Day 10 定语从句之关系副词&介词+关系代词精讲精练-2024年英语初高中衔接大全（全国通用版)

Day 10定语从句之关系副词&介词+关系代词精讲精练 【定语从句概况】 在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句从本质上讲，类似于一个形容词，起修饰限定作用。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词又分为关系代词和关系副词。 【关系副词引导的定语从句】 关系副词的分类及用法 先行词 关系副词 在从句中所充当的成分 与“介词＋关系代词”的关系 表示时间的名词：time，day，year等。 when 时间状语 ＝at/in/ on/during which 表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等。 where 地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which 表示理由的名词：the reason why 原因状语 ＝for which 例句感知： 1）At the Chinese art festival，there are different stands where artists show their skills and teach the visitors. 在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。 2）We will always remember the days when we were together in the childhood . 我们将永远记得我们童年在一起的日子。 [注意]　 (1)当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。 (2)先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。 (3)当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，可用that，in which或省略关系词这三种形式。 【介词+关系代词引导的定语从句】 1.分类 类别 句法功能 示例 介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 状语 He is the person on whom you can rely. 他是你可以信赖的人。 介词＋whose＋名词 状语 He was the man from whose bag the thief had stolen a phone. 他就是被小偷从包里偷走手机的那个人。 名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 主语 There are many magazines in the reading room，some of which are designed /intended for children. 阅览室有许多杂志，其中有些是专为孩子们设计的。 2.“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定 (1)根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。 In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb for help) 在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。 Physics is the subject in which/ where every student in our school is interested.(be interested in) 物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。 (2)根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。 I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood with her.(during that time) 我永远不会忘记我和她度过的童年时光。 (3)根据所表达的意思来确定。 The colorless gas without which we can't live is called oxygen. 这种无色的气体就是氧气，离了它我们无法生存。 【难点突破】 1.限制性定语从句vs非限制性定语从句 分类 用法 定语 从句 限制性 定语从句 限制性定语从句限制了所修饰的先行词的意义，如果去掉，主句意思不完整甚至失去意义。主从句之间往往不用逗号分开。 非限制性 定语从句 非限制性定语从句和主句关系不是很密切，从句只是对先行词作补充说明，如果去掉，主句意思仍然完整。主从句之间往往用逗号分开。 例句感知： 1）He has two sons，who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.) 他有两个儿子，他们在同一家公司上班。 2）He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has more than two sons.) 他有两个儿子在同一家公司上班。 He lost the game，which was a great pity.(非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的句子) ＝He lost the game，and it was a great pity. 他在比赛中失败了，这真令人遗憾。 2.定语从句和其他句式的区别 (1)定语从句与并列句 并列句有and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接。并列句中绝对不可再用引导定语从句的关系词。 ①I have three bicycles，none of is in good condition. ②I have three bicycles，but none of is in good condition. 解析：①句中bicycles后面是非限制性定语从句，空格中填关系代词which；②句中有并列连词but，题干是并列句，空格中填代词them。 (2)定语从句与状语从句 a.定语从句修饰、限制先行词，常放在先行词的后面，而状语从句说明动作发生的情况，可以放在主句的前面。 Do you know the time when the meeting was over？(when引导定语从句) When the meeting was over，it was already five o'clock.(when引导时间状语从句) b.when，where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词＋which”的结构来替换，在引导状语从句时则不行。 This is the plant（工厂） where(＝in which) I once worked.(where引导定语从句) Put back the book where it was. 把书放回原处。(where引导状语从句) c.定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分，因此去掉之后从句成分不完整；而状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。 It is such an interesting book as we all like.(as引导定语从句，作动词like的宾语) It is such an interesting book that we all like it.(that引导结果状语从句，不充当从句的成分) (3)定语从句与同位语从句 a.定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰或限制的作用，与先行词之间有从属关系。 b.同位语从句的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释，是前面名词的具体内容，与前面名词之间是同位关系。 例句感知： 1）The solution that /which he came up with is practical. (that引导的是定语从句，that代替先行词在从句中充当宾语，可省略) 2）He gave me a solution that I should take bus for a change. (that引导的是同位语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分，但不可省略 解题思路 从句中缺少状语，先行词是地点，填where；先行词是时间，填when:先行词是原因，填why 先行词是整个主句，填which/as 专项训练 一、语法填空 1．Do you know the reason ______________ fruit and vegetables are often placed at a supermarket entrance? 2．I like big parties ______________ you can dance, have fun and meet new people. 3．I remember the year ____________ we spent our summer vacation at the beach. 4．Do you still remember the days ______________we traveled together? 5．He fell into the condition ______________ his heart disqualified him for military service. 6．She wants a job ______________ her management skills can be put to good use. 7．He wrote a letter ______________ he explained what had happened in the accident. 8．Was it October 1, 1949 ______________the People’s Republic of China was founded? 9．This is the shop ______________we sells children's clothing. 10．She will fly to Washington, ______________ she can enjoy herself. 11．Her father works in a factory, ______________he makes cars. 12．There was once a town in the heart of America, ______________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings. 13．I made friends with Tom during his stay in Beijing, ______________he was studying Chinese in a university there. 14．I had my car parked in a car park, ______________ I could get my car battery charged. 15．Football as we know it today started in Great Britain, ______________ the game was given new rules. 16．We’ll put off the meeting till next week, ______________ we won’t be so occupied with our work. 17．He is good at creating a lovely atmosphere ____________ his students learn actively. 18．Since the first ceremony in 1929, ______________only thirteen awards were given out, the Oscars have grown in size and popularity. 19．The Olympic torch relay began its second day on Thursday (Feb 3) atop the Great Wall, the Thursday morning temperature was -11℃. 20．However, it quickly became a Buddhist learning center, ______________ Buddhist texts were translated into Chinese to be spread from there to other cities throughout China. 二、完成句子 21．Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted to preserve it for the next generation. → _________________________ is that they wanted to preserve it for the next generation. 22．Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases. Beginners of English fail to use the language properly in the cases. →Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases _________________________ . (合并为定语从句) 23．They have reached the stage where they have to make a hard decision.（句型转换） →They have reached the stage on ____________________ they have to make a hard decision. 24．Sadly, ___________________________ the number of monarch butterflies is falling.   不幸的是，人类活动是黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的主要原因。 25．She refused the offer. I’d like to know the reason. (合并成定语从句) →________________________________________________________ 26．I don’t know the reason. He didn’t come to the meeting yesterday for the reason. (合并成定语从句) → __________________________________________________________ 27．He visited the Great Wall again. He went there two years ago. (句型转换) →He visited the Great Wall again, ___________________ he went two years ago. 28．Visitors reached the top of the mountain and from there they had a good view of the beautiful valley. →Visitors reached the top of the mountain,______________________________ . (定语从句) 29．鉴于你对中国文化很感兴趣，我建议你申请北京大学，在那里你可以接触到许多中国文化。 Considering your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, ___________________________________________________________________ 30．游客站在楼顶上，在那里他能够欣赏到美丽的风景。 The tourist was standing on the top of the building,_____________________________________ . 三、翻译 31．她参加了志愿者团队，在那里很快就熟悉了当地的风俗与文化。(where) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 32．我们在一家餐厅吃了午饭，在那里我们品尝了一些深圳特色食物。(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________ 33．我妈妈带我去了花店，在那里我欣赏了各种各样的花草。(where引导的定语从句) ____________________________________________________________________________ 34．还有，你们将有机会学习如何包饺子，这是中国典型的习俗，我相信你们一定会从中感受到快乐。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 35．我们班计划5月30号骑自行车去西湖观看龙舟赛，那时全国范围内庆祝端午节。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： 1．why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你知道水果和蔬菜经常被放在超市入口处的原因吗？定语从句修饰先行词reason，在从句作原因状语，故填why。 2．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我喜欢大型派对，在那里你可以跳舞，玩得开心，认识新朋友。定语从句修饰先行词parties，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 3．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我记得我们在海滩度过暑假的那一年。空格处为定语从句的连接词，修饰the year，从句中句子成分完整，所以需要填入关系副词；先行词为时间，所以用when。故填when。 4．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你还记得我们一起旅行的那些日子吗？设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词the days，在定语从句作时间状语，关系副词when作时间状语引导定语从句。故答案是when。 5．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他陷入这种境地——心脏病使他不符合服兵役的条件。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，从句缺状语，先行词是抽象地点名词“condition”，故用关系副词where或介词+关系代词in which的形式引导定语从句，鉴于该题属于无提示词的语法填空，故最好填一个词。故答案是where。 6．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，从句缺状语，先行词是抽象地点名词job，故用关系副词where引导从句。故答案是where。 7．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他写了一封信，在信里他解释了在事故中发生的事。设空处引导限制性定语从句，设空处指代先行词a letter，在定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 8．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：是1949年10月1日中华人民共和国成立的吗？空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“October 1, 1949”，且在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。 9．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是我们卖儿童服装的商店。分析句子结构，先行词是 the shop，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词 where 引导定语从句，故填where。 10．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她将飞往华盛顿，在那里她可以玩得开心。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Washington，先行词指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 11．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她的父亲在一家工厂工作，他在那里制造汽车。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为factory，作从句的地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。 12．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境和平共处。句中先行词为town，关系词替代先行词在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 13．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当汤姆在北京的一所大学学习中文时，我和他成为了朋友。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为 his stay，指物，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 14．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我把车停在停车场，在那里我可以给汽车电池充电。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词park，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 15．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们今天所知道的足球始于英国，在那里比赛被赋予了新的规则。根据空前主句谓语动词started及空后谓语动词was given可知，空处应为非限制性定语从句引导词，修饰先行词“Great Britain”，从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。 16．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们将把会议推迟到下周，那时我们的工作就不会那么忙了。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词next week，在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when。 17．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他善于创造一个融洽的氛围，在这种氛围中学生积极地学习。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词atmosphere在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 18．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：1929 年的第一次颁奖典礼只颁发了 13个奖项，自那以后，奥斯卡的规模和受欢迎程度增加了。先行词为1929，表示时间，设空处在定语从句中作状语，需用关系副词。故填when。 19．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：周四（2月3日），奥运火炬接力在长城上开始了第二天的传递，周四早上的气温为零下11℃。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the Great Wall，关系词在从句作地点状语，故填where。 20．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：然而，它迅速成为了一个佛教学习中心，许多佛经在这里被译成汉语，从这里传播到中国其他城市。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词“a Buddhist learning center”。先行词在定语从句中做地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 21．The reason why scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple/The reason for which scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：科学家们夜以继日地工作抢救这座寺庙的原因是他们想为下一代保存它。分析转换后的句子可知，原句中的原因状语从句转换为that引导的表语从句，此空处应将原句中的主句转换为定语从句修饰先行词the reason，the reason作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写，Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple为定语从句修饰the reason，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，先行词the reason表示原因，所以使用关系副词why或者是for which引导的定语从句。故填The reason why scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple/The reason for which scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple。 22．where/in which beginners of English fail to use the language properly 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：今天，我们将讨论一些案例。初学英语的人在某些情况下不能正确使用英语。根据句子要求可知，这里需要合成定语从句，先行词为a number of cases，在从句beginners of English fail to use the language properly中作地点状语，所以可用关系副词where或者in which。故填where/in which beginners of English fail to use the language properly。 23．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们已经到了必须做出艰难决定的地步。分析句子结构可知，此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是stage，指物，关系词在从句中作on的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 24．human activities are the main reason why/for which 【详解】考查短语和定语从句。“人类活动”为human activity，泛指，所以用复数形式。“主要原因”为 main reason ，在定语从句中作原因状语，所以用关系副词why或用介词for+which引导定语从句。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故填human activities are the main reason why/for which。 25．I’d like to know the reason why she refused the offer./I’d like to know the reason for which she refused the offer. 【详解】考查限制性定语从句。句意：我想知道她拒绝这个提议的原因。题干分析可知，“I’d like to know the reason.”中的“the reason”是指上一句“她拒绝这个提议（She refused the offer）”的原因；“She refused the offer”可转化为定语从句修饰名词短语the reason；因此，这两个句子可合并为含有定语从句的主从复合句：I’d like to know the reason why she refused the offer.，why she refused the offer为定语从句修饰先行词the reason，关系副词why指代先行词在从句中作原因状语；此外，在此定语从句中关系副词why可以替换为for which，构成“介词+which”引导的限制性定语从句。故答案为：I’d like to know the reason why she refused the offer./I’d like to know the reason for which she refused the offer. 26．I don’t know the reason why he didn’t come to the meeting yesterday./I don’t know the reason for which he didn’t come to the meeting yesterday. 【详解】考查限制性定语从句。句意：我不知道他昨天没来开会的原因。题干分析可知，两个句子中的the reason指代一致，都是指“他昨天没来开会（He didn’t come to the meeting yesterday）”的原因；“He didn’t come to the meeting yesterday for the reason.”可转化为定语从句修饰名词短语the reason；因此，这两个句子可合并为含有定语从句的主从复合句：I don’t know the reason why he didn’t come to the meeting yesterday.，why he didn’t come to the meeting yesterday为定语从句修饰先行词the reason，关系副词why指代先行词在从句中作原因状语；此外，在此定语从句中关系副词why可以替换为for which，构成“介词+which”引导的限制性定语从句。故答案为：I don’t know the reason why he didn’t come to the meeting yesterday./I don’t know the reason for which he didn’t come to the meeting yesterday. 27．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他又参观了长城，他两年前去过那里。原句中，第二句的there指代第一句的the Great Wall，在句中作地点状语，所以这里可改为where引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为the Great Wall。故填where。 28．from where they had a good view of the beautiful valley 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：游客们到达了山顶，从那里他们可以把美丽的山谷尽收眼底。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the top of the mountain，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导，表示“从那里（山顶the top of the mountain）”，此定语从句用from where引导。故填from where they had a good view of the beautiful valley。 29．where you can have/get access to lots of Chinese culture 【详解】考查定语从句和固定搭配。表示“你”应用you；表示“可以”应用can；表示“接触到”应用have/get access to，位于情态动词后面使用动词原形；表示“许多的”应用lots of；表示“中国文化”应用Chinese culture；空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Peking University，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where you can have/get access to lots of Chinese culture。 30．where he could enjoy the beautiful view 【详解】考查定语从句、动词、形容词和名词。对比中英文可知，空处表示“在那里他能够欣赏到美丽的风景”，且空前有逗号，空处是对前面the top of the building的补充说明，可用关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the top of the building在从句中作地点状语，主语“他”用代词he，“能够”用情态动词could，表示是过去发生的事情，“欣赏到”可用动词enjoy，“美丽的风景”可用名词短语the beautiful view。故填where he could enjoy the beautiful view。 31．She joined the volunteer team, where she quickly became familiar with local customs and culture. 【详解】考查时态、定语从句。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，“在那里很快就熟悉了当地的风俗与文化”为定语从句部分，修饰先行词“志愿者团队”，因关系词在定语从句中做状语表示地点，使用关系副词where引导定语从句，所以定语从句翻译为：where she quickly became familiar with local customs and culture；根据汉语提示，句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，表示“她参加了志愿者团队”含义的表达为：she joined the volunteer team，故翻译为：She joined the volunteer team, where she quickly became familiar with local customs and culture。 32．We had lunch in a restaurant, where we tasted some food of Shenzhen specialty. 【详解】考查定语从句。“吃午饭”使用动词短语have lunch，“在一家餐厅”译为介词短语in a restaurant，“在那里我们品尝了一些深圳特色食物”译为一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是restaurant，“品尝”使用动词taste，“一些深圳特色食物”译为some food of Shenzhen specialty，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，句子是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故翻译为：We had lunch in a restaurant, where we tasted some food of Shenzhen specialty. 33．My mother took me to a flower shop, where I enjoyed all kinds of flowers and plants. 【详解】考查定语从句。该句主句部分“我妈妈带我去了花店”可使用名词短语my mother作主语，take somebody to(带某人去某地) 作谓语，使用一般过去时，宾格me作宾语，“花店”翻译为a flower shop，作介词to的宾语；表示“在那里我欣赏了各种各样的花草”可使用定语从句修饰先行词“a flower shop”，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应使用关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句；从句主语是I，“欣赏”是动词enjoy作谓语，描述过去发生的事，使用一般过去时态，“各种各样的花草”翻译为all kinds of flowers and plants作宾语。故翻译为My mother took me to a flower shop, where I enjoyed all kinds of flowers and plants. 34．In addition, you will have a chance to learn how to make dumplings, which is a typical Chinese custom, where I believe you are sure to have great fun. 【详解】考查时态，动词短语和非限制性定语从句。根据汉语句子分析，“你们将有机会学习如何包饺子”为主句，“这是中国典型的习俗”为“包饺子”的非限制性定语从句，“我相信你们一定会从中感受到快乐”为从句中“习俗”的非限制性定语从句。其中，“还有”用介词短语“in addition”表达，置于句首，“in”首字母大写。主句“有机会（做某事）”用动词短语“have a chance to do”表达，动词“have”作谓语动词，结合语境可知，用一般将来时；“学习如何包饺子”用动词短语“learn how to make dumplings”表达。“这是中国典型的习俗”中“这”指代前文“包水饺”这件事，即，为先行词，用关系代词which作引导词，从句中作主语；“是”做该从句的系动词，结合语境和主语可知，这里用“is”表达；“中国典型的习俗”用短语“a typical Chinese custom”表达。“我相信你们一定会从中感受到快乐”中的“从中”即为“从这个习俗中”，因此，先行词为“a custom”，在该从句中作抽象地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句；“相信”用“believe”表达，时态为一般现在时；“你一定会感受到快乐”作“believe”的宾语从句，“一定会做某事”用短语“be sure to”表达，结合语境和主语，be用“are”；“感受到快乐”用动词短语“have great fun”表达，置于不定式符号to之后。故翻译为：In addition, you will have a chance to learn how to make dumplings, which is a typical Chinese custom, where I believe you are sure to have great fun. 35．Our class is planning to cycle to the West Lake to watch the dragon boat race on May 30, when the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated nationwide. 【详解】考查定语从句、名词（短语）、动词（短语）、副词和非谓语动词。可将句子处理为主从复合句，将“那是全国范围内庆祝端午节”看作是对“5月30号”的补充说明，用非限制性定语从句表示；主句中主语“我们班”可用名词短语our class，视作一个整体，“计划做某事”可用动词短语plan to do sth.，表示非正式的打算，应用现在进行时表将来，be动词应用is，“骑自行车去西湖”可用动词短语cycle to the West Lake，cycle应用原形，“观看龙舟赛”可用动词短语watch the dragon boat race，且因为是作目的状语，watch需用不定式的形式，时间状语“5月30号”用介词短语on May 30；非限制性定语从句的先行词是May 30，先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when作引导词，“全国范围内庆祝端午节”可理解为“端午节在全国范围内被庆祝”，主语“端午节”用固定表达the Dragon Boat Festival，为单数，“庆祝”可用动词celebrate，和主语之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，且此处描述通常性的行为，时态应用一般现在时，be动词应用is，地点状语“在全国范围内”可用副词nationwide。故可译为：Our class is planning to cycle to the West Lake to watch the dragon boat race on May 30, when the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated nationwide. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$