Unit 5 Working the Land 课文知识点导学案-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Unit 5 Working the land Part One Text One A pioneer for all people Yuan Longping, known as “ the father of hybrid rice”, was one of China’s most famous scientists. Yet, he considered himself a farmer because he continually worked the land in his research. Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life. Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longping realized that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had. How this could be done was a challenging question at the time. Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. The common assumption then was that it could be done. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly. Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year.①Yuan’s innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam. Because of his invaluable contribution, Yuan Longping received numerous awards both in China and abroad. ②Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure. However, this is far from the case. Deep down, Yuan was still very much a farmer at heart. As a man of the soil, he cared little for celebrity or money. Instead, he made large donations to support agricultural research. What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams. Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum, with each year of rice as big as a broom, and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. He succeeded in producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad. His later vision for “ seawater rice” also became a reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production. Even in his later years, Yuan Longping was still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone was always excited to see what he would dream up next. 知识点链接 ① Yuan’s innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam. not just…but…as well (not only… but (also)… 不仅…而且… 1）not only…but (also)…连接两个分句时，若not only位于句首表示强调，not only所在的分句要用部分倒装，but (also) 后面的分句不倒装 [例] Not only does singing help increase your lung capacity, but it helps stimulate circulation. 2）not only…but (also)…连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数要遵循“就近一致” [例] Not only the teacher but also the students were deeply moved by the story. ② Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure. given that… 考虑到…，鉴于…（considering that…） [例] Given that they’re inexperienced, they’ve done a good job. 注意：given 1）prep. 考虑到，鉴于 2）adj. 制定的，特定的（常作前置定语） [例] They were to meet at a given time and place. Part One Text Two Chemical versus organic farming Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilizers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health. For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time. This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer. In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment. As for chemical fertilizers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. They may look beautiful on the seaside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavor as well. As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turn to organic food when they shop at the local grocery. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means. For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertilizer. This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals. It also keeps the air, soil, water, and crops free of chemicals. Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil. They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops. Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. For example, peanuts grow on the ground’s surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots. The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health. Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely.①What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world. Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need. Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible. 知识点链接 ① What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world. 同位语从句 1）可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news, belief, evidence, proof, idea, fact, promise, question, doubt, thought, hope, message, suggestion, word, possiblity等 [例] He asked me the question whether the work was worth doing. 2）同位语从句的连接词有： 从属连词：that, whether 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which 连接副词：why, when, where, how等 [例] I have no idea which wine is best. It’s a matter of personal taste. 3）分离同位语从句，有时同位语从句和它所说明的名词被谓语分开 [例] The story goes that two friends are walking through the desert. 拓展：that引导同位语从句和定语从句区别 1）that引导同位语从句时，对前面的名词作进一步解释说明，that只起连接作用，不作成分，没有意义，通常不能省略 2）that引导定语从句时，修饰限定先行词，that指代先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，有时可用which代替，作宾语时可用省略 Part Two Key Word 1. hybrid n. 杂交植（动）物；合成物；混合动力车 2. devote 1）vt. 献身，专心，致力 _______________ 献身于/致力于（做）某事 _______________ 把某人的时间/精力/注意力…用到（做）某事上 [拓展] 同根词 _______________ adj. 挚爱的，忠诚的，全心全意的 _______________ 深爱/忠于…；致力于… _______________ n. 奉献，忠诚；关爱 3. devote…to 把…用于；献身；致力；专心 4. shortage n. 缺少；短缺；不足 5. tackle vt. 解决（难题）；应付（局面）；处理 6. crisis n. 危机；危急关头 7. boost vt. 使增长；使兴旺 n. 增长；提高；激励 8. yield n. 产量；产出 vt. 出产（作物）；产生（收益）vi. 屈服；让步 9. convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服 _______________ 使某人相信某事 _______________ 使某人相信… _______________ 说服某人做某事 _______________ [拓展] 同根词 _______________ adj. 令人信服的 _______________ adj. 确信的；深信的；坚信的 _______________ 确信…；相信… 10. characteristic n. 特征；特点；品质 adj. 典型的；独特的 11. attain vt.（通常指经过努力）获得；得到 _______________ 实现目标 _______________ 达到…状态 [拓展] 同根词 _______________ n. 达到；获得 _______________ adj. 可获得的 12. conventional adj. 传统的；习惯的 13. pollinate vt. 授粉；传粉 14. assumption n. 假定；设定；（责任的）承担；（权利的）获得 _______________ 对…做出假设 _______________ 假定…；假设… [拓展] 同根词 _______________ vt. 假定，认为；承担（责任） _______________ 普遍/通常认为… _______________ 假定…是…，认为…是… _______________ conj. 假如，假设 _______________ 假定… 15. intense adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 16. overcome vt. 克服；解决；战胜 _______________ 被…（某种情绪）控制，受到…的极大影响 17. expand vt. & vi. 扩大；增加 vt. 扩展；发展（业务） _______________ 把…扩展成… _______________ 扩大称为… _______________ 充分叙述；详细阐明 18. output n. 产量；输出；输出量 vt. 输出 19. estimate 1）vt. 估计；估价；估算 _______________ 估算某物为… _______________ …被估计为… _______________ 据估计… 2）n. 估计；估算 [拓展] 同根词 _______________ n.（对水平、数量等的）估计 _______________ v. & n. 低估 _______________ v. & n. 高估 20. domestic adj. 国内的；本国的；家用的；家庭的 21. consumption n. 消耗；消耗量；消费 22. comprise vt. 包括；包含；由…组成 [拓展] 近义词 _______________ 组成，构成 _______________ 由…组成/构成 23. be comprised of 包括；包含；由…组成 24. generate vt. 产生；引起 25. strain n.（动、植物的）系；品种；拉伤；压力 26. leisure n. 闲暇；空闲；休闲 27. deep down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上 28. soil n. 泥土；土壤；国土；领土 29. celebrity n. 名望；名誉；名人；名流 30. envision vt. 展望；想象 31. sorghum n. 高粱；高粱米 32. broom n. 扫把；扫帚；金雀花 33. grain n. 谷物；谷粒；颗粒 34. vision n. 想象；视力；视野；影像 35. reality n. 现实；实际情况；事实 _______________ 事实上，实际上 _______________ 脱离现实 _______________ 使…成为现实 _______________ 使…回到现实 [拓展1] 近义词 ______________ [拓展2] 同根词 _______________ adj. 真的；真正的，真实的 _______________ adj. 现实的，实事求是的 _______________ adv. 真正地，真实地；事实上 _______________ 不完全是（表示不太强烈的否定） _______________ v. 实现 _______________ 实现某人的梦想 36. salty adj. 含盐的；咸的 37. urban adj. 城市的；都市的；城镇的 38. bomb n. 炸弹 vt. 轰炸；对…投炸弹 39. tunnel n. 地下通道；地道；隧道 40. extension n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机 41. chemical adj. 与化学有关的；化学的 n. 化学制品；化学品 42. wheat n. 小麦；小麦籽 43. flavour n. 味道；特点；特色 44. fertilizer n. 肥料 45. nutritional adj. 营养的 46. nutritious adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的 47. nutrition n. 营养 48. alleviate vt. 减轻；缓解 49. poverty n. 贫困；贫穷 50. organic adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的 51. pesticide n. 杀虫剂；除害药物 52. widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 53. bacterium n. 细菌 54. in turn 相应地；转而；依此；轮流 [拓展] turn _______________ 轮流做某事 _______________ 轮到某人做某事 _______________ 轮流地，交替地 _______________ 好转/恶化 55. digest vt. & vi. 消化 vt. 领会；领悟 n. 摘要；文摘 56. essential 1）adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的 _______________ 对…来说极其重要 _______________（对某人来说）做某事很重要 _______________ …做某事很有必要 2）n. 必不可少地东西，必需品；要点 57. mineral n. 矿物；矿物质 58. alternative 1）n. 可供选择的事物 _______________ …的替代品 _______________ 除了做某事之外别无选择 2）adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 59. grocery n. 食品杂货店；食品杂货 60. instance n. 例子；实例；事例 61. for instance 例如；比如 62. depth n. 深度 63. root n. 根 64. entirely adv. 完全地；全部地 65. aspect n. 方面；层面 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$