Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版）

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas 语料积累 原文呈现 课文译文 ①human behaviour人类行为 behaviour n．[U]行为，举止 ②medieval[ˌmedi'iːv(ə)l] adj.中世纪的，中古时期的 ③be filled with...＝be full of...充满…… ④throw light on使(问题等) 较容易理解 ⑤emotive[ɪ'məʊtɪv]adj.使情绪激动的 emotion n．[C，U]情感，情绪 ⑥issue n．[C]问题；(杂志或报刊的) 期vt.公布；出版 environmental issues环境问题 ⑦be remembered for...因为……而被铭记 ⑧combine...with...把……与……结合起来 ⑨mischievous['mɪstʃɪvəs]adj.调皮的，淘气的 ⑩classic adj.经典的 n．[C]经典作品 classical adj.古典的 ⑪cross out划掉，删掉(错字) ⑫remark[rɪ'mɑːk]n.[C]言论；意见，评论vi. & vt.评论 make remarks about sth＝remark on sth就某事发表评论 ⑬interaction[ˌɪntər'æktʃ(ə)n]n.[U，C]交流 interact[ˌɪntər'ækt]vi.交流，沟通，合作；相互影响，相互作用 interact with sb/sth与某人沟通；与某物相互作用 ⑭a barber's shop理发店 barber['bɑːbə]n.[C]男理发师 ⑮shave[ʃeɪv]n.[C]& vi. & vt.刮脸，刮胡子 get/have a shave刮脸 ⑯recognise vt.认出；承认；(正式) 认可 recognise...as...承认/认可……是…… recognition n．[U]识别；[usually sing.，U]承认 ⑰response n．[C，U](口头的或书面的) 回答，答复；反应，响应 respond vt. & vi.回答 vi.作出反应 make a response to＝respond to对……作出反应/回复 ⑱just one's luck(对自己的遭遇并不惊讶) 常不走运，就这运气 ⑲fellow['feləʊ]n.[C]男人；家伙 ⑳lecture[熟词生义]vi.(尤指在大学里) 开讲座，讲授，讲课 brand of humour某种类型的幽默 brand[brænd]n.[C]类型；品牌，牌子 bilingual[ˌbaɪ'lɪɡwəl]adj.双语的 bilingual dictionaries双语词典 the concept of...……的概念 concept['kɒnsept]n.[C]概念，观念 master n．[C]能手，擅长……者 a master of humour幽默大师 spot[spɒt]n.[C]地点，处所 put sb on the spot(故意提出难以回答或尴尬的问题) 使某人难堪 tourist spots旅游景点 think on one's feet思维敏捷，反应迅速 cruel['kruːəl]adj.残忍的 cruelty['kruːəlti]n.[U](尤指蓄意的) 残酷，残忍，残暴；[C，usually pl.]残暴的行为 feed...to...把……喂给…… whisper['wɪspə]vt. & vi.悄声说，低语n.[C]耳语(声)，低语(声) hurry away匆匆离去 astonished adj.感到惊讶的 astonish vt.使吃惊 astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 astonishment n．[U]惊讶 roar with laughter放声大笑 roar[rɔː]v.哄笑，大笑 gently['dʒentli]adv.温和地；轻柔地 gentle adj.温柔的；温和的 tell off斥责，责骂 illuminate[ɪ'luːmɪneɪt]vt.阐明，解释；照亮，照明 equation[ɪ'kweɪʒ(ə)n]n.[C]等式，方程式 wisdom n．[U]智慧，才智 complicated['kɒmplɪkeɪtɪd]adj.难处理的；难懂的 in the words of...用……的话说 The Importance of Humour Humour has been an essential part of human behaviour① for thousands of years.There is comedy in the texts of Ancient Greece，and medieval② writings are filled with③ jokes.[1]While these same jokes might not be as funny to us now as they were then，their authors understood that humour could not only entertain but also throw new light on④ sensitive or emotive⑤ issues⑥. [1]此句中连词While引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然、尽管”；在该状语从句中又包含一个as引导的比较状语从句；that humour...issues为that引导的宾语从句，其中not only...but also...连接并列谓语。 Closer to modern times，someone who is remembered for⑦ his ability to combine humour with⑧ more serious messages is American writer，Mark Twain.Twain's particular style of writing is funny and often mischievous⑨.For example，in his classic⑩ novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer，he famously says，“Writing is easy.[2]All you have to do is cross out⑪ the wrong words.” But he is equally well known for his witty remarks⑫ in his everyday interactions⑬ with people.For instance，[3]while on a lecturing tour of the United States, Twain went into a barber's shop⑭ to get a haircut and a shave⑮.The barber，[4]not recognising⑯ him, asked if he had a ticket to the lecture.When Twain replied that he didn't，the barber told him that if he wanted to go to the event he would have to stand，as there were no seats left in the theatre.Twain's response⑰ was，“That's just my luck⑱.I always have to stand when that fellow⑲ lectures⑳！” [2]此句中不定代词All作主语；“you have to do”是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词all。由于修饰主语的定语从句中含有实义动词do，所以作表语的动词不定式to cross out可省略to。 [3]此处是“连词＋介词短语”结构，可看作是时间状语从句“while he was on a lecturing tour of the United States”的省略形式。while在此意为“在……期间”。 [4]此处为v.­ing短语not recognising him作后置定语，修饰The barber，recognise与The barber之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。 Like Twain，but on the other side of the world，Lin Yutang was soon [5]to become famous for his unique brand of humour .A well­known bilingual writer，Lin brought the concept of humour to modern Chinese literature.In 1924，he creatively borrowed “youmo” from Ancient Chinese as the translation for the English word “humour”．“Youmo” is still being used in this way today. [5]此处为动词不定式短语to become...humour作表语，构成“be to do”结构，表示注定要发生的事情。 Lin's quick wit helped make him famous as a master of humour.Once，[6]having been invited to dinner at a university, he was put on the spot when the president suddenly asked him to give a speech.[7]Thinking on his feet ，Lin started to tell a story about a cruelRoman emperor who tried to feed a man to wild animals.[8]First came a lion. The man whispered something in the lion's ear，[9]after which the lion shook its head and walked away unhappily.Then along came a tiger.Again，the man whispered in the tiger's ear.The tiger looked shocked and hurried away.“What did you say to my animals？” said the emperor，astonished.“I told them they had to make a speech after eating me for dinner.” Lin's audience roared with laughter.With this little joke，Lin was able to make people laugh，[10]while gently telling off the president. [6]此处为v.­ing短语“having been invited...university”作时间状语，表示被邀请吃晚饭的动作发生在被要求做演讲之前。 [7]此句中v.­ing短语“Thinking on his feet”作状语。 [8]“First came a lion.”和下文中的“Then along came a tiger.”都是全部倒装句。 [9]此处是“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。 [10]此处是“连词＋现在分词”结构，可看作是时间状语从句“while he was gently telling off the president”的省略形式。while在此意为“与……同时”。 Both Twain and Lin understood that humour isn't just about laughter，but is a way of life and a tool that can be used to illuminate the world.Lin even created an equation to explain this concept：Reality＋Dreams＋Humour＝Wisdom.[11]Living and working with others can sometimes be complicated，and humour makes this easier.Sharing jokes and laughing together can bring individuals and even communities together.Indeed，some may argue that our need for humour is almost as great as our need for water and air.In the words of Mark Twain，“Humor is mankind's greatest blessing”． [11]此处是v.­ing短语作主语。 幽默的重要性 几千年来，幽默一直是人类行为的重要组成部分。古希腊的文字记载中有喜剧，中世纪的作品中也充满了笑话。虽然这些同样的笑话现在对我们来说可能不像当时那么有趣，但它们的作者明白幽默不仅可以娱乐，还可以为敏感问题或易引起激烈争论的问题提供新的视角。 近现代时期，有一个人以能将幽默和更严肃的信息相结合而著称，这个人就是美国作家马克·吐温。马克·吐温独特的写作风格有趣而诙谐。例如，在他的经典小说《汤姆·索亚历险记》中，他有句名言：“写作容易。你所要做的就是把错误的单词划掉。”但他也同样因日常人际交往中的风趣言辞而闻名。例如，有一次在美国巡回演讲时，马克·吐温走进一家理发店理发和刮脸。理发师没有认出他，问他有没有那场演讲的票。当马克·吐温回答说没有时，理发师告诉他，如果他想去参加那个活动他必须站着，因为剧院里没有剩余的座位了。 马克·吐温回答道：“我总是这样倒霉。当那个家伙开讲座时，我总是站着！” 在世界的另一端，像吐温一样，林语堂很快因其独具一格的幽默而出名。作为一名著名的双语作家，林语堂将幽默的概念引入了中国现代文学。1924年，他创造性地借用古代汉语中的“幽默”一词作为英语单词“humour”的翻译。现在“幽默”一词仍在以这种方式被人们使用。 林语堂的才思敏捷为他成为著名的幽默大师而助力。有一次，他应邀到一所大学参加晚宴，当校长突然要求他做个演讲时，他顿觉尴尬。思维敏捷的林语堂开始讲述一个残忍的罗马皇帝试图将一个人喂给野兽的故事。首先来的是一头狮子。那人在狮子耳边低声说了些什么，然后狮子摇摇头，不高兴地走开了。接着来了一只老虎。那人又在老虎耳边低声说了些什么。老虎看起来很震惊，急忙走开了。“你对我的动物们说了什么？”皇帝惊讶地说。“我告诉它们，把我作为晚餐吃掉后，它们得做个演讲。”林语堂的听众放声大笑。林语堂用这个小笑话让人们开怀大笑，同时也委婉地责怪了那位校长。 马克·吐温和林语堂都明白幽默不仅仅是笑，还是一种生活方式和一种可以用来阐明世界的工具。 林语堂甚至创造了一个等式来解释这个概念：现实＋梦想＋幽默＝智慧。与他人一起生活和工作有时并不是一件容易的事，而幽默可以让这变得更容易。分享笑话并一起欢笑可以把个人甚至团体团结起来。事实上，有些人甚至会认为我们对幽默的需求几乎与我们对水和空气的需求一样强烈。用马克·吐温的话说就是：“幽默是人类头等的幸事”。 Ⅰ.重点单词 核心单词 1．fame n．名声，名誉 2．remark n．言论；意见，评论 3．shave n．刮脸，刮胡子 4．fellow n．男人；家伙 5．concept n．概念，观念 6．spot n．地点，处所 7．whisper v．悄声说，低语 8．complicated adj.难处理的；难懂的 拓展单词 9．interaction n．交流→interact v．相互作用；交流；合作 10．cruel adj.残忍的→cruelty n．残忍，残酷 11．gently adv.温和地；轻柔地→gentle adj.温和的；文雅的 12．conclude v．结束，终止→conclusion n．结论 13．composer n．作曲家→compose vt.作曲；创作 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．throw light on 使(某事) 显得非常清楚；使人了解(某事) 2．brand of humour 某种类型的幽默 3．put sb on the spot(故意提出难以回答或尴尬的问题) 使某人难堪 4．think on one's feet头脑反应很快 5．hurry away 匆匆离去 6．roar with laughter 哄堂大笑 7．tell off 斥责，责骂 8．fall behind 不能按时完成(工作) Ⅲ.重点句式 1．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 His informal but sophisticated style of writing，in both Chinese and English，made him one of the most influential writers of his generation (使他成为他那一代最有影响力的作家之一)． 2．while引导让步状语从句 While these same jokes might not be as funny to us now as they were then (虽然这些同样的笑话现在对我们来说可能不像当时那么有趣)，their authors understood that humour could not only entertain but also throw new light on sensitive or emotive issues. 3．不定式作表语 All you have to do is cross out the wrong words (把错误的单词划掉)． 4．the way＋定语从句 In my opinion，the funniest thing about Charlie Chaplin was the way he walked (他走路的方式) when he was acting as the Tramp，who is his most famous character. Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer. 1．According to the description in the second paragraph，which of the following best describes Mark Twain? A．Humourous and stubborn. B．Arrogant and intelligent. C．Witty and humourous. D．Strong and tireless. 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3? A．Lin Yutang likes Mark Twain very much. B．Lin Yutang is well known for his particular style of humour. C．Lin Yutang created the English word “humour”． D．Lin Yutang created the Chinese word “youmo”． 3．Which of the following can be true of Lin Yutang? A．He is creative and quick­witted. B．He was able to talk with animals. C．He borrowed many words from Ancient Chinese literature. D．He was respected by Mark Twain. 4．Why did Mark Twain think “Humor is mankind's greatest blessing”？ A．Humour was able to make people laugh. B．Humour separates people from their enemies. C．Humour is almost as great as our need for water and air. D．Humour helped him a lot when he wrote his novels. 答案　1—4 CBAC [核心词汇] 1．spot n.地点，处所 vt.发现；弄脏 [经典例句]We haven't made a choice as to a spot for a picnic this Sunday. 我们还没有决定这个星期天去野餐的地方。 (1)on the spot　当场；马上；在现场 put sb on the spot　使某人难堪 (2)spot sb doing sth　发现某人正在做某事 (3)spotted adj.　有斑点的；有圆点的 be spotted with　满是……斑点；点缀着…… [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)I looked around and finally spotted (spot) David，who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. (2)I felt proud to spot my two kids helping (help) an old man cross the street. [写美]——应用文佳句之活动介绍 (3)将会有著名的艺术家在现场表演如何剪纸。 There will be famous artists who will perform how to cut paper on the spot. 2.whisper v．悄声说，低语 n.耳语，低语 (教材原句) The man whispered something in the lion's ear，after which the lion shook its head and walked away unhappily.那人在狮子耳边低声说了些什么，然后狮子摇摇头，不高兴地走开了。 (1)whisper sth to sb　把某事悄悄告诉某人 whisper (sth) in one's ear　在某人耳旁小声说(某事) (2)in a whisper/in whispers　低声地 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)Nervously facing challenges，I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”． (2)We had to talk with each other in whispers，for the others were sleeping. [写美]——续写佳句之动作描写 (3)为了不被周围的人听见，汤姆在我的耳边低语。 In order not to be heard by people around，Tom whispered in my ear. 3.conclude v．结束，终止 vt.作出结论；推断出 [经典例句]From these observations we conclude that the moon has little or no atmosphere. 根据这些观察，我们推断出月球有很少或根本没有大气层。 (1)conclude from...　从……中推断出 conclude...　以(做) ……结束…… (2)conclusion n．　结论；结束 arrive at/come to/reach/draw a conclusion　得出结论 in conclusion　总而言之；最后 [练通]——单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)He concluded his speech with a famous saying，“Where there is a will，there is a way.” (2)Learning foreign languages calls for your memory，time，patience，and emotion.In conclusion (总之)，it's not a simple thing. [写美]——一句多译 (3)我从自己的经历中得出结论：“没有付出就没有收获。” ①I concluded from my own experience，“No pains，no gains.”(conclude) ②I came to/reached/arrived at/drew a conclusion from my own experience，“No pains，no gains.”(conclusion) 4.fall behind 不能按时完成(工作)；落后 (教材原句) When a bee starts circling around Charlie's face，he falls behind with his work. 当一只蜜蜂围着查理的脸转来转去时，他的工作被耽误了。 fall behind with　没有及时做，拖欠(付款) fall apart　破裂；崩溃 fall over　被……绊倒；摔倒 fall on　适逢(某日) fall off　跌落；数量减少；质量下降 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)I was unlucky to slip on a banana skin and fell over last night. (2)The newly built bridge fell apart because it was not strong enough to support heavy lorries. (3)When you are learning to ride a bicycle，you often fall off . [写美]——应用文佳句之节日介绍 (4)顾名思义，中秋节是在农历八月十五。 The Mid­Autumn Festival，as the name suggests，falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month. [重点句型] 1．while引导让步状语从句 (教材原句) While these same jokes might not be as funny to us now as they were then，their authors understood that humour could not only entertain but also throw new light on sensitive or emotive issues. 虽然这些同样的笑话现在对我们来说可能不像当时那么有趣了，但它们的作者明白，幽默不仅可以娱乐，而且可以对敏感或情绪问题有新的启示。 (1)while意为“尽管；虽然”时，引导让步状语从句。 (2)while意为“当……时候”时，引导时间状语从句。 (3)while意为“然而，可是”时，连接两个并列句，表示对比关系。 [练通]——写出下列句中while的含义 (1)(2022·全国乙卷) The percent of the students who listen to English songs is as high as 65%.50% of them watch English movies while only 18% read English books.然而，可是 (2)While travelling can broaden your mind，I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.尽管；虽然 (3)While working，I realized how hard it was to work in the fields under the hot sun.当……时候 [写美]——应用文佳句之邀请信 (4)参观展览的时候，我们不仅可以欣赏民间艺术品，而且会学到很多东西。 While (we are) visiting this exhibition，we will not only enjoy the folk art works but also learn a lot. 2.不定式作表语 (教材原句) All you have to do is cross out the wrong words. 你所要做的就是把错误的单词划掉。 (1)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明的作用； (2)主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时，作表语的可省略不定式符号to。 [练通]——单句语法填空 (1)What we can do now is (to) take (take) immediate action to reduce pollution. (2)The purpose of education is to develop (develop) a fine personality in children. [写美]——续写佳句之动作描写 (3)杰克想做的第一件事就是飞奔回家告诉他父母这个好消息。 The first thing that Jack wanted to do was (to) rush home and tell his parents the good news. Ⅰ.教材语块必备 1．acquire fame 获得名声 2．in particular 尤其；特别 3．regard...as 把……视作；认为……是 4．fill(sth) with 使(某物) 充满…… 5．combine...with/and 使……与……结合/混合； 兼备…… 6．a classic novel 经典小说 7．cross out 删掉；删去 8．an interaction with 与……交流/互动 9．a master of humour 幽默大师 10．give a speech 发表演讲 11．wild animals 野生动物 12．feed sth to sb/sth 用某物喂养某人/某物 13．shake one's head 摇头 14．bring A and B together 使双方言和；使双方和好 Ⅱ.单词拼写/完成句子 1．If this fellow (同伴) participant is going to eat more，so will I. 2．Not everyone understands the concept (概念) that everyone should have an equal opportunity. 3．The United Kingdom is one of the most interesting places in the world to visit，having about 6,400 scenic spots (地点)． 4．All we need to do is (to) live each day happily (开心地过好每一天)． 5．I've come to/reached/drawn the conclusion that (得出结论) he's not the right person for the job. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．(2021·浙江卷6月) As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese，the concept (概念) doesn't work if one doesn't understand it. 2．John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers (作曲家) of the year. 3．The famous doctor died，but his fame (名声) will live on after him. 4．They are whispering (低语) to each other for fear that they would wake up the sleeping child. 5．With a 3D printer，a cook can print complicated (复杂的) chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. 6．Many Chinese brands (品牌)，having developed their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market. 7．They conclude (推断出) that the results need to be repeated in a larger study. 8．People often think of gossipers as harmless，but cruel (残酷的) lies can cause pain. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．As the small boat moved gently (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. 2．They discussed the problem for a whole day，but they couldn't arrive at a conclusion (conclude)． 3．When I saw them whispering (whisper) to each other，I knew there was something funny going on. 4．He spotted a man entering (enter) the spot where a heated discussion was on. 5．Shelly was one of the those kids who were always getting told off because of being late for school. 6．The more complicated (complicate) the task is，the more likely you fail to finish it. 7．One will fall behind the times if one does not acquire new knowledge in time. 8．Jim left the office hurriedly, remarking (remark) that he had some important work to do. 9．This area had laws against cruelty (cruel) to animals but none to protect children. 10．Please keep calm and the police will throw light on the cause of the fire. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．互联网使朋友和家人能够很容易地保持联系，即使他们在世界的两端。(make＋宾语＋宾补) The Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world. 2．尽管网络学习证明是有用的，但也存在一些缺点。(while) While online learning proves useful，there exist some disadvantages. 3．渴望知道中国传统文化的哪些方面最吸引人，所以我写信来征求你的宝贵意见。(形容词短语作状语) Eager to know which aspects of traditional Chinese culture most appealing，I am writing to ask for your valuable advice. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Humour has been an essential part of human 1.behaviour (behave) for thousands of years.Medieval writings are filled with jokes，which might not be as funny to us now as they were then.But their authors 2.understood (understand) that humour could not only entertain，but also throw new light 3.on sensitive or emotive issues. Of all the writers in modern times，the 4.most typical (typical) humorists are Mark Twain and Lin Yutang.The former is an American novelist，5.who is famous for his particular style of writing—funny and often mischievous，while the latter，a bilingual writer，is well­known for his unique brand of humour.Lin 6.creatively (creative) borrowed “youmo” from Ancient Chinese as the translation for “humour”．Meanwhile，both of them 7.are remembered (remember) for their witty and humorous 8.remarks (remark) in the everyday interactions with people. Humour plays 9.an important part in our life.10.Sharing (share) jokes and laughing together can bring individuals and even communities together.Some people argue that our need for humour is almost as great as our need for water and air.In the words of Mark Twain，“Humor is mankind's greatest blessing.” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$