Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Laughter is a kind of universal body language that's shared by people of all nationalities，skin colors，cultures and traditions.But did you know that the ability to tell genuine laughter apart from fake laughter also transcends (超越) cultures? Greg Bryant，a professor of communication at the University of California，Los Angeles，US，published a study in Psychological Science in late July in which he found that people are able to identify real laughter through slight variations in sound. In the study,884 people from 21 countries were asked to listen to random recordings of laughter.Some of the recordings were made up of natural laughs，while others were made by people who were asked to laugh on command. The study showed that people around the world have the ability to pick out real laughter，although their abilities vary from country to country.Residents of the Samoan Islands，an island chain in the central South Pacific，were particularly good at it，correctly identifying real laughter 56 percent of the time.According to Bryant，people from smaller，less industrialized nations “are more accurate in identifying a natural smile” because they rely heavily on emotional engagement (联系) in order to predict others' behavior and create stronger social relationships. But how do people from different cultures detect natural laughter so easily and what traits does real laughter have？As Professor Jessica Wolf of the University of California，Los Angeles，told the Association for Psychological Science，in real laughter，our vocal chords (声带) “produce qualities such as higher pitch (音调) and volume，as well as faster bursts of unclear sounds and more non­tonal (无语调的) noise”． By contrast，fake laughter will “sound like speech”．According to Science Daily，fake laughter is controlled by the same brain system that controls the lips and tongue. Bryant further explained that this system has an imitative capacity，saying “with this speech system，you can make a lot of different noises，including crying，laughter or a shriek(尖叫) of pain.That's where fake laughter comes from.” So that's something to think about the next time one of your friends laughs at something you said.Will you be able to tell if it's real or fake? [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们都有区分真假笑的能力，只是能力有差异，并描述了如何区分。 1．What did Bryant discover about people's ability to distinguish between real and fake laughter? A．People from different backgrounds laugh in different ways. B．It has greatly improved in recent years. C．People can identify natural laughter by small differences in the voice. D．Not all people are born with this ability. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“which he found that people are able to identify real laughter through slight variations in sound”可知，关于人们区分真笑和假笑的能力，布莱恩特发现了人们可以通过声音的微小差异来识别真正的笑声。故选C。 2．What can we conclude from the fourth and fifth paragraphs? A．Samoans did best in picking out real laughter in the steady. B．People from developing countries are usually not good at detecting natural laughter. C．People across cultures have different abilities to identify real laughter. D．The better one's social relationships，the more accurate one can identify real laughter. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，不同文化背景的人辨别真笑的能力不同。故选C。 3．Natural laughter is usually characterized by . A．a lower pitch B．a higher volume C．clear，loud sounds D．slow bursts of toneless noise 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第五段“in real laughter，our vocal chords(声带) ‘produce qualities such as higher pitch(音调) and volume，as well as faster bursts of unclear sounds and more non­tonal (无语调的) noise’”可知，自然笑的特点通常是更高的音调和音量。故选B。 4．What do we know about fake laughter? A．It is difficult to imitate. B．It sounds like high­pitched speech. C．It is produced by a speech system in the brain. D．It is often accompanied with different noises. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“with this speech system，you can make a lot of different noises，including crying，laughter or a shriek (尖叫) of pain.That's where fake laughter comes from”可知，假笑是由大脑中的语言系统产生的。故选C。 B People who laugh frequently in their everyday life may be better equipped to deal with stressful events — although this does not seem to apply to the intensity(强度) (strong，medium or weak) of laughter.These are the findings reported by a research team from the University of Basel in the journal PLOS ONE. It is suggested that people typically laugh 18 times a day.Researchers have also reported differences related to time of day，age，and sex — for example，women smile more than men on average.Now，researchers from the Department of Psychology at the University of Basel have recently conducted a study on the relationship between stressful events and laughter in terms of sensed stress in everyday life. In the study，a sound signal from a mobile phone app required participants to answer questions eight times a day at irregular intervals(间隔) for a period of 14 days.The questions related to the frequency and intensity of laughter and the reason for laughing — as well as any stressful events or stress symptoms experienced — in the time since the last signal. Using this method，the researchers were able to study the relationships between laughter，stressful events，and physical and psychological symptoms of stress(“I had a headache” or “I felt restless”) as part of everyday life.The newly published analysis was based on data from 41 psychology students,33 of whom were women，with an average age of just under 22. The first result of the observational study was expected based on the specialist literature：in stages in which the subjects laughed frequently，stressful events were connected with lighter symptoms of stress.However，the second finding was unexpected.When it came to the interaction between stressful events and the intensity of laughter，there was no statistical correlation (关联) with stress symptoms.“This could be because people are better at judging the frequency of their laughter，rather than its intensity，over the last few hours，” says the research team. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现，在日常生活中，笑可以帮助减轻压力。 5．What does Paragraph 2 intend to show? A．The identity of the subjects. B．The purpose of the research. C．The conclusion of the new study. D．The basic theory of the experiment. 解析：选B　段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍研究的目的。故选B。 6．What question was most probably asked in the study according to Paragraph 3? A．Why did you choose to major in psychology? B．Which event impressed you recently? C．How do you find the given app? D．What makes you laugh? 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The questions related to...the last signal.”可知，问题涉及笑声的频率和强度、笑声的原因、任何有压力的事件或经历的压力症状以及在最后一个信号之后的时间。由此可知，第三段研究中最有可能提出的问题是：什么让你发笑？故选D。 7．Which statement may the research team agree with? A．Women are much friendlier than men. B．Both of the results are beyond expectation. C．The intensity of laughter is difficult to measure. D．Stressful events are related to the subjects' occupations. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When it came to the interaction between stressful events and the intensity of laughter，there was no statistical correlation(关联) with stress symptoms.”可知，笑的强度很难测量。故选C。 8．What can be the best title for this text? A．Laughter acts as a stress reducer B．People in their twenties laugh more C．Psychology students feel restless more often D．Symptoms of stress vary from person to person 解析：选A　标题归纳题。根据第一段第一句及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了研究发现，在日常生活中，笑可以帮助减轻压力。故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 When I was little，I spent much time at my grandfather's house，watching him paint all day long.What I remember most was how he 1 painting old ships. As I grew up，we hardly 2 .I noticed he didn't really 3 much anymore.About a year ago，he had a heart attack.In and out of the 4 for a while，he recovered but was still 5 ，moving around his house in a wheelchair. Then，I started 6 his house and we began to talk more.We discussed life and our interests.Every time I 7 ，he wanted to talk a lot.I figured he was lonely and enjoyed the 8 .Wondering why he didn't start painting again，I made it a point to casually(不经意地) 9 it when I came over，telling him often that he should paint again. It 10 ! He started sending me to buy paint and poster boards.He asked me about colors and 11 me his paintings.I loved the way he painted the 12 ships.He looked happier.Painting seemed to have brought back some 13 part of him. Cleaning for my grandpa has brought us closer.Despite his seventy­five years of age，I 14 to discourage him from painting.Days like these are 15 ，and I enjoy the little moments. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小的时候，爷爷整天画画。爷爷生病之后，作者经常帮爷爷打扫房子，并让爷爷重新拾起画笔画画，使两人的关系更加亲近。 1．A.missed B．loved C．avoided D．started 解析：选B　根据下文“I loved the way he painted the ships.”可知，爷爷喜欢画旧船。 2．A.fought B．explored C．traveled D．spoke 解析：选D　根据下文Then，I started his house and we began to talk more.可知，随着我的成长，我们几乎不说话。 3．A.paint B．laugh C．exercise D．care 解析：选A　根据上文“What I remember most was how he painting old ships.”可知，作者注意到爷爷不再画很多画了。 4．A.office B．hospital C．ship D．city 解析：选B　根据上文“About a year ago，he had a heart attack.”可知，爷爷因心脏病住院。 5．A.positive B．busy C．calm D．weak 解析：选D　根据上文“he recovered”和转折词but可知，爷爷虽然康复了，但身体很虚弱。 6．A.searching B．repairing C．cleaning D．sharing 解析：选C　根据下文“Cleaning for my grandpa has brought us closer.”可知，作者帮助爷爷打扫房子。 7．A.set off B．turned up C．looked around D．called back 解析：选B　根据下文“he wanted to talk a lot”可知，作者一出现，爷爷就想和作者交谈。 8．A.rest B．freedom C．challenge D．company 解析：选D　根据上文“I figured he was lonely”可知，爷爷很孤单，喜欢有人陪伴。 9．A.drop B．answer C．mention D．request 解析：选C　根据上文“Wondering why he didn't start painting again”可知，作者向爷爷提及他画画这件事。 10．A.worked B．continued C．happened D．appeared 解析：选A　根据下文“He started sending me to buy paint and poster boards.”可知，作者的话起作用了。 11．A.lent B．showed C．promised D．delivered 解析：选B　根据上文“He asked me about colors”可知，爷爷向作者展示他画的画。 12．A.foreign B．broken C．empty D．ancient 解析：选D　根据上文“What I remember most was how he painting old ships.”可知，爷爷喜欢画古代的船。 13．A.fun B．smart C．youthful D．secret 解析：选C　根据上文“He looked happier.”可知，爷爷更加快乐，绘画让爷爷恢复了年轻的活力。 14．A.refuse B．decide C．attempt D．fail 解析：选A　根据上文“Despite his seventy­five years of age”可知，爷爷虽然年事已高，但作者拒绝阻止爷爷画画。 15．A.specific B．ordinary C．valuable D．long 解析：选C　根据下文“and I enjoy the little moments”可知，作者认为这样的日子很有价值。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$