精品解析：上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试卷

复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期 高二年级英语期末考试卷 (考试时间：105分钟;满分：115分) I. Vocabulary(1*10=10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A. exported B. dumping C. equity D. driven E. bumping F. share G. unfounded H. simply I. projected J. obsessed K. supposedly Taking a Wrong Turn The word “overcapacity” has recently gained attention after US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen claimed that China has caused “overcapacity” in the new energy sector, including electric vehicles(EVs) and lithium batteries (锂电池). ___1___ put, “overcapacity”, in Yellen’s words, refers to producing too many goods, which could lead to global price distortions and affect businesses and workers in other countries. However, this viewpoint is ___2___ and lacks evidence. Contrary to concerns about “overcapacity”, global production in the new energy sector is actually at “undercapacity” — production is insufficient to meet demand. Data from the International Energy Agency showed that global demand for new energy vehicles(NEVs)is ___3___ to reach 45 million units by 2030, 4.5 times the 2022 levels. The idea that China has ___4___ new energy products at low prices is also incorrect. Chinese NEVs are sold at higher prices overseas than in China, and despite this, their sales continue to grow rapidly. Even the US magazine The Atlantic admitted, “Chinese electric vehicles are cheap, stylish, and high quality… Instead, the White House is going out of its way to keep Chinese EVs out of the US.” These observations indicate that the pricing and sales of new energy products are___5___ by international market supply and demand, rather than being only affected by the so-called “overcapacity” caused by China. Moreover, China’s over 60 percent ___6___ of the global power battery market comes from its focus on technological innovation and high-quality production, not low-cost ___7___. “The purpose of technological innovation has never been to widen global differences” Zeng Yuqun, founder and CEO of CATL, a leading company in new energy innovative technologies, told 21st Century Business Herald. “For China’s power batteries, technological innovation has ___8___ progress; green development has sustained growth, and technological ___9___ is the goal,” Zeng added. While China focuses on innovation and quality, the US is ____10____ with a “100-percent Made in America” goal. The Biden administration plans to subsidize (补贴) US businesses and promote the use of domestic materials to achieve this goal. Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension(1*15+2*15=45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. You don’t have to be alone to feel lonely— anyone who has experienced a fallout with friends or has to endure an awkward social gathering will ___11___. A recent Wall Street Journal column teaches us how to ___12___ loneliness. “Loneliness is not just about whether there are others around you. It’s about whether the ones around you are those you can ___13___,” says John T. Cacioppo, director of the Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience at the University of Chicago. Cacioppo explains that men and women are equally as likely to experience loneliness, but the kinds of social interaction they may be ___14___ are different. Women generally ___15___ for face-to-face social interactions, whereas men are looking for a sense of connection and ___16___ within a group. Quoting therapists, The Wall Street Journal column points out that loneliness in its most unhealthy form is a distorted way of thinking. It often has an emotional ___17___. Big changes in life, such as a breakup or a move to another city or country can be the cause of loneliness. But ___18___ things such as attending a wedding alone or quarreling with a sibling or a friend can also make us feel lonely. The column also gives advice on how to stop being alone from ___19___ into feeling lonely. You can start by ____20____ that you are the one who tells yourself that you feel lonely. You are creating the bad experience of loneliness by how you are thinking and behaving. You should acknowledge ____21____ thoughts and then try to think differently. How to achieve this? Change the mental story you ____22____ yourself. Remember that there are people who care about you, ____23____ they may just be busy at the moment. Try to enjoy the moments you have ____24____. Do things you enjoy doing alone, like reading or listening to music. If you are single and live by yourself, you can ____25____ a gym or a volunteering group to be around other people. 11. A. agree B. bother C. protest D. perceive 12. A. put up with B. turn to C. call on D. fight back 13. A. tolerate B. trust C. predict D. inspire 14. A. excluding B. applying C. missing D. attaching 15. A. account B. make C. long D. constitute 16. A. belonging B. relaxation C. vision D. dominant 17. A. gesture B. response C. touch D. trigger 18. A. small B. vital C. ultimate D. panicky 19. A. sealing B. sliding C. surfing D. stuffing 20. A. anticipating B. recognizing C. informing D. identifying 21. A. positive B. passive C. active D. negative 22. A. read B. find C. tell D. learn 23. A. when B. but C. so D. or 24. A. by yourself B. to yourself C. on yourself D. of yourself 25. A. register B. join C. serve D. admit Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. (A) The train was speeding onward and the plains of Texas were pouring eastward. A newly married pair had boarded this coach at San Antonio. The man’s face was reddened from many days in the wind and sun, and a direct result of his new black clothes was that from time to time he looked down respectfully at his clothes. He sat with a hand on each knee, like a man waiting in a barber’s shop. The glace she devoted to other passengers were shy. The bride was not pretty. She wore a dress of blue cashmere. She continually twisted her head to regard her puff sleeves. They embarrassed her. The blushes （脸红）caused by the careless glances of some passengers as she had entered the car were strange to see. They were evidently very happy. “Ever been in a parlor-car （特等火车）before?” he asked, smiling with delight. “No,” she answered; “I never was. It’s fine，ain’t it?” “Great! And then after a while we’ll go forward to the dinner. Fresh meal in the world. Charge a dollar. ” “Oh, do they?” cried the bride. “Charge a dollar? Why，that’s too much — for us — ain’t it, Jack?” Later he explained to her about the trains. “You see, if s a thousand miles from one end of Texas to the other; and this runs right across it, and never stops but four times.” He had the pride of an owner. He pointed out to her the dazzling fittings of the coach; and in truth her eyes opened wider and she watched the sea-green velvet（丝绒人）, the shining bronze，silver, and glass, the wood that glowed as darkly brilliant as the surface of a pool of oil. At one end a bronze statue held a support for a separated room, and on the ceiling were frescos（壁画）in olive and silver. To the minds of the pair, their surroundings reflected the glory of their marriage that morning in San Antonio: this was the environment of their new estate; and the man’s face in particular shone with an elation （得意）that made him appear ridiculous to the Negro porter. This porter at times surveyed them with an amused and superior grin. On other occasions he bullied them with skill in ways that did not make it easy to them that they were being bullied. He oppressed them. But of this oppression they had small knowledge, and infrequently, a number of travelers covered them with stares of derisive （嘲讽的）enjoyment. At last they went to the dining-car. Two rows of Negro waiters, in glowing white suits, surveyed their entrance with the interest. The pair fell to the seats of a waiter who happened to feel pleasure in steering them through their meal. He viewed them with the manner of a fatherly guide, his face radiant with kindness. The service, coupled with the ordinary deference（毕恭毕敬），was rare to them. And yet, as they returned to their coach, they showed in their faces a sense of escape. 26. The description of the couple's clothes and behaviour seems to indicate that they had a sense of ____. A. superiority B. awkwardness C. despair D. satisfaction 27. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The interior of the coach was luxurious and modem. B. The Negro porter was very helpful to the couple. C It was the first time for the couple to take a train in Texas. D. Some passengers on the train took the couple as an object of fun. 28. What does the underlined word “surveyed” mean in the 8th paragraph? A. monitored B. observed C. searched D. investigated 29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The waiter was indifferent to the couple. B. The couple felt uneasy at dinner. C. The service was satisfactory. D. The couple enjoyed the dinner. (B) Hopping Around the World Hopscotch is a very old game. It usually uses a puck such as a stone, and a pattern that players hop through. Here are different versions to play. Scotch-Hoppers Children in England and Scotland play this game with a stone or a coin. Throw the stone into Box 1. Hop over Box 1 and through the pattern. On the way back, hop into Box 1, pick up the stone, and hop out. Then, toss the puck into Box 2, and so on. If your stone enters the wrong box, start over! The first player to throw the stone into each box and hop through the whole pattern wins. Escargot Escargot is the French word for “snail.” For this game, the pattern looks like a snail. No puck is used. Players hop through the pattern on one foot. You may rest in the center on both feet. After resting, hop back through the pattern and out. If you finish the pattern without stepping on a line, write your name in a space. No other player may land in that space. At the end, the player who owns the most spaces wins. La Thunkuna Children play this game in Bolivia, a country in South America. The puck is a stone or the peel from an orange. Instead of writing a number in each square, players write each day of the week. Throw the puck into the first box. Hop over it into the second box. Next, kick the puck backwards and out of the pattern. Then, hop out. On your next turn, throw the puck into the next space, and so on. The first player to hop all the way through wins. Gat Fei Gei In this Chinese version of hopscotch, the puck is a piece of roof tile. At the top is the pig’s head. Toss the puck into the pig’s head and hop through the pattern. When you reach boxes 7 and 8, spin around and pick up the puck from behind. If you hop through the pattern without making a mistake, pick a box and write your name in it. No one else can land in that box! The player who owns the most boxes wins. 30. What are the two common things used in hopscotch? A. Coin and pin. B. Box and chair. C. Snail and space. D. Puck and pattern. 31. Which of the following shows the difference of Escargot from other hopscotches? A. It needs more space. B. It doesn’t need a puck. C. It is a snail from France. D. It isn’t a pattern but a line. 32. What is the passage mainly talking about? A. The successful winners in the hopscotch. B. The history and development of hopscotch. C. The rules of different versions of hopscotch. D. The popularity of hopscotch all over the world. (C) Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking(懈怠的), you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance(不满). But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different. In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin. The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation(愤慨), it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. 33. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ___________. A. making a conclusion B. justifying an assumption C. explaining a phenomenon D. making a comparison 34. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph 1) implies that __________. A. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals B. feeling angry about unfairness is also monkeys’ nature C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions 35 Dr. Brosnan and Dr. De Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys _________. A. prefer grapes to cucumbers B. can be taught to exchange things C. will not be co-operation if feeling cheated D. are unhappy when separated from others 36. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions. B Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source. C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do. D. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Exoplanets (外行星): The Hunt Is On Today scientists believe that planets could outnumber the stars. For centuries, scientists and natural philosophers have proposed that stars in the night sky have planetary systems similar to our own solar system. The existence of extrasolar planets, or exoplanets, has long been discussed. ___37___ Although not the first exoplanet discovery, a planet near a sun-like star was discovered by astronomers in 1995. This kicked off an era of exoplanet hunting, with thousands of discoveries and confirmations following in its wake. ___38___ However, in 2015 NASA’s Kepler space telescope found its first Earth-sized planet in a “habitable” zone. This is the distance from a star where surface temperatures of a planet wouldn’t be too hot or too cold for liquid water. So far, only a small slice of our galaxy, the Milky Way, has been explored. Even so, scientists have confirmed over 3,500 exoplanets, with more being added every day. To detect exoplanets, scientists use data from a variety of sources. Large ground-based telescopes, earth-circling and sun-circling satellites all collect different types of information. Because exoplanets are so far away and very close to stars, it is very difficult to see them directly. ___39___ For example, when an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small drop in the star’s brightness. Measuring this drop is the transit (凌日) method of discovery. NASA’S Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets this way. As a planet circles a star, it pulls on it and causes it to shake. ___40___ Measuring these slight changes is the radial velocity (径向速度) method of discovering planets. It is one of the most productive methods for finding and confirming exoplanets. These are just two examples of the many methods scientists use in their hunt for exoplanets, hoping for more information and enhanced detail. As time progresses and technology improves, who knows what else we may find! A. Scientists use indirect methods to discover exoplanets. B. Most exoplanets are very different from the ones in our solar system. C. As the star moves unsteadily, it changes the wavelength of the light we see. D. Astronomers have detected signals indicating the presence of a planet. E. However, we have developed the technology to prove their existence only in the last few decades. F. Direct detection of the visible light from giant planets in space is becoming increasingly possible. Ⅲ. Productive Grammar(1*10=10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Measure Your Stress with Fitness Trackers Not sure if it’s time for stress management? Check your watch. Toxic stress, caused by pandemic, ___41___ (fuel) a wave of new stress management trackers. Offered in health monitoring devices by companies such as Fitbit, WHOOP, and others, they aim to make users more informed of stress and learn tools for handling it. These trackers collect information on metrics such as heart rate, skin temperature, and sleep quality ___42___ cutting-edge sensors in smart watches, wristbands, and rings. They also continuously assess heart rate variability, or HRV, ___43___ is the balance between the body’s systems for ramping up to a challenge and slowing down to rest. Some, such as Google’s Fitbit, ___44___ (measure) electrical changes in certain sweat glands (腺体) that respond to stress and emotional arousal. This invisible “electrodermal” sweat “contains extra information about stress ___45___ HRV,” says Hugo Posada-Quintero, biomedical engineering professor at the University of Connecticut, “which can also be a measure of emotional responses.” When ___46___ (combine), these metrics reveal psychological stress—like chronic worrying or work aggravation—that damages health and ___47___ otherwise escape our awareness. This so-called “unrecognized stress” is common in people with busy lifestyles. The trackers show ___48___ other stressors, like exercise, are beneficial in the right amounts.___49___ some physical responses to exercise resemble unhealthy stress, the trackers may distinguish good stress from bad. If you’re moving your body in specified ways, they can determine that your fast pulse is from road running, not road rage. ___50___ (quantify) your habits and experiences can encourage behavior changes for stress management. If you eat a large, sugary meal before bed, for example, your stress numbers go up the digestive overload increases heart rate. The sensors will further detect how the late meal disrupts sleep. Ⅳ. Summary Writing(10分) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. We Need to Take Meditation More Seriously as Medicine A new review study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Internal Medicine, suggests that the ancient Eastern practice of mindful meditation can offer real help for patients with depression, anxiety, and pain. Dr. Madhav Goyal is the lead author of the recent JAMA study. He reviewed 47 clinical trials involving more than 3500 participants with mild anxiety or depression, and found that those who practiced mindful meditation saw a 5-10%improvement in anxiety symptoms and a 10-20% reduction in depressive symptoms. What’s most striking about the JAMA findings is that people weren’t meditating for very long. Many in the reviewed studies meditated for as little as 2. 5 hours per week for two months. As Dr. Goyal points out, because meditation is a skill that’s learned over time, it’s unlikely that the respondents reached a high level in a short time. So according to him, it’s reasonable to think that people would experience even greater benefits with more rigorous training and practice. Unfortunately though, it’s precisely those realities of meditation — that it is a state you can teach yourself to achieve and improve with discipline — that might weaken its validity (有效性) with physicians and patients. For example, professor Mark K. Blum, a Buddhist Studies expert at the University of California, Berkeley, believes some medical professionals may doubt the value of meditation because our culture has shifted so heavily in favor of quantitative measurement. “Medical doctors are practicing a form of science, and therefore expect to see scientific measurement,” Blum explains. “But how do you measure meditation?” In Dr. Goyal’s view, critics of meditation have a misunderstanding of what science is. It has nothing to do with molecules or drugs, he says. Rather, medical science is a “systematic exploration of what is not known”, whatever that may be — and areas like meditation desperately need more exploration, and the funding to do it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation(3+3+4+5=15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 在毕业典礼上，李华向和他一起同甘共苦的老师们表达了由衷的感激。（show）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 53. 为什么不试试说出困扰你的事情，很有可能一个微小的举动会带来更放松的心态。(chance)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 54. 拥有平衡的生活，有时间和朋友社交，甚至向治疗师求助，是拥有获得内心平静的关键。(key)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 55. 意识到他的自负和无能已经带来了严重后果，这位外科医生显然忐忑不安，他额头上的汗水正是焦虑的迹象。(stomach;使用独立主格结构)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ Ⅵ. Guided Writing(25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是明启中学高二学生李华，本学期学校计划组织全年级学生去多个外地中学研学(study tour)。现就两种组织方案征求学生意见。一是以班级为单位，学校随机决定研学地点;二是由学生各自申请想去的中学，学校根据各处报名人数统筹安排。请写一封信给校长谈谈你的看法，信件内容需包括： 1)你选择哪个方案; 2)你选择该方案的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期 高二年级英语期末考试卷 (考试时间：105分钟;满分：115分) I. Vocabulary(1*10=10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A. exported B. dumping C. equity D. driven E. bumping F. share G. unfounded H. simply I. projected J. obsessed K. supposedly Taking a Wrong Turn The word “overcapacity” has recently gained attention after US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen claimed that China has caused “overcapacity” in the new energy sector, including electric vehicles(EVs) and lithium batteries (锂电池). ___1___ put, “overcapacity”, in Yellen’s words, refers to producing too many goods, which could lead to global price distortions and affect businesses and workers in other countries. However, this viewpoint is ___2___ and lacks evidence. Contrary to concerns about “overcapacity”, global production in the new energy sector is actually at “undercapacity” — production is insufficient to meet demand. Data from the International Energy Agency showed that global demand for new energy vehicles(NEVs)is ___3___ to reach 45 million units by 2030, 4.5 times the 2022 levels. The idea that China has ___4___ new energy products at low prices is also incorrect. Chinese NEVs are sold at higher prices overseas than in China, and despite this, their sales continue to grow rapidly. Even the US magazine The Atlantic admitted, “Chinese electric vehicles are cheap, stylish, and high quality… Instead, the White House is going out of its way to keep Chinese EVs out of the US.” These observations indicate that the pricing and sales of new energy products are___5___ by international market supply and demand, rather than being only affected by the so-called “overcapacity” caused by China. Moreover, China’s over 60 percent ___6___ of the global power battery market comes from its focus on technological innovation and high-quality production, not low-cost ___7___. “The purpose of technological innovation has never been to widen global differences,” Zeng Yuqun, founder and CEO of CATL, a leading company in new energy innovative technologies, told 21st Century Business Herald. “For China’s power batteries, technological innovation has ___8___ progress; green development has sustained growth, and technological ___9___ is the goal,” Zeng added. While China focuses on innovation and quality, the US is ____10____ with a “100-percent Made in America” goal. The Biden administration plans to subsidize (补贴) US businesses and promote the use of domestic materials to achieve this goal. 【答案】1. H 2. G 3. K 4. A 5. D 6. F 7. B 8. I 9. E 10. J 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。讲述了美国财政部长珍妮特·耶伦声称中国造成了包括电动汽车和锂电池在内的新能源领域的“产能过剩”。针对这一问题，作者从全球新能源产品市场经济、全球动力电池技术以及技术创新的目的等方面阐述了“产能过剩”这一论点的毫无根据可言。 【1题详解】 考查副词。句意：简单地说，用耶伦的话来说，“产能过剩”是指生产过多的商品，这可能导致全球价格扭曲，并影响其他国家的企业和工人。分析句子可知，空格处需要副词充当状语修饰动词put，表示的意思是“简单地”，simply符合句意。故选H项。 【2题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，这种观点是没有根据的，也缺乏证据。分析句子可知，空格处为表语，根据后文的lacks evidence，可知此处缺少的意思是“毫无根据的”，unfounded符合句意。故选G项。 【3题详解】 考查副词。句意：国际能源署的数据显示，到2030年，全球对新能源汽车的需求预计将达到4500万辆，是2022年水平的4.5倍。根据后文“reach 45 million units by 2030, 4.5 times the 2022 levels”可知，这是一种预测，空格处缺少的意思是“据推测”，supposedly符合句意。故选K项。 【4题详解】 考查动词。句意：认为中国以低价出口新能源产品的观点也是不正确的。根据后文“Chinese NEVs are sold at higher prices overseas than in China”可知，空格处表示的意思是“出口”，exported符合句意。故选A项。 【5题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些观察结果表明，新能源产品的定价和销售是由国际市场供求驱动的，而不仅仅受到所谓的中国“产能过剩”的影响。根据常识可知，市场决定了产品的价格和销售。结合句意及后文“affected by(受……影响)”可知，空格处需要的意思是“驱动，驱使”，driven符合句意。故选D项。 6题详解】 考查名词。句意：此外，中国在全球动力电池市场超过60%的份额来自于其对技术创新和高质量生产的关注，而不是低成本倾销。根据“the global power battery market”可知，空格处为“份额”，share符合句意。故选F项。 【7题详解】 考查动名词。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处的意思是“倾销”，dumping符合句意。故选B项。 【8题详解】 考查动词。句意：“对于中国的动力电池来说，技术创新预示着进步；绿色发展持续增长，技术进步是我们的目标，”Zeng说。分析句子可知，空格处为句子谓语部分，需要的意思是“预示着，预计”， projected符合句意。故选I项。 【9题详解】 考查动名词。句意同上题。根据上文“green development has sustained growth”可知，我们的目标是技术进步，bumping“颠簸行进”符合句意。故选E项。 【10题详解】 考查动词。句意：当中国专注于创新和质量时，美国却痴迷于“100%美国制造”的目标。根据下文“The Biden administration plans to subsidize (补贴) US businesses and promote the use of domestic materials to achieve this goal.”可知，美国痴迷于“100%美国制造”的目标，be obsessed with“痴迷于”，obsessed符合句意。故选J项。 Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension(1*15+2*15=45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. You don’t have to be alone to feel lonely— anyone who has experienced a fallout with friends or has to endure an awkward social gathering will ___11___. A recent Wall Street Journal column teaches us how to ___12___ loneliness. “Loneliness is not just about whether there are others around you. It’s about whether the ones around you are those you can ___13___,” says John T. Cacioppo, director of the Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience at the University of Chicago. Cacioppo explains that men and women are equally as likely to experience loneliness, but the kinds of social interaction they may be ___14___ are different. Women generally ___15___ for face-to-face social interactions, whereas men are looking for a sense of connection and ___16___ within a group. Quoting therapists, The Wall Street Journal column points out that loneliness in its most unhealthy form is a distorted way of thinking. It often has an emotional ___17___. Big changes in life, such as a breakup or a move to another city or country can be the cause of loneliness. But ___18___ things such as attending a wedding alone or quarreling with a sibling or a friend can also make us feel lonely. The column also gives advice on how to stop being alone from ___19___ into feeling lonely. You can start by ____20____ that you are the one who tells yourself that you feel lonely. You are creating the bad experience of loneliness by how you are thinking and behaving. You should acknowledge ____21____ thoughts and then try to think differently. How to achieve this? Change the mental story you ____22____ yourself. Remember that there are people who care about you, ____23____ they may just be busy at the moment. Try to enjoy the moments you have ____24____. Do things you enjoy doing alone, like reading or listening to music. If you are single and live by yourself, you can ____25____ a gym or a volunteering group to be around other people. 11. A. agree B. bother C. protest D. perceive 12. A. put up with B. turn to C. call on D. fight back 13. A. tolerate B. trust C. predict D. inspire 14. A. excluding B. applying C. missing D. attaching 15. A. account B. make C. long D. constitute 16. A. belonging B. relaxation C. vision D. dominant 17. A. gesture B. response C. touch D. trigger 18. A. small B. vital C. ultimate D. panicky 19. A. sealing B. sliding C. surfing D. stuffing 20. A. anticipating B. recognizing C. informing D. identifying 21 A. positive B. passive C. active D. negative 22. A. read B. find C. tell D. learn 23. A. when B. but C. so D. or 24. A. by yourself B. to yourself C. on yourself D. of yourself 25. A. register B. join C. serve D. admit 【答案】11. A 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. B 21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了孤独感的本质和应对方法，指出孤独并非取决于周围是否有人陪伴，而是与周围人是否能建立情感联系有关。文章还提供了应对孤独感的建议，如改变思维方式、享受独处时光、参与社交活动等。 【11题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：并不是一定要一个人才能感到孤独——任何经历过与朋友争吵或不得不忍受尴尬社交聚会的人都会同意这一观点。A. agree同意；B. bother烦扰；C. protest抗议；D. perceive认为。前文“You don’t have to be alone to feel lonely”提出观点：并不是一定要一个人才能感到孤独，即与其它人在一起时也会有孤独感。下文“experienced a fallout with friends or has to endure an awkward social gathering”紧接着列举了两种与他们一起也会感到孤独的情况：经历过与朋友争吵或不得不忍受尴尬社交聚会。经历过这两种情况的人都会赞同前文观点。故选A项。 【12题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：最近，《华尔街日报》的一篇专栏文章教会了我们如何对抗孤独。A. put up with忍受；B. turn to转向；C. call on号召；D. fight back对抗。根据下文“The column also gives advice on how to stop being alone from 9  into feeling lonely.”和“Try to enjoy the moments you have 14  . Do things you enjoy doing alone, like reading or listening to music.”可知，《华尔街日报》的专栏文章是教我们如何孤独孤独。故选D项。 【13题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：孤独不仅仅取决于你周围是否有人。更重要的是，你周围的人是否是你能信任的人。A. tolerate容忍；B. trust信任；C. predict预测；D. inspire激励。根据第四段中“Big changes in life, such as a breakup or a move to another city or country can be the cause of loneliness. But 8  things such as attending a wedding alone or quarreling with a sibling or a friend can also make us feel lonely.”可知，分手、搬到另一个城市或国家、独自参加婚礼、与兄弟姐妹或朋友争吵都可能导致孤独，而这些行为的一个共同点是人际关系疏远，身边没有可以信任的人，孤独取决于周围是否有能信任的人。故选B项。 【14题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Cacioppo解释说，男性和女性经历孤独的可能性是相同的，但他们可能应用的社交互动方式是不同的。A. excluding排除；B. applying运用，应用；C. missing缺失；D. attaching附上。根据下文“Women generally 6  for face-to-face social interactions, whereas men are looking for a sense of connection”，男性和女性使用不同的社交互动方式，女性喜欢面对面的互动，而男性则寻求一种联系。故选B项。 【15题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：女性通常渴望面对面的社交互动，而男性则寻求一种群体内的联系感和归属感。A. account认为是；B. make制作；C. long渴望；D. constitute构成。根据上文“different”和下文“whereas men are looking for”可知，男性和女性使用不同的社交互动方式，女性渴望(long for)面对面的互动，与男性寻求(look for)一种联系相对应。故选C项。 【16题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：女性通常渴望面对面的社交互动，而男性则寻求一种群体内的联系感和归属感。A. belonging归属感；B. relaxation放松；C. vision视野；D. dominant统治。根据上文“a sense of connection”和下文“within a group”可推知，男性则寻求的是一种联系和群体内的归属感。故选A项。 【17题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它通常有一个情感触发点。A. gesture手势；B. response回应；C. touch触摸；D. trigger触发点。根据下文“Big changes in life, such as a breakup or a move to another city or country can be the cause of loneliness.”可知，生活中的重大变化，比如分手或搬到另一个城市或国家，都可能导致孤独，它们是导致孤独的情感的触发点。故选D项。 【18题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但小事，比如一个人参加婚礼，或者和兄弟姐妹或朋友吵架，也会让我们感到孤独。A. small小的；B. vital至关重要的；C. ultimate最终的；D. panicky恐慌的。与前文“Big changes in life”相照应，“things such as attending a wedding alone or quarreling with a sibling or a friend”相对来说是小事。故选A项。 【19题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：该专栏文章还就如何阻止从独处不知不觉地陷入孤独给出了建议。A. sealing密封；B. sliding不知不觉地陷入；C. surfing冲浪；D. stuffing填塞。从“being alone”到“feeling lonely”是一种情绪上的变化，从独处不知不觉地陷入孤独。故选B项。 【20题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可以从承认是你告诉自己你感到孤独开始。A. anticipating预期；B. recognizing承认；C. informing通知；D. identifying识别。根据下文“you are the one who tells yourself that you feel lonely”可知，是我们自己说自己很孤独，我们要先承认这一事实。故选B项。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你应该承认这些消极的想法，然后试着换一种思考方式。A. positive积极的；B. passive被动的；C. active积极的；D. negative消极的。根据上文“You are creating the bad experience of loneliness by how you are thinking and behaving.”和下文“then try to think differently”可知，我们要承认这自己给强加自己的消极想法，我们需要换一种思考方式。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：改变你告诉自己的内心故事。A. read阅读；B. find发现；C. tell告诉；D. learn学习。根据上文“You can start by 10  that you are the one who tells yourself that you feel lonely. You are creating the bad experience of loneliness by how you are thinking and behaving.”可知，感到孤独是我们自己对自己的暗示，现在需要换一种思考方式，改变我们自己告诉自己的内心故事。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：记住，有人关心你，只是他们现在可能很忙。A. when当……时候；B. but但是；C. so因此；D. or或者。根据上文“there are people who care about you”和下文“they may just be busy at the moment.”可知，有人关心我们，但他们现在可能很忙，前后句构成转折关系。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：试着享受你独处的时光。A. by yourself独自地；B. to yourself自言自语地；C. on yourself依靠你自己；D. of yourself你自己的。根据下文“Do things you enjoy doing alone, like reading or listening to music.”可知，建议享受独处的时光。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你单身且独居，你可以加入健身房或志愿者团体，和其他人在一起。A. register注册；B. join加入；C. serve服务；D. admit承认。根据下文“a gym”和“to be around other people”可知，加入健身房就可以和其他人在一起。故选B项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. (A) The train was speeding onward and the plains of Texas were pouring eastward. A newly married pair had boarded this coach at San Antonio. The man’s face was reddened from many days in the wind and sun, and a direct result of his new black clothes was that from time to time he looked down respectfully at his clothes. He sat with a hand on each knee, like a man waiting in a barber’s shop. The glace she devoted to other passengers were shy. The bride was not pretty. She wore a dress of blue cashmere. She continually twisted her head to regard her puff sleeves. They embarrassed her. The blushes （脸红）caused by the careless glances of some passengers as she had entered the car were strange to see. They were evidently very happy. “Ever been in a parlor-car （特等火车）before?” he asked, smiling with delight. “No,” she answered; “I never was. It’s fine，ain’t it?” “Great! And then after a while we’ll go forward to the dinner. Fresh meal in the world. Charge a dollar. ” “Oh, do they?” cried the bride. “Charge a dollar? Why，that’s too much — for us — ain’t it, Jack?” Later he explained to her about the trains. “You see, if s a thousand miles from one end of Texas to the other; and this runs right across it, and never stops but four times.” He had the pride of an owner. He pointed out to her the dazzling fittings of the coach; and in truth her eyes opened wider and she watched the sea-green velvet（丝绒人）, the shining bronze，silver, and glass, the wood that glowed as darkly brilliant as the surface of a pool of oil. At one end a bronze statue held a support for a separated room, and on the ceiling were frescos（壁画）in olive and silver. To the minds of the pair, their surroundings reflected the glory of their marriage that morning in San Antonio: this was the environment of their new estate; and the man’s face in particular shone with an elation （得意）that made him appear ridiculous to the Negro porter. This porter at times surveyed them with an amused and superior grin. On other occasions he bullied them with skill in ways that did not make it easy to them that they were being bullied. He oppressed them. But of this oppression they had small knowledge, and infrequently, a number of travelers covered them with stares of derisive （嘲讽的）enjoyment. At last they went to the dining-car. Two rows of Negro waiters, in glowing white suits, surveyed their entrance with the interest. The pair fell to the seats of a waiter who happened to feel pleasure in steering them through their meal. He viewed them with the manner of a fatherly guide, his face radiant with kindness. The service, coupled with the ordinary deference（毕恭毕敬），was rare to them. And yet, as they returned to their coach, they showed in their faces a sense of escape. 26. The description of the couple's clothes and behaviour seems to indicate that they had a sense of ____. A. superiority B. awkwardness C. despair D. satisfaction 27. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The interior of the coach was luxurious and modem. B. The Negro porter was very helpful to the couple. C. It was the first time for the couple to take a train in Texas. D. Some passengers on the train took the couple as an object of fun. 28. What does the underlined word “surveyed” mean in the 8th paragraph? A. monitored B. observed C. searched D. investigated 29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The waiter was indifferent to the couple. B. The couple felt uneasy at dinner. C. The service was satisfactory. D. The couple enjoyed the dinner. 【答案】26. B 27. D 28. B 29. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一对新婚夫妇在圣安东尼奥乘车前往得克萨斯州的过程中受到嘲笑的故事。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句“ They embarrassed her.”可知，这对夫妇当时感到很尴尬，由此可知，对这对夫妇衣着和行为的描写表明他们有一种尴尬的感觉，故答案为C。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“ a number of travelers covered them with stares of derisive （嘲讽的）enjoyment.”可知，一些乘客把这对夫妇当作嘲讽的对象，故答案为D。 【28题详解】 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“the man’s face in particular shone with an elation （得意）that made him appear ridiculous to the Negro porter.”可知，尤其是那人的脸上洋溢着喜悦的神情，使他在黑人看门人看来显得滑稽可笑，这说明他引起了看门人的注意，自然要仔细打量他们，由此可知画线词词义为“观察、打量”，故答案为B。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ they showed in their faces a sense of escape.”可知，这对夫妇有种想逃的感觉，由此可知他们感到很不舒服，故答案为B。 【点睛】词义猜测题的难度较大，抓住画线词上下文对人物动作、表情及心理活动的描写是关键，例如本篇第3题，根据画线词前的“the man’s face in particular shone with an elation （得意）that made him appear ridiculous to the Negro porter.”可知，尤其是那人的脸上洋溢着喜悦的神情，使他在黑人看门人看来显得滑稽可笑，这说明他的表情引起了看门人的注意，所以看门人自然要仔细打量他们，由此可知画线词词义为“观察、打量”。 (B) Hopping Around the World Hopscotch is a very old game. It usually uses a puck, such as a stone, and a pattern that players hop through. Here are different versions to play. Scotch-Hoppers Children in England and Scotland play this game with a stone or a coin. Throw the stone into Box 1. Hop over Box 1 and through the pattern. On the way back, hop into Box 1, pick up the stone, and hop out. Then, toss the puck into Box 2, and so on. If your stone enters the wrong box, start over! The first player to throw the stone into each box and hop through the whole pattern wins. Escargot Escargot is the French word for “snail.” For this game, the pattern looks like a snail. No puck is used. Players hop through the pattern on one foot. You may rest in the center on both feet. After resting, hop back through the pattern and out. If you finish the pattern without stepping on a line, write your name in a space. No other player may land in that space. At the end, the player who owns the most spaces wins. La Thunkuna Children play this game in Bolivia, a country in South America. The puck is a stone or the peel from an orange. Instead of writing a number in each square, players write each day of the week. Throw the puck into the first box. Hop over it into the second box. Next, kick the puck backwards and out of the pattern. Then, hop out. On your next turn, throw the puck into the next space, and so on. The first player to hop all the way through wins. Gat Fei Gei In this Chinese version of hopscotch, the puck is a piece of roof tile. At the top is the pig’s head. Toss the puck into the pig’s head and hop through the pattern. When you reach boxes 7 and 8, spin around and pick up the puck from behind. If you hop through the pattern without making a mistake, pick a box and write your name in it. No one else can land in that box! The player who owns the most boxes wins. 30. What are the two common things used in hopscotch? A. Coin and pin. B. Box and chair. C. Snail and space. D. Puck and pattern. 31. Which of the following shows the difference of Escargot from other hopscotches? A. It needs more space. B. It doesn’t need a puck. C. It is a snail from France. D. It isn’t a pattern but a line. 32. What is the passage mainly talking about? A. The successful winners in the hopscotch. B. The history and development of hopscotch. C. The rules of different versions of hopscotch. D. The popularity of hopscotch all over the world. 【答案】30. D 31. B 32. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界各地不同版本的跳房子。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hopscotch is a very old game. It usually uses a puck, such as a stone, and a pattern that players hop through(跳房子游戏是一种非常古老的游戏。它通常使用一个冰球，比如一块石头，以及一个让玩家跳跃的图案。)”可知，跳房子游戏中最常用的两种东西是冰球和图案。故选D。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据Scotch-Hoppers部分中的“Children in England and Scotland play this game with a stone or a coin. (英格兰和苏格兰的孩子们用石头或硬币玩这个游戏。)”，Escargot部分中的“No puck is used.(不使用冰球)”，La Thunkuna部分中的“The puck is a stone or the peel from an orange(冰球是一块石头或橙子皮)”和Gat Fei Gei部分中的“In this Chinese version of hopscotch, the puck is a piece of roof tile. (在这个中国版的跳房子游戏中，冰球是一块屋顶瓦片)”可知，Escargot 与其他跳房子的不同之处在于它不需要冰球。故选B。 【32题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是标题“Hopping Around the World(世界各地的跳房子)”和第一段“Hopscotch is a very old game. It usually uses a puck, such as a stone, and a pattern that players hop through. Here are different versions to play.(跳房子游戏是一种非常古老的游戏。它通常使用一个冰球，比如一块石头，以及一个让玩家跳跃的图案。这里有不同的版本。)”可知，文章主要介绍了世界上不同版本跳房子游戏的规则。故选C。 (C) Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking(懈怠的), you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance(不满). But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different. In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin. The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation(愤慨), it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. 33. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ___________. A. making a conclusion B. justifying an assumption C. explaining a phenomenon D. making a comparison 34. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph 1) implies that __________. A. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals B. feeling angry about unfairness is also monkeys’ nature C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions 35. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. De Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys _________. A. prefer grapes to cucumbers B. can be taught to exchange things C. will not be co-operation if feeling cheated D. are unhappy when separated from others 36. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions. B. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source. C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do. D. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild. 【答案】33. D 34. B 35. C 36. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由佐治亚州亚特兰大埃里莫大学的Sarah Brosnan和Frans de Waal对雌性卷尾猴进行的一项研究，它们像人类女性一样，更倾向于关注“商品和服务”的价值。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Such behaviour is regarded as ‘all too human,’ with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance(不满). But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.(这种行为被认为是‘太人类化’，其言下之意就是动物是不可能产生这种微妙的不满。但是美国佐治亚州亚特兰大市Emory大学Sarah Brosnan和Frans de Waal最近在《自然》上发表了一项研究，这项研究认为猴子也有类似的‘太猴子化’的行为)”可知，第一段提到人会因为不公平而愤怒，推导动物会不会呢？有人认为不会，但是科学研究表明猴子同样会，下文就猴子也会因不公平而愤怒展开，所以本段是通过作比较引入主题。故选D项。 【34题详解】 句意理解题。根据第一段中“Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking(懈怠的), you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as ‘all too human,’(事实上，如果他还有偷懒的名声，那么你甚至有可能会勃然大怒。这种行为被认为是‘太人类化’)”及第一段末尾的“as well(也)”可知，人会因不公平而感到愤怒，“it is all too monkey(太猴子化)”意思是猴子和人一样，痛恨不公平也是猴子的本性，故选B项。 【35题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.(这种合作只有在每一只猴子都感觉它没有被欺骗的情况下才可能保持稳定)”可知，该研究发现，如果猴子感觉被欺骗，就不会合作。故选C项。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.(然而，到底这样的公平意识是人类和卷尾猴各自形成的，还是因为二者在3500万年前有一个共同的祖先造成的，目前还没有答案)”可知，人类的义愤起源不确定，故选B项。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Exoplanets (外行星): The Hunt Is On Today scientists believe that planets could outnumber the stars. For centuries, scientists and natural philosophers have proposed that stars in the night sky have planetary systems similar to our own solar system. The existence of extrasolar planets, or exoplanets, has long been discussed. ___37___ Although not the first exoplanet discovery, a planet near a sun-like star was discovered by astronomers in 1995. This kicked off an era of exoplanet hunting, with thousands of discoveries and confirmations following in its wake. ___38___ However, in 2015 NASA’s Kepler space telescope found its first Earth-sized planet in a “habitable” zone. This is the distance from a star where surface temperatures of a planet wouldn’t be too hot or too cold for liquid water. So far, only a small slice of our galaxy, the Milky Way, has been explored. Even so, scientists have confirmed over 3,500 exoplanets, with more being added every day. To detect exoplanets, scientists use data from a variety of sources. Large ground-based telescopes, earth-circling and sun-circling satellites all collect different types of information. Because exoplanets are so far away and very close to stars, it is very difficult to see them directly. ___39___ For example, when an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small drop in the star’s brightness. Measuring this drop is the transit (凌日) method of discovery. NASA’S Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets this way. As a planet circles a star, it pulls on it and causes it to shake. ___40___ Measuring these slight changes is the radial velocity (径向速度) method of discovering planets. It is one of the most productive methods for finding and confirming exoplanets. These are just two examples of the many methods scientists use in their hunt for exoplanets, hoping for more information and enhanced detail. As time progresses and technology improves, who knows what else we may find! A. Scientists use indirect methods to discover exoplanets. B. Most exoplanets are very different from the ones in our solar system. C. As the star moves unsteadily, it changes the wavelength of the light we see. D. Astronomers have detected signals indicating the presence of a planet. E. However, we have developed the technology to prove their existence only in the last few decades. F. Direct detection of the visible light from giant planets in space is becoming increasingly possible. 【答案】37. E 38. B 39. A 40. C 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要介绍了科学家探索系外行星系统的历程。 【37题详解】 上文“The existence of extrasolar planets, or exoplanets, has long been discussed.”（太阳系外行星或者系外行星的存在已经被讨论了很久）与E. However, we have developed the technology to prove their existence only in the last few decades.(然而，只有在过去的几十年中，我们才发展技术来证明它们的存在。)承接自然，上下文构成明显的转折关系，选项中的 only in the last few decades对应上文的has long been discussed，此外existence是关键词。故选E。 【38题详解】 根据下文“However, in 2015 NASA’s Kepler space telescope found its first Earth-sized planet in a “habitable” zone. ”（然而，2015年美国航天总局的开普勒太空望远镜在一个“宜居”区域发现了第一颗地球大小的行星）可推知，大多数系外行星和太阳系的行星不同。B. Most exoplanets are very different from the ones in our solar system.（大多数的系外行星和我们太阳系的行星不同。）符合语境，上下文构成明显的转折关系，most对应下文的fisrt。故选B。 【39题详解】 根据下文“For example, when an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small drop in the star’s brightness. Measuring this drop is the transit (凌日) method of discovery. NASA’S Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets this way.”（例如，当一颗系外行星在它的恒星和我们之间移动时，会导致恒星的亮度稍微下降。测量这种下降就是凌日发现法。美国航天总局的开普勒太空望远镜就是通过这种方法发现了很多系外行星。）可推知，科学家用间接方法去发现系外行星。A. Scientists use indirect methods to discover exoplanets.（科学家用间接方法去发现系外行星）符合语境。故选A。 【40题详解】 前文“As a planet circles a star, it pulls on it and causes it to shake.”（当行星绕着恒星转动时，它会拉动恒星并使其震动）与C. As the star moves unsteadily, it changes the wavelength of the light we see.（当恒星移动不稳定时，它会改变我们看到的光的波长）承接自然，选项陈述了恒星被行星拉动时产生的结果，star是关键词。故选C。 【点睛】 Ⅲ. Productive Grammar(1*10=10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Measure Your Stress with Fitness Trackers Not sure if it’s time for stress management? Check your watch. Toxic stress, caused by pandemic, ___41___ (fuel) a wave of new stress management trackers. Offered in health monitoring devices by companies such as Fitbit, WHOOP, and others, they aim to make users more informed of stress and learn tools for handling it. These trackers collect information on metrics such as heart rate, skin temperature, and sleep quality ___42___ cutting-edge sensors in smart watches, wristbands, and rings. They also continuously assess heart rate variability, or HRV, ___43___ is the balance between the body’s systems for ramping up to a challenge and slowing down to rest. Some, such as Google’s Fitbit, ___44___ (measure) electrical changes in certain sweat glands (腺体) that respond to stress and emotional arousal. This invisible “electrodermal” sweat “contains extra information about stress ___45___ HRV,” says Hugo Posada-Quintero, biomedical engineering professor at the University of Connecticut, “which can also be a measure of emotional responses.” When ___46___ (combine), these metrics reveal psychological stress—like chronic worrying or work aggravation—that damages health and ___47___ otherwise escape our awareness. This so-called “unrecognized stress” is common in people with busy lifestyles. The trackers show ___48___ other stressors, like exercise, are beneficial in the right amounts.___49___ some physical responses to exercise resemble unhealthy stress, the trackers may distinguish good stress from bad. If you’re moving your body in specified ways, they can determine that your fast pulse is from road running, not road rage. ___50___ (quantify) your habits and experiences can encourage behavior changes for stress management. If you eat a large, sugary meal before bed, for example, your stress numbers go up the digestive overload increases heart rate. The sensors will further detect how the late meal disrupts sleep. 【答案】41. has fueled 42. with 43. which 44. measure 45. beyond 46. combined 47. may##might 48. that 49. Although##Though##While 50. Quantifying 【解析】 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章主要介绍了健身追踪器如何帮助用户监测和管理压力，通过介绍其工作原理、测量的生理指标以及如何通过数据鼓励用户采取减压措施，展现了科技产品在健康管理领域的应用。 【41题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：由疫情引发的有毒压力，推动了一波新的压力管理追踪器的出现。fuel“推动，加强，刺激”。句子描述的是过去到现在的一个持续影响，所以时态使用现在完成时，主语Toxic stress为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has fueled。 【42题详解】 考查介词。句意：这些追踪器利用智能手表、腕带和戒指中的尖端传感器收集心率、皮肤温度和睡眠质量等指标的信息。本空用介词with“利用”，表示使用某种工具或手段。故填with。 【43题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他们还持续评估心率变异性，即HRV，这是身体系统在迎接挑战和减速休息之间的平衡。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是HRV，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【44题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：一些追踪器，如Google的Fitbit，测量某些对压力和情绪唤醒有反应的汗腺的电变化。measure“测量”。本句描述一般事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为Some，故谓语用动词原形。故填measure。 【45题详解】 考查介词。句意：这种看不见的“皮肤电”汗液，康涅狄格大学生物医学工程教授雨果·波萨达-金特罗说：“包含了心率变异之外的额外压力信息，这也可以作为情绪反应的衡量标准。”本空用介词beyond“超出”，表示超出HRV之外还有额外的信息。故填beyond。 【46题详解】 考查状语从句省略。句意：当这些指标结合在一起时，它们揭示了损害健康的心理压力，比如长期的忧虑或工作加剧的压力，这些压力可能逃过我们的意识。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中When引导的时间状语从句完整句子为When these metrics are_____ (combine)，these metrics与combine“（使）结合”为被动关系，用are combined，作谓语，省略these metrics are，保留过去分词。故填combined。 【47题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：当这些指标结合在一起时，它们揭示了损害健康的心理压力，比如长期的忧虑或工作加剧的压力，这些压力可能逃过我们的意识。本空用情态动词may或minght“可能”，表示这种压力有可能逃过我们的注意。故填may或might。 【48题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：追踪器显示其他压力源，如锻炼，在适量的情况下是有益的。本空引导宾语从句，作show的宾语，从句中不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故填that。 【49题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管某些锻炼引起的生理反应类似于不健康的应激反应，但追踪器可以区分好压力和坏压力。前后句意存在转折关系，应用although/though/while“虽然”引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 【50题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：量化你的习惯和经历可以鼓励你改变管理压力的行为。本句谓语为can encourage，此处为非谓语动词，本空用quantify“量化”的动名词，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Quantifying。 Ⅳ. Summary Writing(10分) 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. We Need to Take Meditation More Seriously as Medicine A new review study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Internal Medicine, suggests that the ancient Eastern practice of mindful meditation can offer real help for patients with depression, anxiety, and pain. Dr. Madhav Goyal is the lead author of the recent JAMA study. He reviewed 47 clinical trials involving more than 3500 participants with mild anxiety or depression, and found that those who practiced mindful meditation saw a 5-10%improvement in anxiety symptoms and a 10-20% reduction in depressive symptoms. What’s most striking about the JAMA findings is that people weren’t meditating for very long. Many in the reviewed studies meditated for as little as 2. 5 hours per week for two months. As Dr. Goyal points out, because meditation is a skill that’s learned over time, it’s unlikely that the respondents reached a high level in a short time. So according to him, it’s reasonable to think that people would experience even greater benefits with more rigorous training and practice. Unfortunately though, it’s precisely those realities of meditation — that it is a state you can teach yourself to achieve and improve with discipline — that might weaken its validity (有效性) with physicians and patients. For example, professor Mark K. Blum, a Buddhist Studies expert at the University of California, Berkeley, believes some medical professionals may doubt the value of meditation because our culture has shifted so heavily in favor of quantitative measurement. “Medical doctors are practicing a form of science, and therefore expect to see scientific measurement,” Blum explains. “But how do you measure meditation?” In Dr. Goyal’s view, critics of meditation have a misunderstanding of what science is. It has nothing to do with molecules or drugs, he says. Rather, medical science is a “systematic exploration of what is not known”, whatever that may be — and areas like meditation desperately need more exploration, and the funding to do it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A new study found that meditation can help ease people’s anxiety and depression and that people can benefit more if they practice meditating for longer. Though some medical professionals still don’t believe in the effect of meditation because it can’t be measured, Dr. Goyal, the lead author of the study, thinks it is worth exploring. 【解析】 【导语】本文的体裁是说明文。一项新的研究发现，冥想可以帮助缓解人们的焦虑和抑郁，如果人们练习冥想的时间更长，他们会受益更多。尽管一些医学专业人士仍然不相信冥想的效果，因为它无法测量，但该研究的第一作者戈亚尔博士认为，这值得探索。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①A new review study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Internal Medicine, suggests that the ancient Eastern practice of mindful meditation can offer real help for patients with depression, anxiety, and pain. ②What’s most striking about the JAMA findings is that people weren’t meditating for very long. Many in the reviewed studies meditated for as little as 2. 5 hours per week for two months. ③For example, professor Mark K. Blum, a Buddhist Studies expert at the University of California, Berkeley, believes some medical professionals may doubt the value of meditation because our culture has shifted so heavily in favor of quantitative measurement.  ④In Dr. Goyal’s view, critics of meditation have a misunderstanding of what science is. Rather, medical science is a “systematic exploration of what is not known”, whatever that may be—and areas like meditation desperately need more exploration, and the funding to do it. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将3、4两个要点进行整合，将总结性语句放在文章最后。 3. 遣词造句 A new study found that meditation can help ease people’s anxiety and depression and that people can benefit more if they practice meditating for longer. Some medical professionals still don’t believe in the effect of meditation because it can’t be measured. Dr. Goyal thinks areas like meditation are worth more exploration。 【点睛】【高分句型1】A new study found that meditation can help ease people’s anxiety and depression and that people can benefit more if they practice meditating for longer. 运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第一、二、三段进行了概括。其中that引导了宾语从句、if引导的条件状语从句，表达非常高级。 【高分句型2】Though some medical professionals still don’t believe in the effect of meditation because it can’t be measured, Dr. Goyal, the lead author of the study, thinks it is worth exploring.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第四、五段进行了概括。其中Though引导的让步状语从句、because引导的原因状语从句，表达非常高级。 V. Translation(3+3+4+5=15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 在毕业典礼上，李华向和他一起同甘共苦的老师们表达了由衷的感激。（show）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】At the graduation ceremony, Li Hua showed his heartfelt gratitude to the teachers who shared weal and woe with him. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语、动词、时态和定语从句。“在毕业典礼上”作时间状语，用介词短语at the graduation ceremony表示，主语“李华”用Li Hua，谓语“表达”用动词show，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态showed，宾语“由衷的感激”用名词短语heartfelt gratitude，“向……表达感激”为show one’s gratitude to，“和他一起同甘共苦的老师们”译为the teachers who shared weal and woe with him，其中关系代词who引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词the teachers，从句中动宾短语share weal and woe意为“同甘共苦”。综上，全句译为：At the graduation ceremony, Li Hua showed his heartfelt gratitude to the teachers who shared weal and woe with him. 53. 为什么不试试说出困扰你的事情，很有可能一个微小的举动会带来更放松的心态。(chance)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Why not try to talk about what bothers you? There’s a good chance that a small action can lead to a more relaxed mindset. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型。表示“为什么不”句型为why not do sth.；表示“试试做某事”为try to do sth.；表示“说出”即“谈论”为talk about；“困扰你的事情”即“使你困扰的事情”，使用what引导宾语从句，“困扰”bother，从句描述现在的一般情况，使用一般现在时，what在从句中作主语，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式bothers，后接宾语“你”you；表示“很有可能”句型为There’s a good chance that...；从句主语“一个微小的举动”为a small action；表示“带来”为lead to，情态动词can后跟动词原形形式，从句宾语“更放松的心态”为a more relaxed mindset。故翻译为Why not try to talk about what bothers you? There’s a good chance that a small action can lead to a more relaxed mindset. 54. 拥有平衡的生活，有时间和朋友社交，甚至向治疗师求助，是拥有获得内心平静的关键。(key)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Having a balanced life having time to socialize with friends, and even reaching out to a therapist, is the key to having inner peace. 【解析】 【详解】考查动名词，形容词，时态，主谓一致，名词。根据汉语意思可知，句子的主语为“拥有平衡的生活，有时间和朋友社交，甚至向治疗师求助”，所以用动名词作主语；表示“拥有”用have；“平衡的”为balanced；“生活”为life；“有时间”为have time；“与……社交”为socialize with sb.，宾语为friends；表示“甚至”用even，表示“向……伸出援助之手”为reach out；“治疗师”为therapist。所以主语部分为Having a balanced life, having time to socialize with friends, and even reaching out to a therapist。动名词作主语谓语动词用单数，本句中为描述事实，所以用一般现在时，所以be动词用is；表示“关键”用key；“……的关键”用the key to；“内心的”为inner；“和平”为peace。故答案为Having a balanced life, having time to socialize with friends, and even reaching out to a therapist, is the key to having inner peace. 55. 意识到他的自负和无能已经带来了严重后果，这位外科医生显然忐忑不安，他额头上的汗水正是焦虑的迹象。(stomach;使用独立主格结构)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Realizing that his conceit and incompetence had brought serious consequences, the surgeon obviously had a queasy feeling in his stomach, the sweat on his forehead signing anxiety. 【解析】 【详解】考查独立主格结构和时态。主语“这位外科医生”the surgeon，“忐忑不安”使用动词短语have a queasy feeling in his stomach，句子描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式had作句子谓语，“显然”使用副词obviously作状语，修饰动词had，“他额头上的汗水”the sweat on his forehead，“正是焦虑的迹象”即“示意他的焦虑”，译为sign anxiety，sign与逻辑主语sweat之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式表示主动，构成独立主格结构，“意识到”realize，与逻辑主语the surgeon之间是主动关系，使用现在分词形式作状语，后接that引导的宾语从句，从句主语“他的自负和无能”his conceit and incompetence，“带来”bring，结合语意可知，“带来严重后果”这一动作发生在“忐忑不安”之前，为“过去的过去”，所以从句应用过去完成时，即had brought，后接宾语“严重后果”serious consequence，consequence为可数名词，应用其复数形式表示泛指。故翻译为Realizing that his conceit and incompetence had brought serious consequences, the surgeon obviously had a queasy feeling in his stomach, the sweat on his forehead signing anxiety. Ⅵ. Guided Writing(25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是明启中学高二学生李华，本学期学校计划组织全年级学生去多个外地中学研学(study tour)。现就两种组织方案征求学生意见。一是以班级为单位，学校随机决定研学地点;二是由学生各自申请想去的中学，学校根据各处报名人数统筹安排。请写一封信给校长谈谈你的看法，信件内容需包括： 1)你选择哪个方案; 2)你选择该方案的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear principal, I’m Li Hua, a senior high 2 student of our school. I’m glad to learn that the school plan to organize all the students of our grade to go to many out-of-town schools for a study tour this term. As for the two organizational projects proposed by the school, I suggest that students apply for the schools they want to go to and that our school make overall arrangements according to the number of applicants. The reasons why I choose this project are as follows. First of all, allowing students to choose schools by themselves can help stimulate their enthusiasm and increase their desire to study. Secondly, students can learn the knowledge and relevant information of the school they want to go to in advance so as to make full preparation for the study. Last but not least, our school can make various arrangements ahead of time according to the number of students applying to ensure the smooth progress of study tour. If you could take my advice into account, I would appreciate it. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就本学期学校计划组织全年级学生去多个外地中学研学事宜，对学校提出的两种组织方案，提出自己的意见和建议，表明自己选择哪种方案，并说明理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累： 计划：plan→project 建议：suggest→propose 激励、激发：stimulate→inspire 提前：in advance→ahead of time 考虑：take...into account→consider 2. 句式拓展： 同义句转换： 原句：Secondly, students can learn the knowledge and relevant information of the school they want to go to in advance so as to make full preparation for the study. 拓展句：Secondly, students can learn the knowledge and relevant information of the school they want to go to in advance in order that they can make full preparation for the study. 【点睛】【高分句型1】As for the two organizational projects proposed by the school, I suggest that students apply for the schools they want to go to and that our school make overall arrangements according to the number of applicants.（运用了两个以连接词that引导的并列宾语从句和虚拟语气。） 【高分句型2】The reasons why I choose this project are as follows.（运用了以关系副词why引导的定语从句。） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$