精品解析：广东省广州市荔湾区2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题

2023学年第二学期期末教学质量检测 高二英语 本试卷共10页，满分130分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题卡第1面和第3面上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写学校、班级、姓名、试室号和座位号，将自己的条形码粘贴在答题卡的“条形码粘贴处”。 2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。 3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。 4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第I卷（满分65分） 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Discover the Wonders of Tide Pools! Moon Cove's rocky shorelines are filled with colorful marine life waiting to be discovered This is the perfect family-friendly adventure to connect with nature, learn about coastal ecosystems and have fun! What to expect ·Our experienced marine biologists will lead you through the tide pools, pointing out fascinating creatures and their unique adaptations. ·Get up close and personal with sea stars, anemones, crabs, and more! Learn how to gently handle and observe these amazing animals ·Interactive activities and informative talks about marine conservation and the importance of protecting our oceans. ·Capture (捕捉) the beauty of the tide pools with tips from our pool-side nature photography experts Event Highlights ·Family-Friendly: Suitable for all ages. Children under 12 must be accompanied by an adult. ·Eco-Friendly: Learn how to explore responsibly without disturbing the natural habitat. Fill the tin with ocean water, use your net to collect animals, and gently place them in the tin. When you finish, carefully release the contents of the tin back to the water, close to where they were found. ·Free Souvenirs: Take home educational materials and a special tide pool explorer certificate! Safety ·Choose a calm, shallow area to gather items from the water. ·Choose a dry, non-slippery area for children to walk on. ·Discuss water safety and the dangers of unpredictable ocean waves ·Bring life jackets if necessary. How to Register Limited spots available! Reserve your spot today! Register online at: www. mooncovetidepools. com Call us at: (123) 456-7891 1. What is special about the Moon Cove? A. Family can camp on the shoreline. B. Experts can create a new ecosystem. C. Tourists can appreciate colourful rocks. D. Children can explore the wildlife there. 2. What can participants do in the tide pool exploration? A. Bring the caught fish home. B. Go on tours led by photographers. C. Touch small ocean animals. D. Give talks about ocean protection. 3. Which of the following should be done first before the adventure? A. Book the desired spot. B. Release the fish to the pool. C. Buy life jackets in advance. D. Prepare educational materials 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Moon Cove的潮汐池探险活动，其中包括活动特色、预期体验、活动亮点、安全指南以及如何注册等信息。 1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Discover the Wonders of Tide Pools! Moon Cove's rocky shorelines are filled with colorful marine life waiting to be discovered This is the perfect family-friendly adventure to connect with nature, learn about coastal ecosystems and have fun!(发现潮汐池的奇迹！Moon Cove的岩石海岸线上充满了五颜六色的海洋生物，等待着被发现。这是最完美的家庭友好型冒险，可以与大自然接触，了解沿海生态系统，享受乐趣)”可知，Moon Cove的特别之处在于孩子们可以在这里探索野生动物。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据“What to expect”部分“Get up close and personal with sea stars, anemones, crabs, and more! Learn how to gently handle and observe these amazing animals(与海星、海葵、螃蟹等亲密接触！学习如何温柔地处理和观察这些神奇的动物)”可知，参与者在潮汐池探险中可以触摸小型海洋动物。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据“How to Register”部分“Limited spots available! Reserve your spot today!(名额有限！今天就预订您的位置吧！)”可知，在探险之前应该先预订理想的位置。故选A项。 B When I was in middle school, my mom confirmed that I was, indeed, a baked good. “Children are like bread,” she explained one night at the kitchen table. “You choose the ingredients when they’re young and shape them as the dough rises. But once they’re in the oven, it’s out of your hands. ” “You’re already in the oven,” she said, “It’s all you now.” Growing up, I was always involved in Mom’s baking kitchen, especially on our monthly Baking Days. I would help with party treats. But my most important job was to pay attention and absorb her every word. The kitchen was part of my homeschooling. “Always roast nuts before adding them to the batter (面糊) .” “This is how I learned from my grandmother, Natalie.” “Remember, you’re in charge, not the tools.” Years later, after I moved out for college. Baking Days became rare. But her bread metaphor became a touchstone for me, a reminder of why some habits feel unchangeable. But I also wrestle with her theory, wondering if I can still change and evolve. Have I not fundamentally changed since I was a girl at her elbow, measuring flour? “Don’t worry,” she once said, “you can always add a little egg wash later.” Now, at 35, I realized her bread metaphor was about her parenting philosophy. She poured her stories, pain, strength, and joy into me, her only child, folding each piece with care. She gave me the freedom to rise and take shape, trusting her work and letting go. Tonight, we sit at her kitchen table, drinking tea and eating her homemade cookies. I tell her about my week, the projects I’m working on, the meals I’m creating, the friends I have gathered. She holds a cookie mid-bite, looking at me with pride and admiration. She sees the adult I’ve become, shaped with the ingredients she lovingly provided. 4. What does the mother mean by saying “You’re already in the oven.”? A. You are as hot as a baking bread. B. You are mature enough to fly alone. C. You are already a baking master. D. You are bound to change yourself. 5. Why were the monthly Baking Days meaningful? A. They were a way for the author to learn new recipes. B. They were a chance for the mother to teach life lessons. C. They were an occasion for the family to try new desserts. D. They were the only time the author got to listen to her mother. 6. Which statement shows the mother’s metaphor change over time? A. “You can always add a little egg wash later.” B. “Remember, you’re in charge, not the tools.” C. “This is how I learned from my grandmother.” D. “Always roast nuts before adding them to the batter.” 7. What is the best title for the passage? A. Kitchen Memories B. The Art of Bread Making C. The Story of Dough D. Mother’s Baking Philosophy 【答案】4. B 5. B 6. A 7. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者通过与母亲一起烘焙的经历，学习到了母亲独特的育儿哲学，这种哲学不仅关乎烘焙，更关乎如何面对生活，如何成长为一个独立而完整的人。母亲通过烘焙的比喻，教会了作者关于成长、独立和自我完善的深刻道理。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的““Children are like bread,” she explained one night at the kitchen table. “You choose the ingredients when they’re young and shape them as the dough rises. But once they’re in the oven, it’s out of your hands. ”(“孩子就像面包，”一天晚上，她在餐桌旁解释道。“你在原料年轻的时候就选择它们，并随着面团的发酵而成型。但一旦它们进入烤箱，你就无法控制了。”)”以及第二段的““You’re already in the oven,” she said, “It’s all you now.”(“你已经在烤箱里了，”她说，“现在全是你了。”)”可推知，在文章中，母亲用烘焙面包的比喻来形容孩子的成长过程。当她说“你已经在烤箱里了”，意味着孩子已经长大到一定程度，可以独立面对生活，不再需要父母像小时候那样直接的指导和塑造，这是成熟和独立的象征。故选B。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的“I would help with party treats. But my most important job was to pay attention and absorb her every word. The kitchen was part of my homeschooling.(我会帮你办派对。但我最重要的工作是关注和吸收她的每一句话。厨房是我在家上学的一部分)”以及最后一段的“She sees the adult I’ve become, shaped with the ingredients she lovingly provided.(她看到我变成了成年人，用她精心提供的原料塑造了我)”可知，每月的烘焙日不仅仅是学习烘焙技巧的日子，更是母亲传授生活智慧和价值观的机会。在这些日子，作者不仅学会了烘焙，更重要的是从母亲那里学到了如何做人、如何面对生活的态度和方法。故选B。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“But I also wrestle with her theory, wondering if I can still change and evolve. Have I not fundamentally changed since I was a girl at her elbow, measuring flour? “Don’t worry,” she once said, “you can always add a little egg wash later.”(但我也在与她的理论作斗争，想知道我是否还能改变和发展。当我还是一个女孩的时候，我就在她身边量面粉，难道我没有从根本上改变吗？“别担心，”她曾说，“你可以稍后再加一点蛋清。”)”可推知，母亲最初的比喻是关于烘焙面包的，但随着时间的推移，这个比喻被赋予了更深层的含义。当她说到“你总可以在之后添加一点蛋液”，这暗示着即使孩子已经“进入烤箱”，即开始独立生活，但仍然有机会做出调整，改善自我，体现了母亲对成长和变化持开放态度的育儿哲学。故选A。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。整篇文章围绕母亲通过烘焙传授给女儿的生活哲学展开，从烘焙的比喻到人生的指导，母亲的烘焙哲学成为了连接母女情感、传递智慧的桥梁，因此“母亲的烘焙哲学”是最贴切的标题。故选D。 C Scientists already knew African gray parrots are particularly clever, with large brains and exceptional problem-solving skills. But they wondered if these birds, separated from great apes by some 300 million years of evolution, also possess advanced social abilities, like helping one another. Corvids, another group of so-called “intelligent” birds that includes crows, have so far failed to demonstrate this ability, according to Desiree Brucks, a Swiss biologist. “Parrots had not been tested yet,” says Brucks. “So it remained an open question whether or not the ability to help each other actively may have evolved (进化) within birds.” Brucks and his colleague placed many paired combinations of eight African grays into glass enclosures (围栏), with a hole cut in a dividing wall that allowed the two birds to interact. The scientists then trained the parrots to trade coins to a person through another hole in exchange for nuts. When one parrot had all the coins, it would assist its coinless partner by gifting some of them through the dividing wall. The parrots tended to give more coins to friends and family, but would also help parrots they had never met. Importantly, the parrots didn’t help when their partner was blocked from accessing the experimenter, suggesting they could recognize when their assistance was needed, or even useful. This behavior, detailed in their study, published this week in the journal Current Biology, is possibly a consequence of evolving in giant, moving groups where an altruistic reputation is important. Katherine Cronin, a zoologist in Chicago, approves the study for ruling out simple playfulness as an explanation for passing the coins. “We can be pretty confident that the African gray parrots are considering the benefits available to their partners,” Cronin says. She points out the research adds to growing evidence of selflessness across the animal kingdom—and reminds us it is not unique to humans. 8. What is the study mainly about? A. The living habits of African gray parrots. B. The social abilities of African gray parrots. C. The problem-solving skills of African gray parrots. D. The comparison between African gray parrots and crows. 9. How did the researchers test the parrots’ ability to help each other? A. By setting up the parrots enclosures. B. By observing parrots work in groups. C. By creating a situation for parrots to share coins. D. By assessing the parrots’ intelligence separately. 10. What does the underlined word “altruistic” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Selfless. B. Impressive. C. Fearless. D. Professional. 11 Where is this article most likely taken from? A. A nature guidebook. B. A pet care magazine. C. A scientific journal. D. A bird-watching newsletter. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项针对非洲灰鹦鹉的社交能力的研究，实验显示，这种鹦鹉能够互相帮助，通过赠送硬币来协助同伴获取坚果，且不仅限于亲友，还包括陌生鹦鹉。这进一步证实了动物王国中的利他行为，表明这种行为并非人类独有。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But they wondered if these birds, separated from great apes by some 300 million years of evolution, also possess advanced social abilities, like helping one another. (但他们想知道，这些在大约3亿年的进化过程中从类人猿中分离出来的鸟类，是否也拥有高级的社交能力，比如互相帮助)”可知，这项研究主要是探究非洲灰鹦鹉的社交能力。故选B项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Brucks and his colleague placed many paired combinations of eight African grays into glass enclosures (围栏), with a hole cut in a dividing wall that allowed the two birds to interact. The scientists then trained the parrots to trade coins to a person through another hole in exchange for nuts. (Brucks和他同事将八只非洲灰鸟的配对成许多组合，放入玻璃围栏中，在分隔墙上开一个洞，让两只鸟互动。然后，科学家们训练鹦鹉通过另一个洞向一个人交换硬币，以换取坚果)”可知，研究人员通过创造一个让鹦鹉分享硬币的环境来测试鹦鹉互相帮助的能力。故选C项。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文““We can be pretty confident that the African gray parrots are considering the benefits available to their partners,” Cronin says. She points out the research adds to growing evidence of selflessness across the animal kingdom—and reminds us it is not unique to humans. (Cronin说：“我们可以很有信心地说，非洲灰鹦鹉正在考虑为它们的伴侣提供好处。”她指出，这项研究为动物王国的无私行为提供了越来越多的证据，并提醒我们，这并非人类所独有)”可知，非洲灰鹦鹉会为伴侣考虑，能够提供无私的帮助。由此推知，在迁移类群体中利他的名誉很重要，可以帮助它们生存，由此它们进化出利他的行为，画线词应该是“利他的，无私的”，与Selfless意思一致。故选A项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中““Parrots had not been tested yet,” says Brucks. “So it remained an open question whether or not the ability to help each other actively may have evolved (进化) within birds.” (Brucks说：“鹦鹉还没有被测试过，因此，鸟类相互帮助的能力是否已经进化出来，这仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。”)”可知，文章介绍了Brucks开展的针对非洲灰鹦鹉的社交能力的研究，主要包括研究目的、实验方法、实验结果、结果分析及研究意义的内容。结合选项可知，文章最有可能出自科学期刊。A. 一本自然指南；B. 一本宠物护理杂志；D. 一份观鸟通讯。故选C项。 D Scientists are working on new technology that may aid art historians in answering the question: Masterpiece or masterful imitation (仿制品)? Art historians, are often asked to authenticate (鉴定) art with their knowledge of the subject and science and technology. The materials used in the painting are often analyzed and X-rayed. Now, art historians may have another technological tool to help their process. Scientists have developed a new authentication technique that analyzes and sorts out paintings based on a digital analysis of the artist’s style. The digital authentication technique takes scans of art work that have already been authenticated as being from a master artist. From these scans, it creates a statistical model of the artist's work: a baseline. New paintings can be compared to the baseline to find consistencies and inconsistencies in an artist’s work. The images of the two paintings reveal what the human eye could not see. When the analysis recognizes this difference, the fakes are found out. In an experiment, the model automatically grouped together the eight authenticated works, separating them from five imitations. However, some art historians held some different views on the new technique. “It’s an interesting idea. But I think a much larger sample of work has to be tested,” said Nadine Oberstein, head of an art museum in New York. If the technology turns out to be accurate, she added, it could be used to add to the expertise of scholars. Most importantly, Hany Farid, a computer scientist says, “such a method could be used to determine whether more than one person or hand was involved in creating a painting”. Using his model, Farid studied the faces of six individual characters in the painting Madonna with Child. Three of the faces proved to be statistically similar, while the three other faces were all different. This indicates that at least four hands contributed to the painting. “If further studies prove convincingly that this computer program effectively distinguishes between different artistic hands, it will lead to a whole new era in the study of the workshop practice of artists.” said Farid. 12. Why are scientists developing the new technique? A. To create digital copies of famous paintings. B. To improve the process of art authentication. C. To make displays more interactive for visitors. D. To replace art historians in authenticating works. 13. How does the digital authentication technique work? A. By analyzing materials. B. By identifying style patterns. C. By X-raying a baseline. D. By comparing to a statistical model. 14. What is Nadine’s attitude towards the new technique? A. Enthusiastic. B. Indifferent. C. Doubtful. D. Optimistic. 15. What can the new technique tell about a painting? A. The painter of the masterpiece. B. The materials used in the painting. C. The time period in which the painting was created. D. The number of painters involved in creating the painting. 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明，文章主要介绍帮助艺术史学家鉴定画作真伪的数字认证技术。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Art historians, are often asked to authenticate (鉴定) art with their knowledge of the subject and science and technology.(艺术史学家经常被要求用他们的学科知识和科学技术来鉴定艺术)”和“Now, art historians may have another technological tool to help their process. Scientists have developed a new authentication technique that analyzes and sorts out paintings based on a digital analysis of the artist’s style.(现在，艺术史学家可能有另一种技术工具来帮助他们的研究。科学家们开发了一种新的鉴定技术，可以根据对艺术家风格的数字分析来分析和整理画作)”可知，科学家们正在开发新技术来改进艺术品鉴定的过程。故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“New paintings can be compared to the baseline to find consistencies and inconsistencies in an artist’s work. The images of the two paintings reveal what the human eye could not see. When the analysis recognizes this difference, the fakes are found out.(新画可以与基线进行比较，以发现艺术家作品中的一致性和不一致性。这两幅画的图像揭示了人眼无法看到的东西。当分析识别出这种差异时，赝品就被发现了)”可知，数字认证技术通过将作品与基线进行比较来识别赝品。故选D。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“It’s an interesting idea. But I think a much larger sample of work has to be tested(这是一个有趣的想法。但我认为，需要测试的作品样本要大得多)”可推知，Nadine对新技术持怀疑态度。故选C。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Most importantly, Hany Farid, a computer scientist says, ‘such a method could be used to determine whether more than one person or hand was involved in creating a painting’.(最重要的是，计算机科学家Hany Farid说，‘这种方法可以用来确定是否有不止一个人或一只手参与了一幅画的创作’)”可知，新技术可以确定参与创作的人数，故选D。 第二节 七选五（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分。） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The hot summer sun has many of us heading outdoors to do summer sports. For some, the warm weather makes us feel like kicking a ball around. ___16___ Whatever your reasons for doing more sport this summer, make sure you’re doing it safely to prevent injuries. Know your limits Before following a recipe, you need to check you have all the equipment and ingredients ___17___ Before getting started, people with health issues should consult a doctor to ensure their fitness for physical activity. Once you do start exercising, it's important to continue to pay attention to your body and its limits. Ease into it If you’re unfit, you may wish to consider starting with low intensity exercises such as cycling or swimming to get your body used to moving. You should ease yourself into it. If you normally play soccer twice a week and suddenly you increase to five times per week, you are exhausting your muscles and joints. ___18___ Do strengthening and conditioning exercises The most important thing for preventing injuries is actually strengthening and doing conditioning exercises. Running marathons is not about just running. You need to have strong muscles to support your joints. ___19___ You’ll need to strengthen your legs and core muscles to allow you to go the distance. ___20___ You can stand on one leg and throw and catch a ball against the wall at home. Standing on one leg will improve your balance and multitasking will improve your coordination (协调性). A. So, don’t just go out and run. B. Picking up a new sport is no different. C. Check your muscles and joints regularly. D. For others, it’s a good choice to go for a hike. E. This can increase your chances of getting injured. F. This will keep your muscles from getting too tight. G. Balance and coordination are also very important. 【答案】16. D 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了在运动时防止受伤的一些建议。 【16题详解】 上文“For some, the warm weather makes us feel like kicking a ball around.(对一些人来说，温暖的天气让我们想要踢球)”提到，一些人在夏天想踢球，结合空后“Whatever your reasons for doing more sport this summer(无论你在这个夏天做更多运动的原因是什么)”可知，空处应是提及其他人夏天想做的运动，D项“对其他人来说，徒步旅行是一个不错的选择”符合语境，和上文构成“some…others…(一些人……其他人……)”的固定句式，故选D。 【17题详解】 根据空后“Before getting started, people with health issues should consult a doctor to ensure their fitness for physical activity.(在开始之前，有健康问题的人应该咨询医生，以确保他们适合体育活动)”可知，在运动之前要做健康检查，C项“定期检查你的肌肉和关节”符合语境，故选C。 【18题详解】 上文“If you normally play soccer twice a week and suddenly you increase to five times per week, you are exhausting your muscles and joints.(如果你通常一周踢两次足球，突然增加到每周五次，你的肌肉和关节就会疲惫不堪)”提到，突然增加运动次数会使肌肉和关节就会疲惫不堪，E项“这会增加你受伤的几率”承接上文，进一步说明危害，故选E。 【19题详解】 根据上文“Running marathons is not about just running. You need to have strong muscles to support your joints.(跑马拉松不仅仅是跑步。你需要强壮的肌肉来支撑你的关节)”和下文“You’ll need to strengthen your legs and core muscles to allow you to go the distance.(你需要加强你的腿部和核心肌肉，让你完成更长的距离)”可知，跑马拉松不仅仅是跑步，还需要强壮的肌肉，A项“所以，不要只是出去跑步”符合上下文文意，故选A。 【20题详解】 根据下文“You can stand on one leg and throw and catch a ball against the wall at home. Standing on one leg will improve your balance and multitasking will improve your coordination (协调性).(在家里，你可以单腿站立，靠墙投球和接球。单腿站立可以提高你的平衡能力，同时处理多项任务可以提高你的协调性)”可知，本段是关于平衡和协调性，G项“平衡和协调性也很重要”符合语境，故选G。 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分。） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 In the great Central Valley of California, the spring usually falls in November. But by the end of May, flowery plant is dead and ___21___ and crisp, as if every plant had been roasted in an oven. Then the heavily breathing flocks and herds are driven to the ___22___ , cool, green grasslands of the Sierra. As exploring the untouched beauty had always been my dream, I was longing for the mountains about this time, but money was ___23___ . While I was ___24___ thinking about the bread problem, Mr. Delaney, a sheep-owner, for whom I had worked a few weeks, ___25___ me. And he offered to ___26___ me to go with his shepherd (牧羊人) . The flock, he explained, would be ___27___ gradually higher, stopping for a few weeks at the best places. These I thought would be good centers for ___28___ from which I might be able to make many ___29___ trips to learn something of the plants, animals, and rocks. I judged, however, that I was in no way the right man for the job, and ____30____ explained my shortcomings. With bears, wolves, and confusing bushes, I ____31____ that half or more of his flock would be lost. Fortunately these shortcomings seemed ____32____ to Mr. Delaney. He assured me that the difficulties would disappear as we went on, ____33____ me further by saying that the shepherd would do all the herding. Therefore I ____34____ to go, though still fearing. A week later, supplies were ____35____ on two horses, and the flock headed for the hills. With everyone’s efforts, our journey began. 21. A. fresh B. dry C. hot D. sweet 22. A. high B. rocky C. huge D. poor 23. A. donated B. abundant C. lost D. tight 24. A. enviously B. calmly C. angrily D. anxiously 25. A. sent for B. wrote to C. called on D. knocked into 26. A. train B. engage C. remind D. appoint 27. A. moved B. walked C. pulled D. trapped 28. A. business B. entertainment C. observation D. communication 29. A. educational B. mysterious C. relaxing D. stressful 30. A. consistently B. easily C. accurately D. freely 31. A. hoped B. dreamed C. confirmed D. feared 32. A. unbelievable B. unexpected C. insignificant D. irregular 33. A. surprising B. encouraging C. disappointing D. challenging 34. A. decided B. regretted C. postponed D. hesitated 35. A. sold B. balanced C. packed D. stored 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位年轻人在资金紧张的情况下，接受了Delaney先生的邀请，成为了一名牧羊人的助手，尽管他担心自己无法胜任这份工作，但最终还是决定前往山区，开始了一段探索自然之美的旅程。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但到了五月底，有花的植物就死了，又干又脆，好像每棵植物都在烤箱里烤过一样。A. fresh新鲜的；B. dry干的；C. hot热的；D. sweet甜的。根据下文“as if every plant had been roasted in an oven. ”可知，每棵植物好像都在烤箱里烤过一样植物像被烤过一样，所以是又干又脆。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，呼吸沉重的牛群和羊群被驱赶到高处，凉爽、绿色的塞拉草地上。A. high高的；B. rocky多岩石的；C. huge巨大的；D. poor贫穷的。根据下文“I was longing for the mountains about this time”可知，羊群和牛群被赶到高山上。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直梦想着探索这片未被触及的美景，所以我渴望在这个时候去爬山，但手头很紧。A. donated捐赠的；B. abundant丰富的；C. lost丢失的；D. tight紧的。根据上文“I was longing for the mountains about this time”和下文的转折词“but”可知，作者虽然想爬山，但是手头很紧，此处“tight”指经济是紧张的。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我焦急地想着面包问题时，Delaney先生，一个我为他工作了几周的牧羊主，来找我。A. enviously嫉妒地；B. calmly冷静地；C. angrily生气地；D. anxiously焦急地。根据上文“As exploring the untouched beauty had always been my dream, I was longing for the mountains about this time, but money was ___3___.”可知，作者手头很紧，所以他焦急的思考如何解决经济问题。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我焦急地想着面包问题时，Delaney先生，一个我为他工作了几周的牧羊主，来找我。A. sent for派人去请；B. wrote to写信给；C. called on拜访；D. knocked into偶然碰见。根据下文“And he offered to ___6___ me to go with his shepherd (牧羊人) .”可知，Delaney先生主动来找作者，所以此处用“called on”表示“拜访”符合语境。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他提出要雇用我去和他的牧羊人一起工作。A. train训练；B. engage雇用；C. remind提醒；D. appoint任命。根据下文“I judged, however, that I was in no way the right man for the job, and ___10___ explained my shortcomings.”可知，德莱尼先生提出要雇用作者和他的牧羊人一起工作。故选B。 27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他解释说，羊群会逐渐往高处移动，在最好的地方停留几个星期。A. moved移动；B. walked走；C. pulled拉；D. trapped使陷入困境。根据上文“the flock，he explained”和下文“higher”可知，此处是指羊群会逐渐往高处移动。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想这些地方会是很好的观察中心，从这里我可以进行许多有教育意义的旅行，来了解一些植物、动物和岩石。A. business商业；B. entertainment娱乐；C. observation观察；D. communication交流。根据下文“from which I might be able to make many ___9___ trips to learn something of the plants, animals, and rocks.”可知，这些地方是作者进行观察的中心，他可以在这些地方观察植物，动物等。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想这些地方会是很好的观察中心，从这里我可以进行许多有教育意义的旅行，来了解一些植物、动物和岩石。A. educational有教育意义的；B. mysterious神秘的；C. relaxing令人放松的；D. stressful有压力的。根据下文“to learn something of the plants，animals，and rocks”可知，作者想要了解植物、动物和岩石，所以这些旅行是有教育意义的。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我认为我无论如何都不适合这份工作，并且坦率地解释了我的缺点。A. consistently一贯地；B. easily容易地；C. accurately准确地；D. freely坦率地。根据上文“I judged，however，that I was in no way the right man for the job”可知，作者认为自己不适合这份工作，所以坦率地解释自己了的缺点。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有熊、狼和杂草丛生，我担心他的一半或更多的羊群会丢失。A. hoped希望；B. dreamed梦想；C. confirmed确认；D. feared担心。根据上文“With bears，wolves，and confusing bushes”可知，因为有熊、狼和杂草丛生，所以作者担心羊群会丢失。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，Delaney先生似乎并不在意这些缺点。A. unbelievable难以置信的；B. unexpected意想不到的；C. insignificant无关紧要的；D. irregular不规则的。根据下文“He assured me that the difficulties would disappear as we went on”可知，Delaney先生并不在意作者的缺点，所以这些缺点对他来说是“无关紧要的”。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他向我保证，随着我们继续前进，困难会消失，他还进一步鼓励我说牧羊人会做所有的放牧工作。A. surprising使惊讶；B. encouraging鼓励；C. disappointing使失望；D. challenging挑战。根据上文“He assured me that the difficulties would disappear as we went on”和下文“saying that the shepherd would do all the herding”可知，Delaney先生是在鼓励作者，让他参与到这次的工作中。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，尽管仍然害怕，我还是决定去了。A. decided决定；B. regretted后悔；C. postponed推迟；D. hesitated犹豫。根据上文“Therefore”和下文“though still fearing”可知，尽管作者仍然害怕，但是还是决定去了。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一周后，两匹马上装满了补给，羊群朝着山出发了。在大家的努力下，我们的旅程开始了。A. sold卖；B. balanced平衡；C. packed打包；D. stored储存。根据下文“and the flock headed for the hills”可知，羊群要出发了，所以此处是指两匹马上装满了补给，也就是打包了必需品，准备出发。故选C 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分。） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hutongs, also known as alleys, are a key feature of Beijing’s traditional architecture and culture. Originally built during the Yuan Dynasty, hutongs ___36___ (design) to provide housing for the city’s growing population while also serving as a means of transportation and social interaction. Over the centuries, hutongs have witnessed countless ___37___ (dynasty) rise and fall, and yet they remain ___38___ (stand) . They show the toughness of this ancient city. Today, ___39___ large number of brand-new shops are added to the vigour of hutongs. Many stylish shops have popped up ___40___ the busy streets and traditional courtyard houses. In recent years, great contributions have been made to improve the life of people in hutongs. Old buildings have been repaired and upgraded. As a result, the living conditions in hutongs have greatly changed, with ___41___ (improve) water and electricity supply. Hutongs have always welcomed modernity as the time has changed. They are not just places for traditional elderly residents but also for the ___42___ (fashion) young generations. This is a perfect example of Beijing, a dynamic city that ___43___ (welcome) changes and innovations with open arms while proudly protecting its history and charm. ___44___ (true) , it's an ancient capital ___45___ the past meets the future. 【答案】36. were designed 37. dynasties 38. standing 39. a 40. among 41. improved 42. fashionable 43. welcomes 44. Truly 45. where 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了北京胡同。 【36题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：胡同最初建于元代，旨在为城市不断增长的人口提供住房，同时也是交通和社交的一种方式。主语hutongs和动词design之间是被动关系，且是描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，故填were designed。 【37题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：几个世纪以来，胡同见证了无数王朝的兴衰，但它们依然屹立不倒。dynasty是可数名词，由countless可知应用名词复数，故填dynasties。 【38题详解】 考查形容词。句意：同上。空处应填形容词作表语，standing“长期存在的，永久的”，形容词，故填standing。 【39题详解】 考查冠词。句意：今天，一大批崭新的商店为胡同增添了活力。a large number of“大量，许多”，固定短语，故填a。 【40题详解】 考查介词。句意：在繁忙街道和传统的四合院之中，涌现出许多时尚的商店。结合句意可知，此处指“在繁忙的街道和传统的四合院之中”，使用介词among“在……中，周围是”，故填among。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，胡同里的生活条件有了很大的改变，水和电的供应得到了改善。动词improve和被修饰词water and electricity supply之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作定语，故填improved。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它们不仅是传统的老年人居住的地方，也是时尚的年轻一代的地方。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词generations，故填fashionable。 【43题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这是一个完美的例子，北京是一个充满活力的城市，张开双臂欢迎变化和创新，同时自豪地保护自己的历史和魅力。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，关系代词that指代先行词city，表示单数意义，谓语用单数，故填welcomes。 【44题详解】 考查副词。句意：的确，这是一座过去与未来交汇的古都。空处作状语修饰整个句子，应用副词形式，首字母应大写，故填Truly。 【45题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：同上。空处引导定语从句，先行词是capital，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。 第三部分 写作（共三节，满分50分） 第一节 单句填空（共10小题，每空1分，满分10分） 请根据句子的意思和汉语提示用选择性必修二第五单元到选择性必修四第三单元生词表单词完成下列句子，每空只填一个单词。 46. Under any circumstances, we cannot ignore the __________ (迫切的) necessity to protect the environment. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】urgent 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在任何情况下，我们都不能忽视保护环境的迫切必要性。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“迫切的”应用urgent，为形容词，在本句中作定语，修饰后面名词necessity。故填urgent。 47. One night, Mary had to work till late and it was __________ (有雾的) outside when she left the office. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】foggy 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一天晚上，玛丽不得不工作到很晚，当她离开办公室时，外面雾气蒙蒙。根据汉语提示可知，foggy“有雾的”，形容词，作表语，故填foggy。 48. The steady __________ (下降) in pollution levels is an evidence to the success of environmental conservation efforts in the area. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】decline 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：污染水平的稳步下降证明了该地区环境保护工作的成功。空处应为名词，作主语；decline可作名词，表示“下降”，符合句意。故填decline。 49. After a good night’s sleep, she woke up feeling __________ (神清气爽的) and ready to face the day ahead. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】refreshed 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：美美地睡了一觉后，她醒来时感觉神清气爽，准备好迎接新的一天。根据汉语提示可知，refreshed“神清气爽的”，形容词，作表语，故填refreshed。 50. The carnival held __________ (每年) enriches the city with its colorful festivities, diverse performances, and joyful atmosphere, drawing crowds from far and wide. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】annually 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：每年举行的狂欢节以其丰富多彩的节日，多样的表演和欢乐的气氛丰富了这座城市，吸引了来自四面八方的人群。根据汉语提示可知，annually“每年”，副词，修饰动词held，故填annually。 51. After a long day of hard work, she __________ (下沉) back into her seat, exhausted, but with a sense of satisfaction. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】sank 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：辛苦工作了一整天后，她坐回座位上，筋疲力尽，但心里很满足。空处应为动词，作谓语；sink为动词，表示“下沉”，根据句意，应用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作。故填sank。 52. Developing students' critical thinking ability can help them deal with problems in __________ (复杂的) situation. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】complex 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：培养学生的批判性思维能力可以帮助他们在复杂的情况下处理问题。 根据汉语提示可知，空处需要形容词complex“复杂的”，在句中作定语修饰后面的名词。故填complex。 53. We encourage all students to work at their own __________ (步伐、节奏) . (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】pace 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们鼓励所有学生以自己的节奏工作。根据汉语提示，表示“步伐、节奏”含义的英语表达为pace，故填pace。 54. He has a remarkable __________ (能力) for learning new languages, mastering three in just a year. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】capacity 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：他学习新语言的能力非常出色，仅在一年内就掌握了三种语言。根据汉语提示和空格后的介词for可知，空处需要名词capacity“能力”，在句中作宾语。根据空前的a可知，空处需要该名词的单数形式。故填capacity。 55. The person __________ (鼓掌) for others is cheering for one’s own life too. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】applauding 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为别人鼓掌的人，也是在为自己的生活欢呼。clap意为“鼓掌”；applaud for sb.为某人鼓掌、喝彩，强调赞同之意；分析句子结构可知，句子中已经有谓语动词，因此需要使用非谓语动词，逻辑主语与动词之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词。作后置定语，故填applauding。 第二节 应用文写作（共1题，满分15分） 56. 假定你是李华，你的英国网友Peter准备带领小组参加三分钟的“The Beauty of Nature”Vlog 视频展示，他来信向你请教，请给他回信，内容包括： 1. 提出建议并说明理由； 2. 表达祝愿。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Peter, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Peter, I’m delighted to hear that your team will participate in the “The Beauty of Nature” Vlog Display under your leadership. Here are some of my suggestions. For your 3-minute video, I recommend focusing on a unique natural scene in your country and capturing its beauty with different shots. Such scene can leave a deep impression on the audience. Besides, your video should pay attention to details because they can make viewers enjoy an immersive experience. Good luck with your presentation! Yours Sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给Peter写一封建议信，对他的视频展示提出建议并说明理由，最后表达祝愿。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 高兴的：delighted→happy 参加：participate in→take part in 建议：recommend→suggest 此外：besides→in addition 2. 句式拓展 简单句变强调句 原句：Such scene can leave a deep impression on the audience. 拓展句：It is such scene that can leave a deep impression on the audience. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m delighted to hear that your team will participate in the “The Beauty of Nature” Vlog Display under your leadership.(使用了不定式作状语、that引导宾语从句) 【高分句型2】Besides, your video should pay attention to details because they can make viewers enjoy an immersive experience. (使用了because引导原因状语从句、“make+宾语+宾补”结构) 第三节 读后续写（共1题，满分25分） 57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给的段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My brother Cody and I were in the back seat playing the guessing game I Spy when the rainstorm started. Fat drops of rain, like a million tiny water balloons, landed on our car, making it hard to keep the view clear. “I spy something wet,” I said. “Not fair,” said Cody, “Everything looks wet.” He was right. In the hour since we’d left Grandma's house to return to our house, the weather had gotten worse. The highway was slippery. “I meant Mom’s raincoat,” I told Cody. We continued our game. Cody's turn came. “I spy something green,” Cody said. In the meantime, Dad expressed his concerns about the worsening visibility to Mom. The forecast had mentioned rain showers, but this seemed more severe. On either side of the highway, deep ditches (沟渠) were filing with water. As the car slipped on the wet pools, I noticed Dad’s hands were tight on the steering wheel, his knuckles raised like bony mountains. “Guess,” Cody insisted. “The green highway sign?” I guessed, although it was hard to read it. Wet rain blocked most of the letters. I looked around. “The green hat on the girl in the car behind us?” “Yes!” Cody laughed. “Your turn.” At that moment, our car swerved (打滑) toward a ditch. Dad managed to straighten the wheel and stay on the road. My heart pounded like I was in a race. Other cars had also swerved toward the ditch. If we went down, how would we ever get out? Nobody talked. Cody and I stopped playing I Spy. Dad said we needed to get off and wait out this storm. Mom added, “Maybe we can find a place to have a rest.” But we can hardly see the road, let alone an exit. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Suddenly, I saw a red, flashing light in the distance. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “Over there!” I shouted when we finally reached the restaurant. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Suddenly, I saw a red, flashing light in the distance. It was a beacon of hope amidst the raging storm. “Dad, look!” I yelled over the pounding rain. The light belonged to a truck stop just off the highway, its doors agape, inviting weary travelers to seek shelter. Dad cautiously navigated the car towards it, the red light growing brighter with each passing second. We were not alone; other vehicles followed suit, their headlights piercing the darkness. “Over there!” I shouted when we finally reached the restaurant. Its sign glowed warmly, a welcome sight after the harrowing drive. We hurried inside, joining the crowd of soaked strangers who had also sought refuge. The air was thick with the scent of hot coffee and sizzling burgers, a comforting contrast to the chaos outside. Our family found a table in the corner, grateful for the respite, and ordered steaming bowls of soup. As we ate, the storm raged on, but inside the restaurant, we were safe, together, and warm. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索，文章主要介绍了作者一家在驾车回家途中遭遇暴雨，导致路况变得极其危险。作者和弟弟在后座玩“I Spy”游戏，注意到天气恶化，父亲紧握方向盘努力保持车辆稳定。最终，他们决定寻找一个安全的地方避雨休息，但视线受阻，几乎看不清道路和出口。 【详解】1.段落续写 ①由第一段首句“突然，我看到远处有一道红色的闪光。”可知，本段可描写在红光的指引找到了避雨的地方，和其它的车辆一块躲避风雨。 ②由第二段首句““那边！”当我们终于到达餐厅时，我喊道。”可知，本段可描写在经历了艰难的雨夜行车后，一家人与其他避难者在一间充满暖意的餐厅中找到了避风港。 ②续写线索：看到红光——指引——到达卡车站——进入餐厅避雨——闻到食物的香味——感受温暖安心的氛围 ③词汇激活 行为类 ①大喊：yell/shout ②到达：reach/arrive at ③匆忙进入：hurry inside/rush in 情绪类 ①疲惫的：weary/exhausted ②感激的：grateful/thankful 【点睛】【高分句型1】We hurried inside, joining the crowd of soaked strangers who had also sought refuge.（运用了who引导的限定性定语从句） 【高分句型2】As we ate, the storm raged on, but inside the restaurant, we were safe, together, and warm.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2023学年第二学期期末教学质量检测 高二英语 本试卷共10页，满分130分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题卡第1面和第3面上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写学校、班级、姓名、试室号和座位号，将自己的条形码粘贴在答题卡的“条形码粘贴处”。 2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。 3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。 4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第I卷（满分65分） 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Discover the Wonders of Tide Pools! Moon Cove's rocky shorelines are filled with colorful marine life waiting to be discovered This is the perfect family-friendly adventure to connect with nature, learn about coastal ecosystems and have fun! What to expect ·Our experienced marine biologists will lead you through the tide pools, pointing out fascinating creatures and their unique adaptations. ·Get up close and personal with sea stars, anemones, crabs, and more! Learn how to gently handle and observe these amazing animals ·Interactive activities and informative talks about marine conservation and the importance of protecting our oceans. ·Capture (捕捉) the beauty of the tide pools with tips from our pool-side nature photography experts Event Highlights ·Family-Friendly: Suitable for all ages. Children under 12 must be accompanied by an adult. ·Eco-Friendly: Learn how to explore responsibly without disturbing the natural habitat. Fill the tin with ocean water, use your net to collect animals, and gently place them in the tin. When you finish, carefully release the contents of the tin back to the water, close to where they were found. ·Free Souvenirs: Take home educational materials and a special tide pool explorer certificate! Safety ·Choose a calm, shallow area to gather items from the water. ·Choose a dry, non-slippery area for children to walk on. ·Discuss water safety and the dangers of unpredictable ocean waves ·Bring life jackets if necessary. How to Register Limited spots available! Reserve your spot today! Register online at: www. mooncovetidepools. com Call us at: (123) 456-7891 1. What is special about the Moon Cove? A. Family can camp on the shoreline. B. Experts can create a new ecosystem. C. Tourists can appreciate colourful rocks. D. Children can explore the wildlife there. 2. What can participants do in the tide pool exploration? A. Bring the caught fish home. B. Go on tours led by photographers. C. Touch small ocean animals. D. Give talks about ocean protection. 3. Which of the following should be done first before the adventure? A. Book the desired spot. B. Release the fish to the pool. C. Buy life jackets in advance. D. Prepare educational materials B When I was in middle school, my mom confirmed that I was, indeed, a baked good. “Children are like bread,” she explained one night at the kitchen table. “You choose the ingredients when they’re young and shape them as the dough rises. But once they’re in the oven, it’s out of your hands. ” “You’re already in the oven,” she said, “It’s all you now.” Growing up, I was always involved in Mom’s baking kitchen, especially on our monthly Baking Days. I would help with party treats. But my most important job was to pay attention and absorb her every word. The kitchen was part of my homeschooling. “Always roast nuts before adding them to the batter (面糊) .” “This is how I learned from my grandmother, Natalie.” “Remember, you’re in charge, not the tools.” Years later, after I moved out for college. Baking Days became rare. But her bread metaphor became a touchstone for me, a reminder of why some habits feel unchangeable. But I also wrestle with her theory, wondering if I can still change and evolve. Have I not fundamentally changed since I was a girl at her elbow, measuring flour? “Don’t worry,” she once said, “you can always add a little egg wash later.” Now, at 35, I realized her bread metaphor was about her parenting philosophy. She poured her stories, pain, strength, and joy into me, her only child, folding each piece with care. She gave me the freedom to rise and take shape, trusting her work and letting go. Tonight, we sit at her kitchen table, drinking tea and eating her homemade cookies. I tell her about my week, the projects I’m working on, the meals I’m creating, the friends I have gathered. She holds a cookie mid-bite, looking at me with pride and admiration. She sees the adult I’ve become, shaped with the ingredients she lovingly provided. 4. What does the mother mean by saying “You’re already in the oven.”? A. You are as hot as a baking bread. B. You are mature enough to fly alone. C. You are already a baking master. D. You are bound to change yourself. 5. Why were the monthly Baking Days meaningful? A. They were a way for the author to learn new recipes. B. They were a chance for the mother to teach life lessons. C. They were an occasion for the family to try new desserts. D. They were the only time the author got to listen to her mother. 6. Which statement shows the mother’s metaphor change over time? A. “You can always add a little egg wash later.” B. “Remember, you’re in charge, not the tools.” C. “This is how I learned from my grandmother.” D “Always roast nuts before adding them to the batter.” 7. What is the best title for the passage? A. Kitchen Memories B. The Art of Bread Making C. The Story of Dough D. Mother’s Baking Philosophy C Scientists already knew African gray parrots are particularly clever, with large brains and exceptional problem-solving skills. But they wondered if these birds, separated from great apes by some 300 million years of evolution, also possess advanced social abilities, like helping one another. Corvids, another group of so-called “intelligent” birds that includes crows, have so far failed to demonstrate this ability, according to Desiree Brucks, a Swiss biologist. “Parrots had not been tested yet,” says Brucks. “So it remained an open question whether or not the ability to help each other actively may have evolved (进化) within birds.” Brucks and his colleague placed many paired combinations of eight African grays into glass enclosures (围栏), with a hole cut in a dividing wall that allowed the two birds to interact. The scientists then trained the parrots to trade coins to a person through another hole in exchange for nuts. When one parrot had all the coins it would assist its coinless partner by gifting some of them through the dividing wall. The parrots tended to give more coins to friends and family, but would also help parrots they had never met. Importantly, the parrots didn’t help when their partner was blocked from accessing the experimenter, suggesting they could recognize when their assistance was needed, or even useful. This behavior, detailed in their study, published this week in the journal Current Biology, is possibly a consequence of evolving in giant, moving groups where an altruistic reputation is important. Katherine Cronin, a zoologist in Chicago, approves the study for ruling out simple playfulness as an explanation for passing the coins. “We can be pretty confident that the African gray parrots are considering the benefits available to their partners,” Cronin says. She points out the research adds to growing evidence of selflessness across the animal kingdom—and reminds us it is not unique to humans. 8. What is the study mainly about? A. The living habits of African gray parrots. B. The social abilities of African gray parrots. C. The problem-solving skills of African gray parrots. D. The comparison between African gray parrots and crows. 9 How did the researchers test the parrots’ ability to help each other? A. By setting up the parrots enclosures. B. By observing parrots work in groups. C. By creating a situation for parrots to share coins. D. By assessing the parrots’ intelligence separately. 10. What does the underlined word “altruistic” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Selfless. B. Impressive. C. Fearless. D. Professional. 11. Where is this article most likely taken from? A. A nature guidebook. B. A pet care magazine. C. A scientific journal. D. A bird-watching newsletter. D Scientists are working on new technology that may aid art historians in answering the question: Masterpiece or masterful imitation (仿制品)? Art historians, are often asked to authenticate (鉴定) art with their knowledge of the subject and science and technology. The materials used in the painting are often analyzed and X-rayed. Now, art historians may have another technological tool to help their process. Scientists have developed a new authentication technique that analyzes and sorts out paintings based on a digital analysis of the artist’s style. The digital authentication technique takes scans of art work that have already been authenticated as being from a master artist. From these scans, it creates a statistical model of the artist's work: a baseline. New paintings can be compared to the baseline to find consistencies and inconsistencies in an artist’s work. The images of the two paintings reveal what the human eye could not see. When the analysis recognizes this difference, the fakes are found out. In an experiment, the model automatically grouped together the eight authenticated works, separating them from five imitations. However some art historians held some different views on the new technique. “It’s an interesting idea. But I think a much larger sample of work has to be tested,” said Nadine Oberstein, head of an art museum in New York. If the technology turns out to be accurate, she added, it could be used to add to the expertise of scholars. Most importantly, Hany Farid, a computer scientist says, “such a method could be used to determine whether more than one person or hand was involved in creating a painting”. Using his model, Farid studied the faces of six individual characters in the painting Madonna with Child. Three of the faces proved to be statistically similar, while the three other faces were all different. This indicates that at least four hands contributed to the painting. “If further studies prove convincingly that this computer program effectively distinguishes between different artistic hands, it will lead to a whole new era in the study of the workshop practice of artists.” said Farid. 12. Why are scientists developing the new technique? A. To create digital copies of famous paintings. B. To improve the process of art authentication. C. To make displays more interactive for visitors. D. To replace art historians in authenticating works. 13. How does the digital authentication technique work? A. By analyzing materials. B. By identifying style patterns. C. By X-raying a baseline. D. By comparing to a statistical model. 14. What is Nadine’s attitude towards the new technique? A. Enthusiastic. B. Indifferent. C. Doubtful. D. Optimistic. 15. What can the new technique tell about a painting? A. The painter of the masterpiece. B. The materials used in the painting. C. The time period in which the painting was created. D. The number of painters involved in creating the painting. 第二节 七选五（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分。） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The hot summer sun has many of us heading outdoors to do summer sports. For some, the warm weather makes us feel like kicking a ball around. ___16___ Whatever your reasons for doing more sport this summer, make sure you’re doing it safely to prevent injuries. Know your limits Before following a recipe, you need to check you have all the equipment and ingredients ___17___ Before getting started, people with health issues should consult a doctor to ensure their fitness for physical activity. Once you do start exercising, it's important to continue to pay attention to your body and its limits. Ease into it If you’re unfit, you may wish to consider starting with low intensity exercises such as cycling or swimming to get your body used to moving. You should ease yourself into it. If you normally play soccer twice a week and suddenly you increase to five times per week, you are exhausting your muscles and joints. ___18___ Do strengthening and conditioning exercises The most important thing for preventing injuries is actually strengthening and doing conditioning exercises. Running marathons is not about just running. You need to have strong muscles to support your joints. ___19___ You’ll need to strengthen your legs and core muscles to allow you to go the distance. ___20___ You can stand on one leg and throw and catch a ball against the wall at home. Standing on one leg will improve your balance and multitasking will improve your coordination (协调性). A. So, don’t just go out and run. B. Picking up a new sport is no different. C. Check your muscles and joints regularly. D. For others, it’s a good choice to go for a hike. E. This can increase your chances of getting injured. F. This will keep your muscles from getting too tight. G. Balance and coordination are also very important. 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分。） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 In the great Central Valley of California, the spring usually falls in November. But by the end of May, flowery plant is dead and ___21___ and crisp, as if every plant had been roasted in an oven. Then the heavily breathing flocks and herds are driven to the ___22___ , cool, green grasslands of the Sierra. As exploring the untouched beauty had always been my dream, I was longing for the mountains about this time, but money was ___23___ . While I was ___24___ thinking about the bread problem, Mr. Delaney, a sheep-owner, for whom I had worked a few weeks, ___25___ me. And he offered to ___26___ me to go with his shepherd (牧羊人) . The flock, he explained, would be ___27___ gradually higher, stopping for a few weeks at the best places. These I thought would be good centers for ___28___ from which I might be able to make many ___29___ trips to learn something of the plants, animals, and rocks. I judged, however, that I was in no way the right man for the job, and ____30____ explained my shortcomings. With bears, wolves, and confusing bushes, I ____31____ that half or more of his flock would be lost. Fortunately these shortcomings seemed ____32____ to Mr. Delaney. He assured me that the difficulties would disappear as we went on, ____33____ me further by saying that the shepherd would do all the herding. Therefore I ____34____ to go, though still fearing. A week later, supplies were ____35____ on two horses, and the flock headed for the hills. With everyone’s efforts, our journey began. 21. A. fresh B. dry C. hot D. sweet 22. A. high B. rocky C. huge D. poor 23. A. donated B. abundant C. lost D. tight 24. A. enviously B. calmly C. angrily D. anxiously 25. A. sent for B. wrote to C. called on D. knocked into 26. A. train B. engage C. remind D. appoint 27. A. moved B. walked C. pulled D. trapped 28. A. business B. entertainment C. observation D. communication 29. A. educational B. mysterious C. relaxing D. stressful 30. A. consistently B. easily C. accurately D. freely 31. A. hoped B. dreamed C. confirmed D. feared 32. A. unbelievable B. unexpected C. insignificant D. irregular 33. A. surprising B. encouraging C. disappointing D. challenging 34. A. decided B. regretted C. postponed D. hesitated 35. A. sold B. balanced C. packed D. stored 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分。） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hutongs, also known as alleys, are a key feature of Beijing’s traditional architecture and culture. Originally built during the Yuan Dynasty, hutongs ___36___ (design) to provide housing for the city’s growing population while also serving as a means of transportation and social interaction. Over the centuries, hutongs have witnessed countless ___37___ (dynasty) rise and fall, and yet they remain ___38___ (stand) . They show the toughness of this ancient city. Today, ___39___ large number of brand-new shops are added to the vigour of hutongs. Many stylish shops have popped up ___40___ the busy streets and traditional courtyard houses. In recent years, great contributions have been made to improve the life of people in hutongs. Old buildings have been repaired and upgraded. As a result, the living conditions in hutongs have greatly changed, with ___41___ (improve) water and electricity supply. Hutongs have always welcomed modernity as the time has changed. They are not just places for traditional elderly residents but also for the ___42___ (fashion) young generations. This is a perfect example of Beijing a dynamic city that ___43___ (welcome) changes and innovations with open arms while proudly protecting its history and charm. ___44___ (true) , it's an ancient capital ___45___ the past meets the future. 第三部分 写作（共三节，满分50分） 第一节 单句填空（共10小题，每空1分，满分10分） 请根据句子的意思和汉语提示用选择性必修二第五单元到选择性必修四第三单元生词表单词完成下列句子，每空只填一个单词。 46. Under any circumstances, we cannot ignore the __________ (迫切的) necessity to protect the environment. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 47. One night, Mary had to work till late and it was __________ (有雾的) outside when she left the office. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 48. The steady __________ (下降) in pollution levels is an evidence to the success of environmental conservation efforts in the area. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 49. After a good night’s sleep, she woke up feeling __________ (神清气爽的) and ready to face the day ahead. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 50. The carnival held __________ (每年) enriches the city with its colorful festivities, diverse performances, and joyful atmosphere, drawing crowds from far and wide. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 51. After a long day of hard work, she __________ (下沉) back into her seat, exhausted, but with a sense of satisfaction. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 52. Developing students' critical thinking ability can help them deal with problems in __________ (复杂的) situation. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 53. We encourage all students to work at their own __________ (步伐、节奏) . (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 54. He has a remarkable __________ (能力) for learning new languages, mastering three in just a year. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 55. The person __________ (鼓掌) for others is cheering for one’s own life too. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 第二节 应用文写作（共1题，满分15分） 56. 假定你是李华，你的英国网友Peter准备带领小组参加三分钟的“The Beauty of Nature”Vlog 视频展示，他来信向你请教，请给他回信，内容包括： 1. 提出建议并说明理由； 2. 表达祝愿。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Peter, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours Sincerely, Li Hua 第三节 读后续写（共1题，满分25分） 57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给的段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My brother Cody and I were in the back seat playing the guessing game I Spy when the rainstorm started. Fat drops of rain, like a million tiny water balloons, landed on our car, making it hard to keep the view clear. “I spy something wet,” I said. “Not fair,” said Cody, “Everything looks wet.” He was right. In the hour since we’d left Grandma's house to return to our house, the weather had gotten worse. The highway was slippery. “I meant Mom’s raincoat,” I told Cody. We continued our game. Cody's turn came. “I spy something green,” Cody said. In the meantime, Dad expressed his concerns about the worsening visibility to Mom. The forecast had mentioned rain showers, but this seemed more severe. On either side of the highway, deep ditches (沟渠) were filing with water. As the car slipped on the wet pools, I noticed Dad’s hands were tight on the steering wheel, his knuckles raised like bony mountains. “Guess,” Cody insisted. “The green highway sign?” I guessed, although it was hard to read it. Wet rain blocked most of the letters. I looked around. “The green hat on the girl in the car behind us?” “Yes!” Cody laughed. “Your turn.” At that moment, our car swerved (打滑) toward a ditch. Dad managed to straighten the wheel and stay on the road. My heart pounded like I was in a race. Other cars had also swerved toward the ditch. If we went down, how would we ever get out? Nobody talked. Cody and I stopped playing I Spy. Dad said we needed to get off and wait out this storm. Mom added, “Maybe we can find a place to have a rest.” But we can hardly see the road, let alone an exit. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Suddenly, I saw a red, flashing light in the distance. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “Over there!” I shouted when we finally reached the restaurant. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$