Unit 5 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas 语料积累 原文呈现 课文译文 ①profit['prɒfɪt] vi. & vt.获益，得到好处 profit by/from...因……而获利/受益 ②opportunity n．[ˌɒpə'tjuːnəti][C，U]机会 [近义]　chance n．[C]机会 ③distant['dɪstənt] adj.遥远的 ④answer the call响应号召 ⑤first choice首选 ⑥medical['medɪk(ə)l]adj.医学的，医疗的 medical school n．医学院，医科大学 medical records病历 ⑦complete[kəm'pliːt]vt.完成adj.完整的；完全的，彻底的 completely adv.完全地，彻底地，完整地 ⑧predict[prɪ'dɪkt]vt.预言，预报 ⑨disgrace[dɪs'ɡreɪs]n.[sing.]令人感到羞耻的人(或事)；[U]丢脸，耻辱 be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事 [近义]shame n．[U]羞耻 ⑩of all time 有史以来，自古以来 ⑪in question考虑之中的，被谈论着的 ⑫geologist[dʒi'ɒlədʒɪst]n.[C]地质学家 ⑬naturalist['nætʃ(ə)rəlɪst]n.[C]博物学家 [英语释义]a person who studies animals，plants，birds and other living things ⑭fascinated['fæsɪneɪtɪd]adj.入迷的，极感兴趣的 fascinating adj.迷人的，极有吸引力的 ⑮be crowded with(某场所) 挤满 ⑯sample['sɑːmp(ə)l]n.[C]样本 a sample survey 抽样调查 ⑰come to exist 产生(相当于come into existence) ⑱adapt[ə'dæpt] vi. & vt.适应(新情况) adapt(oneself) to...适应…… ⑲inspire sb to do sth激励某人做某事 inspire[ɪn'spaɪə(r) ]vt.激励，鼓舞；启发思考 ⑳a variety of各种各样的 [近义]　all kinds of/all sorts of各种各样的 notice vt. & vi.注意到 [近义]　spot vt.发现，注意到 observe vt.观察到，注意到 finch[fɪntʃ]n.[C]雀科鸣禽 beak[biːk]n.[C]鸟嘴，喙 available[ə'veɪləb(ə)l]adj.可获得的，可找到的 be available for可利用的；有帮助的 be available to(某人) 可获得的 suspect[sə'spekt]v.猜想，怀疑，觉得 ancestor['ænsəstə]n.[C](动物的) 原种，祖先 [反义]　offspring n．[C]子女，后代 over time 随着时间的流逝 a lower form of life 一种较为低级的生命形式 convincing[kən'vɪnsɪ]adj.令人信服的，有说服力的 convinced adj.确信 be regarded as被认为是 begin with...以……作为开始 [人物小传] Charles Darwin(1809—1882) was an English geologist and naturalist，known for his Theory of Evolution by natural selection.His father wanted him to study medicine，but he was more interested in natural science.After achieving a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1831，he started his five­year voyage on the Beagle，which led to his important discoveries and his famous work On the Origin of Species. A Journey of Discovery The captain of the ship，[1]the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit① by the opportunity② of visiting distant③ countries [2]yet little known”．The person who answered the call④ was not the captain's first choice⑤.[3]It was a young man who had left medical⑥ school without completing⑦ his degree. What's more，he had recently received a letter from his father [4]predicting⑧ that he would be “a disgrace⑨ to yourself and all your family”．Despite all this，his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time⑩. [1]此处the Beagle指the ship，作其同位语。 [2]此处为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰distant countries。distant countries与know之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。 [3]注意此处并不是强调句，本句中的It指代上文中的The person；句中who引导定语从句并在从句中作主语。强调句中的It没有指代意义。 [4]此处为现在分词结构作后置定语，修饰a letter；其中that引导宾语从句。 The young man in question⑪，Charles Darwin，was a geologist⑫ and naturalist⑬，fascinated⑭ by rocks，plants and animals.He left England on the ship，the Beagle，in 1831.The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments.After Darwin had spent some time in South America，his room on the ship was crowded with⑮ samples⑯ of the plants and animals he had collected.[5]As he studied these, he asked himself the question：how did different species come to exist⑰？ [5]As在此引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，它强调一个与主句谓语同时发生的动作。 At that time，people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time，and had not changed since.But Darwin began to think differently.He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other.Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to⑱ their changing environments？It was just an idea，but enough to inspire Darwin to⑲ look for more evidence. When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835，Darwin saw a variety of⑳ new species，but [6]it was the birds that interested him the most.Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands.[7]It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island. [6]此处是一个强调句，强调句子主语the birds。 [7]本句为主从复合句。其中seemed后是一个省略了that的表语从句；在表语从句中又包含了一个what引导的宾语从句，作介词短语according to的宾语。 Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor，which had arrived on the islands a long time before.Over time，it had slowly evolved into many new species.And that was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist：they evolved from earlier ancestors. It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolution. Darwin explained this theory in his book，On the Origin of Species.It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.Many people refused to believe that living things，including humans，had evolved from lower forms of life.They were shocked.But Darwin's scientific studies were [8]so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory. [8]此处为“so...that...”结构，引导结果状语从句。 Today，On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written.It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever.And it all began with the journey on the Beagle. 发现之旅 “猎犬号”的船长希望找到一个“会因为这个可以游历鲜为人知的遥远国度的机会而受益”的人。响应号召的这个人并非船长的首选。这是一个没有拿到学位， 从医学院辍学的年轻人。而且，他最近收到了一封他父亲的来信，信中预言他将成为“自己和全家人的耻辱”。即便如此，他在这艘船上的冒险经历将促成有史以来最重要的科学发现之一。 我们提到的这个年轻人——查尔斯·达尔文——是一位地质学家和博物学家，他对岩石、植物和动物着迷。1831年，他乘坐“猎犬号”离开英国。这次旅行让他有机会研究自然环境中的各种生物。达尔文在南美洲度过一段时间以后，他船上的房间里满是他收集的动植物样本。当他研究这些时，他问了自己一个问题：不同物种是如何产生的？ 那时，人们认为地球上的所有物种都是同时出现的，并且从此再无变化。但达尔文开始有了不同的想法。他注意到，一些动物种类彼此间十分相似。也许动物在适应环境变化时进化了？这虽然只是一个想法，但足以激励达尔文去寻找更多的证据。 1835年，当“猎犬号”抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文看到了各种各样的新物种，但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到，每个岛屿上，雀类都有所不同。它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食物类型进化而来的。 达尔文猜想这些雀鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的，而该祖先很久以前就来到这片群岛了。随着时间的推移，它慢慢进化成了许多新物种。这就是动植物的新物种如何产生的答案：它们从更早期的祖先进化而来。 这是一个全新的理念——进化论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中解释了该理论。这本书直到1859年才出版，并立即引起了轰动。许多人拒绝相信包括人在内的所有生命都是从更低级的生命形式进化而来的。他们感到震惊。但是达尔文的科学研究是如此具有说服力，以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。 如今，《物种起源》被认为是有史以来最为重要的著作之一。它彻底改变了人们对于地球上生命的看法。而这一切都始于“猎犬号”的探索之旅。 Ⅰ.重点单词 核心单词 1．seed n．种子，籽 2．disgrace n．丢脸，耻辱 3．sample n．样本 4．ancestor n．(动物的) 原种，祖先 5．generate v．产生，创造 拓展单词 6．distant adj.遥远的；远处的→distance n．距离；远处 7．evolve v．进化→evolution n．进化(论) 8．suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得→suspicious adj.可疑的→suspicion n．怀疑，嫌疑 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．answer the call 响应号召 2．be a disgrace是耻辱、丢脸的事 3．of all time 有史以来 4．in question被提及的 5．be crowded with 被……塞满；挤满 6．come to exist 产生 7．adapt to 适应 8．a variety of 各种各样的 Ⅲ.重点句式 1．强调句型 When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835，Darwin saw a variety of new species，but it was the birds that interested him the most (最让他感兴趣的是鸟类)． 2．“It seems (that)．..”意为“看起来/似乎是……” It seemed their beaks had evolved (似乎是它们的喙已经进化) according to what food was available on that particular island. 3．“not...until...”意为“直到……才……” It was not published until 1859 (它直到1859年才出版) and immediately caused a storm. 4．“so/such...that...”意为“如此……以至于……” But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that (如此具有说服力以至于) more and more people started to believe his theory. Task Ⅰ 框架宏观建构：整体理解 What's the main idea of the text? A．Darwin's unlucky journey confirmed his theory that humans had evolved over time. B．Darwin went on a journey to confirm his theory that humans had evolved over time. C．Darwin's interest in various living things made him a great naturalist. D．Darwin's journey on the Beagle inspired his theory of evolution. 答案　D Task Ⅱ 文本微观剖析：细节探究 Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer. 1．What do we know about Charles Darwin from the first paragraph? A．He knew the captain of the Beagle very well. B．He wanted to travel around the world by ship. C．He was interested in his lessons at college. D．His father was disappointed with him. 2．What was Charles Darwin interested in? A．Travelling around the world. B．Living things on Earth. C．Communicating with others. D．Doing research on resources. 3．From the sixth paragraph，what was Charles Darwin brave to do? A．To travel alone in the mountains. B．To fight against other people. C．To express his own different ideas. D．To inspire others to tell the truth. 4．What did Charles Darwin base his theory on? A．Traditional beliefs. B．Doing experiments. C．Famous sayings. D．Scientific research. 答案　1－4 DBCD Task Ⅲ 教材对接高考：续写佳句 1．细读课文并找出人物描写的句子 The young man in question，Charles Darwin，was a geologist and naturalist，fascinated by rocks，plants and animals. 2．细读课文并找出心理描写的句子 As he studied these，he asked himself the question：how did different species come to exist? [核心词汇] 1．distant adj.遥远的；(指人) 远亲的；冷淡的 [经典例句] To many people，technology means computers，hand­held devices，or vehicles that travel to distant planets. 对许多人来说，科技意味着电脑、手持设备或是前往遥远星球的交通工具。 (1)be distant from　离……遥远 (2)distance n．　距离；路程；远方 in the distance　在远处 at a distance(of)　在……远的地方；距离稍远 within walking distance　在步行距离内；步行就能到 keep sb at a distance　与某人保持一定距离 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)(2022·全国甲卷) However，after I went to high school，somehow I became distant (distance) from him. (2)We could see nothing in the thick fog at/from a distance of five meters，so we got lost. (3)This field is full of beautiful wild flowers，and the singing of birds can be heard at a distance. [写美]——应用文佳句之建议信 (4)了解到其他同学总是疏远你，我写信是为了给你一些建议。 Learning that other students always keep you at a distance，I am writing to offer you some suggestions. 2.adapt to　适应(to 为介词) [经典例句] The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environments. 孩子们的优点是他们很容易适应新环境。 (1)adapt oneself to...　使自己适应…… adapt...from...　根据……改编…… adapt...for...　为……改编…… (2)adaptation n．　适应；改编本 adaptable adj.　有适应能力的；能适应的 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)In order to better adapt ourselves to new circumstances，we must be ready and willing to acquire new skills. (2)It is well known that the film Red Sorghum is adapted from the novel of the same title by Mo Yan. [写美]——应用文佳句之求助信 (3)我想知道你是否可以帮助我修改一个由我们英语课本改编的短剧。 I was wondering if you could help me revise a short play adapted from our English textbook. 3.suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得n.[C]犯罪嫌疑人，可疑对象 [经典例句]John suspected that his theory was correct but he needed evidence. 约翰觉得他的理论是正确的，但是他需要证据。 suspect sth/that...　怀疑…… suspect sb/sth to be...　怀疑某人/某事是…… suspect sb of (doing) sth　怀疑某人(做了)某事 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1) Suspected (suspect) of being involved in the attempted murder，the man was questioned by the police last night. (2)Judging from his nervous expression，the police suspected him to be (be) a pickpocket. [写美]——续写佳句之心理描写 (3)汤姆的朋友怀疑他偷了她的手机，这让汤姆非常难过。 Tom's friend suspected him of stealing her mobile phone，which made Tom very upset. [重点句型] “so/such...that...” 意为“如此……以至于……” (教材原句) But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory. 但是达尔文的科学研究是如此具有说服力，以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。 (1)“so/such...that...”引导结果状语从句；so后通常接形容词或副词，而such修饰名词。该结构的具体形式如下： so＋＋that... such＋＋that... (2)在“so/such...that...”结构中，当so/such置于句首时，其所在的句子要用部分倒装结构。 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)The exhibition displays such wonderful pictures that you can understand the art of traditional Chinese painting better. (2)Actually，there are so many selfless people like Zhong Nanshan around us that they well deserve our respect. (3)I have made such rapid progress in English that my parents are proud of me. [写美]——句式升级 (4)(2022·浙江1月卷)The work consumed me so much that there was a sense of challenge that completely overtook me. →So much did the work consume me that there was a sense of challenge that completely overtook me.(倒装句) Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．what's more 还有；而且；更重要的是 2．be fascinated by 对……极感兴趣的 3．living things 生物 4．the natural environment 自然环境 5．the changing environment 不断变化的环境 6．over time 随着时间的推移 7．evolve into 进化成…… 8．the answer to ……的答案 9．a theory of evolution 进化论 10．cause a storm 引起轰动 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．The suspect (嫌疑犯) was arrested by surprise，without the chance to dispose of the evidence. 2．Stone tools that were unearthed there indicate the early cultural capabilities of our human ancestors (祖先)． 3．她很快就适应了这种新气候。 She adapted herself quickly to the new climate. 4．直到所有的准备都做好了我们才开始工作。 We won't start the work until all the preparations have been made. 5．天气极度寒冷，房子里所有的水管都冻住了。 It was so cold a day that/such a cold day that/so cold that all the water pipes in the house froze up. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The scientist collected some insects and plants as samples (样本) in the mountain for his study. 2．Thanks to Chinese people's hard work，China has evolved (发展) into a large economy. 3．Cultural heritage is left to us by our ancestors (祖先) and is also a symbol of their wisdom，which played a very important role in history. 4．Jack thinks it is a disgrace (耻辱) for him to lie to his parents. 5．Now，I suspect (怀疑) someone may have broken into this room and taken away something important. 6．The study shows that smoking may generate (产生) long­term stress，even if people feel it offers temporary relief. 7．Small and distant (遥远的) from cities though my hometown is，there is always something different to catch your eye. 8．A seed (种子) can't decide whether to become a tree of food for birds. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) In France，quality of life is much more important than efficiency.You can tell this by cafés life.French cafés are always crowded (crowd)． 2．The supermarket has a large variety (various) of goods，which can meet the needs of different consumers. 3．In my opinion，it is much easier for a child to adapt to a new environment than an adult. 4．A large amount of France's electricity is generated (generate) by nuclear reactors. 5．I had been betrayed by those who I trusted several times，resulting in a suspicious (suspect) attitude towards everything and everyone. 6．It is highly recommended that the general public keep one­metre social distance (distant) to avoid any possible risk of getting infected. 7．Your desk is crowded with too many unnecessary things，including pieces of used papers and books. 8．Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming，is regarded as one of the best all­round forms of exercise. 9．Evolution (evolve) is the answer to how new species of plants and animals come to exist. 10．I've had so many books that I don't have enough space for the large furniture at home. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．正是由于严重的环境污染，许多物种濒临灭绝。(强调句型) It is because of severe environmental pollution that many species are on the edge of extinction. 2．因为手机，我们似乎正在失去面对面交流的技能。(seem) It seems that we are losing the skills of the face­to­face communication because of mobile phones. 3．光的传播速度如此之快，我们几乎无法想象它的速度。(倒装句) So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Charles Darwin，whose father predicted that he would be 1.a disgrace to himself and his family，didn't complete his 2.medical (medicine) degree at college.However，his adventures on the Beagle led to one of the most important scientific 3.discoveries (discovery) of all time. The journey on the ship，the Beagle，offered him a good opportunity 4.to study (study) the living things in their natural environments.He was so fascinated by rocks，plants and animals 5.that he got his room crowded with samples.It was believed at that time that all species 6.had appeared (appear) on Earth at the same time and hadn't changed since.Through his careful observation，he began to think 7.differently (different)．When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands，he noticed that there was a difference between the beaks of the finches on each of the islands according to what food was available on that particular island.So he thought they must have evolved from a common ancestor，and they had evolved to adapt 8.to the environment. Darwin based his new ideas on his observation and generated his theory of 9.evolution (evolve)．The book，On the Origin of Species，explained his theory,10.causing (cause) a heated storm of debate.Today，it is still regarded as one of the most important works ever written. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$