Unit2 Exploring English 知识点讲义-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）必修第一册

U2 Exploring English知识点梳理 第一节 词汇变化 1.behavior n.举止；行为 behave v.表现 mind one's behavior 注意某人的行为举止 behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体 behave well表现好 ①对不起，我昨天晚上表现得太幼稚。 I am sorry about what I did last night — I like a child. ②我认为我们大家都应该注意在公共场所的行为举止。 I think all of us should in public places. ③I want you to behave (you) while I'm away. ④Everyone is angry because of his rude (behave)． 2.unique adj.独特的；独一无二的 uniqueness n. 独特 a unique opportunity极难得的机会 be unique to sb./sth.为…所独有 ①他的声音非常独特。 His voice is . ②这种友好的氛围是我们队所独有的。 This friendly atmosphere is unique to our team. ③This kind of architecture is unique this area. ④你将无法相信他独特的思考方式和丰富的想像力。 You won't believe of thinking and rich imagination. 3.reflect v.反思；反映 reflection n.反映；思考 reflect ... in... 在…中映出… reflect on... 反思；思考 ①人的行动反映出他的思想。 A man's actions his thoughts. ②镜子中映出她的脸。 Her face the mirror. ③After (reflect), I felt I had made a wrong decision. ④在夜晚，我反思白天发生的事情。 At night, I what had happened during the day. 4. creativity n.创造力 create v.创造 creative adj.有创意的 creation n.创作；作品 发散思维 creation n．创造→creative adj.有创造力的 action n．行动→active adj.积极的 imagination n．想象力→imaginative adj.想象中的 instruction n．指导→instructive adj.有教育意义的 ①作者创作了一个激动人心的故事。 The writer a very exciting story. ②我们决定研发一个更好的系统。 We are determined to an even better system. ③这个广告的构思很有创意。 The idea for the advertisement is . ④He is famous for his kindness and (creative)． ⑤The boss was pleased with our (创造性的工作)． 5. patient adj.耐心的，能忍受的，坚韧的；n.病人 patience n．耐心，耐性 impatient adj.不耐烦的，没有耐心的 impatience n．不耐烦，无耐性 with patience＝patiently (adv.)耐心地 be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心 be patient of sth.忍耐某事 have patience with sb. /sth. 对某人/某事有耐心 have the patience to do sth. 有耐心做某事 be out of patience with... 对……忍无可忍 have no patience with... 对……不能容忍 ①这个医生对他的病人很有耐心。 The doctor his patients ②他对孩子们总是非常好，很有耐心。 He was endlessly with children. ③他能忍饥挨冻。 He cold and hunger. ④我们应该耐心地照顾病人，即我们应该有耐心。 We should take care of our , that is we should . 重点短语 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.burn up烧毁，消耗；烧旺起来 burn down烧倒；烧毁 burn out 燃尽 burn to the ground 烧成平地 get burned被烫伤；晒伤 2.burn down(建筑物)(被)烧毁 3.have trouble (in) doing在做…方面有困难 have trouble with sth.在…方面有困难 4.get seasick晕船 5.in one's free time 在某人的业余时间 6.take a photo 拍照 7.on the train 在火车上 8.the opposite of... …的反义词，…的对立面 9.look out of 向外看 10.human race 人类 练习： ①他在他的科研方面有一些麻烦。 He his scientific research. ②我们毫不吃力地找到了他的家。 We finding his house. ③Do you have any trouble (完成这个任务)? ④如果你走开时忘了关掉熨斗，那么你有可能烧毁房子。 If you forgot to turn off the iron when you went away, you might the house. ⑤我的蜡烛就要燃尽了，这时，借着微弱的火光，我看到怪物的黄色眼睛慢慢睁开。 My candle was almost when, by its tiny light, I saw the yellow eye of the creature open. ⑥别忘了，游泳时你还是有可能晒伤的。 Don't forget you can still when you're swimming. 课文语法填空 One day my daughter asked me 1 there was a ha m in a hamburger. This made me realize English can be a crazy language to learn. There is no egg in eggplant and neither is there pine 2 apple in pineapple. There are other things 3 I feel puzzled (迷茫的). We travel in a car but 4 the train or bus. Homework are not the same 5 housework. What's more, harmless is the opposite of harmful, but shameless and shameful 6 (be) the same. Even the smallest of words can be 7 (confuse). You may read “WHO” as the “who” in “Who's that？” English 8 (invent) by people and it 9 (reflect) the creativity of human race. That's 10 these differences happen. 细节知识点 1.Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. neither... nor... 既不…也不… neither或nor放句首，句子部分倒装，即将系动词，助动词或情态动词提至主语前。 ①他既不喝酒，也不吸烟。 ②他既不喜欢，也没品尝过这种食物。 Neither nor has he tried this kind of food. ③I have money time for the ball.（既不…也不…） ④He didn't remember. (我也不记得). ⑤Neither Tom nor his parents (invite) to the party yesterday. 2.这就是为何当星星出来时，它们是可以看见的，但是当灯是灭的时，它们是看不见的。 That's why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. That's why... 这就是为何……(后加结果) That's because... 这就是因为……(后加原因) ①雨下得很大。这就是为何他们推迟了比赛。 It rained heavily. they put off the match. ②他们推迟了会议，这是因为雨下得太大了。 They put off the match. it rained heavily. ③He is ill. he doesn't come to school. ④He was fired. he made a serious mistake. 3.English is very difficult to learn. 句型：“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构。 4.Some American spellings were created by Noah Webster, who made one of America’s first dictionaries. 句型：who引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Noah Webster，在句子中充当主语。 5.I spent days preparing and writing my first English paper. spend time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事 6. To my astonishment,… 句型：“to + one’s +情感名词”。表示“令某人……的是”“使某人感到……的是”｡ 7. It turned out that.... 句型：It turned out that....表示“结果证明是” Grammar ——word formation构词法 一、adding a prefix or suffix派生法 派生法——就是在词根前加前缀或在其后加后缀构成新词。加前缀，一般不改变词性，而只是引起意义上的变化。加后缀一般意义变化不大，只改变了词性。 常见的前缀有: dis--不: disappearance，disagree, dislike, disappear im--不：impossible, impolite, impatient in--不：inexpensive, incorrect, inability un--不：unable, unhappy, unfair inter--在…之间；相互 international, interconnect mis--错误地 mislead, misunderstand, misguide non--不，非 non-electrical, non-smoker pre--在…之前 preschool, preview, prewar re--再，重新 retell, rewrite, reread 常见的后缀有: -er, or （做某事）的人 / …者 dancer, actor,reporter, foreigner, actor, inventor -ment 表示动作、状态、结果 arrangement, development,movement -ship 表示技能、地位、性质、状态 leadership, friendship -tion 表示结果 relation, reflection -able 表示有…性质的,可…的 washable, comfortable -ful 表示有……性质的，充满的 useful, mouthful,careful -less 表示无、没有 careless, useless -ous 表示有…特性的 dangerous, nervous -ly 表示方式 carefully, quickly,angrily 练习： Prefixes and suffixes often have fixed meanings. If you add un- or in- to a word, the new word usually means the opposite. For example, if something isn’t correct it’s , and if someone isn’t happy they are . Words with the suffixes -ment and -ness are often nouns. For example, if somebody has improved a lot, they have made great . 二、combining two or more words合成法 合成法是构词法的一种，是把两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，有些带连字符，有些不带。合成词的词义通常可以由组成它的几个单词的意思推测出。 1. 合成名词： 名词+名词 weekend周末 bookmark书签 名词+动名词 handwriting书法　sightseeing观光 名词+动词+-er storyteller讲故事的人 动词+名词 typewriter打字机 guidebook指南手册 2. 合成形容词： 名词+形容词 lifelong终身的, 毕生的 名词+v. -ing English-speaking讲英语的 nature-loving热爱自然的 名词+过去分词 man-made人造的 形容词+v. -ing good-looking相貌好看的 3. 合成动词 形容词+动词 whitewash用石灰水刷白 副词+动词 overcome战胜　overthrow推翻 名词+动词 sleep-walk梦游 4. 合成副词 形容词+副词 everywhere到处　somehow不知何故 副词+副词 however然而 介词+副词 forever永远 介词+名词 beforehand预先　downstairs在楼下 5. 合成介词 副词+名词 inside在……里　outside在……外 介词+副词 throughout遍及　within在……之内 副词+介词 into到……里　upon在……之上 练习： Words formed by combining other words are called compounds, for example, __________ (a friend that you contact by writing, traditionally using a pen) and __________ (known by many people). 三、changing the part of speech转化法 英语中，有些名词可作动词，有些形容词还可作动词、名词或副词。这种保持词形不变，但改变词性的用法就叫作转化法。 动词转化为名词--1. The tramp dreamed a sweet dream. 形容词转化为动词--2. The clean blackboard is cleaned by students. 副词转化为形容词--3. He studied hard and his hard work paid off. 形容词转化为名词--4. You have no right to stop people from doing the right thing. 练习： Some nouns and adjectives can be used as verbs, or the other way round. When we calm somebody down, they become . And we can give someone a present by it. 四.abbreviating英文缩写 首字母缩写: as soon as possible--ASAP World Trade Organization--WTO United Nations -- UN 联合国 People's Republic of China ---PRC 中华人民共和国 the United Kingdom -- UK 英国的英文缩写 save our souls -- SOS 求救信号 United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization -- UNESCO联合国教育、科学、文化组织 单词截短: advertisement—ad. laboratory—lab 简写: news broadcast→newscast新闻广播 television broadcast→telecast电视播送 smoke and fog→smog烟雾 helicopter airport→heliport直升飞机场 练习： And sometimes a word is made up of the first letters of several words: “World Trade Organization ” can be referred to as , and is short for “as soon as possible”. 第二节 词汇变化 1． nowadays n．如今 now 当今 at present 目前；当前 currently 当今；现在 ①现在人们把垃圾分类，以便于废物再利用。 people separate their waste to make it easier for it to be reused. ②当今社会，越来越多的人关注环境保护。 ,more and more people pay attention to environment protection. 2.aspect n．方面；侧面；面貌 every aspect of life 生活的方方面面 a new aspect 一个新面貌 ①技术革新到处可见，并影响着生活的方方面面。 Technological change is everywhere and affects . ②我们的学校面貌一新。 Our school takes on an entirely . ③ I become afraid of (那个人生气的一面)． 3．remind v．提醒；使想起 reminder n. 提醒物 remind sb. to do 提醒某人做某事 remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起… remind sb. that...提醒某人… ①我忘了提醒他面试的时间。 I forgot to the time for the interview. ②我们竖起一块牌子提醒人们保护树木。 We put up a board to the trees. ③我提醒自己，妈妈能做的我也能做。 I myself that what my mother could do, I could, too. ③In our childhood, we (remind) by grand mother to pay attention to our table manners. ④He placed the brochure on his desk as a (remind)． 4．actually adv.实际上；事实上 actual adj.实际上的 actually adv.实际上＝in fact the actual cost 实际的花费 an actual record 真实的记录 ①既然生活是舞台，那我们实际上都是演员。 Since life is a stage, we are all actors and actresses. ②Most people hate that kind of work, but I (actual) like it. ③实际的花费比我们预料的高得多。 was much higher than we had expected. 5．comment n．评论 v．评论；批评 make a comment/comments on 对…作出评论 no comment无可奉告 comment on... 对…评论 ①对他人的外貌作负面评论是不礼貌的。 It is impolite to make unfavourable comments a person's appearance. ②他们总是对我的穿着评头论足。 They are always what I'm wearing. ③The discovery is hardly (comment) by the press. ④He (没有评论) the new policy. 6.would rather 宁愿；宁可 rather than而不是(连接两个相同结构) would rather do than do＝would do rather than do 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 ①我宁愿待在室内也不愿出去玩。 I stay indoors go out to play. ②我总是愿意早开始，而不愿把所有的事情都留到最后才做。 I always prefer starting early leaving everything to the last minute. ③他宁愿宣泄怒火而不愿克制。 He express his anger bottle it up. ④她宁死不屈。 She die give in. 7． pick up 学会；拿起；开车接(某人)；收听；低价买到;恢复(健康)；提高 pick out 选出；辨别出 pick sb. to do 挑选某人做…… pick one's pocket 扒窃；掏包 ①看你能不能从这张照片上认出我来。 See if you can in this photo. ②在三年级时，我被选为校剧中的公主。 When I was in the third grade, I be the princess in the school play. ③His story was as the best by the judges. ④Sam some knowledge of computer just by watching others working on it. 写出下列句中pick up的意思 ①She picked up Japanese when she was in Japan. Now s he can speak it freely. ②We managed to pick up a few bargains in the market. ③She went over to the crying child and picked her up. ④I've got to pick up my daughter from school at four o' clock. 重点短语 1.would rather 宁愿；宁可 2.have a frog in your throat说话困难 3.look forward to期待；盼望 4.pick up 学会；捡起；开车接(某人) 5.be right back 马上回来 6.got to go得走了 7.communicate with与……交流 8.be appropriate for 适合于 课文语法填空 Some students are sharing their stories about their misunderstanding in language. The first girl's teacher couldn't teach because she had 1 frog in her throat. She 2 (think) her teacher had eaten a big frog. 3 (actual), the teacher's throat was not good that day. The second girl went to a shopping center 4 (buy) some winter boots. She 5 (tell) the shoe section was 6 the first floor. But she got lost because the second floor 7 (call) the first floor in her own country. There are some 8 (difference). The first boy's pen pal told him that his grandfather was “really wicked”. But he found this old man very kind. So he was 9 (confuse). The second boy spent days 10 (prepare) his English paper. When he got the paper back, he was surprised to find a comment — “Not bad！” 细节知识点 1．当我即将离开时，我看到鞋在一楼，而不是二楼。 When I was about to leave, I saw that shoes were actually sold on the ground floor, not the first floor. be about to...后加动词原形，即将做某事，表示要做的事情马上就会发生。是将来时态的一种表达形式。 be about to do的句子中，不能再加时间状语 (×)The medical team is about to leave immediately. (√)The medical team is about to leave. ①我们马上就要出发。 . ②新学年马上就要开始。 The new school year . ③When we arrived at the station, the train was about (leave)． ④The plane (即将起飞)． 2．我花费了几天准备和写我的第一个英语论文。 I spent days preparing and writing my first English paper. spend... (in) doing sth. 花费(时间/钱)做… spend... on sth. 在某事上花费(时间/钱)等 ①我花了很多时间解释这个方案。 I spend a lot of time the project. ②I spent all my money my girlfriend. ③ He spends too much time his study. ④We spent hours (study) the structure of leaves under the microscope. ⑤It took me two months (finish) the project. 易混辨析 ①人spend＋时间/钱on/(in) doing 花费时间/钱做…… ②人pay＋钱＋for＋物 某人为某物支付多少钱 ③物cost sb.＋钱数 某物花费某人多少钱 ④it takes sb.＋时间＋to do 某人花费多长时间做某事 $$