考点10 动词不定式（核心语法，四大考点五种应用）-【全优新高考】2025年新高考英语一轮总复习培优全攻略（上海专用）

考点10 动词不定式（四大考点五种应用） 目录 （一）不定式的句法功能 3 一、不定式作主语和表语 3 二、不定式作宾语： 3 三、不定式作补语： 3 四、不定式作定语： 3 五、不定式作状语： 4 （二）不定式的时态与语态意义 4 （三）省去to的动词不定式 4 （四）带介词to的动词短语和不定式的省略 5 模块一 课前热身练 1．_________ early for the competition, she set the alarm clock. A．Getting up B．To get up C．Get up D．Having got up 2．______ the use of electric cars to reduce pollution and oil dependence, the government is considering passing a new tax law. A．Having encouraged B．To encourage C．Encouraged D．Encouraging 3．With a strong desire ______ a new skill, she aims to dedicate her time and effort to learning how to play the guitar within the upcoming year. A．to have master B．to master C．mastering D．being mastered 4．The forbidden city is believed ________ in the Ming dynasty over 600 years ago. A．to have been built B．to have built C．being built D．built 5．We regret _______ that all flights to Florida will be put off due to the coming storms. A．announcing B．to have announced C．to announce D．to be announced 6．Kathy reached the company out of breath only ________ she was fired. A．told B．to be told C．being told D．having told 7．Thirty years ago, the common way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages . A．delivering B．delivered C．to deliver D．to be delivered 8．The local health organization is reported________twenty-five years ago when Dr. Audubon became its first president. A．to be set up B．being set up C．to have been set up D．having been set up 9．The disease that is going around is thought in the southwest. A．to have originated B．to originate C．to have been originated D．to be originated 10．My explanation seemed ______ things worse, which drove me even madder than before. A．to make B．to have been making C．to have made D．to be making 11．The actor is believed ______ the TV drama soon due to personal reasons. A．to have left B．to leave C．to be left D．to have been left 12．DX Sports Watch has a voice control setting that enables you to stay hands-free, while its waterproof band is fully adjustable so that it is comfortable ______. A．to be worn B．to be wearing C．to wear D．to worn 13．—Who did you have ________ across the busy street to fetch the heavy box in the rush hour? —Johnson. Is there anything the matter! —Yeah, if not cautious, he may ________ run over by a car. A．gone; have B．go; get C．to go; turn D．went; become 14．He couldn’t be the person ________ since he was the only one absent from work that day. A．blamed B．to be blamed C．blaming D．to blame 15．Lily meant ________ money for a new car, but she ended up spending it on clothes instead. A．to have saved B．saving C．to save D．having saved 模块二 核心考点梳理 （一）不定式的句法功能 一、不定式作主语和表语 知识学习： 1. 不定式作主语和表语口语中常用it作形式主语。 2. 若说明不定式动作对于执行者的影响，常在不定式前加for sb.。 3. 但是以形容词作表语来说明主语的行为品质时（如kind，goodnice，wise，clever，silly，wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, polite, agreeable等），不定式前加of sb.。 4. 不定式作表语，表示目的、结果、同意、命令、安排、决定、劝告等意义。 二、不定式作宾语： 知识学习： 1. 只能以不定式作宾语，而不能以动名词作宾语的动词有： （“希望”干）wish, hope, expect, long, desire; （早“打算”）plan, mean, prepare, attempt, intend; （“同意”“否”）agree, consent, refuse, decline; （“寻”“问”看）seek, ask, beg; （“选”“定”了）choose, decide, determine, promise; （“尽”“自愿”）manage, volunteer, tend; (“称”“失败”）claim, fail; （“敢”“装蒜”）dare, pretend 2. 可用于“动词+ it+形容词／名词+to do sth.” 结构中的动词有feel, find, make, think, believe, consider等。 3. 以动词不定式作宾语的形容词有happy，glad，pleased，sure，ready，anxious，eager，free，afraid，willing等。 4. 有些介词后也可以不定式作宾语，如介词but，about，except，save等。 三、不定式作补语： 知识学习： 1. 常见的以不定式作宾语补语的动词及短语有ask，allow，advise，beg，call on，expect，force, forbid, invite, teach, would like, depend on. wait for等。 2. 以省略to的不定式作补语的感官动词有：feel（一‘‘感’’），listen to，hear(二‘‘听’’)；have，let，make(三‘‘使”)；look at，see，watch，observe，notice（五‘‘看’’）。但这些感官动词若在被动语态的句子中，动词不定式则必须带to，let除外。 四、不定式作定语： 知识学习： 1. 不定式与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系，不定式后接的若是不及物动词，应在动词后加上合适的介词。 2. 数词和最高级后常接不定式，如the first，the second，the last，the best等。 3. 有些名词后常接不定式，如time，way，right，chance，reason等。 五、不定式作状语： 知识学习： 1. 不定式作状语主要表目的、结果和原因。 2. 常用的表示目的短语有：to do，in order to do，so as to do，（so as to不能放在句首）。不定式作目的状语，其否定式必须用in order not to或so as not to;不能只用not to do。 3. 常用too…to，enough to，only to，so+形容词／副词+as to，such a+名词+as to等结构表示结果。 4. 常用表示情绪的动词surprised，joy，glad，pleased等后接不定式表示原因。常用独立成分，作插入语，表示说话人的态度，如to tell you the truth，to be exact，to be sure, to be frank (with you),to be honest, to cut a long story short, to start with, to begin with, to say nothing, to be brief等。 （二）不定式的时态与语态意义 知识学习： 1. 不定式的时态意义 1) 一般式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或是在其后发生。 2) 进行式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时的，而且正在进行。 3) 完成式：不定式的动作先于谓语动词的动作。 a. happen, seem, be reported, be said, be likely等动词的复合谓语中，多使用完成式。 b. 在“be+形容词”结构后使用完成式。 c. 完成式用在某些动词后，如pretend，intend，expect，mean，hope，wish，think，was，were，want，would like等表示过去未实现的愿望、期待或计划。 2. 不定式的语态意义 1) 当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，不定式用被动语态。 2) be+easy/ difficult/ fit/ hard结构中，不定式的主动语态表被动意义。 3) there be结构中不定式多用主动语态表被动意义，也可用被动语态来表示。 4) 当不定式在句子中没有逻辑主语时，不定式最好用被动语态。 （三）省去to的动词不定式 知识学习： 1. 并列不定式to只用于第一个动词之前，后面不定式的to要省略。 2. 在had better, would rather, would rather…than, rather than, would sooner, would sooner…than, cannot but, cannot help but, do nothing but, might as well, do nothing besides, do nothing than( except，save)等结构后的动词不定式要省略to。 3. 在（一“感’’）feel，（二“听”）hear，listen to，（三“使”）have，let，make，（五‘‘看’’）look at， see，watch，notice，observe后以不定式作宾补时要省略to;但这些动词用在被动语态的句子中时，则不能省略to。 4. 当动词help意为“帮忙”时，其后的动词不定式可省略也可不省略to；在can’t help意为“不由自主”时，后需接动名词形式；在cannot help but意为“不得不”时，后需接省略to的动词不定式。 5. rather than，sooner than位于句首时，其后的不定式省略to。 6. 主语是all，what引导的从句，或者主语受only，the first，one，least或最高级修饰，且从句或短语中有do时，作表语的不定式一般省略to。 7. 在以why引导的疑问句中不用to。 （四）带介词to的动词短语和不定式的省略 知识学习： 1. 有些动词短语中的to是介词，后需要，接名词或动名词，注意要与动词不定式区分。这些动词短语有get down to，keep to，find one's way'to，put one's heart to，admit to, turn to, lead to, look forward to, put one-s mind to, stick to, be related to, be familiarto, be accustomed to, get used to, be faithful to, see to, be equal to，be object to, in addition to，be open to等。 2. 一些情态动词ought to，need to，dare to，would/ would like to, would love to，used to，have to，be going to，be able to后省略已提到的或已知的内容。 3. 动词want, plan, decide, love, like, promlse, know, forget, prepare, hope, wish, try,refuse，hate，expect，fail，manage，agree，pretend，afford后省略已提到的或已知的内容。 4. 疑问词接不定式作宾语时不定式后可省略已提到的或已知的内容。 5. 形容词afraid, anxious, careful, eager, glad, happy, kind, lucky, proud‘，ready, sorry,able后可省略已提到的或已知的内容。 6. 动词allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, get, order, permit, teach, prefer, want，warn，wish，command，forbid后作主补或者宾补的不定式可省略已提及或已知的内容。 7. 作名词time，chance，duty，right，way定语的不定式可省略已提及或已知的内容。 8. it作形式主语，不定式作逻辑主语时，可省略已提及或已知的内容。 9. 如果重复的不定式是to be或者to have时，通常保留be或have。 10. 作有些感官动词（feel，hear，listen to，let，have，make，see等）的宾补时，to,必须省去。 16．The guard forbade us ______ out of the window when the train was moving. A．look B．looking C．looked D．to look 17．The news said that the death toll in the tsunami in Indonesia had climbed over 400, with a lot more reported _______. A．to be missed B．having been missing C．to have been missing D．having missed 18．I haven’t decided which hotel ______; I’ll let you know by tomorrow. A．to stay B．stayed at C．to stay at D．staying 19．I will be sorry ______ this company, but I was offered an opportunity ______ in a field which I really enjoy. A．for leaving: to have worked B．to leave: to work C．for having left; about working D．to have left; for working 20．Jerry pretended___________ the moment his father stepped in, which made the man extremely angry because he couldn't stand being cheated. A．to read B．to have read C．to be reading D．reading 21．I am looking for a room ________. A．live in B．to live in C．to live D．live 22．Cindy is believed______many books. This is the reason why she performed so well in the knowledge contest. A．to have read B．to read C．having read D．reading 23．—Do you think it ______ to argue with them? —The question is not worthy ______. A．worthwhile; discussing B．worthwhile; to be discussed C．worthy; to discuss D．worth; to be discussed 24．I want to invite my friend ________ eat Chinese food. A．at B．in C．with D．to 25．My Chinese dream is to make my country stronger and let people the fruits of development in a way. A．share B．to share C．sharing D．shared 26．Will you please help me ________? A．open the door B．turn on the door C．opened the door D．to turn on the door 27．—Do you know ________ the waste? —Let me see. A．how to do with B．what to do with C．how to deal D．what to deal with 28．He is said ________ abroad in his youth. A．going B．having gone C．to go D．to have gone 29．The question ________ at tomorrow’s meeting is very important. A．being discussed B．discussed C．to be discussed D．to discuss 30．—__________ drop rubbish while climbing the mountain. It’s bad for the environment. —I will keep that in mind. A．Don’t remember to B．Remember to not C．Remember not to D．Remember 31．I often help my younger brother__________ English in the evening. A．learning B．learns C．learned D．to learn 32．Michael and his family migrated to New Zealand in the hope of living a better life, only ________entirely new hardships. A．encounter B．encountering C．to encounter D．encountered 33．It took them three hours homework. A．do B．doing C．to do D．did 34．—I need a red pen now, mom. — Oh, I’m busy now. Let your father one for you. A．to buy B．buying C．buys D．buy 35．It’s sunny and windy today.It’s the best time a kite. A．to fly B．fly C．flying D．flies 36．Fearful that he might have an intention ______ her, Helen started to run. A．to have harmed B．harmed C．harming D．to harm 37．—My parents always ask me ________ many things. I’m too tired. —Well, they just expect you ________ a lot of skills in order that you can have a bright future. A．to learn; have B．learn; have C．to learn; to have D．learn; to have 38．The problems to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow are really hard ________. A．to solve B．solved C．solving D．to be solved 39．The old couple sat in front of the house every evening, happy________those lovely children running and playing around. A．to watch B．watching C．watched D．having watched 40．For years researchers have attempted ____________that television is dangerous to children. A．show B．to show C．showed D．showing 模块三 当堂检测（难度两星） 41．To (justification) yourself with relevant examples from your personal experience and be specific about your achievements. (所给词的适当形式填空) 42．Therefore, he completely buried himself in studying the Chinese language at the famous Peking University, and then continued his undergraduate studies at the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (improve) his knowledge. (所给词的适当形式填空) 43．Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, where thousands were attending a water conference. She called for action (address) the struggles of people around the world facing “too little water or too dirty water”. (所给词的适当形式填空) 44．A small human statue is attached to the creature’s head and appears (ride) or controlling the animal. (所给词的适当形式填空) 45．For Jonathan Walker, who attends high school in Panama City, the next challenge will be choosing which school (attend). (所给词的适当形式填空) 46．The govermment, however, does not intend (stop) the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared. (所给词的适当形式填空) 47．As Buddhism was popular in China during the Tang Dynasty (618-907), there was a strong need (produce) a large amount of Buddhist works, and copying by hand could not meet the rising demand. (所给词的适当形式填空) 48．As long as you choose the right person (marry), you will enjoy happiness the whole life with or without a wedding party. (所给词的适当形式填空) 49．Still, it has “boundless ambition, and the courage (place) weighty issues at the heart of a kids’ film”. (所给词的适当形式填空) 50．Today, TCM is primarily used as an alternative for people (maintain) a healthy state in the US. (所给词的适当形式填空) 51．The system, overseen by China’s Minister of Emergency, is set (complete) in 2020. (所给词的适当形式填空) 52．We must also be brave enough (take) responsibility for our decision and action. (所给词的适当形式填空) 53．Architects are now looking towards the principles behind skywells while designing new buildings (save) energy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 54．Speaking at the second National Park Forum held in Xining, capital of Qinghai province, Guan said China has adopted the strictest measures (strengthen) the protection of the authenticity and integrity of the ecosystem, and promote the continuous improvement of ecological functions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 55．Working with a billion-dollar budget, he combined them (create) a work of architecture that can excite visitors as much as the art collection inside does. (所给词的适当形式填空) 56．For instance, knowledge of places where the surface-ocean microbial ecosystem is changing might be useful for identifying regions of the open ocean (set) up marine protected areas. (所给词的适当形式填空) 57．He used the ancient mortise and tenon technique (construct) the Turret of Palace Museum at a 1:81 mini-scale. (所给词的适当形式填空) 58．Students need the ability to a logical argument. The preparation for their argument is currently under .  (construct) (所给词的适当形式填空) 59．To my , they were with what we had done to the local people’s needs in the past few weeks. It was really something . (satisfy) (所给词的适当形式填空) 60．It is very difficult to the concept of beauty. Do you have a clear of it? (define) (所给词的适当形式填空) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Walking and Using a Phone is Bad for Your Health Spend time on any crowded sidewalk and you’ll see heads bent over and eyes cast downward. One recent study of college students found that a quarter of people crossing intersections 61 (absorb) in a device. That screen in your hand isn’t just distracting your attention. It also changes your mood, your manner of walking and etc. — and affects your ability to get from point A to point B 62 running into trouble. When you walk and use a phone at the same time, you automatically adjust 63 you move. Video footage of walkers has shown that people on phones walk about 10 percent slower than those undistracted ones. These changes can block traffic on the sidewalk. And 64 walking makes up a big portion of your daily physical activity, walking more slowly may have impacts for your fitness. Looking down at a smartphone while walking can also increase the amount of force 65 (place) on the neck and upper back muscles, which could reduce balance and increase the risk of falls. It’s now widely accepted that walking in natural spaces is good for your mental health. It appears that 66 (get) these benefits, it’s important that your attention is on the environment, rather than on your phone. Most of us understand that walking and using a phone can be risky. Some cities, like Honolulu, 67 (pass) laws to control distracted walkers. But research on those dangers has turned up some surprises. One study has looked at the connection between “phone-related distracted walking” and emergency department visits. Using government data 68 (extend) over the years 2011 to 2019, the researchers turned up nearly 30,000 walking injuries occasioned by phones. If you’re distracted by a phone, you’re definitely putting 69 at some risk. So how do you stay safe? If you do walk and use your device at the same time, stop when you’re around stairs, crosswalks and messy or uneven ground, 70 accidents are more likely to occur. Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. What If You’re Not Good at English? Researchers whose first language is not English can spend around twice as long reading an English scientific journal article as native speakers. For a PhD student, that can mean 71 (spend) up to 19 additional working days per year just reading papers. These statistics, 72 (publish) today in PLOS Biology, might not be shocking, researchers say, but it’s important to measure the effects of language barriers on the careers of academics   73 are not fluent in English. “It is the first step for the scientific community   74 (make) more efforts to solve this problem”, says Tatsuya Amano, a biodiversity researcher at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, and a co-author of the study. The team found that among scientists who had published only one paper in English, scientists from countries   75 English is generally poor spent 29.8 percent more time writing papers than native English speakers; 76 from countries with moderate English proficiency (能力) spent 50.6% more time. Similarly, the researchers found that people from countries with low English proficiency spent an average of 90.8 percent more time reading scientific articles   77 native English speakers. At conferences, even those who overcome obstacles face difficulties in presenting their work in English. Germana Barata, a researcher who 78 (specialize) in science communication at the State University of Campinas in Brazil, says that despite being fluent in English, she still feels uncomfortable at times. “We   79 (give) the same amount of time to present, but all that we can say in 10 minutes is different from   80 a native speaker can say,” she points out. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 考点10 动词不定式（四大考点五种应用） 目录 （一）不定式的句法功能 5 一、不定式作主语和表语 5 二、不定式作宾语： 5 三、不定式作补语： 5 四、不定式作定语： 6 五、不定式作状语： 6 （二）不定式的时态与语态意义 6 （三）省去to的动词不定式 6 （四）带介词to的动词短语和不定式的省略 7 模块一 课前热身练 1．_________ early for the competition, she set the alarm clock. A．Getting up B．To get up C．Get up D．Having got up 2．______ the use of electric cars to reduce pollution and oil dependence, the government is considering passing a new tax law. A．Having encouraged B．To encourage C．Encouraged D．Encouraging 3．With a strong desire ______ a new skill, she aims to dedicate her time and effort to learning how to play the guitar within the upcoming year. A．to have master B．to master C．mastering D．being mastered 4．The forbidden city is believed ________ in the Ming dynasty over 600 years ago. A．to have been built B．to have built C．being built D．built 5．We regret _______ that all flights to Florida will be put off due to the coming storms. A．announcing B．to have announced C．to announce D．to be announced 6．Kathy reached the company out of breath only ________ she was fired. A．told B．to be told C．being told D．having told 7．Thirty years ago, the common way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages . A．delivering B．delivered C．to deliver D．to be delivered 8．The local health organization is reported________twenty-five years ago when Dr. Audubon became its first president. A．to be set up B．being set up C．to have been set up D．having been set up 9．The disease that is going around is thought in the southwest. A．to have originated B．to originate C．to have been originated D．to be originated 10．My explanation seemed ______ things worse, which drove me even madder than before. A．to make B．to have been making C．to have made D．to be making 11．The actor is believed ______ the TV drama soon due to personal reasons. A．to have left B．to leave C．to be left D．to have been left 12．DX Sports Watch has a voice control setting that enables you to stay hands-free, while its waterproof band is fully adjustable so that it is comfortable ______. A．to be worn B．to be wearing C．to wear D．to worn 13．—Who did you have ________ across the busy street to fetch the heavy box in the rush hour? —Johnson. Is there anything the matter! —Yeah, if not cautious, he may ________ run over by a car. A．gone; have B．go; get C．to go; turn D．went; become 14．He couldn’t be the person ________ since he was the only one absent from work that day. A．blamed B．to be blamed C．blaming D．to blame 15．Lily meant ________ money for a new car, but she ended up spending it on clothes instead. A．to have saved B．saving C．to save D．having saved 参考答案： 1．B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了早早起床参加比赛，她设了闹钟。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入非谓语动词，此处表示目的，所以用动词不定式。故选B。 2．B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了鼓励使用电动汽车以减少污染和对石油的依赖，政府正在考虑通过一项新的税法。本句已有谓语动词is considering，所以encourage用作非谓语动词，根据句意，政府考虑通过一项新的税法，是为了鼓励使用电动汽车，空处应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故选B项。 3．B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：怀着掌握一门新技能的强烈愿望，她计划在即将到来的一年里花时间和精力学习如何弹吉他。设空处修饰名词，此处表目的，应用不定式作后置定语。故选B项。 4．A 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：紫禁城被认为建于600多年前的明朝。be believed to do sth.意为“被认为做某事”，动词与句子的逻辑主语The forbidden city为动宾关系，所以需要使用被动语态，且动词不定式的动作发生在is believed之前，所以需要使用动词不定式的完成时。故选A。 5．C 【详解】考查不定式。句意：我们很遗憾的通知所有前往弗洛里达的航班都因为暴风雨延迟了。regret后面可以接doing，意思是“后悔做过”；也可以接to do，意思是“遗憾的做”。根据句意，应该选择to do的形式。B选项错误，因为to have done表示动作发生在谓语之前，D选项错误，本题并不是被动语态，故选C项。 6．B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：凯西上气不接下气地赶到公司，却被告知她被解雇了。此处为only to do sth.，不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，且tell与Kathy构成被动关系，故用to be done形式。故选B。 7．D 【详解】考查不定式和被动语态。句意：30年前，从远方的朋友那里得到消息的常见方式是写信，这需要很长时间才能送达。sth. takes/took some time to do是固定短语，意为“做某事花了一些时间”，因此空格处是不定式，信是被送，因此空格处是不定式的被动语态，即to be delivered，故选D。 8．C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，当地卫生组织成立于25年前，当时奥杜邦博士成为该组织的第一任主席。此处是固定搭配：be reported to do意为“据报道”，所以空白处要填“to do”的形式。set up这一动作发生在is reported之前，所以要用完成时态，又set up和逻辑主语local health organization之间是被动关系，用被动语态，空处应填to have been set up。故选C项。 9．A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种正在流行的疾病被认为起源于西南部。be thought to do...是固定搭配，意为“……被认为……”，其中不定式作主语补足语；结合句意“起源于西南部”发生在谓语“被认为”之前，应用不定式的完成式to have originated表动作已经完成。C项originate是“源于”的意思，不需要用被动语态。故选A项。 10．C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的解释似乎让事情变得更糟，这让我比以前更抓狂。固定搭配seem to do sth.“似乎做某事”，根据语境可知，我的解释似乎已经让事情变得更糟糕，表示该动作在谓语动作发生之前已经完成，所以用动词不定式的完成式。故填C。 11．B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据信，由于个人原因，这位演员很快就会离开这部电视剧。be believed to do意为“据信做某事”，leave“离开”和The actor逻辑上是主动关系，不需要用被动语态，可排除C和D项，且结合“soon”可知，leave的行为没有已经完成，不需要用完成式。故选B。 12．C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：DX运动手表有一个语音控制设置，可以让你保持免提，而它的防水带是完全可调节的，所以戴起来很舒服。形容词comfortable“舒服的”用于描述主语it的性质，此处应用固定结构be adj. to do，主动形式表示被动意义。故选C。 13．B 【详解】考查固定短语和被动语态。句意：——你让谁在高峰时间穿过繁忙的街道去取那个沉重的箱子?  ——约翰逊。有什么问题吗? ——是的，如果不小心的话，他可能会被车撞。第一空处使用了固定短语have sb. do...，意为“让某人做某事……”，用动词原形go作宾语补足语；第二空处run over是谓语动词，与主语he之间是被动关系，用系动词get构成被动语态，在情态动词后用原形，get run over“被车撞”。get能准确地表示未曾料想到的事情。故选B项。 14．D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他不应该受到责备，因为那天只有他一个人没来上班。blame作后置定语，修饰名词the person，用不定式to blame，意为“该受责备；应该负责”，主动形式表示被动含义。故选D项。 15．A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Lily本打算攒钱买辆新车，结果却把钱花在买衣服上了。根据“but she ended up spending it on clothes instead”可知，Lily本来打算攒钱买新车，但是实际却没有做到，mean to have done“本来打算做某事”符合语境；设空处应填动词save不定式的完成式to have saved，作动词meant的宾语。故选A。 模块二 核心考点梳理 （一）不定式的句法功能 一、不定式作主语和表语 知识学习： 1. 不定式作主语和表语口语中常用it作形式主语。 2. 若说明不定式动作对于执行者的影响，常在不定式前加for sb.。 3. 但是以形容词作表语来说明主语的行为品质时（如kind，goodnice，wise，clever，silly，wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, polite, agreeable等），不定式前加of sb.。 4. 不定式作表语，表示目的、结果、同意、命令、安排、决定、劝告等意义。 二、不定式作宾语： 知识学习： 1. 只能以不定式作宾语，而不能以动名词作宾语的动词有： （“希望”干）wish, hope, expect, long, desire; （早“打算”）plan, mean, prepare, attempt, intend; （“同意”“否”）agree, consent, refuse, decline; （“寻”“问”看）seek, ask, beg; （“选”“定”了）choose, decide, determine, promise; （“尽”“自愿”）manage, volunteer, tend; (“称”“失败”）claim, fail; （“敢”“装蒜”）dare, pretend 2. 可用于“动词+ it+形容词／名词+to do sth.” 结构中的动词有feel, find, make, think, believe, consider等。 3. 以动词不定式作宾语的形容词有happy，glad，pleased，sure，ready，anxious，eager，free，afraid，willing等。 4. 有些介词后也可以不定式作宾语，如介词but，about，except，save等。 三、不定式作补语： 知识学习： 1. 常见的以不定式作宾语补语的动词及短语有ask，allow，advise，beg，call on，expect，force, forbid, invite, teach, would like, depend on. wait for等。 2. 以省略to的不定式作补语的感官动词有：feel（一‘‘感’’），listen to，hear(二‘‘听’’)；have，let，make(三‘‘使”)；look at，see，watch，observe，notice（五‘‘看’’）。但这些感官动词若在被动语态的句子中，动词不定式则必须带to，let除外。 四、不定式作定语： 知识学习： 1. 不定式与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系，不定式后接的若是不及物动词，应在动词后加上合适的介词。 2. 数词和最高级后常接不定式，如the first，the second，the last，the best等。 3. 有些名词后常接不定式，如time，way，right，chance，reason等。 五、不定式作状语： 知识学习： 1. 不定式作状语主要表目的、结果和原因。 2. 常用的表示目的短语有：to do，in order to do，so as to do，（so as to不能放在句首）。不定式作目的状语，其否定式必须用in order not to或so as not to;不能只用not to do。 3. 常用too…to，enough to，only to，so+形容词／副词+as to，such a+名词+as to等结构表示结果。 4. 常用表示情绪的动词surprised，joy，glad，pleased等后接不定式表示原因。常用独立成分，作插入语，表示说话人的态度，如to tell you the truth，to be exact，to be sure, to be frank (with you),to be honest, to cut a long story short, to start with, to begin with, to say nothing, to be brief等。 （二）不定式的时态与语态意义 知识学习： 1. 不定式的时态意义 1) 一般式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或是在其后发生。 2) 进行式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时的，而且正在进行。 3) 完成式：不定式的动作先于谓语动词的动作。 a. happen, seem, be reported, be said, be likely等动词的复合谓语中，多使用完成式。 b. 在“be+形容词”结构后使用完成式。 c. 完成式用在某些动词后，如pretend，intend，expect，mean，hope，wish，think，was，were，want，would like等表示过去未实现的愿望、期待或计划。 2. 不定式的语态意义 1) 当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，不定式用被动语态。 2) be+easy/ difficult/ fit/ hard结构中，不定式的主动语态表被动意义。 3) there be结构中不定式多用主动语态表被动意义，也可用被动语态来表示。 4) 当不定式在句子中没有逻辑主语时，不定式最好用被动语态。 （三）省去to的动词不定式 知识学习： 1. 并列不定式to只用于第一个动词之前，后面不定式的to要省略。 2. 在had better, would rather, would rather…than, rather than, would sooner, would sooner…than, cannot but, cannot help but, do nothing but, might as well, do nothing besides, do nothing than( except，save)等结构后的动词不定式要省略to。 3. 在（一“感’’）feel，（二“听”）hear，listen to，（三“使”）have，let，make，（五‘‘看’’）look at， see，watch，notice，observe后以不定式作宾补时要省略to;但这些动词用在被动语态的句子中时，则不能省略to。 4. 当动词help意为“帮忙”时，其后的动词不定式可省略也可不省略to；在can’t help意为“不由自主”时，后需接动名词形式；在cannot help but意为“不得不”时，后需接省略to的动词不定式。 5. rather than，sooner than位于句首时，其后的不定式省略to。 6. 主语是all，what引导的从句，或者主语受only，the first，one，least或最高级修饰，且从句或短语中有do时，作表语的不定式一般省略to。 7. 在以why引导的疑问句中不用to。 （四）带介词to的动词短语和不定式的省略 知识学习： 1. 有些动词短语中的to是介词，后需要，接名词或动名词，注意要与动词不定式区分。这些动词短语有get down to，keep to，find one's way'to，put one's heart to，admit to, turn to, lead to, look forward to, put one-s mind to, stick to, be related to, be familiarto, be accustomed to, get used to, be faithful to, see to, be equal to，be object to, in addition to，be open to等。 2. 一些情态动词ought to，need to，dare to，would/ would like to, would love to，used to，have to，be going to，be able to后省略已提到的或已知的内容。 3. 动词want, plan, decide, love, like, promlse, know, forget, prepare, hope, wish, try,refuse，hate，expect，fail，manage，agree，pretend，afford后省略已提到的或已知的内容。 4. 疑问词接不定式作宾语时不定式后可省略已提到的或已知的内容。 5. 形容词afraid, anxious, careful, eager, glad, happy, kind, lucky, proud‘，ready, sorry,able后可省略已提到的或已知的内容。 6. 动词allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, get, order, permit, teach, prefer, want，warn，wish，command，forbid后作主补或者宾补的不定式可省略已提及或已知的内容。 7. 作名词time，chance，duty，right，way定语的不定式可省略已提及或已知的内容。 8. it作形式主语，不定式作逻辑主语时，可省略已提及或已知的内容。 9. 如果重复的不定式是to be或者to have时，通常保留be或have。 10. 作有些感官动词（feel，hear，listen to，let，have，make，see等）的宾补时，to,必须省去。 16．The guard forbade us ______ out of the window when the train was moving. A．look B．looking C．looked D．to look 17．The news said that the death toll in the tsunami in Indonesia had climbed over 400, with a lot more reported _______. A．to be missed B．having been missing C．to have been missing D．having missed 18．I haven’t decided which hotel ______; I’ll let you know by tomorrow. A．to stay B．stayed at C．to stay at D．staying 19．I will be sorry ______ this company, but I was offered an opportunity ______ in a field which I really enjoy. A．for leaving: to have worked B．to leave: to work C．for having left; about working D．to have left; for working 20．Jerry pretended___________ the moment his father stepped in, which made the man extremely angry because he couldn't stand being cheated. A．to read B．to have read C．to be reading D．reading 21．I am looking for a room ________. A．live in B．to live in C．to live D．live 22．Cindy is believed______many books. This is the reason why she performed so well in the knowledge contest. A．to have read B．to read C．having read D．reading 23．—Do you think it ______ to argue with them? —The question is not worthy ______. A．worthwhile; discussing B．worthwhile; to be discussed C．worthy; to discuss D．worth; to be discussed 24．I want to invite my friend ________ eat Chinese food. A．at B．in C．with D．to 25．My Chinese dream is to make my country stronger and let people the fruits of development in a way. A．share B．to share C．sharing D．shared 26．Will you please help me ________? A．open the door B．turn on the door C．opened the door D．to turn on the door 27．—Do you know ________ the waste? —Let me see. A．how to do with B．what to do with C．how to deal D．what to deal with 28．He is said ________ abroad in his youth. A．going B．having gone C．to go D．to have gone 29．The question ________ at tomorrow’s meeting is very important. A．being discussed B．discussed C．to be discussed D．to discuss 30．—__________ drop rubbish while climbing the mountain. It’s bad for the environment. —I will keep that in mind. A．Don’t remember to B．Remember to not C．Remember not to D．Remember 31．I often help my younger brother__________ English in the evening. A．learning B．learns C．learned D．to learn 32．Michael and his family migrated to New Zealand in the hope of living a better life, only ________entirely new hardships. A．encounter B．encountering C．to encounter D．encountered 33．It took them three hours homework. A．do B．doing C．to do D．did 34．—I need a red pen now, mom. — Oh, I’m busy now. Let your father one for you. A．to buy B．buying C．buys D．buy 35．It’s sunny and windy today.It’s the best time a kite. A．to fly B．fly C．flying D．flies 36．Fearful that he might have an intention ______ her, Helen started to run. A．to have harmed B．harmed C．harming D．to harm 37．—My parents always ask me ________ many things. I’m too tired. —Well, they just expect you ________ a lot of skills in order that you can have a bright future. A．to learn; have B．learn; have C．to learn; to have D．learn; to have 38．The problems to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow are really hard ________. A．to solve B．solved C．solving D．to be solved 39．The old couple sat in front of the house every evening, happy________those lovely children running and playing around. A．to watch B．watching C．watched D．having watched 40．For years researchers have attempted ____________that television is dangerous to children. A．show B．to show C．showed D．showing 参考答案： 16．D 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：火车开动时，列车员禁止我们向窗外看。短语forbid sb. to do sth.表示“禁止某人做某事”，不定式作宾补。故选D。 17．C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：新闻报道称，印尼海啸造成的死亡人数已攀升至400多人，据报道还有更多人失踪。分析句子可知，be reported to do sth.“被报道做某事”为固定短语，且在本句中被应用到with的复合结构中，作宾补。本句中表示“be missing”发生在“report”之前，所以用动词不定式的完成式。故选C。 18．C 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我还没决定住哪家旅馆；我明天会给你答复。分析句子可知，此处为动词不定式作后置定语修饰hotel，stay at a hotel“住旅馆”为固定搭配。故选C项。 19．B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我要离开这家公司了，我感到很抱歉，但是我得到了一个在我真正喜欢的领域工作的机会。be sorry to do sth.为固定短语，意为“很抱歉做某事”，第一空应用 to leave；第二空作定语修饰抽象名词opportunity，应用不定式to work。故选 B。 20．C 【详解】考查不定式。句意：杰瑞在他父亲进来的那一刻假装在看书，这让父亲非常生气，因为他不能忍受被欺骗。表示“假装正在做某事”短语为pretend to be doing。故选C。 21．B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我正在找一间房子住。空处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词room，“居住在……”为固定搭配live in，因live是不及物动词，后面需要加介词，且live in的宾语是所修饰的词room，应用不定式作后置定语，故选B。 22．A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们相信辛迪读过很多书。这就是她在知识竞赛中表现如此出色的原因。此处为短语be believed to do sth.，且根据后文“she performed so well in the knowledge contest”可知，read已经完成，应用to have done形式。故选A。 23．B 【详解】考查形容词辨析和固定短语。句意：——你认为值得和他们争论吗？——这个问题不值得讨论。根据“think it”和“to argue with them”可知，此处用固定句型“think it+形容词+to do sth.”，意为“认为做某事……”，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式，第一空作宾语补足语，形容词worthwhile表示“值得的”，可作宾语补足语，形容词worthy意为“值得……的”，不能作宾语补足语，worth作形容词表示“值得的，具有……价值的”时不能作宾语补足语，故可排除C和D项；根据“is not worthy”和选项可知，此处用固定短语be worthy to be done表示“某事值得被做”。故选B。 24．D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我想邀请我的朋友吃中国菜。invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事。设空处应用to。故选D。 25．A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的中国梦是让我的国家更加强大，让人民以某种方式分享发展成果。let sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，let为使役动词，后面接宾语，然后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，在该结构中，需要省略动词不定式符号to，所以剩下动词原形。故选A。 26．A 【详解】考查动词和动词短语辨析、非谓语动词。句意：你能帮我开门吗？turn on“打开（设备）”；open“打开”；door“门”。turn on一般用于打开“电视、收音机、灯、煤气”等设备，不与door搭配，故排除选项B和D。help sb. (to) do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，故本空用省略to的不定式，作宾补。故选A。 27．B 【详解】考查“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。句意：——你知道怎么处理这些废物吗？——让我看看。表示“怎样处理”应用how to deal with或者what to do with。故选B。 28．D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说他年轻时就已经出国了。be said to do为固定搭配，意为“据说做某事”，由时间状语“in his youth”可知，出国的动作已经发生，发生在谓语动词动作之前，应用动词不定式的完成式to have gone。故选D。 29．C 【详解】考查不定式的被动语态。句意：明天会议要讨论的问题很重要。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰question，根据at tomorrow’s meeting可知，是问题将来被讨论，question和discuss为被动关系，所以此处为动词不定式的被动语态结构作后置定语修饰question，表示将要发生的动作。故选C项。 30．C 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：——爬山时记得不要扔垃圾。这对环境有害。——我会记住的。表示“记得不要做某事”短语为remember not to do sth.。故选C。 31．D 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我经常在晚上帮助我弟弟学英语。表示“帮助某人做某事”短语help sb. to do sth.，且当动词help后跟一个不定式用作宾语或宾语补足语时，不定式可以不带to，也不可以不带to。故选D。 32．C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：迈克尔和他的家人移民到新西兰，希望过上更好的生活，却遇到了全新的困难。根据句意可知，此处表示意料之外的结果，应用only to do。故选C。 33．C 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：他们花了三个小时的时间做作业。此处为固定句型It takes/took sb sometime to do sth.表示“花费某人多长时间做某事”，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语。故选C。 34．D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：——妈妈，我现在需要一支红色的钢笔。——哦，我现在很忙。让你父亲给你买一支。空格处作宾语补足语，根据固定搭配let sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”可知，空格处应填省略to的动词不定式。故选D项。 35．A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今天是晴朗和多风的，它是放风筝的最好时间。固定句型It’s the best time to do sth.表示“做某事的最好时间”，其中不定式作后置定语。故选A项。 36．D 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：海伦害怕他可能有伤害她的意图，开始逃跑。intention意为“意图”，，所以此处应用to do不定式作后置定语。此处表示将要，应用to do不定式的一般式。故选D。 37．C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：——我的父母总是要求我学习很多东西。我太累了。——嗯，他们只是希望你有很多技能，这样你就可以有一个光明的未来。一空处是固定搭配ask sb. to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”，所以空处应填to learn，二空处是固定搭配expect sb. to do sth.意为“期待某人做某事”，所以空处填to have。故选C项。 38．A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：明天会议要讨论的问题真的很难解决。sth. be+adj.+to do为固定句型，意为“做某事是……的”，不定式中的动词与主语sth.之间是动宾关系，应用主动形式表示被动含义。故选A。 39．A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那对老夫妇每天晚上都坐在屋前，高兴地看着那些可爱的孩子们跑来跑去，到处玩耍。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，根据happy to do sth.可知，此处应为不定式形式作原因状语，且表示主动意义，所以此处应为to watch。故选A项。 模块三 当堂检测（难度两星） 41．To (justification) yourself with relevant examples from your personal experience and be specific about your achievements. (所给词的适当形式填空) 42．Therefore, he completely buried himself in studying the Chinese language at the famous Peking University, and then continued his undergraduate studies at the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (improve) his knowledge. (所给词的适当形式填空) 43．Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, where thousands were attending a water conference. She called for action (address) the struggles of people around the world facing “too little water or too dirty water”. (所给词的适当形式填空) 44．A small human statue is attached to the creature’s head and appears (ride) or controlling the animal. (所给词的适当形式填空) 45．For Jonathan Walker, who attends high school in Panama City, the next challenge will be choosing which school (attend). (所给词的适当形式填空) 46．The govermment, however, does not intend (stop) the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared. (所给词的适当形式填空) 47．As Buddhism was popular in China during the Tang Dynasty (618-907), there was a strong need (produce) a large amount of Buddhist works, and copying by hand could not meet the rising demand. (所给词的适当形式填空) 48．As long as you choose the right person (marry), you will enjoy happiness the whole life with or without a wedding party. (所给词的适当形式填空) 49．Still, it has “boundless ambition, and the courage (place) weighty issues at the heart of a kids’ film”. (所给词的适当形式填空) 50．Today, TCM is primarily used as an alternative for people (maintain) a healthy state in the US. (所给词的适当形式填空) 51．The system, overseen by China’s Minister of Emergency, is set (complete) in 2020. (所给词的适当形式填空) 52．We must also be brave enough (take) responsibility for our decision and action. (所给词的适当形式填空) 53．Architects are now looking towards the principles behind skywells while designing new buildings (save) energy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 54．Speaking at the second National Park Forum held in Xining, capital of Qinghai province, Guan said China has adopted the strictest measures (strengthen) the protection of the authenticity and integrity of the ecosystem, and promote the continuous improvement of ecological functions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 55．Working with a billion-dollar budget, he combined them (create) a work of architecture that can excite visitors as much as the art collection inside does. (所给词的适当形式填空) 56．For instance, knowledge of places where the surface-ocean microbial ecosystem is changing might be useful for identifying regions of the open ocean (set) up marine protected areas. (所给词的适当形式填空) 57．He used the ancient mortise and tenon technique (construct) the Turret of Palace Museum at a 1:81 mini-scale. (所给词的适当形式填空) 58．Students need the ability to a logical argument. The preparation for their argument is currently under .  (construct) (所给词的适当形式填空) 59．To my , they were with what we had done to the local people’s needs in the past few weeks. It was really something . (satisfy) (所给词的适当形式填空) 60．It is very difficult to the concept of beauty. Do you have a clear of it? (define) (所给词的适当形式填空) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Walking and Using a Phone is Bad for Your Health Spend time on any crowded sidewalk and you’ll see heads bent over and eyes cast downward. One recent study of college students found that a quarter of people crossing intersections 61 (absorb) in a device. That screen in your hand isn’t just distracting your attention. It also changes your mood, your manner of walking and etc. — and affects your ability to get from point A to point B 62 running into trouble. When you walk and use a phone at the same time, you automatically adjust 63 you move. Video footage of walkers has shown that people on phones walk about 10 percent slower than those undistracted ones. These changes can block traffic on the sidewalk. And 64 walking makes up a big portion of your daily physical activity, walking more slowly may have impacts for your fitness. Looking down at a smartphone while walking can also increase the amount of force 65 (place) on the neck and upper back muscles, which could reduce balance and increase the risk of falls. It’s now widely accepted that walking in natural spaces is good for your mental health. It appears that 66 (get) these benefits, it’s important that your attention is on the environment, rather than on your phone. Most of us understand that walking and using a phone can be risky. Some cities, like Honolulu, 67 (pass) laws to control distracted walkers. But research on those dangers has turned up some surprises. One study has looked at the connection between “phone-related distracted walking” and emergency department visits. Using government data 68 (extend) over the years 2011 to 2019, the researchers turned up nearly 30,000 walking injuries occasioned by phones. If you’re distracted by a phone, you’re definitely putting 69 at some risk. So how do you stay safe? If you do walk and use your device at the same time, stop when you’re around stairs, crosswalks and messy or uneven ground, 70 accidents are more likely to occur. Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. What If You’re Not Good at English? Researchers whose first language is not English can spend around twice as long reading an English scientific journal article as native speakers. For a PhD student, that can mean 71 (spend) up to 19 additional working days per year just reading papers. These statistics, 72 (publish) today in PLOS Biology, might not be shocking, researchers say, but it’s important to measure the effects of language barriers on the careers of academics   73 are not fluent in English. “It is the first step for the scientific community   74 (make) more efforts to solve this problem”, says Tatsuya Amano, a biodiversity researcher at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, and a co-author of the study. The team found that among scientists who had published only one paper in English, scientists from countries   75 English is generally poor spent 29.8 percent more time writing papers than native English speakers; 76 from countries with moderate English proficiency (能力) spent 50.6% more time. Similarly, the researchers found that people from countries with low English proficiency spent an average of 90.8 percent more time reading scientific articles   77 native English speakers. At conferences, even those who overcome obstacles face difficulties in presenting their work in English. Germana Barata, a researcher who 78 (specialize) in science communication at the State University of Campinas in Brazil, says that despite being fluent in English, she still feels uncomfortable at times. “We   79 (give) the same amount of time to present, but all that we can say in 10 minutes is different from   80 a native speaker can say,” she points out. 参考答案： 40．B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：多年来，研究人员一直试图证明电视对儿童是危险的。attempt to do sth.意为“试图做某事”，不定式作宾语，为固定搭配。故选B。 41．justify 【详解】考查动词。句意：从你的个人经验中找到相关的例子，并具体说明你的成就。此处yourself是宾语，前用动词形式，接在不定式to后，应用动词原形。故填justify。 42．to improve 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，他在著名的北京大学埋头学习汉语，然后在北京中医药大学继续他的本科学习，以提高自己的知识。空处需填非谓语动词作目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to improve。 43．to address 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水务会议。她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。句中已有谓语called，空处作非谓语动词，结合语意，address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式形式。故填to address。 44．to be riding 【详解】考查不定式的进行式。句意：一个小的人类雕像被固定在动物的头上，看起来骑着或控制着动物。根据设空前的appears可知，此处考查固定搭配appear to do sth.；再结合设空后的并列词or及后面的controlling可知，设空处要用不定式的进行式。故填to be riding。 45．to attend 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：对于在巴拿马城上高中的乔纳森·沃克来说，下一个挑战将是选择上哪所学校。空处应用动词不定式，构成“疑问词+to do”结构，作动词choosing的宾语。故填to attend。 46．to stop 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，政府并不打算停止保护计划，因为对藏羚羊的威胁还没有消失。intend to do sth是固定搭配，用不定式作宾语，意为“打算做某事”。故填to stop。 47．to produce 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：由于唐代（618-907）佛教在中国很流行，因此需要生产大量的佛教作品，手工复制无法满足日益增长的需求。句中已有谓语动词“was”，故空处需填非谓语动词，结合句意可知，有生产大量的佛教作品的需要，句中need是名词，表示“需要，需求”，后接动词不定式形式作后置定语。故填to produce。 48．to marry 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：只要你选对了结婚的人，不管有没有婚礼，你都会享受一生的幸福。分析句子结构可知，从句中已有谓语动词“choose”，故空处需填非谓语动词，在the right+名词结构中，后接动词不定式作后置定语。故填to marry。 49．to place 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：尽管如此，它仍有“无限的野心，以及将重大问题置于儿童电影核心的勇气”。句中已有谓语动词“ has”，故空处需填非谓语动词，结合句意可知，它有将重大问题置于儿童电影核心的勇气，place需用不定式形式作名词courage的后置定语。故填to place。 50．to maintain 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，在美国，中医主要被用作人们保持健康状态的另一种选择。由空前alternative名词可知，此处为动词不定式to do作后置定语，为惯用表达an alternative to do (做……的一种选择)。故填to maintain。 51．to be completed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该系统由中国紧急事务部长监管，计划于2020年完工。根据短语be set to do sth.“安排做某事，计划做某事”可知，此处应用不定式，逻辑主语system和动词complete之间为被动关系，故填入不定式的被动形式。故填to be completed。 52．to take 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们也必须有足够的勇气为我们的决定和行动负责。当我们变得独立时，我们才会真正成熟。根据句意可知，空处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“有足够的勇气的目的是为了为决定和行动负责”，故填to take。 53．to save 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：建筑师们在设计新建筑以节约能源的同时，也在寻找天井背后的原理。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“are looking”，故空处需填非谓语动词，结合句意可知，设计新建筑的目的是节约能源，故用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to save。 54．to strengthen 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：Guan在青海省省会西宁举行的第二届国家公园论坛上说，中国采取了最严格的措施来加强对生态系统真实性和完整性的保护，促进生态功能的不断改善。从句中已有谓语动词“has adopted”，故空处需填非谓语动词，结合句意可知，中国采取了最严格的措施是为了加强对生态系统的保护，故此空应填不定式作目的状语。故填to strengthen。 55．to create 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在10亿美元的预算下，他将它们结合在一起，创造了一件建筑作品，它可以像里面的艺术收藏一样让游客兴奋不已。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“combined”，故空处需填非谓语动词，结合语意可知，他将它们结合在一起，是为了创造一件建筑作品，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to create。 56．to set 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，了解海洋表面微生物生态系统正在发生变化的地方，可能有助于确定开放海洋的区域，以建立海洋保护区。“(set) up marine protected areas”是“identifying regions of the open ocean”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to set。 57．to instruct 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他运用古代的榫卯技术，按1：81的小比例雕刻了故宫的角楼。空格处作目的状语，应用动词不定式形式。故填to instruct。 58． construct construction 【详解】考查非谓语动词及名词。句意：学生需要构建逻辑论证的能力。他们争论的准备工作目前正在进行中。分析句子结构可知，第一个设空处位于the ability抽象名词后需使用不定式作后置定语，其中不定式符号to已给出，第二个设空处位于介词后，需使用名词作宾语，故填①construct；②construction。 59． satisfaction satisfied satisfy satisfying 【详解】考查名词、形容词和非谓语动词。句意：令我满意的是，他们对我们在过去几周里为满足当地人民的需求所做的工作感到满意。这真的很令人满意。第一空作介词To的宾语，空前有my，应用名词satisfaction，意为“满意”，固定短语to one’s satisfaction意为“令某人满意的是”；第二空作表语，描述主语they的心理感受，应用形容词satisfied，意为“感到满意的”，固定短语be satisfied with意为“对……感到满意”；第三空和空前的to构成不定式，作目的状语，应用satisfy“满足”的原形；第四空作something的后置定语，描述其性质，应用形容词satisfying，意为“令人满意的”。故填①satisfaction；②satisfied；③satisfy；④satisfying。 60． define definition 【详解】考查动词和名词。句意：很难定义美的概念。你对它有明确的定义吗？第一空，动词不定式符号后应用动词原形define“下定义”；第二空，空处应填名词definition“定义”在句中作宾语。故填①define；②definition。 61．were absorbed 62．without 63．how 64．if/since 65．placed 66．to get 67．have passed 68．extending 69．yourself 70．where 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了在任何一个拥挤的人行道上，你都会看到人们低下头，眼睛向下看。最近一项针对大学生的研究发现，四分之一的人在过十字路口时会全神贯注地玩手机。 61．考查固定短语。句意：最近一项针对大学生的研究发现，四分之一的人在过十字路口时会全神贯注地玩手机。短语be absorbed in表示“全神贯注于……”，此处主句found可知为一般过去时，从句用一般过去时，主语为a quarter of people，谓语用复数。故填were absorbed。 62．考查介词。句意：它还会改变你的情绪，你走路的方式等等，并影响你从A点到B点而不遇到麻烦的能力。后跟动名词作宾语，表示“不”应用介词without。故填without。 63．考查宾语从句。句意：当你一边走路一边使用手机时，你会自动调整你的移动方式。引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，故填how。 64．考查状语从句。句意：如果/既然步行占你日常体育活动的很大一部分，那么走得慢一点可能会对你的健康产生影响。此处可理解为条件状语从句，表示“如果”应用if；或理解为原因状语从句，表示“既然”用since。故填if/since。 65．考查非谓语动词。句意：走路时低头看智能手机也会增加施加在脖子和上背部肌肉上的力量，这会降低平衡能力，增加跌倒的风险。此处place与force构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填placed。 66．考查非谓语动词。句意：看来，为了获得这些好处，你的注意力应该放在环境上，而不是手机上。此处get在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to get。 67．考查时态。句意：一些城市，如檀香山，已经通过了法律来控制分心的行人。表示过去发生的动作对现在产生影响用现在完成时，主语为cities，助动词用have。故填have passed。 68．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员利用2011年至2019年的政府数据，发现了近3万起由手机引起的步行损伤。此处extend与date构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填extending。 69．考查代词。句意：如果你被手机分散了注意力，你肯定会把自己置于危险之中。结合语境，此处指“你自己”应用反身代词yourself。故填yourself。 70．考查定语从句。句意：如果你一边走路一边使用电子设备，在楼梯、人行横道和杂乱或不平整的地面附近停下来，因为这些地方更容易发生事故。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词stairs, crosswalks and messy or uneven ground，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 71．spending 72．published 73．who/that 74．to make 75．where 76．those 77．than 78．specializes/is specialized 79．are given 80．what 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了母语不是英语的研究人员阅读一篇英语科学期刊文章的时间大约是母语人士的两倍。对于一名博士生来说，这可能意味着每年要多花19个工作日来阅读论文。 71．考查非谓语动词。句意：对于一名博士生来说，这可能意味着每年要多花19个工作日来阅读论文。固定短语mean doing sth.表示“意味着做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填spending。 72．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员说，今天发表在《公共科学图书馆·生物学》上的这些统计数据可能并不令人震惊，但衡量语言障碍对英语不流利的学者的职业生涯的影响是很重要的。分析句子结构可知，publish与statistics构成被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填published。 73．考查定语从句。句意：研究人员说，今天发表在《公共科学图书馆·生物学》上的这些统计数据可能并不令人震惊，但衡量语言障碍对英语不流利的学者的职业生涯的影响是很重要的。此处是限定性定语从句，修饰先行词academics，关系词在从句作主语，指人，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 74．考查非谓语动词。句意：澳大利亚布里斯班昆士兰大学的生物多样性研究员、该研究的合著者Tatsuya Amano说：“这是科学界为解决这个问题付出更多努力的第一步。”此处名词step由序数词修饰，常跟动词不定式，作后置定语。故填to make。 75．考查定语从句。句意：研究小组发现，在只用英语发表过一篇论文的科学家中，来自英语普遍较差的国家的科学家比母语为英语的科学家多花29.8%的时间写论文；来自英语水平中等国家的学生花费的时间多50.6%。此处是限定性定语从句，修饰先行词countries，关系词在从句作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 76．考查代词。句意：研究小组发现，在只用英语发表过一篇论文的科学家中，来自英语普遍较差的国家的科学家比母语为英语的科学家多花29.8%的时间写论文；来自英语水平中等国家的学生花费的时间多50.6%。此处指代上文scientists，应用代词those。故填those。 77．考查介词。句意：同样，研究人员发现，来自英语水平较低国家的人阅读科学文章的时间平均比以英语为母语的人多90.8%。根据上文“more time”可知，此处为比较关系，应用介词than，故填than。 78．考查时态。句意：Germana Barata是巴西坎皮纳斯州立大学专门研究科学传播的研究员，她说尽管英语流利，但她有时仍然感到不舒服。此处可用动词specialize作谓语，根据后文says可知，应用一般现在时，定语从句与先行词保持一致，用三单形式；或用短语be specialized in表示“专门从事于”。故填specializes或is specialized。 79．考查时态语态。句意：她指出：“我们有同样的时间来演讲，但我们在10分钟内所能说的与母语人士所能说的是不同的。”主语we与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填are given。 80．考查宾语从句。句意：她指出：“我们有同样的时间来演讲，但我们在10分钟内所能说的与母语人士所能说的是不同的。”此处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$