2024年全国甲卷长难句精析

2024年全国甲卷长难句精析 四选一阅读A篇 · Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors, 1880-1990: Into the Light. （28词，四选一阅读A篇） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主句主干“Try your hand at some of the painting tricks”为do型祈使句；“used by artists”为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰painting tricks；“works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors, 1880-1990: Into the Light”为关系代词whose引导的限制性定语从句修饰先行词artists，在从句中作定语，与主语works存在所属关系。 参考译文 在即将举办的“美国水彩画，1880-1990 年：走进光明”展览中，您可以尝试艺术家们使用的一些绘画技巧。 语言积累 upcoming adj. 即将到来的 painting tricks 绘画技巧 try one’s hand at sth. 尝试某物 · Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials. （32词，四选一阅读A篇） 结构精析 该句主干“Join Javier Marin”为do型祈使句；“from the Harvard Museum of Natural History”为介词短语作后置定语修饰Javier Marin；“to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art”为and并列的三个不定式结构作目的状语，且“how insects and other invertebrates dance”为宾语从句；“while making your own spineless artists ...”为连词while加现在分词短语作伴随状语。 参考译文 与哈佛大学自然历史博物馆的哈维尔-马林（Javier Marin）一起，了解昆虫和其他无脊椎动物如何跳舞、激发时尚灵感和创造艺术，同时用手工材料制作自己的无脊椎艺术家。 语言积累 invertebrate n. 无脊椎动物 spineless adj. 无脊椎的 四选一阅读B篇 · That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like. （23词，四选一阅读B篇） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主句主干“That’s ...”为主系表结构；“most pet cats are able to tell immediately...”为连接副词why引导的表语从句，其中该表语从句嵌套了一个由从属连词if引导的宾语从句作tell的宾语，以及一个由关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面宾从整句，在定从中作like的宾语。 参考译文 这就是为什么大多数宠物猫都能立即分辨出它们的主人是否与其他猫接触过，而它们通常不喜欢这样。 语言积累 immediately adv. 立刻，马上 be able to do sth. 能够做某事 四选一阅读C篇 · “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions (区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. （40词，四选一阅读C篇） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主句主干“says Emile Ducke”为倒装结构，直接引语“ ‘People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning’ ”即是says的宾语，“to make an appointment”为不定式短语作目的状语，“early in the morning”为介词短语作时间状语；“a German photographer”为名词短语作主语Emile Ducke的同位语，补充说明其职业；“who traveled with the staff...”为关系代词who引导的限制性定语从句修饰先行词photographer，在从句中作主语；“of the Saint Lukas”为介词短语作后置定语修饰staff；“for a two-week trip in November”为介词短语作时间状语；“through the vast regions of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia”为介词短语作地点状语。 参考译文 德国摄影师埃米尔-杜克（Emile Ducke）说：“人们一大早就开始排队预约了。”去年11月，他与圣卢卡斯的工作人员一起进行了为期两周的旅行，穿越了克拉斯诺亚尔斯克和哈卡斯的广大地区。 语言积累 queue v. 排队 appointment n. 约定，预约 photographer n. 摄影师 staff n. 职员，员工 vast adj. 巨大的，广大的 region n. 区域 make an appointment 预约 · The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. （50词，四选一阅读C篇） 结构精析 该句为含多种复杂成分的简单句，句子主干“The government has struggled to come up with measures”为主谓宾结构，不定式短语“to come up with measures”作宾语；不定式短语“to address the problem”作后置定语修饰measures；介词短语“particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River”作地点状语，particularly强调说明措施的落实之地；“including...programs”为现在分词短语作伴随状语，举例说明具体措施有哪些，and并列两个动名词短语“arranging doctor’s appointments”和“expanding financial aid programs”作including的宾语；“by video chat”为介词短语作方式状语；第一个不定式结构“to motivate doctors”作目的状语，第二个不定式结构“to practice medicine”作宾补；介词短语“in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk”作地点状语。 参考译文 政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，尤其是在伏尔加河以东较为贫困的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，以及扩大财政援助计划，以激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。 语言积累 struggle v. 努力，奋斗 address v. 处理，设法解决 rural adj. 农村的 arrange v. 安排 expand v. 扩大，增加 financial adj. 财政的 aid n. 援助 motivate v. 激励 practice v. 从业，执业 remote adj. 偏远的 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 come up with 提出，想出 arrange an appointment 安排预约 motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 practice medicine 行医，指合法持有医学执照的人员从事医疗活动 · For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). （25词，四选一阅读C篇） 结构精析 该句为含多成分的简单句，主干“the train stops”为主谓结构；“at about eight stations”为介词短语作地点状语；“For 10 months every year”和“over two weeks”均为介词短语作时间状语；“before returning to the regional capital”为介词before加现在分词短语构成介词短语作时间状语；“to refuel and restock”为不定式短语作目的状语。 参考译文 每年有10个月的时间，列车会在大约8个车站停留两周，然后返回地区首府加油和补给。 语言积累 regional adj. 地区的 refuel v. 加油，补充燃料 restock v. 补给 · “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. （26词，四选一阅读C篇） 结构精析 该句主干“says Ducke”为倒装结构，直接引语即是says的宾语；引语中主干“I was very impressed”为主系表结构，“by the doctors and their assistants”为介词短语引出具体对象是谁；“working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned”为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰the doctors and their assistants。 参考译文 Ducke说：“医生和他们的助手们在如此狭小的空间里工作和生活，却依然保持专注和高度关怀，这给我留下了深刻印象。” 语言积累 impressed adj. 印象深刻的 assistant n. 助手 be impressed by 被.......所感动/印象深刻 stay focused 保持专注 四选一阅读D篇 · He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. （36词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 该句为复杂句，主句主干“He suggested...”为“主谓宾”结构；“I think about the difference”为省略了从属连词that的宾语从句，作suggested的宾语，且从句中谓语动词含虚拟语气 (should) +do；“between...and...”为介词短语作后置定语，修饰difference；宾语从句中还嵌套了三个均是由关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句“I wanted for the characters”“were right for the characters”“satisfied the story”，修饰各自的先行词endings，以及还嵌套一个由even if引导的让步状语从句“they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome”。 参考译文 他建议我想一想，我想要的人物结局和适合人物的结局之间有什么区别，即使没有传统意义上的积极结局，也能满足故事的需要。 语言积累 ending n. 结尾，结局 character n. 人物，角色 satisfy v. 满足 outcome n. 结果 · That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. （26词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主句主干“That’s ...”为主系表结构；“this issue of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for...”为连接副词why引导的表语从句，表从中不定式结构“to help you figure out”作谓语动词aims的宾语，“how to write ...”为“疑问词+不定式”的结构作figure out的宾语；“the best ending”为write的直接宾语，“whatever kind of writing you’re doing”为连接代词whatever引导的宾语从句作介词for的宾语，也是write的间接宾语。 参考译文 这就是为什么本期《作家文摘》旨在帮助您了解如何为您正在进行的任何类型的写作写出最好的结尾。 语言积累 issue [熟词生义] n. (报纸、杂志等的) 期，号 aim to do sth. 旨在做某事 figure out 解决，弄明白 · If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. （22词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主句主干“Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques”为主谓宾结构；“you can try”为省略了关系代词的定语从句修饰先行词techniques，先行词在从句中作try的宾语；“to see”为不定式作目的状语；“which one helps you stick the landing”为连接代词which引导的宾语从句作see的宾语；“it’s short stories”为连词if引导的条件状语从句。 参考译文 如果是短篇小说，彼得-芒福德（Peter Mountford）为您分析了六种技巧，看看哪种技巧能帮助您顺利着陆。 语言积累 break down 拆分 stick the landing 稳稳降落（在体育运动中，指运动员在完成动作后稳定地站立，表示动作完成得很好） · Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. （26词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主句主干“Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters”为主谓宾结构；“of five great novels”为介词短语作后置定语；“to see”为不定式结构作目的状语；“what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work”为and并列的两个宾语从句作see的宾语，分别是连接代词what引导的宾语从句、连接副词how引导的宾语从句。 参考译文 伊丽莎白-西姆斯（Elizabeth Sims）分析了五部伟大小说的最后章节，看看它们包含哪些关键点，以及你如何将它们改编成你的作品。 语言积累 analyze v. 分析 chapter n. 章，篇 adapt v. 改编，使适应 · This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be—that’s up to you and the story you’re telling—but it might provide what you need to get there. （27词，四选一阅读D篇） 结构精析 该句为并列复杂句，主句主干“This issue won’t tell you...”为主谓双宾结构；“what your ending should be”为连接代词what引导的宾语从句作tell的直接宾语；第一个破折号后句子“that’s up to you and the story”为短句作插入语，提供额外信息进行解释，“you’re telling”为省略了关系代词的定语从句修饰先行词the story；第二个破折号后句子“it might provide what you need to get there”为but并列的第二个分句，“what you need to get there”为连接代词what引导的宾语从句作provide的宾语，连接词在从句中作need的宾语。 参考译文 这一期不会告诉你结局应该是什么——这取决于你和你正在讲述的故事——但它可能会提供你达到这一目的所需要的东西。 语言积累 be up to sb. 取决于某人 七选五阅读 · It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. （21词，七选五阅读） 结构精析 该句为含较多成分的简单句，主干“It’s important to slow down and think about food...”为主系表结构，it为形式主语，不定式结构为真正主语；“as something nutritious”为介词短语作宾语补足语，形容词“nutritious”作后置定语；“rather than just something to eat in between meetings”为介词短语作比较状语，与something nutritious作对比，“to eat”作后置定语，“in between meetings”为介词短语作时间状语。 参考译文 重要的是，要放慢脚步，把食物当成有营养的东西，而不仅仅是会议间隙吃的东西。 语言积累 nutritious adj. 有营养的 slow down 慢下来 in between 在......之间 · It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. （29词，七选五阅读） 结构精析 该句为并列复杂句，分句一主干“It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body”为主谓宾结构，it为形式主语，不定式结构为真正主语；“that it has had enough food”为从属连词that引导的宾语从句作tell的直接宾语；“so eat slowly and stop eating”为连词so并列的do型祈使句，“before you feel full”为连词before引导的时间状语从句。 参考译文 实际上，大脑需要几分钟的时间才能告诉身体它已经吃饱了，所以要慢慢吃，在感觉吃饱之前停止进食。 语言积累 full adj. 吃饱了的 · Studies suggest that eating only when you’re most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. （24词，七选五阅读） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主句主干“Studies suggest...”为主谓宾结构；“that eating...and giving... may help to regulate weight”为从属连词that引导的宾语从句，宾从中主语为and并列的两个动名词结构；“only when you’re most active”为副词only修饰when引导的时间状语从句，起强调作用；“your digestive system a long break”为动名词giving的双宾语，“each day”为名词短语作时间状语。 参考译文 研究表明，只在最活跃的时候进食，并且每天让消化系统休息很长时间，可能有助于调节体重。 语言积累 suggest v. 表明，显示 digestive adj. 与消化相关的 regulate v. 调节 digestive system 消化系统 regulate weight 调节体重 完形填空 · This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down—a skill that has turned out to be quite practical, especially whenever we share the newspaper. （27词，完形填空） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主句主干“This training taught her to read and write her Chinese”为主谓宾补结构；“upside down”为副词短语作方式状语；破折号后面“a skill...”为插入语，补充说明前面内容是一项技能；“that has turned out to be quite practical”为关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句修饰先行词skill；“especially whenever we share the newspaper”为副词especially修饰whenever引导的时间状语从句，起强调作用。 参考译文 这次培训教会了她倒着读和写中文——这项技能非常实用，尤其是在我们分享报纸的时候。 语言积累 practical adj. 实用的 upside down 颠倒 turn out to be 结果是 · I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to: her stories always make my history textbooks come alive. （27词，完形填空） 结构精析 该句为复杂句，主句主干“I guess...”为主谓宾结构，“our different childhood background is”为省略了从属连词that引导的宾语从句，宾从中嵌套了一个由连接代词what引导的表语从句，连接词在从句中作主语；“such an amazing person”为名词短语作宾补，“to talk to”为不定式结构作后置定语；冒号后句子“her stories always make my history textbooks come alive”与前面内容存在较强的逻辑关系，解释说明缘由，“come alive”作宾补。 参考译文 我想，正是因为我们的童年背景不同，我的祖母才会成为一个如此令人惊叹的倾诉对象：她的故事总能让我的历史课本变得生动起来。 语言积累 come alive 变得生动有趣 语法填空 · Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety. （28词，语法填空） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主句主干“the national parks tend to catch our attention”为主谓宾结构；“Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level”为连词although引导的让步状语从句；“in particular”为介词短语作插入语，起强调功能；“because of their large size and variety”为介词短语作原因状语。 参考译文 虽然任何级别的公园都有各种规模和类型，但国家公园因其规模大、种类多而特别吸引我们的注意。 语言积累 variety n. 多样化 at any level在任何层面上 in particular特别地 tend to do sth. 倾向于做某事 catch one’s attention引起某人的注意 · On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in what is now northwestern Wyoming. （24词，语法填空） 结构精析 句子主干“four men relaxed”为主谓结构；“On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870”为介词短语作时间状语；“before a campfire”为介词短语作地点状语，“along the Firehole River”为介词短语作后置定语；连接代词what引导宾语从句作介词in的宾语，在从句中作主语。 参考译文 1870 年 9 月中旬的一个凉爽星夜，四个人在现在怀俄明州西北部火孔河畔的篝火前休息。 语言积累 starry adj. 繁星满天的 campfire n. 篝火 starry night 星空之夜 · They were part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. （22词，语法填空） 结构精析 该句为主从复合句，主句主干“They were part of a 15-member exploring party”为主系表结构；“that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there”为关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词exploring party，关系词在从句中作主语；“in witness of the natural beauties there”为介词短语作目的状语。 参考译文 他们是一支 15 人探险队的成员，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。 语言积累 exploring party探险队 in witness of作为......的见证 natural beauty自然风光 · This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. （26词，语法填空） 结构精析 该句为含较多成分的简单句，主干“This area must be well preserved”为主谓结构；“for all people of the nation”为介词短语作不定式结构“to enjoy”的逻辑主语；“with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty”为介词短语作插入语，补充说明这个地区的特点；破折号后“as a national park”为介词短语作插入语，补充说明这个地区的功能用途。 参考译文 这一地区拥有独特而令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园妥善保护起来，供全国人民欣赏。 语言积累 unique adj. 独特的 breathtaking adj. 令人惊叹的 preserve v. 保存 · Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. （39词，语法填空） 结构精析 该句为复杂句，主句主干“Yellowstone was the largest United States national park”为主系表结构；第一个破折号后内容“2.2 million acres”为插入语，补充说明其面积；第二个破折号后句子为until引导的时间状语从句“Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres”；关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Wrangell-Saint Elias。 参考译文 黄石公园曾是美国面积最大的国家公园——220 万英亩，直到 1978 年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯公园，才在 1980 年以 1230 万英亩的面积荣登国家公园宝座。 语言积累 acre n. 英亩 monument n. 纪念碑 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$