Unit 5 Section Ⅱ Using language(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

Section Ⅱ　Using language 一、过去完成时的构成和用法 1．构成：had＋过去分词 2．用法 (1)表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经完成或结束的动作。句中常有by、by the end of等介词(短语) 和by the time，before，when，until等引导的状语从句，也可以通过一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。 ◆By nine o'clock last night，we had finished most of the work. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经完成了大部分的工作。 ◆I found the lecture hard to follow because it had started when I arrived. 我发现这场讲座很难听懂，因为我到的时候讲座已经开始了。 (2)表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始，一直持续到过去的这一时刻，而且到那时还未结束，仍有可能再持续下去。 ◆I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 我在车站等了20分钟才来了辆公交车。 (3)hope，mean，want，think，expect，plan，intend等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图，意为“本来……(但事实上并没有……)”。 ◆I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it. 我本来计划在彼得结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。 (4)常用过去完成时的固定句型： ①在no sooner...than，hardly...when句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……；刚……就……”。 ◆ I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.(＝No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.) 我刚到家就开始下雨了。 ◆I had hardly stepped into the classroom when the bell rang.(＝Hardly had I stepped into the classroom when the bell rang.) 我一踏入教室的门，铃就响了。 [温馨提示] 当no sooner和hardly位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。 ②在“It was the first/second/...time＋that...”句型中，从句用过去完成时，意为“那是第几次……”。 ◆It was the first time that I had chatted online in English. 那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。 ③在“It was＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型中，从句用过去完成时，意为“自……发生以来已经多长时间了”。 ◆It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.我离开北京至少有3个月了。 ④在“主句＋by the time＋表示过去的从句”句型中，主句用过去完成时，意为“到……时，已经……”。 在“by the end of＋表示过去的时间”句型中，句子用过去完成时，意为“到……时，已经……”。 ◆By the time I got to the station，the train had already gone. 我到车站时，火车已经开走了。 ◆By the end of last term we had learnt about 500 English words. 到上学期期末为止，我们已经学了大约500个英语单词。 [即时演练1]——用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)(2022·全国乙卷) A few weeks before，I had started (start) writing my term paper.I thought I could finish it by August. (2)(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened (happen)． (3)I had hoped (hope) to be back last night，but I didn't catch the train. (4)It was the second time that Smith had visited (visit) the Great Wall. (5)By the end of last year，Henry had collected (collect) more than a thousand postcards. 二、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 时态 用法 过去完成时 过去完成时强调“过去的过去”，即表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，是以过去某一时间为基准的 一般过去时 一般过去时以现在时间为基准，表示在过去发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在没有影响 ◆I met her at the airport yesterday.I hadn't seen her for five years since she went abroad. 我昨天在机场遇到她了。自从她出国以来我已经五年没见过她了。 ◆He once worked on a farm for 10 years，and now he is the manager of the company. 他在农场工作过10年，现在是这家公司的经理。 [温馨提示] 当一个由before、 after、 as soon as等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时，两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。 ◆We had breakfast after we did morning exercises. 做完早操后，我们吃早饭。 ◆The train started to move just before he reached the platform. 他到站台时火车刚要走。 ◆They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields. 他们一到地里就开始耕地。 [即时演练2]——用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)He had worked (work) on a ship for 8 years before he became (become) the captain of the ship. (2)Yesterday，Lucy's parents rushed (rush) her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle. (3)When first coming to that city，my parents often had a chat with neighbours，just as they had done (do) in our hometown. [核心词汇] 1．blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n.过失； 责备 [经典例句] So long as you do what you can，no one will blame you even if you might fail in the future. 只要你尽力而为，即使将来可能失败也不会有人指责你。 (1)blame sb/sth for...　因……而责备某人/事 blame sth on sb　把某事怪到某人头上 be to blame(for...)　(对……) 负责；(因为……) 应受指责 (2)take/accept/bear the blame for...　为……承担责任 lay/put the blame on sb　把某事归咎于某人 [温馨提示] be to blame for sth意为“应为某事负责或受指责”，其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)It was the professor rather than his assistants that was to blame (blame) for the failure of the experiment. (2)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame on the alarm clock. (3)Don't always blame your own failure on others.Sometimes you should bear the blame for failure. [写美]——续写佳句之情感描写 (4)蒂姆被责备为演出失败负责，他悲伤得忍不住痛哭。 Blamed for the failure of the performance，Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn't help crying bitterly. 2.decline vi.减少；衰退；下降 vt.谢绝；婉拒 n.减少，下降，衰落，衰退 [经典例句]Many older people don't begin to experience physical and mental decline until after age 75. 很多老年人直到75岁后才开始出现身体上和精神上的衰老。 (1)decline to do sth　拒绝做某事 decline by/to　下降了/到…… (2)be in decline　在下降中，在衰退中 on the decline　在下坡路上；在衰退(减少) [温馨提示] 表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by；表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to。 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)She declined to have (have) lunch with her friend，saying that she wasn't feeling well. (2)The number of tourists to the scenic spot has declined by 10% in recent years to only 5 million because of the epidemic. (3)As the economy was on the decline，some people in the town had lost their jobs. [写美]——应用文佳句之道歉信 (4)因忙于准备期末考试，我只能谢绝你的邀请。 Occupied in preparing for my final exam，I have no alternative but to decline your invitation. Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．(2021·全国乙卷) She was grateful for everything that the medical and nursing team had done (do) for her. 2．Instead of getting down to a new task as I had expected (expect)，he examined the previous work again. 3．By the time I turned on the TV，Messi had scored (score) two goals. 4．—Did you enjoy the party? —Yes.We were treated (treat) well by our hosts. 5．Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted (interrupt) him. 6．By the end of last month，Jane had raised (raise) enough money for the poor sick boy. 7．I asked (ask) you not to move my dictionary this morning—now I can't find it. 8．It was the second time that he had rushed (rush) out of the classroom without permission. 9．Mr.Smith had worked (work) in a car factory for ten years before he came to China. 10．—Hi，I'm Peter.Are you new here？I haven't seen you around. —Hello，Peter.I'm Bob.I just started (start) on Monday. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．这是我第一次参加英语演讲比赛。 It was the first time that I had taken part in an English speech contest. 2．他们到达公交车站的时候，公交车已经离开十分钟了。 By the time they reached the bus stop，the bus had been away for ten minutes. 3．她一走上舞台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。 No sooner had she stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 4．他一直看着她，想知道以前是否在哪里见过她。 He kept looking at her，wondering whether he had seen her somewhere before. 5．到昨晚9点之前，我们已经收到了200多封观众的来信。 By nine o'clock last night，we had received more than 200 letters from the audience. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．We all think Jack as well as his wife is to blame(blame) for their child's bad manners in public. 2．I didn't know why the boy declined to answer (answer) the question. 3．As we all know，the giant panda is native to China. 4．By nine o'clock last night，we had got (get) 200 pictures from the spaceship. 5．It was the first time that a serious problem had arisen (arise) in their project，so they had to consult Professor Yang. 6．He is a professor of Shandong University.He stayed (stay) in America for 4 years. 7．Emma was much disappointed to see the washing machine which she had repaired (repair) went wrong again. 8．By the time he graduated from university，the boy had established (establish) the project with his partners. 9．Hardly had he begun his speech when the audience interrupted (interrupt) him. 10．He had planned (plan) to help his friend，but he was too busy then. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。 Only when he returned home did he know what had happened. 2．那是他第一次面对面地和一个母语是英语的人交流。 It was the first time that he had communicated with a native English speaker face to face. 3．他一进入教室，就意识到他忘记把作业带过来了。 Hardly had he entered the classroom when he realized that he had forgotten to bring his homework. 4．当我到达戏院时，我发现票已经卖完了。 When I got to the theatre，I found the tickets had been sold out. 5．昨晚我本打算来看你，但是那时我有一个重要的会议要参加。 I had intended to come over to see you last night，but I had an important meeting to attend then. Ⅲ.用语篇练语法 I 1.had never seen (see) such beautiful sights before I visited Paris in 2021.I 2.had saved (save) money for 5 years before I 3.booked (book) my trip to Paris.I was very excited！Before my trip to Paris，I 4.had never been (be) out of the United States. When I went to Paris，I 5.spent (spend) many days touring the city.The city is big.Sometimes I 6.got (get) lost and asked for directions.I asked for directions in French.That was easy because I 7.had studied (study) French for 2 years before I visited Paris. By the time I left Paris，I 8.had toured (tour) many beautiful places.The Eiffel Tower，Notre Dame Cathedral，and Luxembourg Gardens 9.were (be) just a few of the places I saw.Before I 10.visited (visit) Paris，I had only seen those places on television. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$