精品解析：福建省福州市六校2023-2024学年高一下学期期末联考英语试题

2023-2024学年第二学期高一年段期末六校联考 英语试卷 （满分：150分 完卷时间：120分钟） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does Jennifer like doing most in her free time? A. Doing sports. B. Watching TV. C. Attending a club. 2. How does the man go to work now? A. By bike. B. By bus. C. By car. 3. Where will the woman go next? A. Shanghai. B. Beijing. C. Xi’an. 4. What does Jenny want to do? A. Ski p supper. B. Put the toys back later. C. Help her mother after a while. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. Mike’s childhood. B. Mike’s pets. C. Mike’s favorite animal. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What is Michelle doing there? A. Watching a concert. B. Picking up her sister. C. Buying a birthday gift. 7. What is Michelle? A. A professor. B. A guide. C. A student. 听第7段材料，回答第8至 10题。 8. What will Mark do first? A. Fetch the cake. B. Move the chairs. C. Blow up balloons. 9. When will the party begin? A At 5: 00 pm. B. At 7: 00 pm. C. At 8: 00 pm. 10. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Husband and wife. B. Boss and employee. C. Friends. 听第8段材料，回答第11至14题。 11. Why did Jason go fishing yesterday? A. To have fun with family. B. To relax with colleagues. C. To do some research work. 12. What kind of fish was caught yesterday? A. A new species. B. A fish with a shark-like tail. C. A fish living on the bottom of the sea. 13. What was the weight of the fish? A. About 70 pounds. B. Almost 100 pounds. C. More than 140 pounds. 14. How does the woman probably feel in the end? A. Concerned. B. Excited. C. Curious. 听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。 15. When will the man go to Susan’s house? A. On Wednesday. B. On Thursday. C. On Friday. 16. What does Susan ask the man to do? A. Cut down some trees. B. Plant some vegetables. C. Prepare some garden beds. 17. Where does the conversation take place? A. Over the phone. B. In a garden. C. At the man’s office. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. What can campers do in the camps? A. Learn languages and cultures. B. Travel to China. C. Visit Spain. 19. How long do half-day camps last? A.3 hours. B.4 hours. C. 5 hours. 20. Why does the speaker give the talk? A. To introduce camps to her students. B. To advertise the summer camps. C. To tell campers what to do. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Make Space in Your Summer for Free Fun You don’t have to go to the moon to meet an astronaut; You can do it at the Air and Space Museum on July 16. Pioneering pilot Amelia Earhart disappeared on a flight around the globe in 1937. But she’ll be at the National Air and Space Museum on July 16 — the museum’s first Family Day of the season — to tell you all about her adventures. (Okay, it’s actually an actress pretending to be Earhart.) NASA astronaut Patrick Forrester will be there to answer your questions, too. Come and learn how space exploration changed the world. Another Family Day event takes place on July 25. At “Discover the Moon Day!” you can steer (驾驶) a robotic rover (a vehicle for exploring the surface of a planet), examine meteorites (陨石) that were found on the moon, see the capsule (太空舱) that took the Apollo 11 astronauts there and back and view photos of the lunar surface using 3-D glasses. You can create lunar art and take a moon quiz. We’ll give you one example: July 20, 1969.. Do you know what happened that day? National Air and Space Museum Independence Avenue at Sixth Street SW Open daily 10 am to 7: 30 pm through September 1 (with a few early closings at 5: 30 pm; visit our website for details). Family Day programmes are from 10 am to 3 pm. Information specialists are available Monday through Friday from 9 am to 5 pm and Saturday from 9 am to 4 pm. All ages, but best for age 7 and older. For more information, call202-633-2214 or go www.airandspace.si.edu. 1. What can museum visitors do on July 16? A. Create lunar art. B. Step into an unusual capsule. C. Learn about a missing woman pilot’s life. D. See a movie about Earhart’s adventures. 2. What do we know about “Discover the Moon Day!”? A. It includes a moon quiz competition. B. It’s the first Family Day at the museum. C. It features a famous astronaut’s explanations. D. It gives people first-hand experience of space. 3. What’s the closing time for the Family Day programmes? A. 3 pm. B. 4 pm. C. 5:30 pm. D. 7:30 pm. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天博物馆活动的相关信息。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Pioneering pilot Amelia Earhart disappeared on a flight around the globe in 1937. But she’ll be at the National Air and Space Museum on July 16 — the museum’s first Family Day of the season —to tell you all about her adventures.(1937年，先驱飞行员阿梅莉亚·埃尔哈特在环球飞行中失踪。但她将于7月16日，也就是博物馆本季的第一个家庭日，来到国家航空航天博物馆，向你讲述她的冒险经历)”可知，7月16日，博物馆游客可以了解一名失踪女飞行员的生平。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“At “Discover the Moon Day!” you can steer (驾驶) a robotic rover (a vehicle for exploring the surface of a planet), examine meteorites (陨石) that were found on the moon, see the capsule (太空舱) that took the Apollo 11 astronauts there and back and view photos of the lunar surface using 3-D glasses.(在“发现月球日”，你可以驾驶机器人漫游车（一种探索行星表面的工具），检查在月球上发现的陨石，观看阿波罗11号宇航员乘坐的太空舱，并使用3D眼镜来回观看月球表面的照片)”可知，该活动给人们提供亲身体验太空的机会。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Family Day programmes are from 10 am to 3 pm.(家庭日节目时间为上午10时至下午3时)”可知，家庭日节目于下午3时结束。故选A。 B I didn’t quite know what I was looking for when I flew to Mongolia for a term abroad. I just needed something different, far from the late-night libraries of my college town. Most different, I hoped, would be my rural homestay: two weeks in central Mongolia with a family of nomadic(游牧的) herders. I was studying Mongolian at the time, but still, there was so much I couldn’t say or understand. As we walked in the snow behind the goats, my host mom would ask me if I was cold, then giggle (咯咯地笑) and copy a big shiver to make sure I understood. In the evenings, she showed me how to make dumplings with her fingers. My host siblings would talk with me, speaking too fast for me to understand, as we explored the rocks around our tent; I’d listen and nod. This verbal(言语的) barrier was strangely freeing. In the crowded dining hall at home, meeting new people made me anxious. I’d stay quiet, measuring out my words, struggling for something to say that wouldn’t expose me as unfunny or boring. In Mongolia, I couldn’t perfect my words. I could only smile, and try out one of the phrases I’d mastered: “May I help?” “Where is the dog?” “Are you tired?” My host family laughed at my pronunciation, at the way I threw up my hands and eyebrows in a frequent gesture of confusion. But in their laughter, I felt safe, unembarrassed. With my Mongolian family on the grassland, I found a feeling of ease I’d never felt before. We were so different, they and I, and not just in language. Their skin was hardened and darkened by sun; I’d been hidden under hats and sunscreen since birth. My host siblings(兄弟姐妹) grew up drawing water from frozen streams and jogging behind herds of sheep; I spent summers at tennis camp. For me, these gaps made all the difference. Without shared social measures, I wasted no time wondering how I was measuring up. Only real things—kindness, helpfulness—mattered. 4. Why did the author go to Mongolia for a term abroad? A. She dreamed of living a nomadic life. B. She was tired of studying late at night. C. She had to study Mongolians’ normal life. D. She was collecting information for libraries. 5. What does the underlined word “shiver” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Hug. B. Smile. C. Attack. D. Shake. 6. How did the author behave at the dining hall in her home country? A. She felt at ease in the crowd. B. She usually weighed her words. C. She asked a lot of funny questions. D. She often made others laugh with jokes. 7. What did the author learn from her life in Mongolia? A. You are judged wherever you go. B. Nature makes humans feel insignificant. C Appearance reflects one’s standard of life. D. Being kind is the common social standard. 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. B 7. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在蒙古留学的经历，她发现与游牧家庭相处时，语言不再是障碍，善良和真诚才是重要的社会标准。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“I didn’t quite know what I was looking for when I flew to Mongolia for a term abroad. I just needed something different, far from the late-night libraries of my college town.(当我飞往蒙古去国外学习的时候，我并不知道我在寻找什么。我只是需要一些不同的东西，远离我大学城的深夜图书馆)”可知，作者去蒙古留学一学期是因为她厌倦了深夜学习。故选B。 【5题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段的“I was studying Mongolian at the time, but still, there was so much I couldn’t say or understand. As we walked in the snow behind the goats, my host mom would ask me if I was cold, then giggle and copy a big shiver to make sure I understood.(当时我正在学习蒙古语，但仍然有很多东西我说不出来或听不懂。当我们跟在山羊后面走在雪地里的时候，我的寄宿妈妈问我冷不冷，然后咯咯地笑，并模仿一个大大的……，以确保我明白)”可知，因为下雪了天冷而作者不能完全听懂蒙古语，因此寄宿妈妈会做一个发抖的动作问作者冷不冷，则划线词意为：颤抖。故选D。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的“In the crowded dining hall at home, meeting new people made me anxious. I’d stay quiet, measuring out my words, struggling for something to say that wouldn’t expose me as unfunny or boring. (在国内拥挤的食堂里，结识新朋友让我感到焦虑。我会保持安静，掂量着自己的用词，挣扎着想说点什么，这样才不会让人觉得我无趣或无聊)”可知，作者在国内的食堂里经常斟酌用词以避免说话的无趣。故选B。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“For me, these gaps made all the difference. Without shared social measures, I wasted no time wondering how I was measuring up. Only real things—kindness, helpfulness—mattered.(对我来说，这些差距让一切变得不同。没有共同的社交衡量标准，我没有浪费时间去想我是如何衡量的。只有真正的东西——善良，乐于助人——才是重要的)”可知，作者从她在蒙古的生活中感悟到善良是共同的社会准则，不分国度。故选D。 C Imagine you found a wallet containing a stranger’s contact details but no cash. Would you return it to its owner? Now imagine the same wallet contained a few banknotes. Would that change your response? Does it depend on the amount of money? And how do you think other people would react? Honesty makes the world go round. Without people trusting in one another, society would fall apart. Honesty is therefore studied academically. Most work in the area, though, takes place under controlled conditions in labs, often featuring (以……为特点) well-off and well-educated Westerners as its subjects. By contrast, Alain Cohn of the University of Michigan and his colleagues have taken such behavioral economics around the world, covering 40 countries, 355 cities and more than 17,000 people. As the team reported this week in Science, Dr Cohn’s research assistants entered public buildings. They handed in a wallet to the receptionist, saying they had found it on the street outside. Each wallet contained contact details. Importantly, some wallets also included $13.45, while others not. Then, the team simply waited to see who would return the wallet. In 38 of the 40 countries, the wallets with money were returned more often than those without (51% vs 40%). In addition, wallets containing a larger sum of money ($94.15) were even more likely (by about another 10%) to be returned than those with less. With greater temptation (诱惑), then, comes greater honesty —at least when it comes to lost wallets. Interestingly, though, such honesty is not reflected in people’s expectations of others. When surveyed, most of 299 volunteers predicted that the more money in a wallet, the less likely it would be returned. A certain doubt about the motives of others is probably good for survival. But the warm inner thought of “doing the right thing” is also a powerful motivation. How this altruism developed is much debated—particularly when it extends, as in Dr Cohn’s experiments, to strangers whom the altruist has no expectation of ever meeting. Be that as it may, as this study shows, such altruism is real and universal. 8. How is Alain Cohn’s research different from the previous? A. It was carried out in controlled situations. B. More scientists participated in the research. C. It covered varied subjects and backgrounds. D. It took no account of well-educated Westerners. 9. What can we learn from the research? A. Rate of honesty varies among countries. B. People prefer returning wallets without money. C. The less money in a wallet, the higher rate of returning. D. Wallets with more money are more likely to be given back. 10. What can be inferred from paragraph 5? A. People are more honest than we expect. B. People tend to expect honesty from others. C. More money always means greater honesty. D. Most people lose honesty facing great temptation. 11. What does the underlined word “altruism” in the last paragraph mean? A. Doubt of others’ motivations. B. Understanding of people’s doubt. C. The motivation for survival. D. Concern for others’ needs. 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Alain Cohn博士进行了一项用金钱参与的研究，试图探测不同人的诚实度。研究表明，人们的诚实是真实而普遍的。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Most work in the area, though, takes place under controlled conditions in labs, often featuring (以……为特点) well-off and well-educated Westerners as its subjects. By contrast, Alain Cohn of the University of Michigan and his colleagues have taken such behavioral economics around the world, covering 40 countries, 355 cities and more than 17,000 people.(然而，该地区的大多数工作都是在受控条件下在实验室进行的，通常以富裕且受过良好教育的西方人为特点。相比之下，密歇根大学的Alain Cohn和他的同事们将这种行为经济学带到了世界各地，覆盖了40个国家、355个城市和17000多人)”可知，Alain Cohn的研究与以往不同，这表现在他的研究涵盖了不同的对象和背景。故选C项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“In 38 of the 40 countries, the wallets with money were returned more often than those without (51% vs 40%). In addition, wallets containing a larger sum of money ($94.15) were even more likely (by about another 10%) to be returned than those with less.(在40个国家中的38个国家，有钱的钱包比没有钱的钱包更经常被退回（51%对40%）。此外，与金额较少的钱包相比，金额较大（94.15美元）的钱包更有可能被退回（差距约10%）)”可知，研究表明，钱包里的钱越多，就越有可能被归还。故选D项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“With greater temptation (诱惑), then, comes greater honesty —at least when it comes to lost wallets. Interestingly, though, such honesty is not reflected in people’s expectations of others.(诱惑越大，诚实就越大——至少在钱包丢失的时候是这样。然而，有趣的是，这种诚实并没有反映在人们对他人的期望中)”可知，与对他人的期望相比，实际上，人们更诚实。故选A项。 【11题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“A certain doubt about the motives of others is probably good for survival. But the warm inner thought of “doing the right thing” is also a powerful motivation. How this altruism developed is much debated—particularly when it extends, as in Dr Cohn’s experiments, to strangers whom the altruist has no expectation of ever meeting. Be that as it may, as this study shows, such altruism is real and universal.(对他人动机的某种怀疑可能有利于生存。但“做正确的事”这种温暖的内心想法也是一种强大的动力。altruism是如何发展起来的，尤其是当它延伸到利他主义者不希望遇到的陌生人时，就像科恩博士的实验一样。尽管如此，正如这项研究所表明的那样，这种altruism是真实而普遍的)”可知，尽管对他人动机的某种怀疑可能有利于生存，但是altruism是真实而普遍的，推测altruism表示的是关心他人的需求的行为，即Concern for others’ needs。故选D项。 D The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 12. What does the author say about silence in conversations? A. It implies anger. B. It promotes friendship. C. It is culture-specific. D. It is content-based. 13. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A. The Chinese. B. The French. C. The Mexicans. D. The Russians. 14. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A. Let it continue as the patient pleases. B. Break it while treating patients. C. Evaluate its harm to patients. D. Make use of its healing effects. 15. What may be the best title for the text? A. Sound and Silence B. What It Means to Be Silent C. Silence to Native Americans D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold 【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. 可知，沉默的含义因文化群体而异，交谈中的沉默也可能表示固执、不安或担忧。所以作者认为谈话中的沉默是有文化特性的。故选C项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing可知，许多印第安人珍视沉默，认为这是人与人之间交流的基本组成部分，就像一些传统的中国人和泰国人一样。因此，当一个来自其中一种文化的人说话时突然停下来，暗示说话者想要倾听者在继续之前思考一下所说过的话。所以中国人认为谈话时人们沉默是为了让别人思考。故选A项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据末段末句A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients 可知，了解沉默的治疗价值的护士可以利用这种了解来帮助护理病人。所以作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人。故选D 。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups”可知， 沉默的含义因文化群体而异。以及先问介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义。所以短文的最佳标题是“沉默意味着什么”。故选B 。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Florence Nightingale was named after her birthplace, Florence, Italy. When she was almost a year old, she returned with her family to England. Florence often helped her mother deliver(运送) food to the poor and sick.___16___ Her family was shocked because nursing was not a respected profession. But Florence was determined. She studied books on medicine. Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learned everything she could.___17___ In 1854, Britain was at war with Russia. Florence went to the British hospital in Scutari (now Üsküdar in Istanbul) and she was shocked. The hospital left men lying on the floor, and rats were running everywhere.___18___ Many soldiers died before receiving help. The doctors wouldn’t listen to Florence because they didn’t like the idea of women in army hospitals—until one day 500 unexpected casualties(伤亡者) arrived. ___19___ Florence made changes, making sure the men were washed and their injuries were cared for. Every night she would check the patients with her lamp. When she returned home after the war, a fund had been set up in her honor. Many of the soldiers she had nursed had made contributions(捐款).Now she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London. After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals. ___20___ All of this was because of the “lady with the lamp”. A. Nursing became an honored profession. B. There was no running water and no heat. C. She knew she had much to learn about nursing. D. Florence saw the soldiers’ health had improved. E. As she grew older, she decided to become a nurse. F. They soon realized that Florence knew what she was doing. G. Upon returning home, she was an expert on hospital management. 【答案】16. E 17. G 18. B 19. F 20. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇人物传记类阅读。文章介绍了Nightingale经过多年的努力，使得护理成为了一个令人尊敬的职业。 【16题详解】 下文Her family was shocked because nursing was not a respected profession.说她的家人感到震惊，因为护理不是一个受人尊敬的职业。该空引出下文，E选项“随着Nightingale慢慢长大，她决定要当一名护士”切题，故选E。 【17题详解】 上文Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learned everything she could.说后来，她去了法国、德国和爱尔兰的医院，尽她所能地学习。该空承接上文，G选项“回到英国后，Nightingale已经非常熟悉医院管理方面的知识”切题，故选G。 【18题详解】 B选项“没有自来水，也没有暖气。”与上一句The hospital left men lying on the floor, and rats were running everywhere.（医院的地上到处躺着人，到处都是老鼠）并列，描述医院的惨状，故选B。 【19题详解】 上文The doctors wouldn’t listen to Florence because they didn’t like the idea of women in army hospitals—until one day 500 unexpected casualties(伤亡者) arrived.说医生们不愿听从Florence的建议，因为他们不喜欢军队医院里有女性的存在——直到有一天，500名意外的伤员来到了医院。下文Florence made changes, making sure the men were washed and their injuries were cared for.说Florence做了一些改变，确保这些人被清洗干净，他们的伤势得到了治疗。该空承上启下，F选项“他们很快意识到Florence知道她在做什么”切题，故选F。 【20题详解】 根据上一段末句中的she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London（现在她可以在伦敦建立Nightingale培训学校了。）以及该段中的After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals.（经过多年的努力，Florence Nightingale看到了更干净、更令人愉快的医院。）可知，A选项“Nightingale经过多年的努力，使得护理成为了一个令人尊敬的职业”切题，故选A。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项. I used to walk around the store with my parents, constantly begging for something. I still remember the ___21___ of all the bright bags of chips and candies that I asked my mom to buy for me. At that time, I had no real ___22___ about the value of money. When I was about twelve years old, my dad always ___23___ my begging and told me with an angry face, “You can waste all the money you ___24___ when you have a job.” I listened to him, but I never really understood the message he was trying to ___25___ to me. I ___26___ to find a part-time job when I was 18. One day, a young man handed me a flyer (传单), which said at the top “Looking for a summer job? Be a ___27___!” I started to think about the money I could make, so I ___28___. A few minutes after my application was sent, I got an email from AMS Pools, informing me to have a(n) ___29___ the next day. After I ____30____ the training process, I finally started the job. Every afternoon, I worked in the pool, keeping a close watch on the swimming people. I was proud I rescued several drowning children. And I could earn my pocket money with my skill. However, the more money I made, the less I wanted to ____31____. Instead of wasting my money on ____32____ things, I started saving up. As the pay ____33____, so did my understanding of money. I came to ____34____ that money meant so much more to me because I was the one working for it. Because I value my money, I limit myself to what I buy. I now have 3,300 dollars in my bank ____35____. 21. A. photo B. scene C. symbol D. dream 22. A. knowledge B. command C. skill D. technology 23. A. followed B. appreciated C. refused D. accepted 24. A. earn B. spot C. lose D. discover 25. A. announce B. express C. introduce D. admit 26. A. failed B. agreed C. pretended D. decided 27. A. waiter B. secretary C. nurse D. lifeguard 28. A. applied B. quit C. stayed D. stopped 29. A. instruction B. interview C. performance D. flight 30. A. came across B. took over C. gave up D. went through 31. A. eat B. save C. spend D. do 32. A. meaningful B. useless C. important D. necessary 33. A. increased B. remained C. dropped D. floated 34. A. complain B. comment C. regret D. realize 35. A. account B. password C. book D. logo (徽标) 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者小时候总是向父母要东西，但是后来爸爸总是拒绝作者的要求。作者长大后自己做兼职打工赚钱，终于意识到钱来之不易，知道了金钱的价值。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我仍然记得我要妈妈给我买那些鲜艳的袋装的炸薯条和糖果的场景。A. photo照片；B. scene场景，情景；C. symbol象征；D. dream梦想。根据上文“I used to walk around the store with my parents, constantly begging for something.”可知，作者总是让父母给他买东西，此处指作者仍然记着缠着父母买东西的场景。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时候，还没有真正认识到金钱的价值。A. knowledge知识，了解；B. command命令，控制；C. skill技能；D. technology技术。根据下文“When I was about twelve years old, my dad always ___3___ my begging and told me with an angry face, ‘You can waste all the money you ___4___ when you have a job.’ I listened to him, but I never really understood the message he was trying to ___5___ to me.”以及下文“I came to ___14___ that money meant so much more to me because I was the one working for it. ”可知， 那时候作者并不真正了解金钱的价值。固定搭配have knowledge about something意为“了解……”。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我大约十二岁时，我父亲总是拒绝我的乞求，并生气地对我说：“当你工作时，你可以浪费你挣来的所有钱。”A. followed跟随；B. appreciated欣赏；C. refused拒绝；D. accepted 接受。根据下文“told me with an angry face”可知，父亲对我总是要钱买东西很生气，所以他应是拒绝作者买东西的请求。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我大约十二岁时，我父亲总是拒绝我的乞求，并生气地对我说：“当你工作时，你可以浪费你挣来的所有钱。”A. earn赚取；B. spot发现，注意到；C. lose丢失；D. discover发现。结合空前“You can waste all the money”以及空后“when you have a job”可知，父亲说的是作者自己工作时赚的钱。earn money意为“赚钱”。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我听了他的话，但我从没有真正地理解他试图表达给我的信息。A. announce宣布；B. express表达；C. introduce介绍；D. admit承认。“he was trying to ___5___ to me”是省略了关系代词的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the message，在从句中作宾语。结合前文“I listened to him, but I never understood the message”可知，尽管听了父亲的话，但是并不能理解父亲所说的话要表达的信息。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：18岁时，我决定找一份兼职工作。A. failed失败；B. agreed同意；C. pretended假装；D. decided决定。根据下文“I started to think about the money I could make, so I ___8___. A few minutes after my application was sent, I got an email from AMS Pools, informing me to have a(n) ___9___ the next day.”可知，作者决定做兼职赚钱，发了求职邮件。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天，一个年轻人递给我一张传单，上面写着：“正在寻找暑期工作？成为一名救生员吧！”A. waiter服务员；B. secretary秘书；C. nurse护士；D. lifeguard救生员。根据下文“A few minutes after my application was sent, I got an email from AMS Pools, informing me to have a(n) ___9___ the next day.”以及“Every afternoon, I worked in the pool, keeping a close watch on the swimming people. I was proud I rescued several drowning children.”可知，作者找到的兼职是在游泳馆当救生员，由此可知，年轻人递给作者的传单是招救生员的。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始思考我可以挣点钱，因此我申请了这个工作。A. applied申请；B. quit离开，放弃；C. stayed停留；D. stopped停止。根据下句“A few minutes after my application was sent, I got an email from AMS Pools”可知，作者申请了上文所提到的救生员的工作。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的申请提交过了几分钟后，我收到了AMS泳池的一封电子邮件，通知我第二天要面试。A. instruction说明；B. interview面试；C. performance表演；D. flight飞行。根据句中“A few minutes after my application was sent, I got an email from AMS Pools”以及常识可知，作者申请了这份工作，收到一封邮件，通知作者进行面试。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在我经过了训练过程后，我终于开始工作了。A. came across偶然遇见；B. took over接管；C. gave up放弃；D. went through经历，经过。根据句中“I finally started the job”可知，作者经过培训后开始工作了。短语go through sth意为“经过/经历某过程”符合语境。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我赚的越多，我想花费的反而越少。A. eat吃；B. save节约，储蓄；C. spend花费；D. do做。根据句首的“However”以及下文“Instead of wasting my money on ___12___ things, I started saving up.”可知，作者虽然挣了钱，反而花的越少，开始把钱攒了起来。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不是把钱浪费在无用的东西上，而是开始存钱。A. meaningful有意义的；B. useless无用的；C. important重要的；D. necessary必要的，必须的。由空前的“wasting my money on”可知作者不再把钱浪费在无用的东西上，把钱花费在没有用的东西上才是浪费，因此，useless符合语境。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着工资的增加，我对金钱的理解也随之增加。A. increased增加；B. remained仍然是；C. dropped降低，减少；D. floated漂浮。根据下文“I came to ___14___ that money meant so much more to me because I was the one working for it. Because I value my money, I limit myself to what I buy.”可知，作者对于金钱的理解在增加，结合句中的“so did my understanding of money(金钱的理解也是如此)”可知作者工资在增加，对钱的理解也随着增加。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始意识到金钱对我来说意味着很多，因为我是为它而工作的人。A. complain抱怨；B. comment评论；C. regret后悔；D. realize实现，意识到。根据上文“At that time, I had no real ___2___ about the value of money.”、“As the pay ___13___, so did my understanding of money.”以及空后的“that money meant so much more to me.”可知，暑期做兼职赚钱让作者开始意识到了钱的价值。固定搭配come to realize“开始意识到”符合句意。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在我的银行账户有3300美元的存款了。A. account账户；B. password密码；C. book书；D. logo徽标。根据上文“Instead of wasting my money on ___12___ things, I started saving up.”以及句中的“bank”可知，作者把钱存在银行里，现在银行账户里有3300美元的存款，bank account意为“银行账户”符合语境。故选A。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s space programme started later than ____36____ (that) of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time. China became the third country in the world to ____37____ (independent) send humans into space in 2003, ____38____ Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed ____39____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, ____40____ (follow) by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. On 23 July 2020, Tianwen I ____41____ (send) by China to explore the surface of Mars. It arrived in February 2021 and then sent back lots of ____42____ (value) information. And from 2021 to 2022, China completed a number of rocket missions to establish its own space station. In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module signaled the basic ____43____ (complete) of the Tiangong Space Station. This modern space station will allow astronauts ____44____ (conduct) many important experiments, greatly ____45____ (further) our understanding of the universe. 【答案】36. those 37. independently 38 when 39. the 40. followed 41. was sent 42. valuable 43. completion 44. to conduct 45. furthering 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了中国航天发展取得的成就。 【36题详解】 考查代词。句意：中国的太空计划比俄罗斯和美国起步晚，但在短时间内取得了巨大进展。空处指代俄罗斯和美国的太空计划，即指代space programmes，为复数形式，为了避免重复，用those代替前面提到的同类事物。故填those。 【37题详解】 考查副词。句意：2003年，杨利伟乘坐神舟五号飞船成功环绕地球轨道飞行，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家，当时。此处independently修饰动词send，应用副词形式。故填independently。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词2003，先行词表示时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。 【39题详解】 考查冠词。句意：随后，神舟六号和七号完成了第二次载人轨道飞行和中国首次太空行走，紧接着玉兔号探测车被送往月球研究其表面。此处second为序数词，修饰manned orbit，表示“第二次载人轨道飞行”，second前应加上定冠词the。故填the。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。句中已有谓语completed，空处作非谓语动词，结合语意，follow与逻辑主语Shenzhou 6 and 7之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作状语。故填followed。 【41题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：2020年7月23日，天问一号被中国发射，旨在探索火星表面。根据时间状语On 23 July 2020可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，故使用一般过去时，Tianwen I与send之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是单数，be动词使用was。故填was sent。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它于2021年2月到达，然后发回了许多宝贵的信息。结合语意可知，此处表示宝贵的信息，空处value需用其形容词形式valuable，修饰information。故填valuable。 【43题详解】 考查名词。句意：2022年，梦天实验舱的发射标志着天宫空间站基本建成。此处complete需用其名词形式completion，作signaled的宾语，不可数。故填completion。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个现代化的空间站将允许宇航员进行许多重要的实验，极大地推进了我们对宇宙的理解。allow sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”。故填to conduct。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。句中已有谓语will allow，空处作非谓语动词，且结合语意，宇航员可以进行许多重要实验，自然而然的结果是推进我们对宇宙的理解，所以空处应用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填furthering。 第四部分 课内知识（共两节，满分15分） 第一节（共7小题；每小题1分，满分7分） 根据语境，选择框中单词或短语替换句中划线部分的单词或短语，使之意思一致。 A. sought B. launched C. unfolded D. majority E. in despair F. lacking in G. under construction 46. He gave up the struggle hopelessly. 47. The bird spread open its wings and flew away. 48. They looked for somewhere to shelter, but failed. 49. At last the organisation started a campaign to protect the river. 50. Though short of experience, Jack made up for it in enthusiasm. 51. In the nursing profession, women are in the largest part of the group. 52. I had to choose another way back home, because the road to my house was being built at the moment. 【答案】46. E 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. F 51. D 52. G 【解析】 【46题详解】 考查副词。句意：他绝望地放弃了斗争。划线单词hopelessly的意思为“绝望地”，与E选项“in despair”意为“绝望地”的意义相近，在句中作状语。故选E项。 【47题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：那只鸟展开翅膀飞走了。划线短语spread open的意思为“展开”，与C选项“unfolded”意为“展开”的意义相近，在句中作谓语。故选C项。 【48题详解】 考查动词。句意：他们找地方避雨，但没有找到。划线单词looked与空后for为固定短语，意为“寻找”，与A选项“sought”与介词for构成的短语sought for意为“寻找”的意义相近，在句中作谓语。故选A项。 【49题详解】 考查动词。句意：最后，该组织发起了一场保护河流的运动。划线单词started的意思为“发动，发起”，与B选项“launched”意为“发起”的意义相近，在句中作谓语。故选B项。 【50题详解】 考查形容词短语。句意：杰克虽然缺乏经验，但热情弥补了这一点。划线短语short of的意思为“缺乏”，与F选项“lacking in”意为“缺乏”的意义相近。故选F项。 【51题详解】 考查名词短语。句意：在护理职业中，女性占最大比例。划线部分largest part of the group的意思为“大部分”，与D选项“majority”意为“大部分，大多数”的意义相近，在句中作宾语。故选D项。 【52题详解】 考查现在分词短语。句意：我不得不选择另一条回家的路，因为当时通往我家的路正在修建中。划线部分being built的意思为“正在建设中”，与G选项“under construction”意为“在建设中”的意义相近，在句中作表语。故选G项。 第二节（共8小题；每小题1分，满分8分） 根据语境选择下框中的单词或短语，必要时用正确的形式填空，框中有两个为多余的单词或者短语。 argue admit permit lack spot apologise determine in case（of） run out（of） judge from 53. ________ difficulty, just call on me. 54. He is always ________ money before payday. 55. Beyond ________, smoking is harmful to health. 56. ________ her last letter, she is having a wonderful time. 57. Someone ________ him leaving the building soon afterwards. 58. In the lab don’t touch anything without your teacher’s ________. 59. He made a sincere ________ to me for spilling coffee on my dress. 60. She gave me a ________ look --- the kind that said she would not change her mind. 【答案】53. In case of 54. running out of 55. argument 56. Judging from 57. spotted 58. permission 59. apology 60. determined 【解析】 【分析】 【53题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：如果有困难，就打电话给我。此处表示“如果发生某种情况”，应用短语in case of，句首单词首字母大写，故填In case of。 【54题详解】 考查动词短语和时态。句意：他总是在发薪日之前就用完了钱。此处表示“用完”，为短语run out of，由is always可知，此处应用现在进行时，be always doing表示“总是做某事”，带有一种感情色彩，故填running out of。 【55题详解】 考查名词。句意：无可争议的是，吸烟有害健康。beyond argument固定搭配，意为“毋庸置疑”，故填argument。 56题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：从她最近一封信来看，她过得很愉快。此处表示“从……来判断”为固定搭配judging from，作状语，句首单词首字母大写，故填Judging from。 【57题详解】 考查动词。句意：不久之后，有人发现他离开了大楼。此处表示“发现”为动词spot，作谓语，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填spotted。 【58题详解】 考查名词。句意：实验室里，未经老师允许，不得触碰任何东西。此处表示“允许”，为名词permission作宾语，不可数，故填permission。 【59题详解】 考查名词。句意：他因为把咖啡洒在了我的衣服上而向我真诚地道歉。此处表示“道歉”应用名词apology，由a可知，应用单数，故填apology。 【60题详解】 考查形容词。句意：她用坚定的目光看着我——仿佛在说她不会改变主意。此处表示“坚定的”为形容词determined作定语，修饰名词look，故填determined。 第五部分 写作（满分25分） 61. 假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Jim在了解中国完成世界首次月球背面采样（sampling）的新闻后，发来邮件和你讨论探月话题。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1.月亮在中国文化中的寓意； 2.你对人类探月活动的看法。 注意： 1.词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jim, I’m glad to share with you about my strong interest in moon exploration. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Jim, I’m glad to share with you about my strong interest in moon exploration. It started with what I had been told about the moon as a kid. In Chinese culture, the moon is a symbol of beauty and purity. Also, it reminds people of their family and friends far away. Humans have never stopped exploring our closest neighbor, which I believe is of great significance. The development of relevant technology promotes the progress of science in general, which benefits our everyday life. What’s more, I think moon exploration shows an important human trait — curiosity about the unknown, which is the driving force that has brought our humans this far. What do you usually think about when you gaze at the moon? Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。美国笔友Jim在了解中国完成世界首次月球背面采样的新闻后，发来邮件和考生讨论探月话题，要求考生按照要求给他回复邮件。 【详解】1.词汇积累 象征：symbol→ emblem 停止：stop→ cease 探索：explore→ plumb 重要的：important→ significant 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Humans have never stopped exploring our closest neighbor, which I believe is of great significance. 拓展句：I believe it is of great significance that humans have never stopped exploring our closest neighbor. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It started with what I had been told about the moon as a kid.（运用了what引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】The development of relevant technology promotes the progress of science in general, which benefits our everyday life.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2023-2024学年第二学期高一年段期末六校联考 英语试卷 （满分：150分 完卷时间：120分钟） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does Jennifer like doing most in her free time? A. Doing sports. B. Watching TV. C. Attending a club. 2. How does the man go to work now? A. By bike. B. By bus. C. By car. 3. Where will the woman go next? A. Shanghai. B. Beijing. C. Xi’an. 4. What does Jenny want to do? A. Ski p supper. B. Put the toys back later. C. Help her mother after a while. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. Mike’s childhood. B. Mike’s pets. C. Mike’s favorite animal. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What is Michelle doing there? A Watching a concert. B. Picking up her sister. C. Buying a birthday gift. 7. What is Michelle? A. A professor. B. A guide. C. A student. 听第7段材料，回答第8至 10题。 8. What will Mark do first? A. Fetch the cake. B. Move the chairs. C. Blow up balloons. 9. When will the party begin? A. At 5: 00 pm. B. At 7: 00 pm. C. At 8: 00 pm. 10. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Husband and wife. B. Boss and employee. C. Friends. 听第8段材料，回答第11至14题。 11. Why did Jason go fishing yesterday? A. To have fun with family. B. To relax with colleagues. C. To do some research work. 12. What kind of fish was caught yesterday? A. A new species. B. A fish with a shark-like tail. C. A fish living on the bottom of the sea. 13. What was the weight of the fish? A. About 70 pounds. B. Almost 100 pounds. C. More than 140 pounds. 14. How does the woman probably feel in the end? A. Concerned. B. Excited. C. Curious. 听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。 15. When will the man go to Susan’s house? A. On Wednesday. B. On Thursday. C. On Friday. 16. What does Susan ask the man to do? A. Cut down some trees. B. Plant some vegetables. C. Prepare some garden beds. 17. Where does the conversation take place? A. Over the phone. B. In a garden. C. At the man’s office. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. What can campers do in the camps? A. Learn languages and cultures. B. Travel to China. C. Visit Spain. 19. How long do half-day camps last? A.3 hours. B.4 hours. C. 5 hours. 20. Why does the speaker give the talk? A. To introduce camps to her students. B. To advertise the summer camps. C. To tell campers what to do. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Make Space in Your Summer for Free Fun You don’t have to go to the moon to meet an astronaut; You can do it at the Air and Space Museum on July 16. Pioneering pilot Amelia Earhart disappeared on a flight around the globe in 1937. But she’ll be at the National Air and Space Museum on July 16 — the museum’s first Family Day of the season — to tell you all about her adventures. (Okay, it’s actually an actress pretending to be Earhart.) NASA astronaut Patrick Forrester will be there to answer your questions, too. Come and learn how space exploration changed the world. Another Family Day event takes place on July 25. At “Discover the Moon Day!” you can steer (驾驶) a robotic rover (a vehicle for exploring the surface of a planet), examine meteorites (陨石) that were found on the moon, see the capsule (太空舱) that took the Apollo 11 astronauts there and back and view photos of the lunar surface using 3-D glasses. You can create lunar art and take a moon quiz. We’ll give you one example: July 20, 1969.. Do you know what happened that day? National Air and Space Museum Independence Avenue at Sixth Street SW Open daily 10 am to 7: 30 pm through September 1 (with a few early closings at 5: 30 pm; visit our website for details). Family Day programmes are from 10 am to 3 pm. Information specialists are available Monday through Friday from 9 am to 5 pm and Saturday from 9 am to 4 pm. All ages, but best for age 7 and older. For more information, call202-633-2214 or go www.airandspace.si.edu. 1. What can museum visitors do on July 16? A. Create lunar art. B. Step into an unusual capsule. C. Learn about a missing woman pilot’s life. D. See a movie about Earhart’s adventures. 2. What do we know about “Discover the Moon Day!”? A. It includes a moon quiz competition. B. It’s the first Family Day at the museum. C. It features a famous astronaut’s explanations. D. It gives people first-hand experience of space. 3. What’s the closing time for the Family Day programmes? A. 3 pm. B. 4 pm. C. 5:30 pm. D. 7:30 pm. B I didn’t quite know what I was looking for when I flew to Mongolia for a term abroad. I just needed something different, far from the late-night libraries of my college town. Most different, I hoped, would be my rural homestay: two weeks in central Mongolia with a family of nomadic(游牧的) herders. I was studying Mongolian at the time, but still, there was so much I couldn’t say or understand. As we walked in the snow behind the goats, my host mom would ask me if I was cold, then giggle (咯咯地笑) and copy a big shiver to make sure I understood. In the evenings, she showed me how to make dumplings with her fingers. My host siblings would talk with me, speaking too fast for me to understand, as we explored the rocks around our tent; I’d listen and nod. This verbal(言语的) barrier was strangely freeing. In the crowded dining hall at home, meeting new people made me anxious. I’d stay quiet, measuring out my words, struggling for something to say that wouldn’t expose me as unfunny or boring. In Mongolia, I couldn’t perfect my words. I could only smile, and try out one of the phrases I’d mastered: “May I help?” “Where is the dog?” “Are you tired?” My host family laughed at my pronunciation, at the way I threw up my hands and eyebrows in a frequent gesture of confusion. But in their laughter, I felt safe, unembarrassed. With my Mongolian family on the grassland, I found a feeling of ease I’d never felt before. We were so different, they and I, and not just in language. Their skin was hardened and darkened by sun; I’d been hidden under hats and sunscreen since birth. My host siblings(兄弟姐妹) grew up drawing water from frozen streams and jogging behind herds of sheep; I spent summers at tennis camp. For me, these gaps made all the difference. Without shared social measures, I wasted no time wondering how I was measuring up. Only real things—kindness, helpfulness—mattered. 4 Why did the author go to Mongolia for a term abroad? A. She dreamed of living a nomadic life. B. She was tired of studying late at night. C. She had to study Mongolians’ normal life. D. She was collecting information for libraries. 5. What does the underlined word “shiver” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Hug. B. Smile. C. Attack. D. Shake. 6. How did the author behave at the dining hall in her home country? A. She felt at ease in the crowd. B. She usually weighed her words. C. She asked a lot of funny questions. D. She often made others laugh with jokes. 7. What did the author learn from her life in Mongolia? A. You are judged wherever you go. B. Nature makes humans feel insignificant. C. Appearance reflects one’s standard of life. D. Being kind is the common social standard. C Imagine you found a wallet containing a stranger’s contact details but no cash. Would you return it to its owner? Now imagine the same wallet contained a few banknotes. Would that change your response? Does it depend on the amount of money? And how do you think other people would react? Honesty makes the world go round. Without people trusting in one another, society would fall apart. Honesty is therefore studied academically. Most work in the area, though, takes place under controlled conditions in labs, often featuring (以……为特点) well-off and well-educated Westerners as its subjects. By contrast, Alain Cohn of the University of Michigan and his colleagues have taken such behavioral economics around the world, covering 40 countries, 355 cities and more than 17,000 people. As the team reported this week in Science, Dr Cohn’s research assistants entered public buildings. They handed in a wallet to the receptionist, saying they had found it on the street outside. Each wallet contained contact details. Importantly, some wallets also included $13.45, while others not. Then, the team simply waited to see who would return the wallet. In 38 of the 40 countries, the wallets with money were returned more often than those without (51% vs 40%). In addition, wallets containing a larger sum of money ($94.15) were even more likely (by about another 10%) to be returned than those with less. With greater temptation (诱惑), then, comes greater honesty —at least when it comes to lost wallets. Interestingly, though, such honesty is not reflected in people’s expectations of others. When surveyed, most of 299 volunteers predicted that the more money in a wallet, the less likely it would be returned. A certain doubt about the motives of others is probably good for survival. But the warm inner thought of “doing the right thing” is also a powerful motivation. How this altruism developed is much debated—particularly when it extends, as in Dr Cohn’s experiments, to strangers whom the altruist has no expectation of ever meeting. Be that as it may, as this study shows, such altruism is real and universal. 8. How is Alain Cohn’s research different from the previous? A. It was carried out in controlled situations. B. More scientists participated in the research. C. It covered varied subjects and backgrounds. D. It took no account of well-educated Westerners. 9. What can we learn from the research? A. Rate of honesty varies among countries. B. People prefer returning wallets without money. C. The less money in a wallet, the higher rate of returning. D Wallets with more money are more likely to be given back. 10. What can be inferred from paragraph 5? A. People are more honest than we expect. B. People tend to expect honesty from others. C. More money always means greater honesty. D. Most people lose honesty facing great temptation. 11. What does the underlined word “altruism” in the last paragraph mean? A. Doubt of others’ motivations. B. Understanding of people’s doubt. C. The motivation for survival. D. Concern for others’ needs. D The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 12. What does the author say about silence in conversations? A. It implies anger. B. It promotes friendship. C. It is culture-specific. D. It is content-based. 13. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A. The Chinese. B. The French. C. The Mexicans. D. The Russians. 14. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A. Let it continue as the patient pleases. B. Break it while treating patients. C. Evaluate its harm to patients. D. Make use of its healing effects. 15. What may be the best title for the text? A Sound and Silence B. What It Means to Be Silent C. Silence to Native Americans D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Florence Nightingale was named after her birthplace, Florence, Italy. When she was almost a year old, she returned with her family to England. Florence often helped her mother deliver(运送) food to the poor and sick.___16___ Her family was shocked because nursing was not a respected profession. But Florence was determined. She studied books on medicine. Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learned everything she could.___17___ In 1854, Britain was at war with Russia. Florence went to the British hospital in Scutari (now Üsküdar in Istanbul) and she was shocked. The hospital left men lying on the floor, and rats were running everywhere.___18___ Many soldiers died before receiving help. The doctors wouldn’t listen to Florence because they didn’t like the idea of women in army hospitals—until one day 500 unexpected casualties(伤亡者) arrived. ___19___ Florence made changes, making sure the men were washed and their injuries were cared for. Every night she would check the patients with her lamp. When she returned home after the war, a fund had been set up in her honor. Many of the soldiers she had nursed had made contributions(捐款).Now she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London. After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals. ___20___ All of this was because of the “lady with the lamp”. A. Nursing became an honored profession. B. There was no running water and no heat. C. She knew she had much to learn about nursing. D. Florence saw the soldiers’ health had improved. E. As she grew older, she decided to become a nurse. F. They soon realized that Florence knew what she was doing. G. Upon returning home, she was an expert on hospital management. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项. I used to walk around the store with my parents, constantly begging for something. I still remember the ___21___ of all the bright bags of chips and candies that I asked my mom to buy for me. At that time, I had no real ___22___ about the value of money. When I was about twelve years old, my dad always ___23___ my begging and told me with an angry face, “You can waste all the money you ___24___ when you have a job.” I listened to him, but I never really understood the message he was trying to ___25___ to me. I ___26___ to find a part-time job when I was 18. One day, a young man handed me a flyer (传单), which said at the top “Looking for a summer job? Be a ___27___!” I started to think about the money I could make, so I ___28___. A few minutes after my application was sent, I got an email from AMS Pools, informing me to have a(n) ___29___ the next day. After I ____30____ the training process, I finally started the job. Every afternoon, I worked in the pool, keeping a close watch on the swimming people. I was proud I rescued several drowning children. And I could earn my pocket money with my skill. However, the more money I made, the less I wanted to ____31____. Instead of wasting my money on ____32____ things, I started saving up. As the pay ____33____, so did my understanding of money. I came to ____34____ that money meant so much more to me because I was the one working for it. Because I value my money, I limit myself to what I buy. I now have 3,300 dollars in my bank ____35____. 21. A. photo B. scene C. symbol D. dream 22. A. knowledge B. command C. skill D. technology 23. A. followed B. appreciated C. refused D. accepted 24. A. earn B. spot C. lose D. discover 25. A. announce B. express C. introduce D. admit 26. A. failed B. agreed C. pretended D. decided 27. A. waiter B. secretary C. nurse D. lifeguard 28. A. applied B. quit C. stayed D. stopped 29. A. instruction B. interview C. performance D. flight 30. A. came across B. took over C. gave up D. went through 31. A. eat B. save C. spend D. do 32. A. meaningful B. useless C. important D. necessary 33. A. increased B. remained C. dropped D. floated 34. A. complain B. comment C. regret D. realize 35. A. account B. password C. book D. logo (徽标) 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s space programme started later than ____36____ (that) of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time. China became the third country in the world to ____37____ (independent) send humans into space in 2003, ____38____ Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed ____39____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, ____40____ (follow) by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. On 23 July 2020, Tianwen I ____41____ (send) by China to explore the surface of Mars. It arrived in February 2021 and then sent back lots of ____42____ (value) information. And from 2021 to 2022, China completed a number of rocket missions to establish its own space station. In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module signaled the basic ____43____ (complete) of the Tiangong Space Station. This modern space station will allow astronauts ____44____ (conduct) many important experiments, greatly ____45____ (further) our understanding of the universe. 第四部分 课内知识（共两节，满分15分） 第一节（共7小题；每小题1分，满分7分） 根据语境，选择框中单词或短语替换句中划线部分的单词或短语，使之意思一致。 A. sought B. launched C. unfolded D. majority E. in despair F. lacking in G. under construction 46. He gave up the struggle hopelessly. 47. The bird spread open its wings and flew away. 48. They looked for somewhere to shelter, but failed. 49. At last the organisation started a campaign to protect the river. 50. Though short of experience, Jack made up for it in enthusiasm. 51. In the nursing profession, women are in the largest part of the group. 52. I had to choose another way back home, because the road to my house was being built at the moment. 第二节（共8小题；每小题1分，满分8分） 根据语境选择下框中的单词或短语，必要时用正确的形式填空，框中有两个为多余的单词或者短语。 argue admit permit lack spot apologise determine in case（of） run out（of） judge from 53. ________ difficulty, just call on me. 54. He is always ________ money before payday. 55. Beyond ________, smoking is harmful to health. 56. ________ her last letter, she is having a wonderful time. 57. Someone ________ him leaving the building soon afterwards. 58. In the lab, don’t touch anything without your teacher’s ________. 59. He made a sincere ________ to me for spilling coffee on my dress. 60. She gave me a ________ look --- the kind that said she would not change her mind. 第五部分 写作（满分25分） 61. 假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Jim在了解中国完成世界首次月球背面采样（sampling）的新闻后，发来邮件和你讨论探月话题。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1.月亮在中国文化中的寓意； 2.你对人类探月活动的看法。 注意： 1.词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jim, I’m glad to share with you about my strong interest in moon exploration. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$