Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Using language(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

Section Ⅱ　Using language 一、动词不定式作表语 1．用法 (1)动词不定式在系动词后面作表语通常是对主语进行解释或表示目的和计划。主语常常是：task，job，work，step，intention，aim，choice，decision，idea，plan，purpose，wish等。 ◆His wish is to be a doctor in the future. 他的愿望是将来当一名医生。 ◆(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score. 他的工作是坐在钢琴家旁边，翻阅乐谱。 (2)不定式作表语时，还可以表示预计将要发生的动作。 ◆The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天学生们将在学校大门口见面。 (3)当主语为what引导的名词性从句，表示将来特定的某一次动作时，常用不定式作表语。 ◆What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 我会建议把会议推迟。 2．动词不定式作表语省略to的情况 当不定式作表语时，一般情况下不定式中的to不能省略，但当主语部分含有从句且从句谓语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式常省略to。 ◆What I want to do most in senior high school is (to) improve my English. 我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。 [即时演练1]——完成句子 (1)人生重要的事是有一个伟大的目标，以及实现它的决心。 The important thing in life is to have a great aim，and the determination to attain it. (2)教育的目的是发展儿童完美的品格。 The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children. (3)我们需要做的就是充满激情地过好每一天。 All we need to do is (to) live each day with passion. 二、动词­ing形式作表语 动词­ing形式分为动名词和现在分词两类。动名词兼有动词和名词的特征和作用，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语；现在分词兼有动词、形容词和副词的特征，可在句中充当定语、表语、宾补和状语。 1．动名词作表语 作表语的动名词所体现的是名词的特征，用于对主语的内容进行解释说明，往往表示主语所具有的特征且主语和表语可以换位。 ◆My job is teaching you English.(＝Teaching you English is my job.) 我的工作是教你们英语。 ◆What I hate most is being laughed at in public. ＝Being laughed at in public is what I hate most. 我最痛恨的就是在公共场合被别人嘲笑。 2．现在分词作表语 现在分词作表语往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等，主语和表语不可换位。 ◆The flowers look especially charming after the rain. 雨后这些花看上去特别迷人。 ◆His performance is very entertaining，which brings us much pleasure. 他的表演非常有趣，给我们带来很大的乐趣。 3．动名词作表语与动词不定式作表语的区别 动名词作表语表示一般性的动作；动词不定式作表语表示一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。 ◆My job is cleaning the house three times a week. 我的工作是每周打扫三次房子。 ◆Today what he wants to do is(to) paint. 今天他想要做的事是画画。 [即时演练2]——用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)My task is to clean (clean) the classroom this afternoon. (2)The correct way of learning is combining (combine) theory with practice. (3)(2022·全国甲卷) From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises，the whole experience was amazing (amaze)． 三、动词­ed形式作表语 1．动词­ed可放在连系动词be、become、feel、get、look、remain、seem等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。 ◆They were so worried that they started awake all night. 他们如此担心，以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。 ◆We were amazed at what he said at the meeting. 我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。 2．动词­ed形式作表语时与被动语态的区别： 动词­ed形式作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。 ◆The library is now closed.(状态) 图书馆现在关闭了。 ◆The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.(动作) 昨天我的妹妹把杯子打碎了。 3．动词­ed形式与现在分词作表语的区别： 动词­ed形式作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等，常译作“感到……的”；现在分词作表语多表示事物具有的特性，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物，常译作“令人……的”。常用的这类词有： exciting　令人激动的 excited 激动的；兴奋的 astonishing 令人惊讶的 astonished 惊讶的 delighting 令人高兴的 delighted 高兴的 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的 encouraged 受到鼓舞的 frightening 令人害怕的 frightened 吓坏了的 interesting 令人感兴趣的 interested 感兴趣的 moving 感人的；令人感动的 moved 受感动的 pleasing 令人满意的 pleased 满意的 shocking 令人震惊的 shocked 感到震惊的 tiring 令人劳累的 tired 感到劳累的 worrying 令人担心的 worried 感到担心的 satisfying 令人满意的 satisfied 感到满意的 puzzling 令人迷惑的 puzzled 感到迷惑的 [即时演练3]——用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)(2022·浙江卷1月) I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do，but I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day，and still feel happy and relaxed (relax)． (2)His words were discouraging，which made many people discouraged.(discourage) (3)The news was very exciting.After hearing the news，we felt quite excited.(excite) [核心词汇] contrast n.反差，对比 vt.对比；对照 vi.形成对照 [经典例句]There is an obvious contrast between the cultures in the East and the West. 东西方文化之间存在着明显的差异。 (1)make a contrast with　与……做对比 in contrast with/to　与……对比起来，与……形成对比 by contrast　相比而言 (2)contrast...with/and...　把……与……相对比 contrast with sb/sth　与某人/某物形成对比 [练通]——补全句子 (1)In contrast with/to the past (与过去相比)，they are generally more careful and considerate. (2)Most people work because it's unavoidable.By contrast (相比之下)，there are some people who actually enjoy work. [写美]——续写佳句之肖像描写 (3)他是一个年老的农民，花白的头发与黝黑的皮肤形成鲜明的对比。 He is an old farmer，whose grey hair makes a sharp contrast with/contrasts sharply with his dark skin. [重点句型] It is/was not until...that... (教材原句) It wasn't until we went on a trip to The Hague last year that this dream came true! 直到去年我们去海牙旅行，这个梦想才实现！ (1)not...until...句型的强调句式为It is/was not until...that... (2)not...until...意为“直到……才……”，引导时间状语从句；until用于肯定句中，表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止 (3)在not...until...句型结构中，可以把not until提到句首，此时主句用部分倒装语序，即“Not until＋从句＋助动词/系动词＋主语＋其他成分……” [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)The voice became louder and louder until David dragged his leg，passing the terminal. (2)It was not until I settled down and lived in Beijing that I had a chance to pay a visit to the Great Wall. [写美]——句式升级 (3)I didn't realize how important working with my own hands was until I took part in the picking activity. →It wasn't until I took part in the picking activity that I realized how important working with my own hands was.(强调句) →Not until I took part in the picking activity did I realize how important working with my own hands was.(倒装句) Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．(2021·浙江卷6月) Leslie Nielsen's devotion to acting is wonderfully　inspiring (inspire)． 2．(2021·天津卷3月) I felt bored (bore)．No energy，no motivation and zero fulfillment (fulfill)． 3．As is known to all，travelling is interesting (interest)，but we often feel tired (tire) when we are back from the journey. 4．It was a really terrifying (terrify) experience.Afterwards，everybody was very shocked (shock)． 5．The goal of the project is to examine (examine) in detail how tornadoes are formed and the kinds of damage they cause. 6．My chief purpose is to point (point) out the difficulties of the matter. 7．We were shocked (shock) to hear that the missing pet was found dead at midnight. 8．What squirrels can do is (to) store (store) all kinds of food before the winter comes. 9．All the people there thought the car driver was to blame (blame) for this accident. 10．The teacher's explanation of the problem was so confusing (confuse) that most of us couldn't understand. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．窗户坏了，据说是汤姆昨天打坏的。 The window is broken.It is said that it was broken by Tom yesterday. 2．我从他脸上可以看出，他对我所做的一切很满意。 I could tell from his face that he was satisfied with what I had done. 3．形势如此令人担忧，应该立刻采取措施。 The situation is so worrying that measures should be taken at once. 4．他的业余爱好是在业余时间读书。 His hobby is reading books in his spare time. 5．我现在唯一想做的事就是躺下好好休息一下。 The only thing I want to do now is (to) lie down and have a good rest. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2021·天津卷) We seek people who are patient and caring (care)，and who have experience and interest in working with older adults. 2．Our achievements in the fight against this disease are very encouraging (encourage) to other countries. 3．What the old couple did was really puzzling (puzzle) for most of us. 4．It was disappointing (disappoint) that some of our students didn't finish the race. 5．The purpose of the activity is to raise (raise) people's awareness of environment protection. 6．As a student in senior high school，the most important task is to study (study) hard，which determines his future. 7．If you chat with the pop singer，you will be amazed (amaze) at how good he is at telling jokes. 8．Her hobby is collecting (collect) some nice cards from her friends. 9．Yesterday we were deeply moved (move) by the opening ceremony of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games directed by Zhang Yimou. 10．Climbing is tiring and we are tired after a day's climbing.(tire) Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．我的愿望是成为一名像爱因斯坦那样的科学家。 My wish is to become a scientist like Einstein. 2．老师对我给出的问题答案很满意。 The teacher was pleased with my answer to the question. 3．这部电影如此感人，以至于观众感动得流下了眼泪。 The film was so moving that the audience were moved to tears. 4．她每天做的事情就是回复电子邮件。 What she did every day was answering the emails. 5．(2021·天津卷3月) 我们要做的就是完成最后一点工作。 All we have to do is (to) finish the last bit of work. Ⅲ.用语篇练语法 Tom's hobby was 1.smoking (smoke)．He likes reading newspapers because it was 2.interesting (interest)．He felt 3.astonished (astonish) when he read a newspaper about lung cancer.What he wanted to do was 4.(to) give (give) up smoking at once.But sometimes he remained 5.puzzled (puzzle) if he should continue or give up.So he got 6.changed (change) and went to a hospital to find a doctor for help，who showed him some 7.frightening (frighten) pictures of lung who smoked heavily.So he was 8.determined (determine) to stop smoking and followed the doctor's advice.Now his part­time job is 9.to educate (educate) people about health and he finds the work is very 10.rewarding (reward)． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$