Unit3 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage & Integrated skills(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（译林版）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．　shade　 n．阴影部分；色度；阴凉处 2．　wage　 vt.开始，发动 n．(通常指按周领的)工资，工钱 3．　campaign　 n．(宣传)活动，运动；战役 vt.&vi.发起运动，参加活动 4．　toast　 n．吐司，烤面包片；干杯，祝酒 vt.为……干杯；烤；取暖 5．　garlic　 n．蒜，大蒜 6．　mushroom　 n．蘑菇 7．　raw　 adj.未经加工的，自然状态的；生的，未烹制的 拓展词汇 8．　bathe　 vt.以(光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用水清洗→　bath　 n．洗澡；沐浴 9．　architecture　 n．建筑设计，建筑风格；建筑学→　architect　 n．建筑师→　architectural　 adj.建筑学的；建筑方面的→　architecturally　 adv.关于建筑地；建筑上地；建筑上 10．　arrange　 vt.&vi.整理，布置；安排，筹备→　arrangement　 n．安排；筹备 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．be amazed 　to do　 sth做某事感到惊讶 2．be interested 　in　对……感兴趣 3．be determined 　to do　 sth决心做某事 4．　on　 show在展出，展览 5．rather 　than　与其；不愿；而不是 6．pick 　up　拾起；捡起；收拾；整理；(偶然)学会；用车接某人；收听到；(身体)好转 7．learn 　about　了解，得知 8．be known 　for　因……而著名 9．play an important role 　in　在……中起重要作用，在……中扮演重要角色 10．a variety 　of　各种各样的 11．　for　 example例如 12．be used 　to do　 sth被用来做某事 13．live 　on　继续存在；继续生存；靠……生活；以……为生；(人)以……为食 14．stick...　to　...把……粘贴到…… 15．be supposed 　to do　 sth应该做某事 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．　Looking at artworks through smartphones　，I thought，was like trying to appreciate the countryside without being able to hear the birds sing，feel the breeze against my face or smell the flowers. 我想，通过智能手机看艺术品，就像是试图欣赏乡村，却听不到鸟儿的歌唱，感觉不到微风拂面，闻不到花香。 2．Nowadays，the use of smartphones in museums continues to rise and art experts are concerned about 　how to get people to truly appreciate artworks rather than simply take photos or record videos to post on social media　. 如今，博物馆中智能手机的使用率持续上升，艺术专家关心的是如何让人们真正欣赏艺术品，而不是简单地拍照或录制视频发布在社交媒体上。 3．This type of writing is supposed to include enough details 　so that readers can follow easily　. 这种类型的写作应该包含足够的细节，以便读者可以很容易地理解。 4．Start with a brief introduction 　explaining what kind of unusual picture will be created　. 从一个解释将创造出何种不同寻常的画面的简短介绍开始。 5．List the things 　needed to make the picture　. 列出制作这幅画所需要的东西。 [重点词汇] 1．shade n．阴影部分；色度；阴凉处 (1)in the shade of　在(……的)阴凉处 (2)shade vt.　遮住光线 shade...from/against...　为……挡住…… Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.大家坐在树阴下等着，这时黑猩猩一家醒了，准备离开。 She used an umbrella to shade herself from the sunshine.她用伞遮住她上方的阳光。 [佳句背诵] (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue.他经过乳白色的瀑布和深蓝的山脉。 [易混辨析] shadow，shade shadow 常指光线被物体挡住所产生的阴影、影子，有明显的轮廓 shade 指阳光被遮挡后出现的阴凉处，如树阴等，无一定的轮廓或边界(任何遮住阳光的地方) [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①She was sitting 　in　 the shade of a big olive tree，and enjoyed a good time. ②The trees shade us 　from/against　 the summer hot sun. 选词填空：shadow；shade ③As the sun set，the 　shadow　 became longer.Let's find some 　shade　 and take a rest. 2．rather than与其；不愿；而不是 (1) (2)other than　不同于；除了……外 or rather　更确切地说 more than　多于；不仅仅；非常 They said the director，rather than the clerks，was responsible for the incident. 他们说不是职员，而是主管要为这次事件负责。 I met him very late on Friday night，or rather early on Saturday morning.我在星期五深夜见到他，更确切地说是在星期六凌晨。 [佳句背诵] (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better，why not offer yourself a compassionate response? 与其纠结于你本可以做得更好，为什么不给自己一个富有同情心的回应呢？ [名师点津] (1)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 (2)rather than后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to；但当rather than位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式，或者是动词­ing形式。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Rather than 　refuse/refusing　(refuse) to help you，I would borrow money from my friends. ②The children preferred 　to cycle　(cycle) to the countryside rather than 　stay　(stay) indoors all the day. ③Mary，rather than you，　is　(be) to blame for not finishing the work on time. 句型转换 ④After all，all kids prefer to be praised rather than be scolded. →After all，all kids would be praised 　rather than be scolded　. →After all，all kids would rather 　be praised than be scolded　. →After all，all kids prefer 　being praised to being scolded　. 3．arrange vt.&vi.整理，布置；安排，筹备 (1)arrange sth for sb　为某人安排某事 arrange to do sth 安排做某事 arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事 (2)arrangement n. 安排；筹备 make arrangements for 为……安排 If you are interested，please sign up at the office before 5：00 p．m.next Thursday so that we will make necessary arrangements. 若感兴趣，请在下周四下午5点前到办公室签名，以便于我们做些必要的安排。 I have arranged for Tom to pick up the experts at the airport. 我已安排汤姆开车去机场接专家们。 (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.大多数博物馆还欢迎学校团体，并为儿童安排特别活动。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①David arranged for someone 　to drive　(drive) him home. ②Have you arranged 　to meet　(meet) Mark this weekend? ③(2020· 天津卷)Now she is one of the experts，writing books on flower 　arrangement　(arrange). 完成句子 ④圣诞节临近，我们已经为假期做了安排。 With Christmas drawing near，we 　have already made arrangements for our vacation　. [重点句型] 1．(教材P34)　Looking at artworks through smartphones　，I thought，was like trying to appreciate the countryside without being able to hear the birds sing，feel the breeze against my face or smell the flowers. 我想，通过智能手机看艺术品，就像是试图欣赏乡村，却听不到鸟儿的歌唱，感觉不到微风拂面，闻不到花香。 Looking at artworks through smartphones是动名词短语，在句中作主语。 动词­ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主语，动词­ing形式作真正的主语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It's a waste of time doing ...；It's no use/good doing ...；It is useless ...doing ...等中。 In my view，practicing handwriting is very important to the students' growth. 我认为，练习书法对学生的成长有重要意义。 It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to change his mind. 试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间。 [佳句背诵] (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)But I imagine that，while money is indeed wonderful and necessary，rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.但我认为，虽然金钱确实是美好和必要的，可是重读一位作者的作品是读者能给予他们的最高回馈。 [名师点津] 不定式、动词­ing形式都可作主语，但动词­ing形式作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①(2020·江苏卷)　Preparing　(prepare) others for a conversation of fun is as good as telling a joke yourself when showing your sense of humor. ②　Being surrounded　(surround) by beautiful green mountains and located at the foot of Mount Lu makes it a famous tourist attraction. ③It's a waste of time 　arguing　(argue) about it at the present time. 完成句子 ④不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。 　It is useless/no use　 complaining without taking action. 2．(教材P35)Nowadays，the use of smartphones in museums continues to rise and art experts are concerned about 　how to get people to truly appreciate artworks rather than simply take photos or record videos to post on social media　. 如今，博物馆中智能手机的使用率持续上升，艺术专家关心的是如何让人们真正欣赏艺术品，而不是简单地拍照或录制视频发布在社交媒体上。 how to get people to truly appreciate artworks rather than simply take photos or record videos to post on social media属于“疑问词＋不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。 whether，what，which，whom，who，where，when，how等加不定式构成的结构在句中起名词作用，可以作主语、表语和宾语。 In a trial，a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. 在审判中法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。 Seeing such a crowd of audience below the stage，he was too nervous to know what to say. 看到舞台下有那么多的观众，他紧张得不知道说什么。 [佳句背诵] (2020·浙江卷)I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. 我学到了很多关于如何延长物体的寿命，并将它们转化成新的有用的东西。 [名师点津] (1)在“疑问代词＋不定式”结构中，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。 (2)按英语习惯，疑问词why后面通常不接不定式。但在以why或why not 开头的省略疑问句中，其后可跟不带to的不定式。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①没有人能告诉我在哪儿能买到这本有趣的书。 No one could tell me 　where to buy the interesting book　. ②他们总是告诉我该做什么以及怎么做。 They always told me 　what to do and how to do it　. 句型转换 ③The boy is too young to know what he should do in trouble. →The boy is too young to know 　what to do　 in trouble. 3．(教材P38)This type of writing is supposed to include enough details 　so that readers can follow easily　. 这种类型的写作应该包含足够的细节，以便读者可以很容易地理解。 句中so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便……；为了……”。 (1)so that可以引导的目的状语从句，意为“以便……；为了……”，从句中常用情态动词。引导目的状语从句的从属连词还有：in order that，for fear that，in case (that)等。 (2)so that还可引导结果状语从句。引导结果状语从句的从属连词还有：so...that...，such...that...等。 He didn't plan his time well，so that he didn't finish his work on time.他没有把时间计划好，所以没有按时完成他的工作。 When he goes out，he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody can recognize him. 他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。 [佳句背诵] (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Then I can spare some time to learn it again，so that we can practice together every day.然后我会抽出时间再次学习(功夫)，这样我们每天就能在一起练习。 [即学活用] 句型转换 ①We need information from experts in WWF to help us better understand the animal.In that case，we can take better care of them. →We need information from experts in WWF to help us better understand the animal 　so that　 we can take better care of them. 完成句子 ②她给了我们太多的信息，结果每个人都被弄糊涂了。 She gave us too much information，　so that everyone got confused　. 动词­ing形式和过去分词作表语 一、 动词­ing形式作表语 1．动词­ing形式作表语，有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等，这时通常可以看作是形容词，不可与主语的位置调换。 The argument is very convincing. 这个论点很令人信服。 The story she told us was very interesting. 她给我们讲的故事很有趣。 2．动词­ing作表语可表示抽象性或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容，此时表语和主语常可互换位置。 My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。 (＝Collecting stamps is my hobby.集邮是我的爱好。) (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Landing on the moon's far side is extremely challenging. 在月球的远端着陆是非常具有挑战性的。 [名师点津] 作表语用的动词­ing形式，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing(这类分词表示“令人……的”的含义)。 [对点集训1] 单句语法填空 ①It is quite a 　moving　(move) story，isn't it? ②Their job is 　making　(make) wheelchairs for disabled people. ③The snake looked quite 　frightening　(frighten) and the lady let out a scream at the sight of it. 二、过去分词作表语 1．过去分词作表语时位于系动词(如be，get，become，look，feel，seem等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。 常见的作表语的过去分词有： amused愉快的　connected连接的 broken碎了的 closed关闭的 completed完成的 astonished吃惊的 covered覆盖的 crowded拥挤的 delighted高兴的 disappointed失望的 discouraged泄气的 dressed穿着的 drunk喝醉的 experienced有经验的 gone遗失的 lost丢失的 worried担忧的 interested感兴趣的 tired疲劳的 pleased高兴的 satisfied满意的 surprised吃惊的 married已婚的 known著名的 confused困惑的 embarrassed尴尬的 He looked worried after reading the letter. 看完信后，他显得忧虑。 When we heard of it，we were deeply moved. 当我们听到这件事时，我们被深深地感动了。 (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Emoji can help communication feel friendlier，and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile. 表情符号有助于交流让人感觉更友好，即使是严肃的音符也可以用鼓励的微笑来软化。 (2020· 天津卷)For people who are interested in sound，the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. 对于那些对声音感兴趣的人来说，声音技术的领域无疑是制造噪音。 [名师点津] 很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有： exciting令人激动的，excited激动的，兴奋的；astonishing令人惊讶的，astonished惊讶的；delighting令人高兴的，delighted高兴的；disappointing令人失望的，disappointed感到失望的；encouraging令人鼓舞的，encouraged受到鼓舞的；frightening令人害怕的，frightened吓坏了的；interesting令人感兴趣的， interested感兴趣的；moving感人的；moved受感动的；pleasing令人高兴的，pleased满意的；shocking令人震惊的，shocked感到震惊的；tiring令人劳累的，tired感到劳累的；worrying令人担心的，worried感到担心的；satisfying令人满意的，satisfied感到满意的；puzzling令人迷惑的，puzzled感到迷惑的。 [对点集训2] 单句语法填空 ①The 　frightened　 look on her face suggested that she was 　frightened　 by the 　frightening　 scene.(frighten) ②The news was 　exciting　 and they were all 　excited　 at it.(excite) ③We all felt 　encouraged　 at the 　encouraging　 news.(encourage) ④The audience were all 　moved　 to tears by the 　moving　 film.(move) 2．过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别 “be＋过去分词”表示状态时，是系表结构，此时过去分词通常已形容词化；表示动作时，是被动语态，且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词by引出。 The book is well written.(系表结构，强调主语所处的状态) 这本书写得很好。 The book was written by a soldier.(被动语态，强调主语所承受的动作) 这本书是一位战士写的。 [对点集训3] 翻译句子 ①The cup is broken. 　杯子碎了。　 ②The cup was broken by Tom. 　杯子是汤姆打碎的。　 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Climbing mountains was 　tiring　，so we all felt 　tired　.(tire) 2．It was a really terrifying experience.Afterwards，everybody was very 　shocked　(shock). 3．The story they heard over the radio was very 　moving　(move). 4．There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and 　disappointed　(disappoint). 5．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)People want to listen to someone who is 　interesting　(interest)，　relaxed　(relax) and comfortable. 6．The most important thing now is 　finding　(find) a place to live in. 7．What he prefers to do in the morning is 　running　(run). 8．We got a little 　sunburnt　(sunburn)，but the day had been so 　relaxing　(relax) that we didn't mind. 9．For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying 　connected　(connect). 10．If you get 　lost　(lose) in a strange place，you'd better not move and wait for help there. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．他依然站在桌旁。 He 　remained standing　 beside the table. 2．我的工作就是每天早上挨家挨户送牛奶。 My job is 　delivering milk from door to door　 every morning. 3．你为什么总是看上去很疲劳？ Why do you always 　look tired　？ 4．我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。 I 　was disappointed　 at the film I saw last night.I had expected it to be better. 5．我太激动了，迫不及待地想穿上它们。 So 　excited was I　 that I couldn't wait to try wearing them. [随堂演练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．We sat 　in　 the shade and ate our lunch on sunny days. 2．Tom rather than his sisters 　is　(be) leaving next week. 3．In addition to these 　arrangements　(arrange)，extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight. 4．In conclusion，I like everything in spring，especially the feelings 　bathed　(bathe) in the rain and sunshine. 5．His main task is 　selling　(sell) smart blackboard at the moment. 6．In my opinion，the ending of the movie is 　boring　(bore). 7．The match looked very competitive but the result was 　disappointing　(disappoint). 8．The argument is very 　convincing　(convince). 9．If you are 　interested　(interest) in it，let me know and I'll send you more information. 10．We feel 　honoured　(honour) to have you here in the middle of our English Week Activities. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．每天步行去上班不仅能增强你的体质，而且能帮你省钱。 　Going to work on foot　 can not only build up your body but also help you save money. 2．我听说你渴望得到一些关于如何交友的建议。 I heard you are dying for some advice on 　how to make friends　. 3．他把收音机的音量调大，以便每个人都能听到新闻。 He turned up the radio 　so that/in order that everyone could hear the news　. 4．这个消息太令人兴奋了，我们听到这个消息都很兴奋。 The news 　was so exciting　 that we 　were excited　 at the news. 5．这个湖泊的美使我们感到惊奇。 We 　were amazed at　 the beauty of the lake. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$