精品解析：江苏省常州高级中学2023-2024学年高二下学期3月阶段考试英语试题

江苏省常州高级中学 2023~2024学年第二学期高二年级阶段质量检测 英语试卷 2024.3 第一部分 听力测试 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共5 小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。 1 What was the man doing when the phone rang? A. Taking a shower. B. Cleaning the floor. C. Doing the laundry. 2. How long can the man keep the book? A. For three weeks. B. For two weeks. C. For one week. 3. What will the speakers do first? A. Have a cup of tea. B. Watch the dolphin show. C. See the elephants. 4. Why is the man happy? A. He got a good evaluation. B. He received an award for his work. C. He learned some interpersonal skills. 5. What are the speakers talking about in general? A. A CD of Johnny Holden. B. A present for Molly. C. A musician. 第二节 (共15 小题; 每小题1.5 分, 满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有 5 秒钟来阅读各个小题；听完后，每个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答6至 7 题。 6. How did Jim get hurt? A. He was kicked by a boy. B. He was hit by a football. C. He fell down on the ground. 7. When can Jim play sports again? A. In 48 hours. B. In 4 days. C. In a month. 听第7段材料，回答第8至 9题。 8 What color shirts does the man's team get? A. Yellow. B. Green. C. White. 9. What will the woman do next? A. Go to the man's house. B. Collect the new football shirts. C. Have the basketball shirts changed. 听第8段材料，回答第10至 12题。 10. Who is the woman? A. A policewoman. B. A doctor. C. The man's classmate. 11 What is the man worried about? A. His broken arm. B. The coming exams. C. The wound in his leg. 12. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a classroom. B. In a hospital. C. In the street. 听第9段材料, 回答第13 至 16题。 13. How long has Louise been working at the center? A. About six months. B. About one year. C. About two years. 14. How did Louise feel when she started working at the center? A. Excited. B. Nervous. C. Confident. 15. What does Louise enjoy doing most about working with children? A. Seeing them have a lot of fun. B. Thinking of new things for them to do. C. Helping the less able ones achieve more. 16. What does Louise say about working at night? A. It's a necessary part of the job. B. It's something that she enjoys. C. It's unfair for her to do it. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What is the exhibition about this year? A. Star posters. B. Railway posters. C. Holiday posters. 18. How long will the exhibition last a day? A. Seven hours. B. Six hours. C. Five hours. 19. What does the speaker suggest people do? A. Watch Alan Brown's films on TV. B. Get tickets for the exhibition in advance. C. Book seats for the Rose Garden immediately. 20. Where can people make a reservation for Detective in the Shadows? A. At Town Hall. B. At the Arts Center Cinema. C. At the Tourist Center. 第二部分 阅读理解(每题2.5分，共50分) 第一节 (共15 小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A English Score Tutors is the British Council’s one-to-one tutoring platform for 13-to 19-year-olds. Learn at your own pace Sessions on English Score Tutors are tailored to your level, needs and goals. Together with your chosen tutor, you will create a learning plan that focuses on the areas important to you. Our tutors will get the best from you because each session is tailored to you as an individual. You’re in control You decide what to focus on with your expert tutor. ●Improve your confidence in speaking English. ●Practice real-life English with topics that interest you. ●Develop conversation skills to help you socialize in English. ●Prepare for an English exam. Flexible learning Choose sessions at times that suit you. Fit them in around school, weekend activities and holidays, so that you can learn when you want to. You will get access to a dashboard to keep track of your progress any time. $1 introduction session We offer a 30-minute introduction session where you can choose a tutor and get a feel for how sessions will work. After this introduction session, you can decide if you would like to purchase a pack of lessons to continue learning. Try your first session for just $1. ●Choose a tutor that you would like to study with. ●Understand your current language level and areas where you can improve. ●Get a personalized learning plan. We can’t wait to welcome you and help you get closer to your dreams. 1. What is the feature of English Score Tutors? A. It provides special group learning projects. B. It offers personalized tutoring services to teens. C. It is intended for advanced English learners. D. It focuses on spoken English practice. 2. Which of the following can you decide with your chosen tutor? A. Test modes. B. Weekend activities. C. Learning focus. D. Teaching material. 3. Why is the introduction session set up? A. To assess where your strengths lie. B. To help you decide whether to buy the lessons. C. To give you direct access to expert tutors. D. To improve your current language level. B Geothermal (地热的) power generation is one of our most stable renewable energy resources. Heat generated below the Earth’s surface can provide an almost unlimited supply to power and heat homes. And while geothermal electricity only accounts for around one percent of global generation, that is set to at least triple by 2050. The Geysers in California is the world’s largest geothermal electricity complex. It produces enough electricity from its 18 power plants for 725,000 homes, totaling 20 percent of the state’s renewable energy. Superheated“dry steam” is channeled from a large sandstone reservoir heated by a large magma chamber (岩浆房) more than four miles beneath the surface. Heat is captured from its passage through the rock and the heated water converts into electricity. Cooled water is then recycled and pumped back to gather more heat. EGS (enhanced geothermal systems) technologies will open up many more sites for geothermal energy.“You can effectively put a power plant anywhere,” said Will Pettit, director of the Geothermal Resources Council. “All you have to do is drill deep enough and you will find hot rock.” Most geothermal plants actually use a flash steam technique, where hot water(at 360F or 180C)is drawn up, passed into lower pressure tanks and flashed into steam to power a turbine (涡轮机).Binary cycle (双元循环) plants are the growth technology because they can operate at lower water temperatures and more diverse geographical locations. They use moderately hot water to heat a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point—as low as 135F—to drive turbines. Geothermal plants already emit 11 times less carbon dioxide per unit of electricity than the average US coal power plant. They can also operate 24 hours a day to provide a solid base load for homes and businesses. There are drawbacks too. Seismic activity around drilling wells is a factor. High investment costs are another. But the US government is backing the sector with multi-million do llar funds to push forward advanced EGS research. Geothermal energy is set to play a big part in the low-carbon electricity future. 4. What is the significance of EGS (enhanced geothermal systems) technologies? A. They have made geothermal energy less sustainable. B. They allow for more efficient use of geothermal resources. C. They have greatly reduced the need for drilling in geothermal sites. D. They have opened up new methods of generating electricity from water. 5. What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A. Power plants are not affected by water. B. Hot water is used to power a turbine directly. C. Binary cycle plants are less restricted to locations. D. A flash steam technique is a must in geothermal plants. 6. What is the writer's attitude towards geothermal power? A Indifferent. B. Ambiguous. C. Pessimistic. D. Optimistic. 7. What is the main idea of the article? A. Geothermal power is likely to be a great chance to sustainable power. B. Traditional power has been replaced by geothermal power in America. C. Businesses have been competing to gain an advantage in geothermal power. D. EGS technologies have come into widespread application around the world. C There are many differences in ways of thinking between East and West. Many of them are reflected in daily behaviour. In particular, Chinese people sometimes attach more importance to their appearance and social status than to their inner qualities, while Westerners think the opposite. However, Socrates (Ancient Greek philosopher) and Confucius share significant similarities that are universal. Both philosophers share several teachings in common; for example, their understanding of the nature of knowledge and their opinions on education. Socrates believed “There is only one good, knowledge;and only one evil, ignorance.” Similarly, Confucius said, “Isn’t it a pleasure to study and practice what you have learned?” But both also acknowledge the limits of knowledge. Socrates said: “All I know is that I know nothing.” Similarly, Confucius said, “When you know a thing, to hold you know it; when you don’t know a thing, to allow you don’t know it-this is knowledge.” However, there are important differences in their understanding of morality. Confucius believed each person should follow certain regulations according to virtue(德行). Everyone should play their role in a society where people are interdependent in order to achieve harmony in the whole society. For instance, when asked how to govern a country, Confucius stated “An emperor should act like an emperor, a subject should act like a subject.” Socrates, however, places self-knowledge over social knowledge. Another difference between them is their attitude towards political domination(支配). Confucius believed the best way to govern a country isn’t through legal system, but through virtue. Socrates, by contrast, declared that “nothing is more important than justice”. Why have East and West developed such different cultural values? A widely accepted theory holds that Eastern civilization was an agricultural civilization. Hence the need for a collective society and friendly relations with neighbors was strong. Western civilization, however, was nomadic(游牧的). Their mobility makes them less dependent on society after migration. In spite of their differences, the two cultures have more in common than differences. The shared concern for moral values in the teachings of Socrates and Confucius also shows us more fundamental similarities between Eastern and Western cultures in their pursuit of virtuous lives. 8. What do the two philosophers share about knowledge? A. The learning of knowledge is easy. B. The learning of knowledge is endless. C. A man without knowledge is foolish. D. A man shall not pretend to understand. 9. Which of the following reflects the thoughts of Confucius in terms of morality? A. Nothing is more important than a legal system. B. I am not a Chinese, but a citizen of the world. C. Not everyone should play his own role in society. D. A man does what is proper to the position he is in. 10. What is the root cause of the differences between Eastern and Western cultural values? A. The difference in political atmosphere. B. The difference in the length of history. C. The difference in economic development. D. The difference in levels of social dependency. 11. What is the passage mainly about? A. Reasons for similarities of Eastern and Western cultures. B. The introduction of great figures of two different cultures. C. Comparisons of the thoughts of the two great philosophers. D. The contributions of two great philosophers to civilization. D The dodo, a Mauritian bird last seen in the 17th century, will be brought back to a semblance (外观) of life if attempts by a gene-editing company are successful. Gene-editing techniques now exist that allow scientists to extract the dodo genome (基因组) that they believe they can then effectively recreate within the body of a living relative. The scientists in question said their work, beyond providing an insight into the extinct dodo’s existence, could help inform the conservation of rare species that are not yet extinct. However, there is a fierce debate among biologists over whether this sort of research should be pursued. Beth Shapiro, the lead paleo-geneticist (古遗传学家) at Colossal, told the Guardian she tried to persuade a museum to let her extract DNA from a preserved dodo exhibited there. She said there were hundreds of dodos in collections around the world, so it had been possible to sequence the dead bird’s genome. But she warned that the revived dodo could never replace what has been made extinct. “It would be crazy to think the solution to the world’s biodiversity crisis was to bring back a proxy.” she said. Ben Lamm, the chief executive of the company, said they were raising a further 150 million dollars to pursue the research on the dodo. He pointed out that it could assist conservation efforts for many other threatened species around the world, as it would develop techniques that could allow scientists to detect and preserve key features in those existing species that could help them adapt in a changing climate. Prof. Ewan Birney from European Molecular Biology Laboratory, who was not involved with Colossal’s work, said it would be “very, very challenging” to recreate the dodo genome. He added, “I’ve no idea whether the project will work as they claim, but the question is not just ‘can you do this’, but ‘should you do it?’ … I’m not sure what purpose it serves, and whether this is really the best distribution of resources. We should be saving the species that we have before they go extinct.” 12. What can we learn about dodo from the text? A. It is a bird that is only unique to Mauritius. B. The research on it has raised conflicting opinions. C. It has been successfully brought back to life. D. It could be recreated within the remains of a relative. 13. What does the underlined word “proxy” mean in paragraph 3? A. fake B. creature C. model D. replacement 14. What’s Prof Ewan Birney’s attitude towards Colossal’s work? A. Critical B. Indifferent C. Supportive D. Conservative 15. Which is the best title of the passage? A. Pros and Cons of Reviving Dodo B. Gene-editing Techniques in Effect C. Scientists Trying Hard to Recreate Dodo D. A Vain Attempt to Bring Dodo Back to Life 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项多余选项。(每题2.5分, 共12.5分) Graduate school can be an intense and demanding period in your life. ____16____ This may make it difficult for you to maintain good health. Keeping a balanced diet becomes particularly challenging when your daily routine runs around academic tasks. ____17____ Despite its convenience and lack of time, it often leads to consuming meals low in nutrients and high in calories. Thus, meal planning can be highly beneficial, helping to ensure a balanced diet despite a busy schedule. Also, remember to drink more water. The body’s need for water increases when under stress. Ignoring it can lead to failure of core body functions. Graduate students often face greater challenge of balancing grad school and health. Graduate school often requires students to spend many hours absorbed seated absorbed in studies. This lifestyle can contribute to a variety of health issues, from obesity to heart disease. Besides, the mental and emotional stresses in graduate school often add to the physical challenges, leading to burnout if not managed effectively. ____18____ ____19____ Research proves that regular exercise reduces stress, improves mood, and enhances overall well-being. One practical tip for integrating exercise into your routine is to add physical activities to your breaks. ____20____ Another effective method is to join clubs or groups where you can engage in sports or physical activities. This approach not only promotes health but also facilitates social interaction. A. The long hours of studying can easily consume all your time. B. Many students opt for fast food. C. Therefore, it’s crucial to find a balance between academic pursuits and physical health. D. Exercising regularly is another effective tool for managing the demands of graduate school. E. Short walks, or desk exercises, for example, are good choices. F. Mental health should not be overlooked. G. Good health does not necessarily mean sacrifice of academic success. 第三部分 完形填空(每题1分，总分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we’ve just watched or books we’ve just finished reading, but plain and simple ____21____. Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we ____22____ do with it? We gossip. About others’ behaviour and private lives, such as who’s doing what with whom, who’s in and who’s out and why; how to deal with difficult ____23____ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues. So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural wasters of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It’s not ____24____ according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really ____25____ issues. Dunbar ____26____ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar— ____27____, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip. Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the ____28____ of the higher primates (灵长类动物) like monkeys. By means of grooming — cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or ____29____ from outside it. As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar ____30____ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the ____31____ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to ____32____ the pressure and calm everybody down. But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be ____33____ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more ____34____ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal (有声的) grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one ____35____ contact. 21. A. mission B. radiation C. comparison D. gossip 22. A. occasionally B. merely C. habitually D. originally 23. A. social B. political C. historical D. leisurely 24. A. the case B. the question C. the issue D. the key 25. A. financial B. sensitive C. royal D. vital 26. A. confirms B. outlines C. dismisses D. broadens 27. A. for instance B. on the contrary C. in addition D. as a result 28. A. motivation B. motive C. emotion D. behaviour 29. A. inspection B. harmony C. attack D. assistance 30. A. convinces B. comprises C. confesses D. concludes 31. A. prospect B. protection C. maintenance D. luxury 32. A. discipline B. bother C. maintain D. ease 33. A. cast B. consumed C. extended D. floated 34. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful 35. A. invisible B. daily C. constant D. physical 第Ⅱ卷 (非选择题,共55分) 第二节 语法填空(共10空, 每空1.5分, 共15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yale University will require standardized test scores for students _____36_____ (apply) for the class entering in the fall of 2025, becoming the second Ivy League university _____37_____ (abandon) test-optional policies that had been widely embraced during the Covid pandemic. Yale’s decision, which will not affect students who applied during the current admission cycle, _____38_____ (follow) a similar decision in February from Dartmouth College. These institutions remain in _____39_____ minority. Many decided to keep their test optional policies _____40_____ place as the pandemic waned. The anti-testing movement has long said that standardized tests help fuel _____41_____ (equality), because many students from wealthy families use tutors and coaches to boost their scores. But recent research has questioned _____42_____ test-optional policies may actually hurt the very students they were meant to help. In January, Opportunity Insights, a group of economists _____43_____ (base) at Harvard, published a study that found that test scores could help identify lower-income students and students from underrepresented populations who would thrive in college. “For students attending well-resourced high schools, substitutes for standardized tests are _____44_____ (incredible) easy to find: Transcripts brim with advanced courses, teachers are accustomed to praising students’ unique classroom contributions, and activities lists are full of enrichment opportunities,” said Jeremiah Quinlan, the dean of undergraduate admissions at Yale. “Increased emphasis on these elements, we found, has the effect of advantaging the ______45______ (advantage) 第三部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，常州希望中学的学生会主席。国际博物馆日（5月 18日）即将来临，学生会将举办一系列相关活动以丰富同学们的课余生活，拓宽视野。请你代表学生会写一个国旗下讲话发言稿，号召同学们多去博物馆。 内容可以包括：1.博物馆的益处。2.号召同学们多去博物馆。 字数在 80—120之间，也可以适当增加信息。 Distinguished teachers and my fellow students, Good Morning! I’m Li Hua, president of the Students’ Union. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all! Thank you and have a good day! 第二节 (满分 25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 What my father wore embarrassed me! I wanted him to dress like a doctor or lawyer, but he always dressed like my father, getting up before dawn every day to make breakfast for my mother and me. We lived in South Texas, where my father worked as a repairman. He often wore a pair of jeans and a shirt, keeping his pencils, glasses and wrenches (扳手) in his breast pocket. His boots were those with steel toes that made them difficult to pull off his feet, which I sometimes helped him with when he returned from repairing cars — his job that also shamed me. I blamed the way he dressed. I felt that my classmates laughed at me because they’d seen him mowing lawns (修剪草坪) in cut-off jeans and black boots. My classmates’ families paid men to beautify their lawns, while their fathers travelled in the bay wearing lemon-yellow sweaters and expensive shoes. He preferred clothes that allowed him the freedom to move under cars. So even when taking part in a school trip with me, he was dressed in his repairman’s suit. On the school bus to the campsite, all students on the bus happily chatted with their parents except me, who lowered the head, avoiding spotting my classmates’ mocking glance (讥笑的眼光) or hearing their jokes, which I thought was about nothing else but what my father wore. I regretted telling my parents the school trip, and I was very angry why my mother had no spare time while my father happened to have a vacation. But my father failed to read my mind. He was very happy, whistling a tune along the way. Though my father didn’t sense my bad mood, the school bus seemed as sad as I was. It drove more and more slowly and finally it stopped on the roadside. The driver got out to check the bus but found nothing wrong. Students and parents on the bus began to whisper about what was happening, worried that the delay might spoil the journey. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150 左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卷的相应位置作答。 When others were complaining, my father stood up. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The school bus restarted and everyone cheered. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 听力1-20 AABAB ACCAC BBCBC ABACC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 江苏省常州高级中学 2023~2024学年第二学期高二年级阶段质量检测 英语试卷 2024.3 第一部分 听力测试 (共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共5 小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What was the man doing when the phone rang? A. Taking a shower. B. Cleaning the floor. C. Doing the laundry. 2. How long can the man keep the book? A. For three weeks. B. For two weeks. C. For one week. 3. What will the speakers do first? A. Have a cup of tea. B. Watch the dolphin show. C. See the elephants. 4. Why is the man happy? A. He got a good evaluation. B. He received an award for his work. C. He learned some interpersonal skills. 5. What are the speakers talking about in general? A. A CD of Johnny Holden. B. A present for Molly. C. A musician. 第二节 (共15 小题; 每小题1.5 分, 满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有 5 秒钟来阅读各个小题；听完后，每个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答6至 7 题。 6. How did Jim get hurt? A. He was kicked by a boy. B. He was hit by a football. C. He fell down on the ground. 7. When can Jim play sports again? A. In 48 hours. B. In 4 days. C. In a month. 听第7段材料，回答第8至 9题。 8. What color shirts does the man's team get? A. Yellow. B. Green. C. White. 9. What will the woman do next? A. Go to the man's house. B. Collect the new football shirts. C. Have the basketball shirts changed. 听第8段材料，回答第10至 12题。 10. Who is the woman? A. A policewoman. B. A doctor. C. The man's classmate. 11. What is the man worried about? A. His broken arm. B. The coming exams. C. The wound in his leg. 12. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a classroom. B. In a hospital. C. In the street. 听第9段材料, 回答第13 至 16题。 13. How long has Louise been working at the center? A. About six months. B. About one year. C. About two years. 14. How did Louise feel when she started working at the center? A. Excited. B. Nervous. C. Confident. 15. What does Louise enjoy doing most about working with children? A. Seeing them have a lot of fun. B. Thinking of new things for them to do. C. Helping the less able ones achieve more. 16. What does Louise say about working at night? A. It's a necessary part of the job. B. It's something that she enjoys. C. It's unfair for her to do it. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What is the exhibition about this year? A. Star posters. B. Railway posters. C. Holiday posters. 18. How long will the exhibition last a day? A. Seven hours. B. Six hours. C. Five hours. 19. What does the speaker suggest people do? A. Watch Alan Brown's films on TV. B. Get tickets for the exhibition in advance. C. Book seats for the Rose Garden immediately. 20. Where can people make a reservation for Detective in the Shadows? A. At Town Hall. B. At the Arts Center Cinema. C. At the Tourist Center. 第二部分 阅读理解(每题2.5分，共50分) 第一节 (共15 小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A English Score Tutors is the British Council’s one-to-one tutoring platform for 13-to 19-year-olds. Learn at your own pace Sessions on English Score Tutors are tailored to your level, needs and goals. Together with your chosen tutor, you will create a learning plan that focuses on the areas important to you. Our tutors will get the best from you because each session is tailored to you as an individual. You’re in control You decide what to focus on with your expert tutor. ●Improve your confidence in speaking English. ●Practice real-life English with topics that interest you. ●Develop conversation skills to help you socialize in English. ●Prepare for an English exam. Flexible learning Choose sessions at times that suit you. Fit them in around school, weekend activities and holidays, so that you can learn when you want to. You will get access to a dashboard to keep track of your progress any time. $1 introduction session We offer a 30-minute introduction session where you can choose a tutor and get a feel for how sessions will work. After this introduction session, you can decide if you would like to purchase a pack of lessons to continue learning. Try your first session for just $1. ●Choose a tutor that you would like to study with. ●Understand your current language level and areas where you can improve. ●Get a personalized learning plan. We can’t wait to welcome you and help you get closer to your dreams. 1. What is the feature of English Score Tutors? A. It provides special group learning projects. B. It offers personalized tutoring services to teens. C. It is intended for advanced English learners. D. It focuses on spoken English practice. 2. Which of the following can you decide with your chosen tutor? A. Test modes. B. Weekend activities. C. Learning focus. D. Teaching material. 3. Why is the introduction session set up? A. To assess where your strengths lie. B. To help you decide whether to buy the lessons. C. To give you direct access to expert tutors. D. To improve your current language level. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了English Score Tutors是一对一个性化辅导平台，适合13-19岁的学生。学习时间灵活，内容可根据学生需求定制。提供1美元试用课程。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“English Score Tutors is the British Council’s one-to-one tutoring platform for 13-to 19-year-olds. (English Score Tutors是英国文化协会针对13- 19岁青少年的一对一辅导平台。)”可知，English Score Tutors提供个性化的辅导服务。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据You’re in control部分中“You decide what to focus on with your expert tutor. (你可以和你的专家导师一起决定关注什么。)”可知，你可以和选择的导师一起决定学习的重点。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据$1 introduction session部分中“After this introduction session, you can decide if you would like to purchase a pack of lessons to continue learning. (在这个介绍环节之后，你可以决定你是否想购买一套课程继续学习。)”可知，介绍课程设置是为了帮助你决定是否购买继续学习的课程。故选B。 B Geothermal (地热的) power generation is one of our most stable renewable energy resources. Heat generated below the Earth’s surface can provide an almost unlimited supply to power and heat homes. And while geothermal electricity only accounts for around one percent of global generation, that is set to at least triple by 2050. The Geysers in California is the world’s largest geothermal electricity complex. It produces enough electricity from its 18 power plants for 725,000 homes, totaling 20 percent of the state’s renewable energy. Superheated“dry steam” is channeled from a large sandstone reservoir heated by a large magma chamber (岩浆房) more than four miles beneath the surface. Heat is captured from its passage through the rock and the heated water converts into electricity. Cooled water is then recycled and pumped back to gather more heat. EGS (enhanced geothermal systems) technologies will open up many more sites for geothermal energy.“You can effectively put a power plant anywhere,” said Will Pettit, director of the Geothermal Resources Council. “All you have to do is drill deep enough and you will find hot rock.” Most geothermal plants actually use a flash steam technique, where hot water(at 360F or 180C)is drawn up, passed into lower pressure tanks and flashed into steam to power a turbine (涡轮机).Binary cycle (双元循环) plants are the growth technology because they can operate at lower water temperatures and more diverse geographical locations. They use moderately hot water to heat a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point—as low as 135F—to drive turbines. Geothermal plants already emit 11 times less carbon dioxide per unit of electricity than the average US coal power plant. They can also operate 24 hours a day to provide a solid base load for homes and businesses. There are drawbacks too. Seismic activity around drilling wells is a factor. High investment costs are another. But the US government is backing the sector with multi-million do llar funds to push forward advanced EGS research. Geothermal energy is set to play a big part in the low-carbon electricity future. 4. What is the significance of EGS (enhanced geothermal systems) technologies? A. They have made geothermal energy less sustainable. B. They allow for more efficient use of geothermal resources. C. They have greatly reduced the need for drilling in geothermal sites. D. They have opened up new methods of generating electricity from water. 5. What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A. Power plants are not affected by water. B. Hot water is used to power a turbine directly. C. Binary cycle plants are less restricted to locations. D. A flash steam technique is a must in geothermal plants. 6. What is the writer's attitude towards geothermal power? A. Indifferent. B. Ambiguous. C. Pessimistic. D. Optimistic. 7. What is the main idea of the article? A. Geothermal power is likely to be a great chance to sustainable power. B. Traditional power has been replaced by geothermal power in America. C. Businesses have been competing to gain an advantage in geothermal power. D EGS technologies have come into widespread application around the world. 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了地热发电的好处及工作原理，同时表明了其未来的广阔前景。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段“EGS (enhanced geothermal systems) technologies will open up many more sites for geothermal energy.‘You can effectively put a power plant anywhere,’ said Will Pettit, director of the Geothermal Resources Council.‘All you have to do is drill deep enough and you will find hot rock.’(EGS（增强型地热系统）技术将为地热能开辟更多的场所。地热资源委员会主任威尔·佩蒂特说：‘你可以有效地在任何地方建造发电厂。你所要做的就是钻得足够深，你就会找到热岩石。’)”可知，EGS允许更有效地利用地热资源。故选B项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Binary cycle(双元循环) plants are the growth technology because they can operate at lower water temperatures and more diverse geographical locations. (双元循环工厂是一种发展技术，因为它们可以在较低的水温和更多样化的地理位置下运行。)”可知，双元循环工厂可以在更多样化的地理条件下运行，即对地理位置的限制较少。故选C项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But the US government is backing the sector with multi-million dollar funds to push forward advanced EGS research. Geothermal energy is set to play a big part in the low-carbon electricity future.(但美国政府正在用数百万美元的资金支持该行业，以推动先进的EGS研究。地热能将在未来的低碳电力中扮演重要角色。)”可知，美国政府大力支持该行业，积极推进EGS的研究，在这些客观事实面前，作者认为地热能将在未来的低碳电力中扮演重要的角色，故作者对于地热能是抱有乐观态度的。故选D项。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Geothermal(地热的)power generation is one of our most stable renewable energy resources. Heat generated below the Earth’s surface can provide an almost unlimited supply to power and heat homes. And while geothermal electricity only accounts for around one percent of global generation, that is set to at least triple by 2050.(地热发电是我们最稳定的可再生能源之一。地球表面以下产生的热量可以为家庭提供几乎无限的电力和供暖。尽管地热发电仅占全球发电量的1%左右，但到2050年，这一比例将至少翻三番。)”以及后文可知，全文列举了地热发电的诸多好处，可以为家庭供电和供暖提供几乎无限的供应，二氧化碳排放量已经比美国平均燃煤发电厂少 11 倍；它们还可以全天24小时运行，为家庭和企业提供坚实的基本负荷等，所以本文主要讲地热发电可能是实现可持续发电的绝佳机会。故选A项。 C There are many differences in ways of thinking between East and West. Many of them are reflected in daily behaviour. In particular, Chinese people sometimes attach more importance to their appearance and social status than to their inner qualities, while Westerners think the opposite. However, Socrates (Ancient Greek philosopher) and Confucius share significant similarities that are universal. Both philosophers share several teachings in common; for example, their understanding of the nature of knowledge and their opinions on education. Socrates believed “There is only one good, knowledge;and only one evil, ignorance.” Similarly, Confucius said, “Isn’t it a pleasure to study and practice what you have learned?” But both also acknowledge the limits of knowledge. Socrates said: “All I know is that I know nothing.” Similarly, Confucius said, “When you know a thing, to hold you know it; when you don’t know a thing, to allow you don’t know it-this is knowledge.” However, there are important differences in their understanding of morality. Confucius believed each person should follow certain regulations according to virtue(德行). Everyone should play their role in a society where people are interdependent in order to achieve harmony in the whole society. For instance, when asked how to govern a country, Confucius stated “An emperor should act like an emperor, a subject should act like a subject.” Socrates, however, places self-knowledge over social knowledge. Another difference between them is their attitude towards political domination(支配). Confucius believed the best way to govern a country isn’t through legal system, but through virtue. Socrates, by contrast, declared that “nothing is more important than justice”. Why have East and West developed such different cultural values? A widely accepted theory holds that Eastern civilization was an agricultural civilization. Hence the need for a collective society and friendly relations with neighbors was strong. Western civilization, however, was nomadic(游牧的). Their mobility makes them less dependent on society after migration. In spite of their differences, the two cultures have more in common than differences. The shared concern for moral values in the teachings of Socrates and Confucius also shows us more fundamental similarities between Eastern and Western cultures in their pursuit of virtuous lives. 8. What do the two philosophers share about knowledge? A. The learning of knowledge is easy. B. The learning of knowledge is endless. C. A man without knowledge is foolish. D. A man shall not pretend to understand. 9. Which of the following reflects the thoughts of Confucius in terms of morality? A. Nothing is more important than a legal system. B. I am not a Chinese, but a citizen of the world. C. Not everyone should play his own role in society. D. A man does what is proper to the position he is in. 10. What is the root cause of the differences between Eastern and Western cultural values? A. The difference in political atmosphere. B. The difference in the length of history. C. The difference in economic development. D. The difference in levels of social dependency. 11. What is the passage mainly about? A. Reasons for similarities of Eastern and Western cultures. B. The introduction of great figures of two different cultures. C. Comparisons of the thoughts of the two great philosophers. D. The contributions of two great philosophers to civilization. 【答案】8. B 9. D 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文本主要在对比东西方两位哲学家思想的不同与共同之处。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“But both also acknowledge the limits of knowledge. Socrates said: “All I know is that I know nothing.” Similarly, Confucius said, “When you know a thing, to hold you know it; when you don’t know a thing, to allow you don’t know it-this is knowledge.”(但两者也都承认知识的局限性。苏格拉底说:“我所知道的就是我一无所知。”孔子也说过：“知其事，持其事；当你不知道一件事的时候，允许你不知道它——这就是知识。”)”可知，两个哲学家认为知识的学习是无止境的。故选B。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。从第三段的“Everyone should play their role in a society where people are interdependent in order to achieve harmony in the whole society. For instance, when asked how to govern a country, Confucius stated “An emperor should act like an emperor, a subject should act like a subject.”(每个人都应该在人与人相互依存的社会中发挥自己的作用，以实现整个社会的和谐。例如，当被问及如何治理一个国家时，孔子说:“皇帝应该像皇帝一样，臣民应该像臣民一样。”)”可知，孔子的思想即“君君臣臣，父父子子”，每个人根据自己所处的位置扮演好自己的角色。D项“A man does what is proper to the position he is in.(一个人会做与他所处的地位相称的事。)”合乎题意。故选D。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Why have East and West developed such different cultural values? A widely accepted theory holds that Eastern civilization was an agricultural civilization. Hence the need for a collective society and friendly relations with neighbors was strong. Western civilization, however, was nomadic(游牧的). Their mobility makes them less dependent on society after migration.(为什么东西方发展出如此不同的文化价值观?一个广为接受的理论认为东方文明是一种农业文明。因此，建立集体社会和与邻国建立友好关系的必要性非常强烈。然而，西方文明是游牧文明。他们的流动性使他们在移民后对社会的依赖程度降低。)”可知，东西方价值观的差异最本质的原因是社会依赖程度的不同。故选D。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“There are many differences in ways of thinking between East and West. Many of them are reflected in daily behaviour.(东西方在思维方式上有许多不同之处。其中许多都反映在日常行为中)”以及文章的最后一段“In spite of their differences, the two cultures have more in common than differences. The shared concern for moral values in the teachings of Socrates and Confucius also shows us more fundamental similarities between Eastern and Western cultures in their pursuit of virtuous lives.(尽管存在差异，但这两种文化的共同点多于不同点。苏格拉底和孔子的教义中对道德价值的共同关注也向我们展示了东西方文化在追求美德生活方面的更多基本相似之处。)”以及全文可知，文本主要在对比东西方两位哲学家思想的不同与共同之处。故选C。 D The dodo, a Mauritian bird last seen in the 17th century, will be brought back to a semblance (外观) of life if attempts by a gene-editing company are successful. Gene-editing techniques now exist that allow scientists to extract the dodo genome (基因组) that they believe they can then effectively recreate within the body of a living relative. The scientists in question said their work, beyond providing an insight into the extinct dodo’s existence, could help inform the conservation of rare species that are not yet extinct. However, there is a fierce debate among biologists over whether this sort of research should be pursued. Beth Shapiro, the lead paleo-geneticist (古遗传学家) at Colossal, told the Guardian she tried to persuade a museum to let her extract DNA from a preserved dodo exhibited there. She said there were hundreds of dodos in collections around the world, so it had been possible to sequence the dead bird’s genome. But she warned that the revived dodo could never replace what has been made extinct. “It would be crazy to think the solution to the world’s biodiversity crisis was to bring back a proxy.” she said. Ben Lamm, the chief executive of the company, said they were raising a further 150 million dollars to pursue the research on the dodo. He pointed out that it could assist conservation efforts for many other threatened species around the world, as it would develop techniques that could allow scientists to detect and preserve key features in those existing species that could help them adapt in a changing climate. Prof. Ewan Birney from European Molecular Biology Laboratory who was not involved with Colossal’s work, said it would be “very, very challenging” to recreate the dodo genome. He added, “I’ve no idea whether the project will work as they claim, but the question is not just ‘can you do this’, but ‘should you do it?’ … I’m not sure what purpose it serves, and whether this is really the best distribution of resources. We should be saving the species that we have before they go extinct.” 12. What can we learn about dodo from the text? A. It is a bird that is only unique to Mauritius. B. The research on it has raised conflicting opinions. C. It has been successfully brought back to life. D. It could be recreated within the remains of a relative. 13. What does the underlined word “proxy” mean in paragraph 3? A. fake B. creature C. model D. replacement 14. What’s Prof Ewan Birney’s attitude towards Colossal’s work? A. Critical B. Indifferent C. Supportive D. Conservative 15. Which is the best title of the passage? A. Pros and Cons of Reviving Dodo B. Gene-editing Techniques in Effect C. Scientists Trying Hard to Recreate Dodo D. A Vain Attempt to Bring Dodo Back to Life 【答案】12 B 13. D 14. A 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是科学家正努力复活渡渡鸟，但是生物学家对是否应该进行这类研究存在激烈的争论。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The scientists in question said their work, beyond providing an insight into the extinct dodo’s existence, could help inform the conservation of rare species that are not yet extinct. However, there is a fierce debate among biologists over whether this sort of research should be pursued. (参与研究的科学家们表示，他们的工作，除了提供对已灭绝渡渡鸟存在的深入了解之外，还可以帮助保护尚未灭绝的稀有物种。然而，生物学家对是否应该进行这类研究存在激烈的争论。)”可知，科学家们对已灭绝的渡渡鸟进行深入的研究，但是，这项研究是否应该进行存在着激烈的争论，由此可知，对渡渡鸟的研究引起了不一致的观点。故选B项。 【13题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的“But she warned that the revived dodo could never replace what has been made extinct. (但她警告说，复活的渡渡鸟永远无法取代已经灭绝的渡渡鸟。)”可知，Beth Shapiro认为复活的渡渡鸟永远不会代替灭绝的渡渡鸟，由此可以推测，她所说的话，也就是划线单词所在的句子所表达的意思应与此相同，所以划线单词所在的句子表达的意思应为“解决世界生物多样化危机的方法是带回一个‘替代品’是一个疯狂的想法，所以该单词的意思应与划线单词前的句子中的replace意义相关。故选D项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“He added, “I’ve no idea whether the project will work as they claim, but the question is not just ‘can you do this’, but ‘should you do it?’ … I’m not sure what purpose it serves, and whether this is really the best distribution of resources. We should be saving the species that we have before they go extinct.” (他补充说：“我不知道这个项目是否会像他们声称的那样成功，但问题不仅仅是‘你能做到吗’，而是‘你应该这样做吗？’。我不确定它的目的是什么，以及这是否真的是最好的资源分配。我们应该在它们灭绝之前拯救我们拥有的物种。)”可知，Prof Ewan Birney认为研究复活渡渡鸟的问题不是能不能做的问题，而是应不应该做的问题，他也怀疑这种研究是不是最好的资源分配，并且提议应该在动物灭绝钱去拯救这些物种，由此可知，Prof Ewan Birney对他们的这项研究持批判的态度。故选A项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“The scientists in question said their work, beyond providing an insight into the extinct dodo’s existence, could help inform the conservation of rare species that are not yet extinct. However, there is a fierce debate among biologists over whether this sort of research should be pursued. (参与研究的科学家们表示，他们的工作，除了提供对已灭绝渡渡鸟存在的深入了解之外，还可以帮助保护尚未灭绝的稀有物种。然而，生物学家对是否应该进行这类研究存在激烈的争论。)”以及下文中不同人员对这项研究的利与弊的分析可知，本文讲述的应是科学家们要复活渡渡鸟的利和弊，所以本文的题目为“复活渡渡鸟的利和弊”与本文内容吻合，且概括全文主题。故选A项。 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项多余选项。(每题2.5分, 共12.5分) Graduate school can be an intense and demanding period in your life. ____16____ This may make it difficult for you to maintain good health. Keeping a balanced diet becomes particularly challenging when your daily routine runs around academic tasks. ____17____ Despite its convenience and lack of time, it often leads to consuming meals low in nutrients and high in calories. Thus, meal planning can be highly beneficial, helping to ensure a balanced diet despite a busy schedule. Also, remember to drink more water. The body’s need for water increases when under stress. Ignoring it can lead to failure of core body functions. Graduate students often face greater challenge of balancing grad school and health. Graduate school often requires students to spend many hours absorbed seated, absorbed in studies. This lifestyle can contribute to a variety of health issues, from obesity to heart disease. Besides, the mental and emotional stresses in graduate school often add to the physical challenges, leading to burnout if not managed effectively. ____18____ ____19____ Research proves that regular exercise reduces stress, improves mood, and enhances overall well-being. One practical tip for integrating exercise into your routine is to add physical activities to your breaks. ____20____ Another effective method is to join clubs or groups where you can engage in sports or physical activities. This approach not only promotes health but also facilitates social interaction. A. The long hours of studying can easily consume all your time. B. Many students opt for fast food. C. Therefore, it’s crucial to find a balance between academic pursuits and physical health. D. Exercising regularly is another effective tool for managing the demands of graduate school. E. Short walks, or desk exercises, for example, are good choices. F. Mental health should not be overlooked. G. Good health does not necessarily mean sacrifice of academic success. 【答案】16. A 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究生院生活很紧张且苛刻，对于保持好的健康造成了挑战，本文介绍了研究生院的压力，并对如何处理这些压力，保持健康提出了建议。 【16题详解】 空前“Graduate school can be an intense and demanding period in your life.(研究生院可能是你一生中紧张而又苛刻的一段时期。)”说明读研究生会让人紧张，空后“This may make it difficult for you to maintain good health.(这可能会使你难以保持良好的健康。)”中的This指的是空格处所提到的事情，这件事会让人难以保持良好的健康，空格处应该提到某个让人难以保持健康的事情，A选项“The long hours of studying can easily consume all your time.(长时间的学习很容易消耗你所有的时间。)”说明了长时间学习会消耗时间，和后文这会影响人健康符合，因此A选项承上启下，符合语境，故选A。 【17题详解】 空后“Despite its convenience and lack of time, it often leads to consuming meals low in nutrients and high in calories.(尽管它很方便，而且不用太多时间，但它经常导致人们摄入低营养和高热量的食物。)”说明某个东西很方便，由空前“Keeping a balanced diet becomes particularly challenging when your daily routine runs around academic tasks.(当你的日常生活都围绕着学习任务时，保持均衡饮食就变得特别具有挑战性。)”可知，空格处所提到的这个很方便的东西应该和饮食有关，B选项“Many students opt for fast food.(许多学生选择快餐。)”提到了快餐这种比较方便的东西，和后文快餐虽然方便，但是会导致人们摄入低营养和高热量的食物相符合，因此B选项承上启下，符合语境，故选B。 【18题详解】 空前“Graduate school often requires students to spend many hours absorbed seated, absorbed in studies. This lifestyle can contribute to a variety of health issues, from obesity to heart disease. Besides, the mental and emotional stresses in graduate school often add to the physical challenges, leading to burnout if not managed effectively.(研究生院常常要求学生花很多时间坐着，全神贯注地学习。这种生活方式会导致各种各样的健康问题，从肥胖到心脏病。此外，研究生院的精神和情感压力往往会增加身体上的挑战，如果不能有效管理，就会导致倦怠。)”表明压力大引起身体健康的挑战，空格处就应该说该怎么解决这个问题，C选项“Therefore, it’s crucial to find a balance between academic pursuits and physical health.(因此，在学术追求和身体健康之间找到平衡是至关重要的。)”说明了在学术追求和身体健康之间找到平衡是至关重要的，承接上文，符合语境，故选C。 【19题详解】 空后“Research proves that regular exercise reduces stress, improves mood, and enhances overall well-being.(研究证明，有规律的锻炼可以减轻压力，改善情绪，提高整体幸福感。)”说明了有规律的锻炼的好处，空格处应该引出锻炼这个话题，D选项“Exercising regularly is another effective tool for managing the demands of graduate school.(定期锻炼是管理研究生院需求的另一个有效工具。)”提出了锻炼是一个有效的工具，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选D。 【20题详解】 空前“One practical tip for integrating exercise into your routine is to add physical activities to your breaks.(将锻炼融入日常生活的一个实用建议是在休息时间增加体育活动。)”说明了在日常生活中进行锻炼的一个建议是在休息时间增加体育活动，空后“Another effective method is to join clubs or groups where you can engage in sports or physical activities.(另一个有效的方法是加入俱乐部或团体，在那里你可以从事体育运动或体育活动。)”说的是另一个从事体育活动的方法，空格处应该是说从事体育活动的一个方法，E选项“Short walks, or desk exercises, for example, are good choices.(例如，短距离散步或在办公桌前锻炼都是不错的选择。)”说的是体育活动的方法，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选E。 第三部分 完形填空(每题1分，总分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we’ve just watched or books we’ve just finished reading, but plain and simple ____21____. Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we ____22____ do with it? We gossip. About others’ behaviour and private lives, such as who’s doing what with whom, who’s in and who’s out and why; how to deal with difficult ____23____ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues. So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural wasters of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It’s not ____24____ according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really ____25____ issues. Dunbar ____26____ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar— ____27____, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip. Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the ____28____ of the higher primates (灵长类动物) like monkeys. By means of grooming — cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or ____29____ from outside it. As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar ____30____ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the ____31____ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to ____32____ the pressure and calm everybody down. But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be ____33____ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more ____34____ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal (有声的) grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one ____35____ contact. 21. A. mission B. radiation C. comparison D. gossip 22. A. occasionally B. merely C. habitually D. originally 23. A. social B. political C. historical D. leisurely 24. A. the case B. the question C. the issue D. the key 25. A. financial B. sensitive C. royal D. vital 26. A. confirms B. outlines C. dismisses D. broadens 27. A. for instance B. on the contrary C. in addition D. as a result 28. A. motivation B. motive C. emotion D. behaviour 29. A. inspection B. harmony C. attack D. assistance 30. A. convinces B. comprises C. confesses D. concludes 31. A. prospect B. protection C. maintenance D. luxury 32. A. discipline B. bother C. maintain D. ease 33. A. cast B. consumed C. extended D. floated 34. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful 35. A. invisible B. daily C. constant D. physical 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文，研究表明人们的话题大多不是重大的话题讨论和研究，而很多是闲聊，这些闲聊是不是浪费时间和语言呢？Robin Dunbar教授认为事实并非如此，他认为闲聊是非常重要的，是人类发展过程中非常重要的交流方式。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，人类三分之二的谈话不是讨论当天的文化或政治问题，也不是对我们刚刚看过的电影或刚刚读完的书进行激烈的辩论，而是简单的闲聊。A. mission任务；B. radiation辐射；C. comparison比较；D. gossip流言蜚语，闲聊。根据上文“two-thirds of human conversation”可知，此处指谈话内容是闲聊，下文也多次出现gossip一词，故选D。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：作为一个物种，语言是我们最大的财富，我们习惯用它做什么？A. occasionally偶尔；B. merely仅仅，只不过；C. habitually习惯性地，经常地；D. originally起初。根据“Language is our greatest treasure as a species”可知，语言是我们最大的财富，我们习惯用它做什么？故选C。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：关于别人的行为和私人生活，比如谁和谁在一起做什么，谁在里面，谁不在里面，为什么；如何处理与孩子、爱人和同事有关的困难社交场合。A. social社会的，社交的；B. political政治的；C. historical历史的；D. leisurely不慌不忙的，慢悠悠的。根据“situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues”可知，此处指社交场合，故选A。 【24题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：根据Robin Dunbar教授的说法，情况并非如此。A. the case情况；B. the question问题；C. the issue问题；D. the key关键。上文“Are we just natural wasters of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life?(我们只是天生的时间和语言的浪费者吗？或者我们谈论很多没有什么特别的事情只是为了避免面对生活中真正重要的问题？)”提出问题，结合下文谈到闲聊的重要性可知，事实并非如此，It’s not the case“事实/情况并非如此”，固定句型，故选A。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这位心理学家在他的新书Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language中说，闲聊是这些真正重要的问题之一。A. financial金融的，财务的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. royal皇家的；D. vital至关重要的。根据上文“the really important issues of life”可知，Robin Dunbar认为闲聊并不是浪费时间和语言，而是这些真正重要的问题之一，故选D。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dunbar驳斥了传统观点，即语言是由男性在社会发展的早期阶段发展起来的，是为了更有效地组织他们的男性狩猎活动，甚至是为了促进关于他们的起源和超自然现象的诗歌故事的交流。A. confirms证实；B. outlines概述；C. dismisses驳斥；D. broadens变宽。根据下文“Instead he suggests that language evolved among women.”可知，Dunbar驳斥了语言是由男性在社会发展的早期阶段发展起来的传统观点，故选C。 【27题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：Dunbar认为，我们花三分之二的时间闲聊并不仅仅是因为我们会说话，相反，他接着说，语言的进化就是为了让我们闲聊。A. for instance例如；B. on the contrary相反；C. in addition此外；D. as a result因此。结合“We don’t spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar”可知，我们花三分之二的时间闲聊并不仅仅是因为我们会说话，相反，语言的进化就是为了让我们闲聊，故选B。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Dunbar通过研究猴子等高等灵长类动物的行为得出了他的快乐理论。A. motivation动机，动力；B. motive动机，目的；C. emotion情感；D. behaviour行为。根据下文“grooming — cleaning the fur by brushing it”可知，Dunbar研究动物的行为，故选D。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过梳理毛发——通过刷毛来清洁毛发，猴子与其他个体组成群体，在群体内部发生冲突或受到外部攻击时，它们可以依靠这些个体来获得支持。A. inspection检查；B. harmony和谐；C. attack攻击；D. assistance帮助。根据“they can rely for support”以及“conflict within the group”可知，此处指在群体内部发生冲突或受到外部攻击时，它们可以依靠这些个体来获得支持，故选C。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于我们人类是从灵长类家族的一个特定分支进化而来，Dunbar得出结论，在我们的历史上，我们曾经做过同样的事情。A. convinces使确信；B. comprises包括；C. confesses供认，坦白；D. concludes得出结论。上文“As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family”提到原因，故空后是得出的结论，故选D。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：成群聚集在一起是有意义的，因为团体越大，它提供的保护就越大；另一方面，群体越大，与他人生活在一起的压力就越大。A. prospect前景；B. protection保护；C. maintenance维持，保养；D. luxury奢侈。上文“monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support”提到猴子与其他个体组成群体来相互支持，故群体可以提供保护，故选B。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析句意：梳毛有助于缓解压力，让大家平静下来。A. discipline管教；B. bother打扰；C. maintain保持，维持；D. ease缓解，宽慰。根据“calm everybody down”可知，梳毛可以减轻压力，故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但随着群体变得越来越大，花在梳毛活动上的时间也必须延长，以保持其有效性。A. cast投射，扔；B. consumed消费，消耗；C. extended延长，延伸；D. floated漂浮。根据“But as the groups got bigger and bigger”以及下文“and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal (有声的) grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals(因此语言进化为一种有声的梳毛，使人类能够通过更广泛的个人网络交换信息，而不是一对一的身体接触，与更大的群体发展关系)”可知，群体越大，花在梳毛活动上的时间也必须延长，以保持其有效性，故选C。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：显然，需要一种更有效的梳毛方式，因此语言进化为一种有声的梳毛，使人类能够通过更广泛的个人网络交换信息，而不是一对一的身体接触，与更大的群体发展关系。A. common普通的；B. efficient有效的；C. scientific科学的；D. thoughtful周到的。根据上文“to maintain its effectiveness”可知，需要一种更有效的梳毛方式，故选B。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. invisible看不见的；B. daily日常的；C. constant不断的；D. physical身体的。根据上文提到的梳毛活动可知，语言使人类能够通过更广泛的个人网络交换信息，而不是一对一的身体接触，故选D。 第Ⅱ卷 (非选择题,共55分) 第二节 语法填空(共10空, 每空1.5分, 共15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yale University will require standardized test scores for students _____36_____ (apply) for the class entering in the fall of 2025, becoming the second Ivy League university _____37_____ (abandon) test-optional policies that had been widely embraced during the Covid pandemic. Yale’s decision, which will not affect students who applied during the current admission cycle, _____38_____ (follow) a similar decision in February from Dartmouth College. These institutions remain in _____39_____ minority. Many decided to keep their test optional policies _____40_____ place as the pandemic waned. The anti-testing movement has long said that standardized tests help fuel _____41_____ (equality), because many students from wealthy families use tutors and coaches to boost their scores. But recent research has questioned _____42_____ test-optional policies may actually hurt the very students they were meant to help. In January, Opportunity Insights, a group of economists _____43_____ (base) at Harvard, published a study that found that test scores could help identify lower-income students and students from underrepresented populations who would thrive in college. “For students attending well-resourced high schools, substitutes for standardized tests are _____44_____ (incredible) easy to find: Transcripts brim with advanced courses, teachers are accustomed to praising students’ unique classroom contributions, and activities lists are full of enrichment opportunities,” said Jeremiah Quinlan, the dean of undergraduate admissions at Yale. “Increased emphasis on these elements, we found, has the effect of advantaging the ______45______ (advantage) 【答案】36. applying 37. to abandon 38. followed 39. a##the 40. in 41. inequality 42. whether 43. based 44. incredibly 45. advantaged 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讨论了耶鲁大学恢复标准化考试成绩要求的决定，以及这一决定背后的争议和考量。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：耶鲁大学将对申请2025年秋季入学的学生提出标准化考试成绩要求，成为第二所放弃非强制性考试政策的常春藤盟校，这种政策在新冠疫情期间被广泛采用。句中谓语是will require，空格处用非谓语动词，students和apply之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填applying。 【37题详解】 考查不定式。句意：耶鲁大学将对申请2025年秋季入学的学生提出标准化考试成绩要求，成为第二所放弃非强制性考试政策的常春藤盟校，这种政策在新冠疫情期间被广泛采用。Ivy League university前有序数词the second修饰，因此空格处用不定式作后置定语，因此空格处是to abandon。故填to abandon。 【38题详解】 考查时态。句意：耶鲁大学的决定不会影响在当前录取周期内申请的学生，Dartmouth College今年2月也做出了类似的决定。句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填followed。 【39题详解】 考查冠词。句意：这些机构仍然是少数。in a/the minority是固定短语，意为“占少数”，因此空格处是a/the。故填a/the。 【40题详解】 考查介词。句意：随着疫情的减弱，许多国家决定保持他们的可选检测政策。keep...in place是固定短语，意为“使……保持在适当位置”，因此空格处用介词in，故填in。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：长期以来，反对考试的运动一直表示，标准化考试助长了不平等，因为许多来自富裕家庭的学生请家教和教练来提高成绩。根据语境可知，句子表示“标准化考试助长了不平等”，空格处意为“不平等”，是inequality，是不可数名词，故填inequality。 【42题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：但最近的研究质疑，非强制性考试政策是否真的会伤害他们原本想要帮助的学生。空格处引导的是宾语从句，根据语境可知，句子表示“但最近的研究质疑，非强制性考试政策是否真的会伤害他们原本想要帮助的学生”，空格处意为“是否”，用whether引导宾语从句，故填whether。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：今年1月，Harvard的一群经济学家Opportunity Insights发表了一项研究，发现考试成绩可以帮助识别那些可能在大学里茁壮成长的低收入学生和来自弱势群体的学生。句中谓语是published，空格处用非谓语动词，economists和base之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填based。 【44题详解】 考查副词。句意：耶鲁大学本科招生主任Jeremiah Quinlan说，“对于那些在资源丰富的高中上学的学生来说，标准化考试的替代品非常容易找到:成绩单上写满了高级课程，老师习惯于赞扬学生在课堂上的独特贡献，活动清单上充满了丰富的机会。”空格处用副词修饰形容词easy，incredible的副词是incredibly，意为“非常地”，故填incredibly。 【45题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们发现，对这些因素的重视程度越高，就越有利于优势群体。the advantaged是“the+形容词”的用法，意为“处于优势地位的人”，因此空格处是advantaged。故填advantaged。 第三部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，常州希望中学的学生会主席。国际博物馆日（5月 18日）即将来临，学生会将举办一系列相关活动以丰富同学们的课余生活，拓宽视野。请你代表学生会写一个国旗下讲话发言稿，号召同学们多去博物馆。 内容可以包括：1.博物馆的益处。2.号召同学们多去博物馆。 字数在 80—120之间，也可以适当增加信息。 Distinguished teachers and my fellow students, Good Morning! I’m Li Hua, president of the Students’ Union. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all! Thank you and have a good day! 【答案】Distinguished teachers and my fellow students, Good morning! I’m Li Hua, president of the Students’ Union. As you may know, with the approach of the International Museum Day, which falls on the 18th of May, our school is going to host a series of activities to enrich students’ extra curriculum life. On behalf of the Students’ Union, today I’d like to call your attention to visiting museums. Museums play a vital role in our daily life. Firstly, with well-designed exhibitions related to general science or any specific subject, museums are where people learn something new, at any age! Secondly, not only are museums places where we can appreciate the world’s civilization but also where we can spend some quality time with family and friends, thus making our life better. All in all, museums benefit everyone, it’s time we should visit the museums more frequently! Let’s get going! That’s all! Thank you and have a good day! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一个国旗下讲话发言稿，号召同学们多去博物馆。 【详解】1.词汇积累 代表：on behalf of→in the name of 首先：firstly→first and foremost 总之：all in all→in a word 参观：visit→pay a visit to 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Museums play a vital role in our daily life. 拓展句：Museums, which play a vital role in our daily life, are extremely important. 【点睛】[高分句型1] As you may know, with the approach of the International Museum Day, which falls on the 18th of May, our school is going to host a series of activities to enrich students’ extra curriculum life. (运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Secondly, not only are museums places where we can appreciate the world’s civilization but also where we can spend some quality time with family and friends, thus making our life better. (运用了where引导的限制性定语从句、部分倒装和现在分词作状语) 第二节 (满分 25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 What my father wore embarrassed me! I wanted him to dress like a doctor or lawyer, but he always dressed like my father, getting up before dawn every day to make breakfast for my mother and me. We lived in South Texas, where my father worked as a repairman. He often wore a pair of jeans and a shirt, keeping his pencils, glasses and wrenches (扳手) in his breast pocket. His boots were those with steel toes that made them difficult to pull off his feet, which I sometimes helped him with when he returned from repairing cars — his job that also shamed me. I blamed the way he dressed. I felt that my classmates laughed at me because they’d seen him mowing lawns (修剪草坪) in cut-off jeans and black boots. My classmates’ families paid men to beautify their lawns, while their fathers travelled in the bay wearing lemon-yellow sweaters and expensive shoes. He preferred clothes that allowed him the freedom to move under cars. So even when taking part in a school trip with me, he was dressed in his repairman’s suit. On the school bus to the campsite, all students on the bus happily chatted with their parents except me, who lowered the head, avoiding spotting my classmates’ mocking glance (讥笑眼光) or hearing their jokes, which I thought was about nothing else but what my father wore. I regretted telling my parents the school trip, and I was very angry why my mother had no spare time while my father happened to have a vacation. But my father failed to read my mind. He was very happy, whistling a tune along the way. Though my father didn’t sense my bad mood, the school bus seemed as sad as I was. It drove more and more slowly and finally it stopped on the roadside. The driver got out to check the bus but found nothing wrong. Students and parents on the bus began to whisper about what was happening, worried that the delay might spoil the journey. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150 左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卷的相应位置作答。 When others were complaining, my father stood up. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The school bus restarted and everyone cheered. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When others were complaining, my father stood up. Dressed in his repairman’s suit, he had jumped off the school bus without hesitation before I could stop him. “Another chance to be laughed at.” I thought to myself. He examined the bus carefully, using his pencils, glasses and wrenches (扳手) in his breast pocket. It was quite a long time before he was back on the bus again, his hands smeared with oil but a broad smile on his face. He told the driver that there was something was wrong with the engine, but now it was ok. The school bus restarted and everyone cheered. All the parents thumbed up to show their appreciation and those who once mocked me even smiled at me with admiration. I hugged my father tightly for a minute. Only then did I feel proud though he still wore those plain clothes. I finally understood one can’t be judged by what he or she wears. I no longer envy others having a father dressed smartly. I love my father, who teaches the profound truth: It is one’s character, not what one wears that really matters. 【解析】 【导语】本文以作者对父亲态度的转变为线索展开，讲述了作者觉得父亲的穿着总让他感到很尴尬，甚至后悔告诉父母学校旅行的事，因为父亲在学校旅行时依旧穿着让我觉得受尽嘲笑的修理工的衣服，但我父亲没能读懂我的心思，他非常高兴，一路上吹着口哨。途中校车出了故障，多亏了我修理工的父亲这一切才得到解决，这一切让我重新认识到我们评判一个人时不能仅仅看他的衣着，更重要的是他的品行。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“当别人在抱怨时，我父亲站了起来。”可知，第一段可描写父亲修理车的过程以及我和车上其他人的反应。 ②由第二段首句内容“校车重新启动，每个人都欢呼起来。”可知，第二段可描写父亲将车修理以后其他人的反应以及我对父亲的态度的转变以及我的感悟。 2.续写线索：父亲主动站出来修车——其他人的反应、我的反应——车修好——其他人对父亲的赞赏——我态度的转变——我的感悟。 3.词汇积累 行为类 ①穿着：be dressed in/be wearing ②拥抱：hug/embrace ③嘲笑：mock/laugh at/make fun of 情感类 ①紧紧地：tightly/firmly ②潇洒地：smartly/nicely/beautifully 【点睛】【高分句型1】He examined the bus carefully, using his pencils, glasses and wrenches (扳手) in his breast pocket. (运用了现在分词短语作状语) 【高分句型2】Only then did I feel proud though he still wore those plain clothes.(运用了部分倒装) 【高分句型3】All the parents thumbed up to show their appreciation and those who once mocked me even smiled at me with admiration.(运用了who引导的定语从句) 听力1-20 AABAB ACCAC BBCBC ABACC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$