14 定语从句-2024年新九年级英语暑假语法知识抢先记（通用版）

2024年新九年级英语暑假语法知识抢先记（通用版） 14 定语从句 知识导图 考点突破 在复合句中，修饰某一名词、名词词组或代词的从句叫作关系从句（亦称“定语从句”）。关系从句在句中充当定语成分，被修饰的词叫作先行词，引导关系从句的词叫作关系词。 如: The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (先行词)(引导词)　(从句) 那群踢足球的男孩都是一班的。 考点一定语从句的引导词(关系词) 1.常见的关系代词有: 指代对象 代指人 代指物 既可指人也可指物 主语 who, that which, that that 宾语 whom, that 所有格 whose 2. 引导词(关系词)的用法 引导词 用法 例子 that 一般情况下that可指人或物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能作介词的宾语 The man that (who) is speaking at the meeting is a foreigner.正在会上发言的那个男人是个外国人。(先行词是the man,关系代词在从句中作主语,用that或who) who 在从句中作主语 In many ball games, the most important person is the one who carries the ball.在许多球赛中,最重要的人就是持球的人。 whom 在从句中作宾语 He is the boy whom you wanted to find.他就是你想要找的那个男孩 whose 在从句中作定语 The girl whose mother is a nurse is waiting for you outside.那个女孩在外面等你,她的妈妈是名护士。 which 指物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语 On the other hand, the land which the elephants lived on was overused by humans.另一方面,大象生活的栖息地被人类过度使用。 考点二引导词(关系词)的特殊用法 (1)下列情况只能用that(不能用which)来指代物: （1）当先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用that。 例 This is the first thing that we have to do. 这是我们不得不做的第一件事情。 This is the most beautiful picture that I have ever seen.这是我见过的最美丽的图画。 （2）当先行词为不定代词时，关系代词只能用that。 例 Is there anything that I can do for you？ 有什么我可以为您效劳的吗？ （3） 当先行词同时含有人和物时，关系代词只能用that。 例 We talked about the people and the villages that we could remember. 我们谈论了我们能记起的人们和村庄。 （4） 当先行词被the only， the last， the very等修饰时，关系代词只能用that。 例 Beth is the only friend that I have in this town. 贝丝是我在这个镇上唯一的朋友。 （5） 当句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复，关系代词只能用that。 例 Who is the man that is making a speech？ 正在做演讲的那个男人是谁？ (2)关系代词在关系从句中作宾语时，常可省略。 例 The watch (that / which) you gave me keeps perfect time.你给我的那块表走得很准。 The people (that / who / whom) we met in France have sent us a card.我们在法国遇到的那些人寄给了我们一张卡片。 (3）关系从句中谓语动词的数应和先行词的数保持一致。 例 Mary is a girl who / that has long hair.玛丽是一个留着长发的女生。 提分巧练 根据句意用合适的关系代词填空。 1.I still love reading the book ________________ was given by my primary English teacher. 2.The old people ____________ are dancing in the park live in the neighborhood. 3.The man ______________________ you met is my father. 4.The hungry kids ate everything ________ they could find in the kitchen. 5.This is the most interesting city ________ I have ever visited. 6.This is the last movie ________ I want to watch. 7.Lei Feng is a great person  　　⁠ sets a good example to us. 8.He showed me the photos  　　⁠ he took at his graduation ceremony. 9.Tea is the leaf of a plant  　　⁠ grows widely in China, Japan and other countries. 10.These tests can’t measure（衡量） all the things________ make you wonderful and special. 分层优练 夯实基础 一、语法点单句特训 1. He showed me the photos _______ he took at his graduation ceremony. A. that B. who C. what 2. —The Lifelong Journey is one of the most touching books _______ I have ever read. —Yeah, the book is fantastic and I am looking forward to reading it again. A. that B. which C. what 3. Guo Moruo is a famous Chinese writer _______ is popular around the world. A. which B. whom C. who 4. The students are reading books _______ are full of the “red spirit” these days. A. who B. where C. which 5.We should remember those 　　　 　lost their lives for our country.  A.who　 B.whom　 C.which 6.—Is the woman 　　 　　walked past just now your teacher?  —Yes, she teaches 　　　　English and we all love her very much.  A.which; our　 B.who; us　 C.which; us　 D.that; our 7.Students love the teachers are outgoing and humorous.  A.who　 B.whom　 C.which　 D.whose 8.The students are reading books _______are full of the “red spirit” these days.  A.who B.where C.which 9.Today’s China is a country _______keeps to this national character.  A.what B.who C.that 10.—The Lifelong Journey is one of the most touching books ______I have ever read.  —Yeah， the book is fantastic and I am looking forward to _______it again.  A. that； reading B.which； to read C.that； to read 二、小语篇特训 语法选择 Don’t we all know a “Happy Meal”? A Happy Meal is a form of kids’ meal 　1　 has been sold at a certain fast-food chain since 1979. A toy is included with the food. Both of them are usually contained in a box or paper bag. Happy Meals are very popular with kids 　2　 are very interested in collecting toys. But some health supporters think that drawing kids’ attention to these meals with toys is a way of promoting unhealthy food choices.  ( )1.A.which　　　 B.who　　　 C.what　　　 ( )2.A.who　　　 B.whom　　　 C.which 语篇提升 语法选择 In the village of Muntang in Indonesia (印度尼西亚)， many children do one thing after school： They pick up rubbish in order to　1　 books from the “Waste Library”.  Raden Roro Hendarti is the person 　2　 set up this special library.Every weekday， she rides her tricycle (三轮车) 　3 lots of books to the village.Many children are already waiting for 　4　.They pick out 　5　 books they want to read 　6　 “pay” her with plastic cups， bags and other types of waste.After that， these little children usually sit together to enjoy reading their books.  Each week， Raden’s “Waste Library” collects about 100 kilograms of rubbish.Then the waste 　7　 for recycling or sold.Raden will use the money to buy new books for her library.“Our children should read more and spend 　8　 time playing online games，” said Raden.“I want them to get offline (离线的) and start doing something good for the real world.”  The “Waste Library” 　9　 over 6， 000 books now.The number is still growing.Raden’s act of 　10　 is shining the hearts and minds of more children.  ( )1.A.borrow B.borrowing C.borrowed ( )2.A.which B.who C.whose ( )3.A.of B.for C.with ( )4.A.she　　 B.her　　 C.herself ( )5.A.a　　　 B.an　　 C.the ( )6.A.and　　 B.but　　 C.or ( )7.A.sends　　 B.is sent　　 C.was sent ( )8.A.little B.less C.the least ( )9.A.have　　 B.has　　 C.had ( )10.A.kind B.kindly C.kindness 参考答案： 提分巧练 1.which / that 2.who / that 3.who / whom / that 4. that 5.that 6.that 7.who/that 8.which/that 9.which/that 10.that 夯实基础 一、1~5　AACCA　6~10　BACCA 二、1~2　AA　 语篇提升 1.A 考查动词不定式。根据“They pick up rubbish in order to...books from the ‘Waste Library’.”可知应该是从这个“图书馆”里借书看，故选A。句意：在印度尼西亚的蒙塘村，许多孩子放学后都做一件事：他们为了从“垃圾图书馆”借书而捡垃圾。 2.B 考查定语从句。先行词是the person且此处的关系代词在从句充当主语，故选B。句意：Raden Roro Hendarti是建立这个特殊图书馆的人。 3.C 考查介词。with lots of books有许多书。句意：她每天骑着装有许多书的三轮车到村里。4.B 考查代词。介词for后应使用代词宾格。wait for sb.（宾格）等待某人。 5. C 考查冠词。空后有定语“they want to read”修饰books,可知此处特指他们想看的书，故使用定冠词the，故选C。 6.A 考查连词。空前后两分句表示动作的承接，句意：他们选出自己想看的书，然后用自己的塑料杯子、塑料袋和各种垃圾“支付”，故选A。 7.B 考查动词被动语态。waste单数主语，与谓语动词send是被动关系，此处使用被动语态。且“each week”和“collects about”提示，垃圾被送出去用于循环利用或是售卖的事件是经常发生的，所以用一般现在时，故选B。 8.B 考查形容词比较等级。time是不可数名词，且空前有提示词“more”，故选B。 9.B 考查动词时态。提示词“now”表示句子阐述的是当下的状态，故使用一般现在时，主语为“the ‘Waste Library’”是单数，故选B。 10.C 考查名词，act of kindness善举，句意：Raden的善举照亮了更多孩子的心灵和思想，故选C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$