2024年仁爱科普版中考英语语法专题之动词不定式课件

动词不定式 To see is to believe. It is better to give than to take. To lose is to learn. Guess? 眼见为实。 给予比接受更好。 失败就是学习。 动词不定式 一.定义 (1)动词不定式是一种非谓语形式(不能作谓语,但可以作其它成分,如主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。) To be a teacher is my dream. My plan is to go on a three-day visit to Mount Tai. He gets up early to catch the early bus. My sister asks me to go to the movies with her. 主语 表语 目的状语 宾语补足语 (2)基本形式:to do (to是不定式符号的标志,无意义,可以不翻译) 肯定式:to + 动词原形 否定式:not to + 动词原形 He asks us to go swimming with him. He asks us not to go swimming with him. 注意:动词不定式还有一种不带to的不定式(动词原形),本课内容主要是指带to的动词不定式。 二.用法 1.作主语 (1)动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 To learn English well _(be) useful. is To do morning exercises _(make) me healthy. makes To learn a new language _(need) our hard work. needs (2)动词不定式作主语时,为了保持句子平衡,常用 it 做形式主语 ,而将真正的主语(即动词不定式)后置。 It's very nice of you to help me with the heavy box. It is/was + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 表示人物特征的形容词: brave, careless, careful, clever, foolish, good, honest, kind,sweet,stupid等等。 谢谢你送我这么好的礼物。_ 出这样的错她真是太蠢了。_ It's kind of you to send this nice present to me. It's stupid of her to make such a mistake. It's quite important for us to take care of the environment. It is/was + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 表示事物性质的静态形容词: essential,easy,difficult, important, hard , necessary, possible等等。 每天练习说英语对于我们来说是很有必要的。 _ It is necessary for us to practice speaking English every day. 2.作表语 动词不定式可作表语,说明主语的具体内容。 My work is to clean the room every day. The next step(步骤) is to cut up two apples. What I should do is to finish my homework on time. 3.作宾语 (1)一些及物动词后常跟动词不定式作宾语,这类动词有: agree, decide, forget, fail, hope, learn, try, plan, refuse, want, start, begin, wish, like, love等。 ①Ann agrees _(help) me with my English. ②My deskmate refuses _(accept) my invitation(邀请). ③They tried _(raise) money for the poor. ④He failed _(pass) the math exam yeaterday. to help to accept to raise to pass (2)在 find, think等后跟动词不定式作宾语时,常用it 作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语(即动词不定式)后置。 ①I find it interesting _(watch) movies. ②I thought it possible _(finish) the work on time. to watch to finish sb. find/think it +adj. (for sb.) + to do sth. 某人发现/认为做某事是....样的 4.作宾语补足语 (1)一些动词后可以跟动词不定式作宾语补足语,构成 V. + sb. + to do sth. 这类动词有: advise, allow(允许), ask, encourage, invite, order, teach, tell, want 等。 ①Susan asked a friend _(lend) her some money. ②My brother taught me _(swim). ③Mr.Wang told us _(be) careful. to lend to swim to be (2)使役动词(如make/let)以及感官动词(如see/feel/hear/watch/ notice 等)后常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 V. + sb. + do sth. ①My mother made me _(go) shopping with her. ②Every Saturday I see the little girl _(practice) dancing. ③I notice the boy _(come) across the street . go practice come 5.作定语 (1) 动词不定式作定语,通常放在所修饰词之后。 ①I have a lot of homework to do. 翻译: 我有很多要做的作业。 (2) 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词。 ①如今,大熊猫有越来越少的可居住的陆地。 _ ②没有什么好担心的。 _ Nowadays, the pandas have less and less land to live on. There is nothing to worry about. (3) 不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等,即使是及物动词,不定式后面仍须有相应的介词。 ①请给我一支写字的笔。 _ Please give me a pen to write with. (4) something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。 ①我有一些令人激动的事情要告诉你。 _ I have something exciting to tell you. 6.作状语 动词不定式可作状语,表示目的、原因、结果等。 ①We will sell newspapers to raise money. ②We're all happy to win the football game. ③My brother is too young to go to school. 目的状语 原因状语 结果状语 7.独立结构 to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth, 坦率地说,...... 老实说,...... 老实说,...... 8.其他用法 (1)动词不定式可以和疑问词what, when, where, which, whether, how等连用。 ①你能告诉我接下来做什么吗? _ ②我不确定是否要去野餐。 _ Can you tell me what to do next? I am not sure whether to have a picnic or not. (2)在某些固定词组或某些句型中要用不带to的动词不定式。 ①你最好随身携带一把雨伞。 _ ②你最好不要在太阳下看书。 _ ③为什么不和我们一起去爬山呢? _ _ You had better take an umbrella with you. You had better not read in the sun. Why not go climbing with us? Why don't you go climbing with us? Exercises 一、请画出下列句子的成分。 1.It is dangerous to play on the street. 2.I must study hard to make my dream come true. 3.Mr.Green found a good way to learn English. 4.His job is to help clean up the gardens. 5.Maria invites all of us to take part in her birthday party. 形式主语 V P S S V 状语 目的状语 S V O 定语 S V P S V O OC 二、单项选择。 1.(2023 四川甘孜 统考中考真题)Mike made faces to make his little brother _. A.laughs B.laugh C.to laugh D.laughing 2.(2022 广西桂林 统考中考真题)They are working hard _ tigers. A.saved B.save C.to save 3.(2022 内蒙古呼和浩特 中考真题)Whether sportsmen, sportswomen or volunteers, people used their skills and warmth _ the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics a shining success. A.make B.making C.made D.to make 4.(2022 江苏南通 统考中考真题)We should have a healthy diet, proper exercise and enough sleep _ fit. A.keeping B.to keep C.keep D.kept 5.(2022 广西百色 中考真题)Our teacher often tells us _ across the road when the traffic light is red. A.go B.going C.don’t go D.not to go B C D B D 三、请用所给词的适当形式填空。 1.(2023 湖南永州 统考中考真题)I’ve decided _(stay) away from fried food and soft drinks since I had my medical exam. 2.(2023 甘肃武威 统考中考真题)Let me _ (tell) you about my favorite book. 3.(2022 江苏淮安 统考中考真题)Miss Gao is preparing a talk on how _ (solve) teenager problems. 4.(2022 湖南常德 统考中考真题)In the story of Chang’e, Pang Meng wanted _ (steal偷窃) the medicine. 5.(2022 广西百色 中考真题)Now pupils(小学生) don’t need much time _ (finish) their homework every day. to decide tell to solve to steal to finish THANK YOU $$