Unit1 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（译林版）

How Do You Think of American Food? Roza：When I came to the U．S.A.，I was inspired：a new country，new life，new people，new language and new food.When we went to Safeway for the first time，we were shocked.There was a huge assortment of groceries，a wide choice of dairy products，and seafood.In Russia we bought the same groceries and at the store there was not such a big assortment.In America we were confused because we couldn't read.We bought bread－it was salty，sweet and sour.In Russia，there are not too many restaurants.That's why people cook and eat at home.I never ate trout(鳟鱼) before in Russia.In America I can buy and cook it when I want. Cherry：I came from Thailand and most Thai food is spicy.I don't know why we always eat spicy food，but it's good for our health because Thai food has a lot of herbs.It burns calories so it doesn't make you fat.We never use cheese，butter or something like that to cook.When we're eating in restaurants，we order the food and eat it together.We must share everything on the table.We don't eat separately like Americans because it is very impolite in Thailand. Alicia：My eating habits have changed very much since I arrived in America.In my country I didn't like to eat vegetables and now I have to，because most of the American food has vegetables，but most of the food has more fat too.Here in America I tried Chinese food，because I'd never eaten it before，and it was delicious.Another change was that now I go to restaurants twice a week，something that I didn't do in Argentina.I don't have a favorite restaurant.I go everywhere trying new food. [词汇积累] shocked adj.吃惊的，震惊的；愤慨的，十分厌恶的　 assortment n．各种各样 confused adj.糊涂的；迷惑的 spicy adj.加有香料的；辛辣的 herb n．药草；香草 根据短文回答问题 1．The three students Roza，Cherry and Alicia come from 　Russia　，　Thailand　 and 　Argentina　. 2．According to the teenagers，Thai food is 　spicy　，Chinese food is 　delicious　 and American food has too much 　fat　. 3．Thai people eat together while Americans eat 　separately　. Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．　mood　 n．情绪，心情；气氛，氛围 2．　flavour/flavor　 n．味，味道；特点，特色 vt.给……调味，加味于 3．　dessert　 n．(饭后)甜点，甜食 4．　link　 vt.联系，相关联；把……连接起来 n．联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接 5．　vinegar　 n．醋 6．　native　 n．出生于某国(或某地)的人；本地人 adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的；土产的 7．　sour　 adj.酸的，有酸味的；馊的 vi.&vt.(使)变坏；变味，酸腐 8．　bond　 n．纽带，联系；连接，结合 9．　calorie　 n．卡，卡路里；千卡 10．　lower　 vt.降低，减少；把……放低，使……降低 adj.下面的；在底部的；低洼的 拓展词汇 11．　combination　 n．结合体，联合体；联合，混合→　combine　 vt.&vi.(使)融合，(使)结合，(使)混合；兼做；合并 12．　creamy　 adj.含奶油的；像奶油的，光滑细腻的；淡黄色的→　cream　 n．奶油；乳脂；护肤霜adj.奶油色的；淡黄色的 13．　greedily　 adv.贪婪地，贪心地→　greedy　 adj.贪婪的，渴望的→　greed　 n．贪婪，贪心 14．　gently　 adv.轻柔地，温和地→　gentle　 adj.温和的；文雅的→　gentleness　 n．和蔼，温和 15．　association　 n．联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往→　associate　 vt.联想；联系n.同伴；伙伴 16．　vary　 vi.(根据情况)变化，变更，相异，不同vt.变更，改变→　various　 adj.各种各样的→　variety　 n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)→　variation　 n．变奏，变奏曲；变化，变更；变体，变种 17．　emotion　 n．情感，强烈的感情，激情，情绪→　emotional　 adj.情感(上)的；情绪(上)的 18．　salty　 adj.咸的，含盐的→　salt　 n．盐；食盐 19．　relieve　 vt.解除，减轻；缓和，缓解→　relief　 n．(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物 20．　security　 n．安全；保护措施；保安部门；担保，保证→　secure　 adj.安全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的vt.获得；拴牢；保护 21．　generate　 vt.产生，引起→　generative　 adj.能生产的，有生产能力的→　generator　 n．产生者；发电机→　generation　 n. 一代，一辈；产生→　generational　 adj.一代的；代与代之间的 22．　digest　 vt.&vi.消化；领会，理解n.摘要，文摘→　digestion　 n．消化(过程) 23．　cycle　 n．循环；自行车，摩托车vi.骑自行车→　cyclist　 n．骑自行车的人 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．consist 　of　由……组成(或构成) 2．because 　of　因为；由于 3．be made 　up　 of由……构成 4．　do　 the trick奏效，起作用，达到目的 5．　not　 to mention更不用说 6．used 　to do　 sth过去常常做某事 7．refer 　to　把……称作……；提及；谈到；参考；查阅；提交 8．lie 　in　存在于；在于 9．make up 　for　弥补，补偿 10．vary 　from　...to...由……到……不等 11．depend 　on　依靠；依赖 12．tend 　to do　 sth倾向于做某事，易于做某事 13．connect 　with　...与……相联系 14．take care 　of　照料；处理 15．according 　to　按照；根据……所说 16．give 　up　放弃；停止 17．cry out 　for　迫切需要 18．compare...　to　...把……和……相比；把……比作…… 19．as 　a　 result结果 20．be/become aware 　of　对……知道、明白；意识到…… Ⅲ.重点句型 1．　Whenever I feel lonely　，I have a secret recipe that never fails：rice，milk and sugar，cooked low and slow. 每当我感到孤独时，我有一个永远不会失败的秘方：米饭、牛奶和糖，煮得又低又慢。 2．　No matter how bad my mood is　，that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits. 不管我的心情有多糟糕，这种完美的组合总是足以让我振作起来。 3．　Before I know it　，I'm happy again. 在我意识到我的心情低落之前，我又重新高兴起来。 4．　It is hardest　 to give up the food that you grow up with. 放弃与你一起成长的食物是最难的。 5．　To achieve this　，you can use words and phrases with similar meanings. 要做到这一点，你可以使用具有相似含义的单词和短语。 Ⅰ.Read the text and answer the following question. What is the text mainly about? 　It is mainly about comfort food.　 Ⅱ.Scan the text and match the general idea of every paragraph. 1．Para.1　 　A．Comfort food varies from person to person. 2．Para.2 B.Rice pudding cheers me up whenever I feel unhappy. 3．Para.3 C．Comfort food makes us feel good and is food for the soul. 4．Para.4 D．Comfort food can take people back to their cultural roots. 5．Para.5 E．Comfort food has the power of making us feel better. 答案　1～5　BEADC Ⅲ.Read the text and choose the best answers. 1．What does the chicken soup associate with according to the author? A．A happy childhood. B．A feeling of being taken care of. C．Happy memories of the people we love. D．All of the above. 2．For an Englishman who moves away from the UK，what may be his/her comfort food? A．Chicken soup. B．Rice. C．A plate of dumplings. D．Fish and chips. 3．Comfort food always cheers us up because ． A．it is often made by our family members B．it can make us feel comfortable C．it tastes good and builds an emotional bond with happy memories D．it is delicious and has unique power 4．Where is this passage most likely from? A．A diary. B．A magazine. C．A novel. D．A science report. 答案　1～4　DDCB Ⅳ.Fill in the blanks according to the text. Rice pudding is my comfort food.In 1.　a　 broad sense，comfort food refers to any food that 2.　makes　(make) us feel better.Comfort food varies 3.　from　 person to person，4.　depending　(depend) on our own unique 5.　experiences　(experience).If we grow up eating 6.　certain　(certainly) foods in our family，those foods tend 7.　to be linked　(link) with positive emotions.For people 8.　who　 move away from their home country，one mouthful of comfort food takes them back to their 9.　cultural　(culture) roots，giving them the “taste of home” and relieving feelings of 10.　homesickness　(homesick).In my opinion，comfort food is food for the soul. [重点词汇] 1．combination n．结合体，联合体；联合，混合 (1)in combination (with)　(与……)联合/结合 (2)combine vt.&vi.　(使)融合，(使)结合，(使)混合；兼做；合并 combine...with/and...　把……与……结合起来 combine to do sth　联合起来做某事 The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners. 公司正在联合几家海外合伙人制造新产品。 Additionally，we can combine our skills with/and knowledge.除此之外，我们还能把我们的技巧与知识结合起来。 [佳句背诵] (2020·江苏卷)Technological innovations，combined with good marketing，will promote the sales of these products. 技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合，将促进这些产品的销售。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①The new graduates are advised to combine their knowledge 　with/and　 practice. ②A 　combination　(combine) of factors may be responsible for the increase in cancer. ③In combination 　with　 what he has learned，he has gained much life experience. 2．greedily adv.贪婪地，贪心地 (1)greedy adj.　贪婪的，渴望的 be greedy for 对……贪婪；渴望得到…… be greedy to do sth 急于做某事 It is/was greedy of sb to do sth 做某事对于某人来讲真是贪婪 (2)greed n. 贪婪，贪心 Spotting the car with its window left open，the greedy thief didn't hesitate.看到那辆车窗开着的汽车，这个贪婪的小偷毫不犹豫。 It was greedy of them to take such bribes. 他们收受了那些贿赂，真是贪婪。 [佳句背诵] As far as I'm aware，we are supposed to earn money by working hard and we shouldn't be too greedy for wealth. 据我所知，我们应该通过辛勤劳动赚钱，而且我们不应该对财富贪婪。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①The cruel and 　greedy　(greed) woman was punished by the two boys. ②The students are greedy 　for　 knowledge. ③It was greedy 　of　 them to eat up all the candy. 3．refer to提及；谈到；参考；查阅；提交；把……称作…… (1)refer to...as...　把……称作…… refer...to...　把……提交给……(以求获得帮助) (2)reference n.　言及；提及；参考；查阅 When I am faced with a difficulty，I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or web pages. 当我面对困难时，我常常选择参考相关学习资料或网页。 The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as reference books while the magazines serve as reading materials.课本和字典可以用作参考书而杂志可作为阅读材料。 [佳句背诵] Don't refer to/consult a dictionary while having an examination. ＝Don't look up new words in a dictionary while having an examination. 考试时不准查词典。 [即学活用] 写出下列句中refer to的含义 ①If you don't know the exact meaning of the word，you may refer to the dictionary.　查阅　 ②We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again.　提及　 ③It was foolish of you to refer to your notes in such an important test.　参考　 4．association n．联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往 (1)in association with...　与……合伙/合作 (2)associate vt. 联想；联系 n. 同伴；伙伴 associate...with...把……和……联系在一起 be associated with... 和……有关 associate with sb 与某人交往或打交道 We are working in association with a local company to raise money for the homeless. 我们与一家当地公司联合工作为无家可归的人筹钱。 Just as importantly，we tend to associate fresh air with health care. 同样重要的是，我们往往把新鲜空气与卫生保健联系在一起。 [佳句背诵] (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Bamboo plants are associated with health，abundance and a happy home. 竹子与健康、富裕和幸福的家有关。 [即学活用] 一句多译 有很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。 ①There are many serious health problems 　which are associated with smoking　.(用定语从句) ②There are many serious health problems 　in association with smoking　.(用介词短语作定语) 5．vary vi.(根据情况)变化，变更，相异，不同 vt.变更，改变 (1)vary in sth　(大小、形状等)不同；有别 vary with... 随……变化，改变 vary from...to... 　由……到……不等 vary between...and...从……到……转变 (2)various adj. 各种各样的；多姿多彩的 (3)variety n. 种种；多样化 a variety of 各种各样的 [语境感悟] (2020· 天津卷)Libraries will often hold reading­group sessions targeted to various age groups. 图书馆通常会举办针对不同年龄段的阅读小组会议。 One of the advantages is that we can find a variety of topics，such as science，culture and history.其中优势之一是我们能够找到各种主题，如：科学、文化、历史等。 [佳句背诵] However，views on this issue vary from person to person.然而，不同的人对这个问题持不同的观点。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Ocean colour varies 　from　 green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. ②No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in 　various　(vary) activities on Earth Day. ③There will be a wide 　variety　(vary)of activities to mark this unforgettable occasion. ④The hotel rooms vary 　in　 size，but all have televisions and telephones. 6．depend on依靠；依赖 (1)depend on/upon sb to do/doing sth 依靠某人做某事 depend on sb for sth　依靠某人供给某物 depend on/upon it that...　 指望；对……深信不疑 (2)That depends./It all depends.　视情况而定。 (3)dependence n.　依靠，依赖 dependent adj.　依靠的，依赖的 You can't depend on/upon your parents to keep giving you money. 你不能依赖父母，总让他们给你钱。 —Can you finish the work before Sunday? —That depends./It all depends. ——你可以在星期天之前完成这项工作吗？ ——这要看情况而定。 [佳句背诵] (2020·江苏卷)Multiple genes behaved differently，depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. 多个基因表现不同，这取决于一个人在走路前是否吃过东西。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①The deadlines and what you need to apply depend 　on　 the program. ②I know we can depend on her 　to deal/dealing　(deal) with the tough situation. ③After graduating from college，he found a job and ended his 　dependence　(depend) on his parents. 7．tend to do sth易于做某事；往往会发生某事 (1)tend vt.　照顾；照料 vi. 倾向；趋于 tend (to) sb/sth 照料，护理 (2)tendency n. 倾向；趋势 have a tendency to do sth 倾向于做某事；往往会做某事 there is a tendency to do sth 有一种做……的倾向 I have to tend (to) the children before I go out. 我出去之前必须把孩子照顾好。 My grandmother has a tendency to go to bed early every day.我祖母每天总爱早睡。 [佳句背诵] (2020·浙江卷)Those who had held mentally stimulating，demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. 那些在退休前从事精神刺激、要求高的工作的人在测试中往往表现最好。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①You may tend 　to look　(look) down and away when greeting someone. ②He has a 　tendency　(tend) to get angry when people oppose his plan. 完成句子 ③　There is a tendency for people to work at home　 instead of in offices. 人们在家里而不是在办公室里工作的趋势日益增长。 8．link vt.联系，相关联；把……连接起来 n．联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接 (1)link...to/with... 将……和……联系或连接起来 link...together　把……连接在一起 link up　连接；结合 link up with...　与……联合；使与……衔接 (2)a link between...and... ……与……之间的联系 a link with...　与……的联系 Rock music has often been linked to/with the drug culture. 人们常常把摇滚乐和毒品文化联系在一起。 The principle for dealing with praise is to consider the link between praise and effort. 处理赞扬的原则是考虑赞扬和努力之间的联系。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①The new bridge will link the island 　to/with　 the mainland. ②Is there 　a　 link between smoking and lung disease? ③The two spacecrafts will link 　up　 with each other in orbit. 9．relieve vt.解除，减轻；缓和，缓解 (1)relieve sb of...　解除某人的负担、困难等 (2)relief n. (痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物；轻松；解脱 in relief　如释重负；松了口气 to one's relief　使某人欣慰的是 I wanted to relieve myself of these duties as soon as possible.我想尽快从这些责任中解脱出来。 Hearing the news，he breathed in relief. 听到这个消息，他如释重负地松了口气。 [佳句背诵] (2020· 天津卷)I'm relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.知道“酷”的定义比我以前想的要宽泛得多，我很欣慰。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①No one was hurt，and we all breathed a sigh of 　relief　(relieve). ②Farming machines have relieved the farmers 　of　 much heavy work. 完成句子 ③他们都安全地到了家，这让我们松了口气。 　To our relief　，they all got home safely. 10．security n．安全；保护措施；保安部门；担保，保证 secure adj.　稳固的，可靠的 v.　把……弄牢；保护 be secure from/against　安全于…… be secure about...　对……安心 secure sb/sth from/against... 使……安全(或可靠) She feels secure about her future. 她对自己的前途觉得安心。 Now my house is secure against burglary. 现在我的房子无被盗窃的危险。 [佳句背诵] (2020·江苏卷)The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable transformation. 很多国家的医疗安全体系正经历重大的变革。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①It is a global dream to live in 　security　(secure) and lead a happy life. ②Some measures are needed to secure the farmland 　from/against　 shifting sand. 11．digest vt.&vi.消化；领会，理解 n．摘要，文摘 digestion n.　消化(过程) digestible adj. 容易消化的，易吸收的 digestive adj. 消化的 digestive system 消化系统 I read only the digest of the novel. 我只读过该小说的摘要。 This chapter is so difficult to digest that I'll have to read it again later. 这一章不容易理解，稍后我还得再看一遍。 [佳句背诵] Cattle­raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation that helps them digest milk as adults. 在东非和北欧养牛的人获得了一种突变，可以帮助他们成年后消化牛奶。 [即学活用] 写出下列句中digest的词性和词义 ①Don't give the baby meat to eat，because he can't digest it.　vt.消化　 ②I will send you a monthly news digest as a birthday gift.　n．摘要　 ③He paused，waiting for her to digest the information.　vt.领会；理解　 [重点句型] 1．(教材P2 )　Whenever I feel lonely　，I have a secret recipe that never fails：rice，milk and sugar，cooked low and slow. 每当我感到孤独时，我有一个永远不会失败的秘方：米饭、牛奶和糖，煮得又低又慢。 句中的Whenever I feel lonely是由whenever引导的让步状语从句。 (1)“what/who/which/when/where/how＋­ever”引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么/谁/哪个/何时/何地/怎样……都……”，相当于no matter what/who/which/when/where/how。 (2) “what/who/which＋­ever”除引导让步状语从句外，还可以引导主语从句或宾语从句，既在从句中作成分又在主句中作成分，相当于anything that，anybody who等，此时不能与no matter what/who/which互换。 Whichever (＝No matter which) book you borrow，you must return it in a week. 你无论借哪一本书，都必须在一周内归还。 Personally speaking，parents are making an attempt to protect their kids by giving whatever (≠no matter what) they require.就我个人而言，父母们正在通过给孩子要的任何东西来保护他们的孩子。 [佳句背诵] (2020·江苏卷)One funny observation about a problem in your life can be funny，but five is just complaining，no matter how smart you think you are.对生活中某一个问题的有趣的观察可能很有趣，但五个就是只有抱怨了，不管你认为自己有多聪明。 [即学活用] 句型转换 ①Whenever I hear that tune，it makes me think of you. →　No matter when　 I hear that tune，it makes me think of you. ②No matter what you do，try your best. →　Whatever　 you do，try your best. 2．(教材P2 )　Before I know it　，I'm happy again. 在我意识到我的心情低落之前，我又重新高兴起来。 before在该句中用作连词，引导时间状语从句。 before用作连词，常用来表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活： (1)强调从句动作发生在主句之前，意为“还没来得及……就……”。 (2)强调动作发生的时间长，意为“过了(多久)才……”。 (3)在“It＋be＋时间段＋before从句”中，意为“……之后才……”。 (4)在“It＋be＋not＋long＋before从句”中，意为“……不久就……”。 The young couple，who returned my lost wallet，left before I could ask for their names. 那对年轻夫妻归还了我丢了的钱包，我还没来得及问他们的名字他们就走了。 As a matter of fact，it was a long time before I knew the truth. 事实上，过了好长时间我才知道事情的真相。 [佳句背诵] (2020·浙江卷)He told me a helicopter was on its way，but it would be 30 minutes before it arrived. 他告诉我直升机正在赶来的路上，但30分钟之后它才到达。 [即学活用] 翻译句子 It was several weeks before he was completely free of pain. 　过了几星期他的疼痛才完全消除。　 3．(教材P5 )　To achieve this　，you can use words and phrases with similar meanings. 为了做到这一点，你可以使用具有意义相似的单词和短语。 不定式短语To achieve this作目的状语。 (1)在动词不定式前可加上in order (to)，so as (to)等用以表示目的，其区别在于in order to可以位于句首或句中，so as to不能置于句首。 (2)动词不定式还可以作结果状语，一般放在句子后面，且常表示出乎意料的结果，常与only，just等词连用。 To master English，you must make much effort on it. 为了掌握英语，你必须付出很多努力。 He hurried to the stadium without supper，only to be told the football match was cancelled. 他没吃晚饭，急匆匆地到达体育馆，却被告知足球赛取消了。 [佳句背诵] (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang'e­4 to find and study areas of the South Pole­Aitken basin. 中国研究人员希望利用嫦娥四号船上的仪器，寻找和研究南极艾特肯盆地的区域。 [名师点津] 动词­ing形式作结果状语则表示意料之中的结果。如： He has got married and settled in Australia，leaving his family in China. 他结婚定居在澳大利亚，留下他的家人在中国。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①He sold his farm，thus 　gaining　(gain) enough money for his journey. ②He stood up and looked forward 　to see　(see) what was going on outside. ③They reached the company out of breath，only 　to be told　(tell) they were fired. 完成句子 ④尽管他们尽了最大的努力帮助他们，但对他们来说，日子还是很艰难。 Though they did all they could 　to help them　 but times were tough for them. [随堂演练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Anyone who goes abroad will accept 　security　(secure) check at the customs. 2．The film was produced in 　association　(associate) with an independent company. 3．Researchers conclude that the French tend 　to stop　(stop) eating when they feel full. 4．It was a 　relief　(relieve) to me to find the children safe. 5．The little boy ate an apple 　greedily　(greedy) in the kitchen this morning. 6．For 　various　(vary) reasons，we couldn't attend her wedding. 7．There is a direct link 　between　 the disease and diet. 8．The air seemed thin，as though its 　combination　(combine) of gases had little oxygen left. 9．You can never depend on a disabled woman 　to do　(do) all the housework for you. 10．If you don't understand some words，you can refer 　to　 the dictionary. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．不管他何时再来，都会受到欢迎。 　No matter when/Whenever he comes again　，he'll be welcome. 2．不久她就把一切都准备好了。 It was not long 　before she got everything ready　. 3．对我们来说保持健康非常重要。 　It is very important for　 us to keep healthy. 4．有时候我们太重视手机而忽略了我们的朋友。 Sometimes we attach too much importance to our phones 　so that we ignore our friends　. 5．为了提高学习成绩，老师必须严格要求学生。 　To improve grade scores　，teachers must be strict with the students. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$