Unit 1 People of Achievement Using Language 语言点 导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

语言点 Using Language Page8 Introduce someone you admire (指示性缩略语说明：Para1指文本第1段。Line3指文本第3行。Page8指课本第8页。相关类似) (颜色使用说明：红色为宏观位置提醒。绿色为重要语言点提醒。紫色为必做笔记部分。) (附录：课文汉语译文) Para1, Line3, Page8 He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well­known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2.他为世界做出了无数的贡献，其中最出名的是广义相对论和著名的方程式E＝mc2。 make contributions to为……做出贡献(to介词) contribute v．捐赠；捐助；促成 contribute to增加；增添；促成；有助于(to介词) contribute sth to sth 撰稿；投稿；捐赠 活学活用 (1)I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world. 我相信我们每一个人都能够对世界的未来有所贡献。 (2)As students, we should make contributions to ____ (save) resources and ____ (protect) our environment. 作为学生，我们应该为节约资源和保护环境做出贡献。 (3)There are many factors which ____ a person's success，the most important of which is confidence. 一个人的成功是由许多因素促成的，其中最重要的就是自信。 Keys: (2) saving, protecting (3) contribute to (4)单句语法填空 ①In my view，as long as we can make contributions to ____(protect) the environment, the world will become a much better place to live in. ② Mr Reed makes up his mind to contribute all he has to__set__ (set) up some schools for poor children. ③She contributed a number of articles __to__ the magazine. Keys: ①protecting ②set(动词不定式作目的状语) ③ to Para1, Line3, Page8 He made numerous contributions to the world，the most well­known being the general theory of relativity．..他对世界做出了许多贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论…… 句型公式： 句中the most well­known being the general theory of relativity为“名词(短语)＋现在分词”构成的独立主格结构，本句中being前省略了contribution。 句型解读： 独立主格结构 (1)独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随情况等。 (2)独立主格结构的常用形式： 逻辑主语＋现在分词（表示主动） +过去分词（表示被动） +动词不定式（表示将来） +形容词/副词/名词/介词短语 活学活用 (1)Time ____(permit), I'll drop in at your house when I attend the meeting there next month. 如果时间允许，我下个月在那儿参加会议时将去拜访你。 (2)Children____， a few women stood there chatting. 几个妇女抱着孩子站在那里聊天。 (3)Much time ____(spend) sitting at the desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.由于花太多时间坐在桌旁，办公室工作人员普遍受到健康问题的困扰。 Keys: (1) permitting (2) in arms (3) spent (4)句型转换 ①The machine shows a lot of wear and tear, so we need to replace it with a new one. →The machine ____， so we need to replace it with a new one. ②When the test was finished, we began our holiday. →____， we began our holiday. Keys: ①showing a lot of wear and tear ②The test finished Para1, Line4, Page8 E=mc2 E=mc2在英语中的表达是"Energy equals mass times the square of the speed of light."口语中也可读作 E is equal to M C square.这一表达准确地反映了爱因斯坦质能方程的核心内容，即能量（E）等于质量（m）乘以光速（c）的平方。其中，c代表光速，其数值为299,792,458米每秒。这个方程不仅在物理学中具有基础性的重要地位，而且对于理解核变反应中的质量亏损以及计算高能物理中粒子的能量等方面有着深远的影响。此外，质能方程的提出还导致了德布罗意波和波动力学的诞生，进一步拓展了人们对物质世界本质的理解。 Para2, Line3, Page8 When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics.当他16岁的时候， 他努力地想进入瑞士的大学，尽管入学考试中他数学和物理成绩优异，但是因为他通识部分的成绩低而未被录取。 due to 因为；由于 due adj.由于；预期；应支付；应归于；到期 be due to do sth预计做某事 (be) due to sb应支付/给予/归于某人 活学活用 (1)Due to/Owing to bad weather, the next flight will be cancelled. 由于天气糟糕，下一航班将被取消。 (2)I think my long and active life must ____ the healthy life I live.我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，一定是因为我过着健康的生活。 (3)Professor Smith is ____ us a lecture at 8：00 tomorrow morning. 史密斯教授预计明天上午八点给我们做演讲。 Keys: (2) be due to (3) due to deliver/give (4)写出下列句中due to 或due的含义 ①Many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.____ ②She is due to deliver a speech on the economy next week. ____ ③The old man said the accident was due to careless driving, so a lot of money was due to be paid by the driver.____ ④These books must be returned before the due date or the kid cannot borrow other books.____ Keys: ①由于 ②预计 ③由于，应支付 ④到期的 Para2, Line5, Page9 After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam，entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900.又学习了一年之后，他努力通过了考试，于1896年考进大学，1900年毕业。 句型公式： 连词＋v.­ing/v.­ed/adj./n.等形式的省略结构 句型解读： 句中After studying for another year为after引导的时间状语从句的省略形式。 (1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。 When (the museum is) completed, the museum will be open to the public next year.博物馆建成后，将于明年向公众开放。 Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 (2)当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，但从句的主语是it且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，可以把it和be动词一起省略。 He'll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is) possible.如果可能的话，他将去海边度假。 If (it is) necessary, ring me at home. 如果必要的话，可以打电话到我家找我。 活学活用 (1)While still ____， Rowan had already shown admirable acting talent.还在上小学的时候，罗文就已经显示出令人钦佩的表演天赋。 (2)She gave me a comforting smile, nodded while ____． 她耐心地倾听，点点头，给我一个欣慰的微笑。 (3)There are some health problems that, when/if ____ in time, can become bigger ones later on. 有些健康问题，如果不及时治疗，日后会变成更大的问题。 (4)Unless ____， you'd better not refer to the dictionary.除非有必要，否则你最好不要查词典。 Keys: (1) at primary school (2) listening patiently (3) not treated (4) necessary Para3, Line3, Page8 While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.在那里工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，并于1905年获得了物理学的博士学位。 passion n．(a very powerful feeling)酷爱；激情 (1)full of passion　　充满激情 have a passion for．.. 酷爱…… with passion 热情地 (2)passionate adj.热爱的，酷爱的 be passionate about．.. 对……充满热情 活学活用 (1)Do not blame your life because you have no passion. 不要因为你没有热情，而埋怨你的生活。 (2) Football arouses a good deal of __passion__ among its fans. 足球在球迷中激起了极大的热情。 (3)I__have__a__passion__for__ Chinese classical literature.我酷爱中国古典文学。 (4)On the National Day, all the soldiers sang the national anthem __with__ great passion. 国庆节那天，所有的士兵都以极大的热情唱国歌。 (5)Joe is __passionate__(passion) about playing baseball. 乔非常喜欢打棒球。 Keys: (2)passion (3)have a passion for (4)with (5)passionate Para4, Line1, Page8 Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany.1933年，当希特勒在德国掌权时，情况发生了变化。 come to power (开始)掌权；上台 归纳拓展 within one's power　力所能及 be in power 执政 take power 掌权 beyond/out of one's power 力所不及 have the power to do sth 有能力做某事 do all/everything in one's power to do sth 竭尽所能做某事 活学活用 (1)Since he ____， he has____ for almost five years. 自从他上台，他已执政将近五年了。 (2)I am sure that he has the power____(finish) the task on time. 我确信他有能力按时完成这项工作。 (3)It is beyond my power ____(understand) how the computer works. 我不懂电脑是如何运行的。 Keys: (1)came to power, has been in power (2) to finish (3)to understand Para4, Line2, Page8 As a consequence, he had to flee Germany.结果，他不得不逃离德国。 consequence n．结果；后果 (1)take/suffer/face the consequences (of sth)承担/面对(某事的)后果 (2)in consequence/as a consequence＝as a result因此；结果 in consequence of/as a consequence of＝as a result of 由于…… (3)consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的 (4)consequently adv. 因此；结果 活学活用 (1)One of the worst ____ (consequence) of smoking for a long time is that you may suffer lung cancer.____ (consequent), you and your family will suffer a lot. 长期吸烟的最坏后果之一是你可能患肺癌。 因此，你和你的家人会遭受很多痛苦。 (2)The train was delayed ____ the heavy rain.由于大雨，火车晚点了。 (3)他今天起晚了，结果没赶上第一班公交。 →He got up late today. ____，he missed the first bus. →He got up late today. ____，he missed the first bus. Keys: (1)consequences, Consequently (2)as a consequence of (3)As a consequence, Consequently (4)单句语法填空 ①I regret to inform you he will become disabled as ____ consequence of his injuries. ②____ consequence of his ill health, he lost the opportunity. ③The warming of the Earth and the ____ (consequence) climatic changes affect us all. ④____(consequence), it is important that we take three measures to solve this problem. Keys: ①a ②In ③consequent ④Consequently Para4, Line3, Page8 After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA.在欧洲待了一段时间后，他最终在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院找到了一份研究员的工作。 take up a position 担任；任职 take up 拿走，接受，开始从事，继续，点据（时间或空间） 活学活用 (1)I talked with a friend recently who __took__up__ a position at a start­up company. 我最近和一个在一家新成立的公司任职的朋友聊天。 (2)Sorry to bother you, but I won't __take__up__ much of your time. 不好意思打扰你，但是我不会占用你很多时间。 (3)I'd like to__take__up__ your offer of a ride into town. 我愿意接受你的邀请，搭你的车进城。 Keys: (1)took up (2)take up (3)take up 归纳拓展 take away　解除；消除；拿走 take down　 拿下；取下；记下 take in 理解；欺骗；接纳；吸入 take off 脱去；起飞；突然大受欢迎 take on 呈现；开始雇用；承担 take apart 拆开 take over 接管；接替 活学活用 (1)There will be many challenges ahead, but I have confidence that I'll ____the burden. 前面有很多挑战，但我有信心担负重任。 (2)The more fat you ____ before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night. 你在睡觉前摄入的脂肪越多，你晚上给身体带来的负担就越大。 (3) You have to ____ the points in class. 课上你得记下要点。 Keys: (1)take on (2)take in (3)take down (4)根据句意用take短语的正确形式填空 ①With the development of science and technology，our country has ____ a new look. ②I hardly ____ what the teacher said in class, which made me in low spirits. ③When the delayed flight will ____ depends much on the weather. Keys: ①taken on ②took in ③take off Para5, Line2, Page8 He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. 他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。 句型公式： as though (好像，似乎) 引导方式状语从句，相当于as if。 句型解读： (1)as though/if引导方式状语从句时，从句通常用虚拟语气，表示与事实不符或相反的情况： ①与现在事实相反：从句用一般过去时(be动词用were) ②与过去事实相反：从句用过去完成时“had＋过去分词”结构 ③与将来事实相反：从句用“would/could/might＋动词原形”结构 (2)as though/if还可用在be、 look、 seem、 sound、 taste、 smell、 feel等系动词后面，引导表语从句。 (3)当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语又包含be动词时，从句主语和谓语中的be动词通常可省去。 活学活用 (1)I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it! 我总是用不同的声音朗读，就好像我在用我的声音表演故事，他们喜欢这样！ (2)He likes to talk big ____ an important person.(与现在事实相反) 他喜欢说大话，好像他是一位重要人物似的。 (3)The girl listened as though/if she ____ to stone. (与过去事实相反) 这女孩听着，仿佛她已变成了石头。 (4)He opened his mouth as though/if he ____ say something.(与将来事实相反) 他张开嘴好像要说些什么。 Keys: (2)as though he were (3)had been turned (4)would (5)The country, covered with cherry blossoms, looks as if/though ____ with pink snow. (陈述语气) 这个乡村开满了樱花，看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。 (6)单句语法填空 ①She treats the orphan as if/though he ____ her own son. ②Although he was just an English beginner, he talked as though/if he ____ (learn) English for many years. Keys: (5) it is covered (6) ①were ②had learnt Para5, Line6, Page8 In fact, Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things. 事实上，爱因斯坦经常在街上遇到一些人，他们会拦住他，请他帮忙解释一些事情。 encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到n. 邂逅；遭遇 (1)encounter sb/sth偶然遇见…… encounter problems/difficulties 遇到问题/困难 (2)have an encounter with．..与……相遇 活学活用 (1) We____ difficulties in the first week. 我们在第一周遇到了各种各样的困难。 (2) I had a close____ the sea during the National Day holiday. 国庆假期期间，我与大海亲密接触。 (3) The story describes the extraordinary ____ between a man and a dolphin. 这个故事描述了一个人和一只海豚之间的奇遇。 (4) I first ____ him when studying at the University of Cambridge. 我第一次见到他是在剑桥大学学习的时候。 Keys: (1) encountered a variety of (2) encounter with (3) encounter (4) encountered Para5, Line8, Page9 Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein. 我老是被误认为是爱因斯坦教授! mistake… for… (也可作mistake… as…)把……当作…… 例句： I think you must be mistaking me for someone else.我想你准是认错人了。 She mistook his offer as a threat. 她把他的好心错看成威胁了。 Exercise2, 01, Page9 Apart from his remarkable achievements, what does the passage tell us about Einstein's life？除了他卓越的成就，这篇文章还告诉了我们关于爱因斯坦一生的什么？(教材P9) remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的 (1)be remarkable for．..　以……著称 (2)remark n. 评论；言语 v. 谈起；述说；议论；评论 make no remark　不加评论；什么也不说 remark on/upon 就……发表意见；评论…… make a remark/remarks on/about．.. 就……发表意见；评论…… 活学活用 (1)Some of ____(remarkable)people I've met existed only in a writer's imagination.我遇到过的一些最杰出的人只存在于作家的想象中。 (2)Many people ____without saying anything __remarkable__． 很多人话语连篇，可就是不值一分钱。 (3)She showed ____(remark)courage on hearing the bad news.她听到这则坏消息时，表现出非凡的勇气。 Keys: (1) the most remarkable (2) make many remarks, remarkable (3)remarkable (4)单句语法填空 ①Over the years, teens have invented __remarkable__ (remark) things that solve problems and have changed the ways people do things. ②Her remarks __on__ the employment question led to a heated discussion. ③He made a number of rude __remarks__(remark) about the food. ④All his friends remarked __on__ the change in him since his marriage. Keys: ①remarkable ②on ③remarks ④on Exercise4, 03, Page9 Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how you feel about this person.用你的笔记来写介绍，并总结你对这个人的看法。 sum vi. 总结；概括　n．金额；款项；总数；总和 (1)sum up　总结；概括 to sum up＝in sum　总之 sum to＝amount to　共计 (2) a sum of　一笔(修饰货币) in sum　简而言之；总之 活学活用 (1) You have only 100 words to sum up his speech. 你只能用 100 个词来概括他的讲话。 (2)To ____，he is a man of wisdom and generosity. 总而言之，他是一个有智慧又慷慨的人。 (3) Contributions ____several thousand dollars. 捐款总数达数千美元。 (4)I have been offered ____ money to go away, but I am determined to stay here.有人给我提供了一大笔钱让我搬走，但我决定留在这里。 Keys: (2) sum up (3) summed to (4) a large sum of 附录：课文汉语译文 改变我们对宇宙认识的人 阿尔伯特爱因斯坦---这位或许是现代物理学领域最伟大的科学家---被公认是有史以来智商最高的人之一。他为世界作出了无数的贡献，最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式 E=mc2。爱因斯坦不仅是一位天才，而且是一位广受爱戴的勇敢、善良的人。 1879年3月14日，这位性情温和的天才出生于德国。16岁时，他报考瑞士的大学，尽管人学考试中的数学和物理成绩十分优异，但是因为通识部分的成绩低而未被录取。再学习了一年后，他终于通过了考试，于1896年进入大学，1900年毕业。 寻找教师的工作岗位两年无果后，他在瑞士专利局觅得一份职员的工作。工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他仍继续学习，于1905年获得物理学博士学位。同年-这一年后来被称为科学上的奇迹年-他发表了四篇非同寻常的物理学论文。此后，他渐渐闻名于世，被誉为第二个艾萨克·牛顿。四年后，他辞去了专利局的工作，进入一所大学做全职研究。1922年，他因解释光电效应而荣获1921年度的诺贝尔物理学奖。 1933年，希特勒在德国上台，形势发生了变化。身为犹太人的爱因斯坦发现学术机构纷纷对他关上大门。因此，他不得不逃离德国。在欧洲度过一段时间后，他终于在美国普林斯顿高等研究院谋得研究员一职。此后，他继续在物理学和数学领域获得重大成就。 在大众眼中，爱因斯坦是一个外表有点古怪但生性善良、风趣幽默的人。他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。虽然他是个天才，但他有时也会忘记一些事情，如朋友的生日。尽管怪癖不少，他仍然颇受朋友和邻居的喜爱。甚至有一件轶事，说的是他如何为一名上门求助的小女孩讲解家庭作业。事实上，爱因斯坦经常遇到有人当街拦住他，请他解释各种事物。这样的情形多次发生之后，他最后只好开始说:“请原谅!抱歉!我老是被误认为是爱因斯坦教授!” 1955年4月18日，噩耗传来，爱因斯坦与世长辞，全世界都哀悼一代科学巨星的陨落。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$