精品解析：北京市朝阳区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题

北京市朝阳区2023~2024学年度第二学期期末质量检测 高二英语试卷 2024. 7 （考试时间100分钟 满分100分） 本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 知识运用（共三节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The Red Cross bus pulled into our school parking lot, welcoming students over the age of eighteen to ___1___ blood. Honestly, most were attracted by the promise of free cookies and juice. Teachers were also encouraged to participate. After watching a heartwarming video, many of us ___2___ to give blood, myself included. The nurse had just removed the needle from my arm when the bell rang for the next lesson. I climbed the three flights of stairs to my classroom and by the time I opened the door for my students, I felt slightly ___3___, as if walking on clouds. For the rest of that afternoon, I even felt sick to my stomach, so I made a mental note to leave such ___4___ for after-school hours. ___5___, the idea slipped my mind as I grew busy with other responsibilities. Nevertheless, perception (看法) always ___6___ with experience. Early in my cancer treatment, I experienced painful chemotherapy (化疗). The blood transfusions breathed new life into me. Then, I ___7___, for each blood product donated, there was a living, breathing recipient, just like me. Watching the liquid enter my body, I was ___8___ by the fact that platelets (血小板) are bright yellow, like the sun. It is truly amazing that a part of one person can save the life of another. I am ___9___ to the stranger, whose kindness has allowed me to regenerate my weakened body and live to fight another day. The Greeks have several words to define love. The most powerful is agape, which means “love with action,” particularly when it is concerned with the greater ____10____ of another. And to many, including me, that’s exactly what blood donation has been. 1. A. draw B. test C. collect D. donate 2. A. refused B. hesitated C. pretended D. volunteered 3. A. dizzy B. afraid C. down D. ashamed 4. A. rights B. opinions C. adventures D. judgements 5. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Moreover 6. A. appears B. changes C. declines D. remains 7. A. denied B. imagined C. recalled D. realised 8. A. puzzled B. amused C. fascinated D. embarrassed 9. A. open B. polite C. grateful D. generous 10. A. mercy B. good C. success D. effort 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。红十字会在学校举办献血活动，师生积极参与。作者献血后略有不适，决定今后献血安排在课后。经历癌症治疗，作者深感献血的宝贵，血浆输注给予其新生。作者感激陌生献血者的善举，意识到献血是爱的行动体现，能拯救他人生命，是对“agape”之爱的诠释。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：红十字会的巴士驶入我们学校的停车场，欢迎年满十八岁的学生来献血。A. draw抽取；B. test测试；C. collect收集；D. donate捐赠。根据上文“The Red Cross bus pulled into our school parking lot, welcoming students over the age of eighteen to”和常识可知，红十字会通常会组织献血活动，因此此处应是“捐赠”血液。故选D。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在观看了一段感人的视频后，我们许多人自愿献血，包括我自己。A. refused拒绝；B. hesitated犹豫；C. pretended假装；D. volunteered自愿。根据上文的“After watching a heartwarming video”可知，感人的视频的激励下很多人被感动后自愿献血。故选D。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我爬上三层楼梯来到教室，当我打开门给我的学生们时，我感到有点晕，好像走在云端上。A. dizzy头晕的；B. afraid害怕的；C. down沮丧的；D. ashamed羞愧的。根据下文的“as if walking on clouds”及“felt sick to my stomach”可知，献血后作者可能感到头晕。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天下午剩下的时间里，我甚至感到胃里不舒服，所以我暗自决定把这样的冒险活动留到课后时间。A. rights权利；B. opinions观点；C. adventures冒险；D. judgements判断。根据前文“as if walking on clouds”及“felt sick to my stomach”可知，献血后作者身体不适，作者将献血视为一种对身体有一定影响的“冒险”活动。故选C。 【5题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着我忙于其他职责，这个想法溜出了我的脑海。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Instead相反；D. Moreover此外。根据上文的“For the rest of that afternoon, I even felt sick to my stomach, so I made a mental note to leave such 4 for after-school hours.”和下文的“the idea slipped my mind as I grew busy with other responsibilities.”可知，作者原计划将献血安排在课后，但由于忙碌忘记了，前后存在转折关系。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，看法总是随着经历而改变。A. appears出现；B. changes改变；C. declines下降；D. remains保持。根据上文的“For the rest of that afternoon, I even felt sick to my stomach, so I made a mental note to leave such ____ for after-school hours.”和下文的“Then, I ____ , for each blood product donated, there was a living, breathing recipient, just like me. Watching the liquid enter my body, I was ____ by the fact that platelets (血小板) are bright yellow, like the sun.”可知，作者通过自身治疗经历对献血有了新的认识，可知看法是会随着个人经历而变化的。故选B。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，我意识到，每捐赠一个血制品，都有一个活着的、呼吸着的接受者，就像我一样。A. denied否认；B. imagined想象；C. recalled回忆；D. realised意识到。根据下文“for each blood product donated, there was a living, breathing recipient, just like me.”可知，下文描述了作者对献血意义的深刻理解，此处表达的是作者意识到鲜血的重要性。故选D。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看着液体进入我的身体，我着迷于这样一个事实，即血小板是亮黄色的，像太阳一样。A. puzzled困惑的；B. amused愉快的；C. fascinated着迷的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据后文“by the fact that platelets (血小板) are bright yellow, like the sun.”可知，后文描述血小板的颜色之美，可知作者对此感到着迷。故选C。 【9题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对那位陌生人充满感激，他善良让我虚弱的身体得以再生，让我得以再活一天去战斗。A. open开放的；B. polite礼貌的；C. grateful感激的；D. generous慷慨的。根据下文“to the stranger, whose kindness has allowed me to regenerate my weakened body and live to fight another day.”可知，作者因接受他人献血而得到救治，因此对献血者怀有感激之情。故选C。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最强大的是agape，意思是“用行动去爱”，特别是当它涉及到对他人的伟大善行时。A. mercy怜悯；B. good善行；C. success成功；D. effort努力。根据上文“The Greeks have several words to define love. The most powerful is agape, which means “love with action,” particularly when it is concerned with the greater”可知，献血行为是一种无私的爱，是对他人生命的善行。故选B。 第二节 选词填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的词或词组，并用其正确形式填空。 reliable factor deserve appeal to go through figure out have no intention of be involved in in terms of heart and soul 11. I can’t _____________ how much the trip will cost. 12. It is wrong to judge happiness just _____________ success. 13. I think we _____________ a good rest after all that hard work. 14. He worked _____________ for his country throughout his life. 15. When you _____________ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. 16. Most people now _____________ staying at one job for the whole life. 17. It was a huge project and over 20 software companies _____________ it. 18. Studies have established that smoking is a risk _____________ for cancer. 19. The innovative smartphone design _____________ all ages and social groups. 20. Companies always appreciate a _____________ person who they can trust to do the job. 【答案】11. figure out 12. in terms of 13. deserve 14. heart and soul 15. are going through 16. have no intention of 17. were involved in 18. factor 19. appeals to 20. reliable 【解析】 【11题详解】 考查固定搭配、情态动词。 句意：我无法计算这次旅行将花费多少。此处需要表示“计算出”，因此使用动词短语figure out，位于情态动词can’t后，用动词原形。故填figure out。 【12题详解】 考查固定搭配。 句意：仅仅以成功来判断幸福是错误的。此处需要表示“根据，从……角度看”，因此使用介词短语in terms of。故填in terms of。 【13题详解】 考查动词、时态。 句意：我认为在辛苦工作之后，我们应得好好休息一下。此处需要表示“应该得到”，因此使用动词deserve，本句表经常性、习惯性动作，故时态用一般现在时，且think后的宾语从句的主语为we，故谓语用动词原形。故填deserve。 【14题详解】 考查固定搭配。 句意：他一生全心全意为国家工作。此处修饰动词worked，表示“全心全意地”，因此使用heart and soul。故填heart and soul。 【15题详解】 考查固定搭配、时态。 句意：当你正经历危机时，找人倾诉往往会有帮助。此处表示“经历”，因此使用固定搭配go through，且句子时态用现在进行时，表示事情正在发生，主语为you，be动词用are。故填are going through。 【16题详解】 考查固定搭配、时态。 句意：现在大多数人无意在整个一生只做一份工作。此处表示“无意做某事”，因此使用固定搭配have no intention of，本句表经常性、习惯性动作，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为Most people，故谓语用动词原形。故填have no intention of。 【17题详解】 考查固定搭配、时态。 句意：这是一个庞大的项目，超过20家软件公司参与其中。此处表示“参与”，因此使用固定搭配be involved in，由空前的was可知，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，主语over 20 software companies为复数，be动词用were。故填were involved in。 【18题详解】 考查名词。 句意：研究已证实吸烟是癌症的一个危险因素。此处表示“因素”，因此使用factor，结合空前的a可知，用单数形式，作表语。故填factor。 【19题详解】 考查固定搭配、时态。 句意：这款创新智能手机设计吸引了所有年龄段和社会群体。此处表示“吸引”，因此使用固定搭配appeal to，本句表经常性、习惯性动作，故时态用一般现在时，且主语The innovative smartphone design为第三人称单数，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填appeals to。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。 句意：公司总是欣赏一个可靠的人，他们可以信任这个人去做这项工作。此处表示“可靠的”，因此使用形容词reliable，作定语，修饰名词person。故填reliable。 （请务必将第11至20题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内） 第三节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 21. He is such a _________(curiosity) boy, always asking questions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】curious 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他是个好奇的男孩，总是问问题。形容词curious作定语，修饰名词boy。故填curious。 22. Scientists ______ (learn) a lot about the brain in the last decade. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have learned 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的十年里，科学家们对大脑有了很多了解。设空处作谓语，根据时间状语in the last decade可知，句子应用现在完成时，又因主语Scientists是复数，所以助动词用have。故填have learned。 23. She was quite disappointed to find that they ______ (leave) already. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had left 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：她发现他们已经走了，感到很失望。leave“离开”。动词leave发生在was quite disappointed之前，所以that引导的宾语从句时态用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。故填had left。 24. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ (correct) them. （用单词适当形式填空） 【答案】correcting 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一个人通过犯错误和改正错误来学习一门语言。此处与and前的 making mistakes是并列成分，作介词by的宾语，也应使用动名词形式。故填correcting。 25. Simple gym equipment, ______ (use) correctly, can improve fitness levels. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】used 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：简单的健身器材，如果使用得当，可以提高健康水平。句子已有谓语动词improve，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，Simple gym equipment和use为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填used。 26. An ______ (accuracy) description of the problem is the first step in solving it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】accurate 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：对问题的准确描述是解决问题的第一步。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词。accurate表“准确的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填accurate。 27. She ______ (practise) the piano since breakfast, and her fingers are starting to ache. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been practising 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：她从早餐起就一直在练钢琴，她的手指开始疼了。practise“练习”。根据句意和since breakfast可知，句子应用现在完成进行时have/has been doing，表过去开始到现在仍在发生的动作，又因主语She是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has been practising。 28. Its up to you ______ (decide) what you can do and how well you can do it in your career. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to decide 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：这取决于你决定你能做什么，以及你在职业生涯中能做得多好。分析句子可知，it为形式主语，设空处应用不定式作真正的主语。故填to decide。 29. In the 1950s, an attempt ______ (make) to prove “Six Degrees of Separation” mathematically. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was made 【解析】 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：在20世纪50年代，有人尝试用数学方法证明“Six Degrees of Separation”。根据时间状语In the 1950s可知，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，且主语an attempt与谓语动词make“做出”为被动关系，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，主语单数，be动词用was。故填was made。 30. The children started playing with water balloons, ______ (turn) the backyard into a wet and wild battlefield. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】turning 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：孩子们开始玩水球，把后院变成了一个潮湿而荒凉的战场。句子的谓语是start，turn用非谓语动词形式，turn和前面的句子之间是主动关系，表示意料之中的结果用现在分词形式作状语，故填turning。 （请务必将第21至30题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内） 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A If you’re a lover of literature and want to study it further, Harvard’s online courses are a great option! About the Courses The Ancient Greek Hero explores what it means to be human today by studying what it meant to be a hero in ancient Greek times. To achieve this, learners will experience, in English translation, some ancient Greek literature from the 8th century BC to the 3rd century AD. Noble Culture and the Cosmopolitan Tang looks at how noble families and their culture and literature contributed to the reunification (重新统一) of China under the Tang Dynasty. You’ll also learn how to compose and analyze poetry and calligraphy. Shakespeare’s Life and Work explores relationships between Shakespeare’s world and present day. Through short videos and readings, you will see how the meaning of a work of art changes depending on the time, context, and culture. Masterpieces of World Literature reveals how great writers reflect on their world and how their works are changed in today’s global culture. It helps us understand the deep roots of today’s interconnected global culture. Ways to Take the Courses When you sign up for these courses, you will have the option of auditing (旁听) the course or pursuing an official certificate. In the auditing track, learning is free and self-paced within 18 weeks. Learners have access to part of our course resources. Besides, course videos and handouts are not available for downloading. Please note that this track does not offer an official certificate. Alternatively, learners can pay $299 to pursue an official certificate, which offers unlimited access to course resources within a year. At the end of the course, learners who earn a passing grade can receive a certificate. If you’re interested and want to learn more, click here: https://www.harvardonline.harvard.edu 31. If you want to know how to analyze poetry, you can choose ______. A. The Ancient Greek Hero B. Shakespeare’s Life and Work C. Masterpieces of World Literature D. Noble Culture and the Cosmopolitan Tang 32. In the auditing track, you can ______. A. determine the learning pace B. access handouts for a fee C. earn an official certificate D. download course videos 33. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To advertise online courses. B. To explore the roots of humanity. C. To compare different cultures. D. To highlight the value of literature. 【答案】31. D 32. A 33. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍哈佛大学的在线课程。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。由About the Courses中Noble Culture and the Cosmopolitan Tang中“You’ll also learn how to compose and analyze poetry and calligraphy.(你还将学习如何创作和分析诗歌和书法。)”可知，如果你想知道如何分析诗歌，你可以选择Noble Culture and the Cosmopolitan Tang。故选D项。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。由Ways to Take the Courses中第二段“In the auditing track, learning is free and self-paced within 18 weeks. Learners have access to part of our course resources. Besides, course videos and handouts are not available for downloading. Please note that this track does not offer an official certificate.(在旁听赛道中，学习是免费的，在18周内自主学习。学员可以访问我们的部分课程资源。此外，课程视频和讲义不可下载。请注意，这个赛道不提供官方证书。)”可知，在旁听赛道中，你可以决定学习进度。故选A项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第一段“If you’re a lover of literature and want to study it further, Harvard’s online courses are a great option!(如果你是一个文学爱好者，并且想进一步学习，哈佛大学的在线课程是一个很好的选择！)”和最后一段“If you’re interested and want to learn more, click here: https://www.harvardonline.harvard.edu(如果您感兴趣并想了解更多信息，请单击此处：https://www.harvardonline.harvard.edu)”可知，文章主要介绍哈佛大学的在线课程，主要目的是为在线课程做广告。故选A项。 B It turns out patience isn’t always a virtue. By the time Nalin Kamat was 13, the Toronto teen had been well on his way to becoming a working artist. He had already had his first show at a local arts centre. Yet he wanted more — specifically to start showing his works in a juried exhibition, where art experts would evaluate and select pieces in a competitive review process, ensuring that only the most outstanding works are included in the exhibition. That’s when he ran into a problem, discovering in the very last line of a multi-page application that the minimum age for submission was 18. That rejection became a fuel for creation. “As young artists, we don’t get as much credit as I think we deserve, and we also don’t get many opportunities to showcase the amount of work we put into the art. I thought it’d be really cool if I could provide the opportunity for more young artists,” says Nalin, now 15. With the support of his parents, in January 2023, Nalin founded Little EGG Gallery, a commercial studio only for underage artists. The gallery, which is now profitable enough, charges a small fee for any displayed work and takes a 15 percent service fee on sales. In turn, Little EGG Gallery helps promote young talents by showcasing their works. Not long after opening, David Griffin, a professor and artist from Ontario College of Art and Design University, happened to come across the gallery while walking with his wife in their neighbourhood. Upon meeting Nalin, Griffin says he understood that he was speaking with someone special, “a strong young artist with a really excellent idea, which was to create a space for showing the local community the easy, natural genius of young people.” A connection was formed, and Nalin asked Griffin to help judge an upcoming competition. The first juried show was last spring, and the top three winners each received a $50 cash prize. Five-year-old Jack Gamble won for his abstract painting titled Pokemon. Given how busy Nalin is with school life and his own art, Little EGG Gallery is mostly open by appointment only, but he’s still devoted to growing the gallery with seasonal and themed shows scheduled a few times a year. Nalin believes that young artists are free to be more creative. In an interview with CBC Kids News, he said, “I think when you’re younger, you have more creativity. You see beauty in more things and when you get older, it kind of stops. I don’t want to see anyone prevented from creating their art. 34. According to the passage, the juried exhibition ______. A. favours works of art experts B. charges a small fee for entries C. sets no age limit for submission D. displays professionally selected works 35. How did Nalin Kamat feel after being rejected? A. Anxious. B. Motivated. C. Regretful. D. Confused. 36. Why did Nalin Kamat found Little EGG Gallery? A. To work with other young artists. B. To meet his parents’ expectations. C. To offer underage artists a platform. D. To hold an exhibition of his own works. 37. What can we learn from Nalin Kamat’s story? A. Wisdom arises from experience. B. Everything comes to those who wait. C. Luck matters to one’s career success. D. Innovative thoughts increase one’s chances. 【答案】34. D 35. B 36. C 37. D 【解析】 【导语】本文属于记叙文。文章主要讲述了少年Nalin Kamat在面临艺术界年龄限制的挑战后，受到启发创立Little EGG Gallery，为未成年艺术家提供展示平台的故事。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第一段中的“Yet he wanted more—specifically to start showing his works in a juried exhibition, where art experts would evaluate and select pieces in a competitive review process, ensuring that only the most outstanding works are included in the exhibition. (然而，他更具体地希望开始在一个评审展览中展示他的作品，在那里，艺术专家将在一个竞争激烈的评审过程中评估和选择作品，确保只有最杰出的作品被包括在展览中。)”可知，评审制度的展览是由艺术专家评估并挑选作品，确保只有最杰出的作品才能参展。故选D。 35题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第二段“That rejection became a fuel for creation. “As young artists, we don’t get as much credit as I think we deserve, and we also don’t get many opportunities to showcase the amount of work we put into the art. I thought it’d be really cool if I could provide the opportunity for more young artists,” says Nalin, now 15. (这种拒绝成为了创造的动力。“作为年轻的艺术家，我们没有得到我认为应得的赞誉，我们也没有很多机会展示我们在艺术上付出的努力。我想如果我能为更多的年轻艺术家提供机会，那就太酷了，”现年15岁的Nalin说。)”可知，被拒绝后，Nalin感到受到激励，想要为年轻艺术家提供更多机会。故选B。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第二段“That rejection became a fuel for creation. “As young artists, we don’t get as much credit as I think we deserve, and we also don’t get many opportunities to showcase the amount of work we put into the art. I thought it’d be really cool if I could provide the opportunity for more young artists,” says Nalin, now 15. (这种拒绝成为了创造的动力。“作为年轻的艺术家，我们没有得到我认为应得的赞誉，我们也没有很多机会展示我们在艺术上付出的努力。我想如果我能为更多的年轻艺术家提供机会，那就太酷了，”现年15岁的Nalin说。)”及第三段中的“With the support of his parents, in January 2023, Nalin founded Little EGG Gallery, a commercial studio only for underage artists. (在父母的支持下，2023年1月，纳林创办了专为未成年艺术家开设的商业工作室Little EGG Gallery。)”可知，Nalin创立Little EGG Gallery的目的是为未成年艺术家提供一个展示平台。故选C。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第二段“That rejection became a fuel for creation. “As young artists, we don’t get as much credit as I think we deserve, and we also don’t get many opportunities to showcase the amount of work we put into the art. I thought it’d be really cool if I could provide the opportunity for more young artists,” says Nalin, now 15. (这种拒绝成为了创造的动力。“作为年轻的艺术家，我们没有得到我认为应得的赞誉，我们也没有很多机会展示我们在艺术上付出的努力。我想如果我能为更多的年轻艺术家提供机会，那就太酷了，”现年15岁的Nalin说。)”及最后一段“Nalin believes that young artists are free to be more creative. In an interview with CBC Kids News, he said, “I think when you’re younger, you have more creativity. You see beauty in more things and when you get older, it kind of stops. I don’t want to see anyone prevented from creating their art. (纳林认为，年轻艺术家可以自由地发挥自己的创造力。在接受CBC儿童新闻采访时，他说：“我认为当你年轻的时候，你会有更多的创造力。你会在更多事物中发现美，但随着年龄的增长，美就会消失。我不想看到任何人被阻止创作他们的艺术。)”可知，Nalin的故事展示了他如何面对年龄限制的挫折，创新性地创立了自己的画廊来支持年轻艺术家，这表明创新思维可以增加个人成功的机会。因此，选项D“Innovative thoughts increase one’s chances. (创新思维增加机会。)”最符合题意。故选D。 C Most people will learn one or two languages in their lives, but Vaughn Smith speaks 24 languages, a hyperpolyglot— a rare individual who speaks more than 10 languages. However, scientists have largely ignored what’s going on inside the brains of polyglots—people who speak more than five languages— says Evelina Fedorenko, a cognitive (认知的) neuroscientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She adds,“ That’s partly because they account for only 1% of people globally, making it difficult to find enough participants for research.” In a new study led by Fedorenko, researchers looked inside the minds of polyglots like Smith to reveal how language-specific regions in their brains respond to hearing different languages. “This study will contribute to our understanding of how our brain learns languages,” she says. To gain insights into how polyglots process five or more languages, Fedorenko’s team scanned the brains of 25 polyglots. They used a brain imaging technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which measures blood flow in the brain, to map out these language networks. Inside the fMRI machine, the polyglots listened to a series of 16-second-long recordings in one of eight different languages. The eight languages included each participant’s native language, three others they learned later in life, and four unfamiliar languages. Two of the unfamiliar languages were closely related to the participant’s native language—for instance, Spanish for a native Italian speaker. The other two unfamiliar languages came from unrelated language families. The researchers found that when participants heard any of the eight languages, blood always rushed to the same brain regions. In other words, the participants’ brains appeared to use the same basic network as monolinguals (单语言者) to try to understand the sounds, regardless of which language they heard. Moreover, the activity in the brain’s language networks changed based on how well participants understood a language. The more familiar the language, the larger the response. Brain activity particularly was invigorated when participants heard unfamiliar languages that were closely related to ones they knew well. This might have happened as brain areas worked overtime to puzzle out the meanings based on similarities between the languages. There was one exception to the rule: When participants heard their native tongue, their language networks were actually quieter than when they heard other familiar languages. This trend held even when participants were fluent in their other familiar languages. That could be so because expertise reduces the amount of brain power needed for a task, the researchers note. While this study casts light on multilinguists’ brain activity, there are still unanswered questions. Notably, future research hopes to study people who learned multiple languages from infancy (婴儿期). Nevertheless, “this study could one day lead to better tools to help people relearn languages more easily after a stroke or brain damage.” Fedorenko says. 38. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A. To present a latest brain theory. B. To stress the significance of the study. C. To explain the research method. D. To provide the definitions of two terms. 39. What can we learn from the passage? A. The brain processes native languages with much effort. B. Blood flow in the brain is unrelated to language familiarity. C. The brain uses the same areas to process multiple languages. D. Effective treatments for language disorders have been discovered. 40. What does the word “invigorated” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Evaluated. B. Activated. C. Affected. D. Reduced. 41. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Impact of Language Familiarity on Brain B. Challenges in Studying Language Geniuses C. Secrets of Language Processing in Polyglots D. Edge of fMRI in Revealing Language Processing 【答案】38. B 39. C 40. B 41. C 【解析】 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章通过介绍一项关于多语言者大脑活动的研究，旨在向公众普及认知神经科学领域的最新发现，解释多语言者如何处理和理解不同语言的科学原理，以及这项研究对理解大脑语言学习机制的贡献。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第一段“Most people will learn one or two languages in their lives, but Vaughn Smith speaks 24 languages, a hyperpolyglot— a rare individual who speaks more than 10 languages. However, scientists have largely ignored what’s going on inside the brains of polyglots—people who speak more than five languages— says Evelina Fedorenko, a cognitive (认知的) neuroscientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She adds,“ That’s partly because they account for only 1% of people globally, making it difficult to find enough participants for research.” In a new study led by Fedorenko, researchers looked inside the minds of polyglots like Smith to reveal how language-specific regions in their brains respond to hearing different languages. “This study will contribute to our understanding of how our brain learns languages,” she says. (大多数人在一生中会学习一到两种语言，但沃恩·史密斯会说24种语言，他是一个精通多种语言的人——很少有人会说10种以上的语言。麻省理工学院的认知神经科学家Evelina Fedorenko说，然而，科学家们在很大程度上忽视了多语言者——会说五种以上语言的人——大脑内部发生的事情。她补充说：“部分原因是他们只占全球人口的1%，因此很难找到足够的参与者进行研究。”在费多连科领导的一项新研究中，研究人员观察了像史密斯这样的通晓多种语言的人的大脑内部，以揭示他们大脑中特定语言区域对听到不同语言的反应。她说：“这项研究将有助于我们理解大脑是如何学习语言的。”)”可知，它首先提到了多数人只会学习一到两种语言，然后介绍了超多语言者Vaughn Smith的情况，并指出科学家们对于这类人群大脑内部运作情况的研究很少，最后通过Evelina Fedorenko的话强调了新研究将有助于我们理解大脑是如何学习语言的。因此，第一段的主要目的是强调这项研究的意义。故选B。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第三段中“The researchers found that when participants heard any of the eight languages, blood always rushed to the same brain regions. (研究人员发现，当参与者听到八种语言中的任何一种时，血液总是涌向相同的大脑区域。)”可知，无论听到哪一种语言，参与者的大脑总是有血液涌向相同的区域，即大脑使用相同的区域来处理多种语言。故选C。 【40题详解】 词句猜测题。由文章第三段中“Moreover, the activity in the brain’s language networks changed based on how well participants understood a language. The more familiar the language, the larger the response. (此外，大脑语言网络的活动根据参与者对语言的理解程度而变化。语言越熟悉，反应就越大。)”和“when participants heard unfamiliar languages that were closely related to ones they knew well. (当参与者听到与他们熟悉的语言密切相关的不熟悉的语言时)”可知，当参与者听到与他们熟悉的语言密切相关的陌生语言时，他们的大脑活动尤其活跃。因此，invigorated在此处意为“激活”。A. Evaluated评估；B. Activated激活；C. Affected影响；D. Reduced减少。故选B。 【41题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“ In a new study led by Fedorenko, researchers looked inside the minds of polyglots like Smith to reveal how language-specific regions in their brains respond to hearing different languages. “This study will contribute to our understanding of how our brain learns languages,” she says. (在费多连科领导的一项新研究中，研究人员观察了像史密斯这样的通晓多种语言的人的大脑内部，以揭示他们大脑中特定语言区域对听到不同语言的反应。她说：“这项研究将有助于我们理解大脑是如何学习语言的。”)”可知，文章主要通过研究，揭示了多语言者处理多种语言的秘密。因此，最合适的标题是“Secrets of Language Processing in Polyglots (多语言者语言处理的秘密)”。故选C。 D A theme at this year’s World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting in Switzerland was the perceived need to “speed up breakthroughs in research and technology” Some of this framing was motivated by the climate emergency; some by the opportunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence (AI). In various conversations, it seems to be taken for granted that to address the world’s problems, scientific research needs to move faster and break things. But what if the thing being broken is science? Or public trust? In recent years, we’ve seen important papers written by well-known scientists and published in influential journals were retracted (召回) because of questionable data or methods. In one notable case, Frances H. Arnold, who shared the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, voluntarily retracted a paper when her lab was unable to replicate (复制) her results — but after the paper had been published. In an open apology, she stated that she was “a bit busy” when the paper was submitted and “did not do my job well”. Arnold’s honesty is admirable, but it raises a question; Are scholars at super competitive places such as Harvard, Stanford and Yale rushing to publish rather than taking the time to do their work right? It’s impossible to answer this question scientifically because there’s no scientific definition of “rushing”. But there’s little doubt that we live in a culture where academics at leading universities are under enormous pressure to produce results—and a lot of them—quickly. Formal research assessments have for years judged academic departments largely on the output quantity. The existing system has led to reduced motivation for excellence and innovation in academic research. A recent reform by academics within the field has urged for quality over quantity. Good science takes time. More than 50 years passed between the 1543 publication of Copernicus’s magnum opus (天体运行论), and the broad scientific acceptance of the heliocentric model of the universe. Nearly a century passed between biochemist Friedrich Miescher’s identification of the DNA and the clarification of its double-helix structure in the 1950s. And it took just about half a century for geologists and geophysicists to accept geophysicist Alfred Wegener’s idea of continental movement. Scientists and other scholars are pushing results out far faster than they used to. Consider the volume of academic papers being published these days. One recent study put the number at over seven million a year, compared with fewer than a million as recently as 1980. Another study found 265 academic authors—two thirds of whom were in the medical and life sciences—who published a paper every five days on average. Some of this growth is driven by more scientists and more co-authorship of papers, but the numbers also suggest that the research world has prioritized quantity over quality. Researchers may need to slow down—not speed up—if we are to produce trustworthy knowledge. 42. The author gives an example of Frances H. Arnold to show that ______. A. academic fields value honesty B. scientists lack time for research C. scholars tend to publish papers in a hurry D. laboratories fail to replicate scientific results 43. What can be inferred from the passage? A. AI and climate issues block research progress. B. Defining “rushing” boosts academic productivity. C. Identifying DNA is easier than clarifying its structure. D. Scholars have acknowledged the problem with academic evaluation. 44. According to the passage, what is the author’s opinion on scientific research? A. Research credibility is a top priority in science. B. More publications enhance researchers’ reputation. C. Studies in medical and life sciences are satisfactory. D. Co-authorship needs to be cancelled for reliable research. 【答案】42. C 43. D 44. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今科学研究存在急于发表论文，过于注重数量导致了很多问题。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Arnold’s honesty is admirable, but it raises a question; Are scholars at super competitive places such as Harvard, Stanford and Yale rushing to publish rather than taking the time to do their work right?(Arnold的诚实令人钦佩，但这也引发了一个问题；哈佛、斯坦福和耶鲁等竞争激烈的大学的学者们是不是急于发表论文，而不是花时间做好自己的工作？)”可知，作者以Frances H. Arnold为例，说明学者往往急于发表论文。故选C。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Formal research assessments have for years judged academic departments largely on the output quantity. The existing system has led to reduced motivation for excellence and innovation in academic research. A recent reform by academics within the field has urged for quality over quantity.(多年来，正式的研究评估主要是根据产出数量来判断学术部门。现有的体制导致学术研究追求卓越和创新的动力减弱。该领域的学者最近进行了一项改革，呼吁重质轻量)”可知，学者们已经承认了学术评估的问题。故选D。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Some of this growth is driven by more scientists and more co-authorship of papers, but the numbers also suggest that the research world has prioritized quantity over quality. Researchers may need to slow down—not speed up—if we are to produce trustworthy knowledge.(这一增长部分是由更多的科学家和更多的论文合著者推动的，但这些数字也表明，研究界更看重数量而不是质量。如果我们想要获得值得信赖的知识，研究人员可能需要放慢速度，而不是加快速度)”可知，作者对科学研究的看法是研究可信度是科学领域的头等大事。故选A。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you are asked to describe your relationship with your phone, what would you say? ____45____ For those of us who use digital technology with regularity, we will unavoidably think we have overdone it. But are we really addicted to our screens? For the vast majority of users, the answer is no because there’s no formal set of criteria for digital addiction. ____46____ This test was given to around 800 people, using criteria previously adopted in many other studies. The team found that 69% of the participants could be diagnosed with an addiction to spending time with their friends. ____47____ Instead, the team was showing how easy it is to create what appears to be a data-driven measure of an addictive behavior, which actually is a normal part of everyday life. The idea of being addicted to offline friendships is ridiculous, but that is what is happening in the digital technology research literature. We are stuck with researchers combining people’s enjoyment of an activity with the idea that it has the potential to become addictive. ____48____ It is true that we can develop bad relationships with the technology we use, but an emerging line of research says we need to view our relationships with digital technology in terms of habits, not in terms of problematic use. ____49____ Whether they have positive or negative effects on our well-being depends not just on the type of habit, but on the context in which it occurs, how frequently it occurs and what other factors might be contributing to it. Thinking about our technology use in terms of habit offers us a much wider range of options. Rather than getting rid of technology altogether, we can seek our digital experience that promote positive effects while minimizing negative impacts. A. Many of us are likely to develop bad habits. B. Habits, like checking our phones, are neutral. C. For many, the word “addicted” would spring to mind. D. This leads ultimately to the belief that the activity is naturally bad. E. Obviously, the aim wasn’t to fuel a new moral panic about socializing. F. A recent study has revealed evidence that shows positive effects of digital use. G. Back in 2020, a team used standard techniques to do an offline-friend addiction questionnaire. 【答案】45. C 46. G 47. E 48. D 49. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了我们与手机等数字技术的关系。 【45题详解】 根据上文“If you are asked to describe your relationship with your phone, what would you say?(如果让你描述一下你和手机的关系，你会怎么说？)”和下文“For those of us who use digital technology with regularity, we will unavoidably think we have overdone it.(对于我们这些经常使用数字技术的人来说，我们不可避免地会认为我们过度使用了)”可知，对于上文问题的回答应该是上瘾，C项中的“addicted”和下文中的“overdone”对应。C项：For many, the word “addicted” would spring to mind.(对许多人来说，“上瘾”这个词会跃入脑海)符合语境。故选C。 【46题详解】 根据上文“But are we really addicted to our screens? For the vast majority of users, the answer is no because there’s no formal set of criteria for digital addiction.(但我们真的对屏幕上瘾了吗？对于绝大多数用户来说，答案是否定的，因为目前还没有关于数字成瘾的正式标准)”和下文“This test was given to around 800 people, using criteria previously adopted in many other studies.(这项测试对大约800人进行了测试，使用了许多其他研究中采用的标准)”可知，空处提到了一项测试，解释说明上文提出的观点。G项：Back in 2020, a team used standard techniques to do an offline-friend addiction questionnaire.(早在2020年，一个团队就使用标准技术做了一份离线朋友成瘾调查问卷)符合语境。故选G。 【47题详解】 根据上文“The team found that 69% of the participants could be diagnosed with an addiction to spending time with their friends.(研究小组发现，69%的参与者可能被诊断为与朋友共度时光成瘾)”可知，研究团队发现69%的参与者可以被诊断为过度沉迷于与朋友相处的时间，但这里并不是要引发对社交的新道德恐慌。E项：Obviously, the aim wasn’t to fuel a new moral panic about socializing.(很明显，这样做的目的并不是要在社交方面引发新的道德恐慌)正好解释了这一点，它表明这项研究的真正目的并不是要制造恐慌，而是有其他更深的含义或目的，符合语境。故选E。 【48题详解】 根据上文“We are stuck with researchers combining people’s enjoyment of an activity with the idea that it has the potential to become addictive.(研究人员将人们对一项活动的享受与它有可能上瘾的想法结合起来，这让我们陷入了困境)”可知，上文提到研究人员提出的一项活动的享受与它有可能上瘾的想法，对于我们的认知产生了不好的影响，空处承接上文，指出后果。D项：This leads ultimately to the belief that the activity is naturally bad.(这最终导致人们相信这种活动自然是不好的)符合语境。故选D。 【49题详解】 根据上文“It is true that we can develop bad relationships with the technology we use, but an emerging line of research says we need to view our relationships with digital technology in terms of habits, not in terms of problematic use.(的确，我们可以与我们所使用的技术建立不好的关系，但一项新的研究表明，我们需要从习惯的角度来看待我们与数字技术的关系，而不是从有问题的使用角度)”和下文“Whether they have positive or negative effects on our well-being depends not just on the type of habit, but on the context in which it occurs, how frequently it occurs and what other factors might be contributing to it.(它们对我们的幸福感有积极还是消极的影响，这不仅取决于习惯的类型，还取决于它发生的背景，发生的频率以及其他可能导致它的因素)”可知，上文提到我们应该以习惯而不是问题使用的角度来看待我们与数字技术的关系。下文进一步解释了习惯对我们福祉的影响取决于多种因素。B项：Habits, like checking our phones, are neutral.(像看手机这样的习惯是中性的)强调了习惯的中立性，并引出了后文对习惯影响的详细讨论，符合语境。故选B。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Survey data show that American customers today are more than twice as likely to complain about a product or service as they were in 1976. People are grumbling (抱怨) more at work too. Nearly a third of employers in one UK-based survey witnessed an increase in employee complaints over a two-year period. Of course, you can always find something to complain about. But if you do so habitually, that is probably hurting you, making others feel down, and making you a less attractive person to be around. So you might want to resist the trend toward a culture of complaint. Sometimes, complaining is “instrumental,” designed to gain redress (补偿) for displeasure, such as poor service or annoying behaviour from a family member. Complaining can also be “chronic,” a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and refuse to be comforted. More typically, however, complaining is simply to let out displeasure or obtain sympathy. The problem with complaining is that even though it can feel therapeutic (有疗效的), it typically isn’t. Although complaining might offer temporary relief, it’s bad for your happiness in the long run. Scholars have shown that people who share negative emotions on social media experience lower levels of well being. Complaining can also lower the happiness of the people around you. Researchers showed that simply hearing another’s complaint lowers one’s mood. Even worse, in some relationships , the negative effect can pass like a virus to those exposed. Let’s assume, however, that your livelihood does not rely on spreading misery. Much more likely is that it will be in your interest, if you have a complaining habit, to break it. The people you care about will be happier too. 50 What is the purpose of “instrumental” complaining? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 51. What are the negative effects of complaining? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement then underline it and explain why. ➤ “Chronic” complaining is a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and try to obtain sympathy. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. Instead of complaining, how would you deal with dissatisfaction in life? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】50. To gain redress for displeasure. 51. Complaining is bad for your happiness in the long run and lowers the happiness of the people around you as well. 52. ➤ “Chronic” complaining is a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and try to obtain sympathy. “Chronic” complaining is a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and refuse to be comforted. 53. (1) Reading has always been my way of dealing with dissatisfaction, because while reading, I am exposed to an immense world where I can experience infinite possibilities of life. Also, the brand-new perspective I’ve gained from reading makes the cause of my dissatisfaction seem insignificant. (44) (2) I would deal with dissatisfaction in life by facing it head-on and actively seeking solutions. Instead of complaining, I would identify the root cause of my dissatisfaction and take effective measures. By doing so, I can turn dissatisfaction into motivation for personal growth and positive change. (46) 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲调查数据显示，现在抱怨现象越来越多，而文章建议读者减少抱怨，多点宽容。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段“Sometimes, complaining is ‘instrumental’, designed to gain redress (补偿) for displeasure, such as poor service or annoying behaviour from a family member. (有时，抱怨是‘工具性的’，旨在获得对不满的补偿，例如糟糕的服务或家庭成员令人讨厌的行为)”可知，“工具性”抱怨的目的是为了获得不满的补偿。故填To gain redress for displeasure. 【51题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第四段“Although complaining might offer temporary relief, it’s bad for your happiness in the long run. Scholars have shown that people who share negative emotions on social media experience lower levels of well being. Complaining can also lower the happiness of the people around you. (虽然抱怨可能会暂时缓解压力，但从长远来看，这对你的幸福感不利。学者们已经表明，在社交媒体上分享负面情绪的人的幸福感水平较低。抱怨也会降低你周围人的幸福感)”可知，从长远来看，抱怨不利于你的幸福，也会降低你周围人的幸福感。故填Complaining is bad for your happiness in the long run and lowers the happiness of the people around you as well. 【52题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段“Complaining can also be ‘chronic’, a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and refuse to be comforted. (抱怨也可能是‘慢性’的，这是一种不满状态，抱怨者不断思考自己的痛苦，拒绝得到安慰)”可知，抱怨者是拒绝安慰的，而不是获取同情。故正确答案为 “Chronic” complaining is a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and refuse to be comforted. 【53题详解】 开放性试题。言之有理即可。其中答案可以为“阅读一直是我处理不满的方式，因为在阅读的同时，我接触到了一个巨大的世界，在那里我可以体验到生活的无限可能性。此外，我从阅读中获得的全新视角使我不满的原因显得微不足道。”，也可以为“我会直面生活中的不满，积极寻求解决方案。与其抱怨，我会找出我不满的根源并采取有效措施。通过这样做，我可以将不满转化为个人成长和积极改变的动力。”故填Reading has always been my way of dealing with dissatisfaction, because while reading, I am exposed to an immense world where I can experience infinite possibilities of life. Also, the brand-new perspective I’ve gained from reading makes the cause of my dissatisfaction seem insignificant.或者I would deal with dissatisfaction in life by facing it head-on and actively seeking solutions. Instead of complaining, I would identify the root cause of my dissatisfaction and take effective measures. By doing so, I can turn dissatisfaction into motivation for personal growth and positive change. （请务必将第50至53题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内） 第二节（20分） 54. 假设你红星中学高二学生李华。你校国际部即将举办“校园科技节”，现正在全校招募英语志愿者。请你用英语给活动负责人写一封申请信，内容包括： 1. 阐述申请理由； 2. 介绍个人优势。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 提示词：Science and Technology Festival Dear Sir/Madam, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Sir/Madam, I am Li Hua from senior grade 2. I am writing to apply for the volunteer position at the upcoming Science and Technology Festival of our school. I have always been passionate about science and technology, and I believe that participating in this festival will provide me with an excellent opportunity to learn and grow. My proficiency in English allows me to communicate fluently with others. In my previous volunteering experiences, I assisted in setting up exhibition booths, managing crowds, and providing information to visitors. So I am confident that my skills and experience will contribute to the success of Science and Technology Festival. Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。学校国际部即将举办“校园科技节”，现正在全校招募英语志愿者，要求考生按照要求用英语给活动负责人写一封申请信。 【详解】1.词汇积累 即将到来的：upcoming→ forthcoming 对……充满热情：be passionate about→ be full of enthusiasm for 参与：participate in→ take part in 机会：opportunity→ chance 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：So I am confident that my skills and experience will contribute to the success of Science and Technology Festival. 拓展句：So I have the confidence that my skills and experience will contribute to the success of Science and Technology Festival. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I have always been passionate about science and technology, and I believe that participating in this festival will provide me with an excellent opportunity to learn and grow.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】My proficiency in English allows me to communicate fluently with others.（运用了不定式to communicate作宾补） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市朝阳区2023~2024学年度第二学期期末质量检测 高二英语试卷 2024. 7 （考试时间100分钟 满分100分） 本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 知识运用（共三节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The Red Cross bus pulled into our school parking lot, welcoming students over the age of eighteen to ___1___ blood. Honestly, most were attracted by the promise of free cookies and juice. Teachers were also encouraged to participate. After watching a heartwarming video, many of us ___2___ to give blood, myself included. The nurse had just removed the needle from my arm when the bell rang for the next lesson. I climbed the three flights of stairs to my classroom and by the time I opened the door for my students, I felt slightly ___3___, as if walking on clouds. For the rest of that afternoon, I even felt sick to my stomach, so I made a mental note to leave such ___4___ for after-school hours. ___5___, the idea slipped my mind as I grew busy with other responsibilities. Nevertheless, perception (看法) always ___6___ with experience. Early in my cancer treatment, I experienced painful chemotherapy (化疗). The blood transfusions breathed new life into me. Then, I ___7___, for each blood product donated, there was a living, breathing recipient, just like me. Watching the liquid enter my body, I was ___8___ by the fact that platelets (血小板) are bright yellow, like the sun. It is truly amazing that a part of one person can save the life of another. I am ___9___ to the stranger, whose kindness has allowed me to regenerate my weakened body and live to fight another day. The Greeks have several words to define love. The most powerful is agape, which means “love with action,” particularly when it is concerned with the greater ____10____ of another. And to many, including me, that’s exactly what blood donation has been. 1 A. draw B. test C. collect D. donate 2 A. refused B. hesitated C. pretended D. volunteered 3. A. dizzy B. afraid C. down D. ashamed 4. A. rights B. opinions C. adventures D. judgements 5. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Moreover 6 A. appears B. changes C. declines D. remains 7. A. denied B. imagined C. recalled D. realised 8. A. puzzled B. amused C. fascinated D. embarrassed 9. A. open B. polite C. grateful D. generous 10. A. mercy B. good C. success D. effort 第二节 选词填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的词或词组，并用其正确形式填空。 reliable factor deserve appeal to go through figure out have no intention of be involved in in terms of heart and soul 11. I can’t _____________ how much the trip will cost. 12. It is wrong to judge happiness just _____________ success. 13. I think we _____________ a good rest after all that hard work. 14. He worked _____________ for his country throughout his life. 15. When you _____________ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. 16. Most people now _____________ staying at one job for the whole life. 17. It was a huge project and over 20 software companies _____________ it. 18. Studies have established that smoking is a risk _____________ for cancer. 19. The innovative smartphone design _____________ all ages and social groups. 20. Companies always appreciate a _____________ person who they can trust to do the job. （请务必将第11至20题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内） 第三节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 21. He is such a _________(curiosity) boy, always asking questions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 22. Scientists ______ (learn) a lot about the brain in the last decade. (所给词的适当形式填空) 23. She was quite disappointed to find that they ______ (leave) already. (所给词的适当形式填空) 24. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ (correct) them. （用单词适当形式填空） 25. Simple gym equipment, ______ (use) correctly, can improve fitness levels. (所给词的适当形式填空) 26. An ______ (accuracy) description of the problem is the first step in solving it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 27. She ______ (practise) the piano since breakfast, and her fingers are starting to ache. (所给词的适当形式填空) 28. Its up to you ______ (decide) what you can do and how well you can do it in your career. (所给词的适当形式填空) 29. In the 1950s, an attempt ______ (make) to prove “Six Degrees of Separation” mathematically. (所给词的适当形式填空) 30. The children started playing with water balloons, ______ (turn) the backyard into a wet and wild battlefield. (所给词的适当形式填空) （请务必将第21至30题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内） 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A If you’re a lover of literature and want to study it further, Harvard’s online courses are a great option! About the Courses The Ancient Greek Hero explores what it means to be human today by studying what it meant to be a hero in ancient Greek times. To achieve this, learners will experience, in English translation, some ancient Greek literature from the 8th century BC to the 3rd century AD. Noble Culture and the Cosmopolitan Tang looks at how noble families and their culture and literature contributed to the reunification (重新统一) of China under the Tang Dynasty. You’ll also learn how to compose and analyze poetry and calligraphy. Shakespeare’s Life and Work explores relationships between Shakespeare’s world and present day. Through short videos and readings, you will see how the meaning of a work of art changes depending on the time, context, and culture. Masterpieces of World Literature reveals how great writers reflect on their world and how their works are changed in today’s global culture. It helps us understand the deep roots of today’s interconnected global culture. Ways to Take the Courses When you sign up for these courses, you will have the option of auditing (旁听) the course or pursuing an official certificate. In the auditing track, learning is free and self-paced within 18 weeks. Learners have access to part of our course resources. Besides, course videos and handouts are not available for downloading. Please note that this track does not offer an official certificate. Alternatively, learners can pay $299 to pursue an official certificate, which offers unlimited access to course resources within a year. At the end of the course, learners who earn a passing grade can receive a certificate. If you’re interested and want to learn more, click here: https://www.harvardonline.harvard.edu 31. If you want to know how to analyze poetry, you can choose ______. A. The Ancient Greek Hero B. Shakespeare’s Life and Work C. Masterpieces of World Literature D. Noble Culture and the Cosmopolitan Tang 32. In the auditing track you can ______. A. determine the learning pace B. access handouts for a fee C. earn an official certificate D. download course videos 33. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To advertise online courses. B. To explore the roots of humanity. C. To compare different cultures. D. To highlight the value of literature. B It turns out patience isn’t always a virtue. By the time Nalin Kamat was 13, the Toronto teen had been well on his way to becoming a working artist. He had already had his first show at a local arts centre. Yet he wanted more — specifically to start showing his works in a juried exhibition, where art experts would evaluate and select pieces in a competitive review process, ensuring that only the most outstanding works are included in the exhibition. That’s when he ran into a problem, discovering in the very last line of a multi-page application that the minimum age for submission was 18. That rejection became a fuel for creation. “As young artists, we don’t get as much credit as I think we deserve, and we also don’t get many opportunities to showcase the amount of work we put into the art. I thought it’d be really cool if I could provide the opportunity for more young artists,” says Nalin, now 15. With the support of his parents, in January 2023, Nalin founded Little EGG Gallery, a commercial studio only for underage artists. The gallery, which is now profitable enough, charges a small fee for any displayed work and takes a 15 percent service fee on sales. In turn, Little EGG Gallery helps promote young talents by showcasing their works. Not long after opening, David Griffin, a professor and artist from Ontario College of Art and Design University, happened to come across the gallery while walking with his wife in their neighbourhood. Upon meeting Nalin, Griffin says he understood that he was speaking with someone special, “a strong young artist with a really excellent idea, which was to create a space for showing the local community the easy, natural genius of young people.” A connection was formed, and Nalin asked Griffin to help judge an upcoming competition. The first juried show was last spring, and the top three winners each received a $50 cash prize. Five-year-old Jack Gamble won for his abstract painting titled Pokemon. Given how busy Nalin is with school life and his own art, Little EGG Gallery is mostly open by appointment only, but he’s still devoted to growing the gallery with seasonal and themed shows scheduled a few times a year. Nalin believes that young artists are free to be more creative. In an interview with CBC Kids News, he said, “I think when you’re younger, you have more creativity. You see beauty in more things and when you get older, it kind of stops. I don’t want to see anyone prevented from creating their art. 34. According to the passage, the juried exhibition ______. A. favours works of art experts B. charges a small fee for entries C. sets no age limit for submission D. displays professionally selected works 35. How did Nalin Kamat feel after being rejected? A. Anxious. B. Motivated. C. Regretful. D. Confused. 36. Why did Nalin Kamat found Little EGG Gallery? A. To work with other young artists. B. To meet his parents’ expectations. C. To offer underage artists a platform. D. To hold an exhibition of his own works. 37. What can we learn from Nalin Kamat’s story? A. Wisdom arises from experience. B. Everything comes to those who wait. C. Luck matters to one’s career success. D. Innovative thoughts increase one’s chances. C Most people will learn one or two languages in their lives, but Vaughn Smith speaks 24 languages, a hyperpolyglot— a rare individual who speaks more than 10 languages. However, scientists have largely ignored what’s going on inside the brains of polyglots—people who speak more than five languages— says Evelina Fedorenko, a cognitive (认知的) neuroscientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She adds,“ That’s partly because they account for only 1% of people globally, making it difficult to find enough participants for research.” In a new study led by Fedorenko, researchers looked inside the minds of polyglots like Smith to reveal how language-specific regions in their brains respond to hearing different languages. “This study will contribute to our understanding of how our brain learns languages,” she says. To gain insights into how polyglots process five or more languages, Fedorenko’s team scanned the brains of 25 polyglots. They used a brain imaging technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which measures blood flow in the brain, to map out these language networks. Inside the fMRI machine, the polyglots listened to a series of 16-second-long recordings in one of eight different languages. The eight languages included each participant’s native language, three others they learned later in life, and four unfamiliar languages. Two of the unfamiliar languages were closely related to the participant’s native language—for instance, Spanish for a native Italian speaker. The other two unfamiliar languages came from unrelated language families. The researchers found that when participants heard any of the eight languages, blood always rushed to the same brain regions. In other words, the participants’ brains appeared to use the same basic network as monolinguals (单语言者) to try to understand the sounds, regardless of which language they heard. Moreover, the activity in the brain’s language networks changed based on how well participants understood a language. The more familiar the language, the larger the response. Brain activity particularly was invigorated when participants heard unfamiliar languages that were closely related to ones they knew well. This might have happened as brain areas worked overtime to puzzle out the meanings based on similarities between the languages. There was one exception to the rule: When participants heard their native tongue, their language networks were actually quieter than when they heard other familiar languages. This trend held even when participants were fluent in their other familiar languages. That could be so because expertise reduces the amount of brain power needed for a task, the researchers note. While this study casts light on multilinguists’ brain activity, there are still unanswered questions. Notably, future research hopes to study people who learned multiple languages from infancy (婴儿期). Nevertheless, “this study could one day lead to better tools to help people relearn languages more easily after a stroke or brain damage.” Fedorenko says. 38. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A. To present a latest brain theory. B. To stress the significance of the study. C. To explain the research method. D. To provide the definitions of two terms. 39. What can we learn from the passage? A. The brain processes native languages with much effort. B. Blood flow in the brain is unrelated to language familiarity. C. The brain uses the same areas to process multiple languages. D. Effective treatments for language disorders have been discovered. 40. What does the word “invigorated” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Evaluated. B. Activated. C. Affected. D. Reduced. 41. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Impact of Language Familiarity on Brain B. Challenges in Studying Language Geniuses C. Secrets of Language Processing in Polyglots D. Edge of fMRI in Revealing Language Processing D A theme at this year’s World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting in Switzerland was the perceived need to “speed up breakthroughs in research and technology” Some of this framing was motivated by the climate emergency; some by the opportunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence (AI). In various conversations, it seems to be taken for granted that to address the world’s problems, scientific research needs to move faster and break things. But what if the thing being broken is science? Or public trust? In recent years, we’ve seen important papers written by well-known scientists and published in influential journals were retracted (召回) because of questionable data or methods. In one notable case, Frances H. Arnold, who shared the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, voluntarily retracted a paper when her lab was unable to replicate (复制) her results — but after the paper had been published. In an open apology, she stated that she was “a bit busy” when the paper was submitted and “did not do my job well”. Arnold’s honesty is admirable, but it raises a question; Are scholars at super competitive places such as Harvard, Stanford and Yale rushing to publish rather than taking the time to do their work right? It’s impossible to answer this question scientifically because there’s no scientific definition of “rushing”. But there’s little doubt that we live in a culture where academics at leading universities are under enormous pressure to produce results—and a lot of them—quickly. Formal research assessments have for years judged academic departments largely on the output quantity. The existing system has led to reduced motivation for excellence and innovation in academic research. A recent reform by academics within the field has urged for quality over quantity. Good science takes time. More than 50 years passed between the 1543 publication of Copernicus’s magnum opus (天体运行论), and the broad scientific acceptance of the heliocentric model of the universe. Nearly a century passed between biochemist Friedrich Miescher’s identification of the DNA and the clarification of its double-helix structure in the 1950s. And it took just about half a century for geologists and geophysicists to accept geophysicist Alfred Wegener’s idea of continental movement. Scientists and other scholars are pushing results out far faster than they used to. Consider the volume of academic papers being published these days. One recent study put the number at over seven million a year, compared with fewer than a million as recently as 1980. Another study found 265 academic authors—two thirds of whom were in the medical and life sciences—who published a paper every five days on average. Some of this growth is driven by more scientists and more co-authorship of papers, but the numbers also suggest that the research world has prioritized quantity over quality. Researchers may need to slow down—not speed up—if we are to produce trustworthy knowledge. 42. The author gives an example of Frances H. Arnold to show that ______. A. academic fields value honesty B. scientists lack time for research C. scholars tend to publish papers in a hurry D. laboratories fail to replicate scientific results 43. What can be inferred from the passage? A. AI and climate issues block research progress. B. Defining “rushing” boosts academic productivity. C. Identifying DNA is easier than clarifying its structure. D. Scholars have acknowledged the problem with academic evaluation. 44. According to the passage, what is the author’s opinion on scientific research? A. Research credibility is a top priority in science. B. More publications enhance researchers’ reputation. C. Studies in medical and life sciences are satisfactory. D. Co-authorship needs to be cancelled for reliable research. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you are asked to describe your relationship with your phone, what would you say? ____45____ For those of us who use digital technology with regularity, we will unavoidably think we have overdone it. But are we really addicted to our screens? For the vast majority of users, the answer is no because there’s no formal set of criteria for digital addiction. ____46____ This test was given to around 800 people, using criteria previously adopted in many other studies. The team found that 69% of the participants could be diagnosed with an addiction to spending time with their friends. ____47____ Instead, the team was showing how easy it is to create what appears to be a data-driven measure of an addictive behavior, which actually is a normal part of everyday life. The idea of being addicted to offline friendships is ridiculous, but that is what is happening in the digital technology research literature. We are stuck with researchers combining people’s enjoyment of an activity with the idea that it has the potential to become addictive. ____48____ It is true that we can develop bad relationships with the technology we use, but an emerging line of research says we need to view our relationships with digital technology in terms of habits, not in terms of problematic use. ____49____ Whether they have positive or negative effects on our well-being depends not just on the type of habit, but on the context in which it occurs, how frequently it occurs and what other factors might be contributing to it. Thinking about our technology use in terms of habit offers us a much wider range of options. Rather than getting rid of technology altogether, we can seek our digital experience that promote positive effects while minimizing negative impacts. A. Many of us are likely to develop bad habits. B. Habits, like checking our phones, are neutral. C. For many, the word “addicted” would spring to mind. D. This leads ultimately to the belief that the activity is naturally bad. E. Obviously, the aim wasn’t to fuel a new moral panic about socializing. F. A recent study has revealed evidence that shows positive effects of digital use. G. Back in 2020, a team used standard techniques to do an offline-friend addiction questionnaire. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Survey data show that American customers today are more than twice as likely to complain about a product or service as they were in 1976. People are grumbling (抱怨) more at work too. Nearly a third of employers in one UK-based survey witnessed an increase in employee complaints over a two-year period. Of course, you can always find something to complain about. But if you do so habitually, that is probably hurting you, making others feel down, and making you a less attractive person to be around. So you might want to resist the trend toward a culture of complaint. Sometimes, complaining is “instrumental,” designed to gain redress (补偿) for displeasure, such as poor service or annoying behaviour from a family member. Complaining can also be “chronic,” a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and refuse to be comforted. More typically, however, complaining is simply to let out displeasure or obtain sympathy. The problem with complaining is that even though it can feel therapeutic (有疗效的), it typically isn’t. Although complaining might offer temporary relief, it’s bad for your happiness in the long run. Scholars have shown that people who share negative emotions on social media experience lower levels of well being. Complaining can also lower the happiness of the people around you. Researchers showed that simply hearing another’s complaint lowers one’s mood. Even worse, in some relationships , the negative effect can pass like a virus to those exposed. Let’s assume, however, that your livelihood does not rely on spreading misery. Much more likely is that it will be in your interest, if you have a complaining habit, to break it. The people you care about will be happier too. 50. What is the purpose of “instrumental” complaining? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 51. What are the negative effects of complaining? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 52. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➤ “Chronic” complaining is a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and try to obtain sympathy. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 53. Instead of complaining, how would you deal with dissatisfaction in life? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （请务必将第50至53题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内） 第二节（20分） 54. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校国际部即将举办“校园科技节”，现正在全校招募英语志愿者。请你用英语给活动负责人写一封申请信，内容包括： 1. 阐述申请理由； 2. 介绍个人优势。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数 提示词：Science and Technology Festival Dear Sir/Madam, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $