从宾语从句到名词性语从句 讲义-2024-2025学年初升高衔接英语

从宾语从句到名词性从句 一 初中知识回顾：宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中充当宾语，可以作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。 1.宾语从句的语序：无论主句是什么句式，宾语从句必须是陈述句语序。 即主语在前，谓语动词在后。 如：I don’t know who he is. 我不知道他是谁。 2引导词 引导词 作用 例句 that 在从句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式文体中常可省略。 I believe（that）he is true.我相信他是对的。 whether/if 意为“是否”，在从句中不作任何成分，不能省略 He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher. What,which, who,whose,whom 连接代词，在从句中充当一定的成分（作主语，宾语，定语等） I don’t know what they are going to do. When,where,why,how 连接副词，在从句中通常作状语 Could you tell me where you are going? 3. if和whether, 一般情况下，二者可以通用，但有特殊情况 只能用whether不能用if： ①在动词不定式前。 如：I don’t decide whether to stay.我还没决定是否留下来。 ②从句中有or not时。 如：I wonder whether he will come or not.我想知道他来不来。 ③从句作介词的宾语时。 如：It depends on whether he has time.这取决于他是否有时间。 ④当从句位于句首时。 如：Whether it is true or not，I don’t know.我不知道这是不是对。 ⑤用if发生歧义时。 如：Could you tell me whether you know the the answer？能否告诉我你是否知道答案？ 当宾语从句是否定句时，一般用if。 如：I don’t care if it isn’t a fine day.我不在乎天气是否好。 4．宾语从句的时态 宾语从句中的时态由主句的时态决定，一般有下面几种情况： ①如果主句的时态是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句可根据实际情况使用任何时态。 Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?你能告诉我怎样去火车站吗？ I want to know whether she will visit the museum with me tomorrow.我想知道她明天是否和我一起去参观博物馆。 I want to know whether she visited the museum yesterday.我想知道她昨天是否去参观博物馆了。 ②如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用过去的相关时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。 He asked if you had written to Peter. 他问你是否给彼得写信了。 ③如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理、自然现象、科学原理或格言警句，其时态常用一般现在时。 Our teacher said that January is the first month of a year. 我们老师说，一月是一年中的第一个月。 5．其他注意事项 （1）否定前移 当主句的主语是第一人称I／we，谓语动词是think，believe，suppose等时，其后的that宾语从句如果表示否定意义，not应前置来否定主句谓语，这叫“否定前移”。 I don't believe he will come.我相信他不会来。 （2）it作形式宾语 ①一些动词如 appreciate，find，feel，think，consider，believe，guess，suppose，make等后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of water every day. 我认为我们有必要每天喝大量的水。 ②一些动词如hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike等后接宾语从句时，常在从句前面加it。 I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of food. 我不喜欢人们说话的时候满嘴食物。 （3）doubt后跟宾语从句 动词doubt在疑问句或否定句中时，宾语从句常用that引导，在肯定句中时，常用whether／if引导。 I didn't doubt that Gray would seek aid from other organizations. 我丝毫不怀疑格雷会向其他机构求助。 I doubted whether Gray would seek aid from other organizations.我怀疑格雷是否会向其他机构求助。 （4） 宾语从句有时为感叹句 I realized what useful advice he gave me . I realized how useful the advice was. （5）当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，除第一个从句的that可省略外，其他都不可省略。 He told me (that) the power would be cut off and that I should get ready. 他告诉我电源将被切断，我应该做好准备。 即时训练1 1. I don’t know_________ he will come or not this afternoon． 2. —What did your P.E．teacher say about your high jump at the sports meeting？ —He said that I _________better. A. could do B.have done C.will do 3.Tom was not listening carefully，so he failed to hear ___________. A.what the teacher said B.how the teacher said C.what did the teacher say D.how did the teacher say 4. The Chinese people are proud of ________they have achieved in the past ten years. 5.He said that the sun ________(be) bigger than the earth. 6. We all know _______ Tom is a good teacher. 答案 1 whether 2 A 3 A 4 what 5 is 6 that 2. 高中知识衔接 名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句。 知识点一 ：主语从句 在主从复合句中充当主语的句子就叫主语从句。 That the earth goes round the sun is well-known to everybody. 地球绕太阳转是众所周知的。 1．主语从句的连接词 主语从句的常用连接词有that与whether。另外还有连接代词 what，which，who，whom及连接副词when，where，how，why等。 连接词 说明 例句 that 无实义，在从句中不充当成分，位于句首不可省略。 That he will come and help you is certain. 他会来帮你是肯定的。 whether 在从句中不充当成分， 表“是否”的含义 Whether there is life on the moon is a question. 月球上是否有生命是个问题。 what，which，who，whom，whatever, whichever, Whoever, Whomever， whose 有词义，在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语 What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他想告诉我们什么还不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁将赢得比赛还不知道。 when Where why how 有词义，在从句中充当状语 Where the English Evening will be held has not been announced yet. 英语晚会在哪里举行还没有通知。 2．为了避免头重脚轻，通常用it作形式主语，把主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。形式主语常用句式有： （1）It＋be＋形容词＋that从句 It is necessary that everybody should have a healthy diet and exercise regularly. 每个人都应该有健康的饮食和规律的锻炼是必要的。 （2）It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句 It is said that she is going to study abroad after she graduates from Lanzhou University. 据说她从兰州大学毕业后要出国留学。 （3）It＋be＋名词＋that从句 It is a pity that such an educated and qualified graduate cannot find a job. 遗憾的是，这样一个受过良好教育的优秀毕业生找不到工作。 即时训练2 1. ________frightened me was a loud noise from the next room. 2. __________the ceremony will be held in Japan is not known yet. 3. _______is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 4. _________breaks the law should be punished. 5. ________they will come or not won’t make much difference. 答案 1 What 2 When 3 It 4 Whoever 5 Whether 知识点二 ：表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫作表语从句。 The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。 1 表语从句的连接词 说明 例句 that 无实义，在从句中不充当成分，不可省略 The problem is that they can't get here early enough.问题是他们不能早早到达这里。 whether 在从句中不充当成分，表“是否”的含义 The question was whether Tom has gone to Shanghai. 问题是汤姆是否到上海去了。 as if as though “好像”，引导表语从句时一般用虚拟语气 Now it was as though she had known Millie for years. 现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。 what，which， who，whom， whatever, whichever, Whoever, Whomever， whose 有词义，在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语 That’s just what I want.那就是我想要的。 The question is who will be the next speaker. 问题是谁会是下一个演讲者。 when, where, why, how 有词义，在从句中充当状语 This is where our problem lies. 这是我们的问题所在。 The reason why he didn't come to school yesterday was that he was ill. 昨天他没有来上学的原因是他病了。 because “因为” ——Why are you so sad? ——That is because he doesn’t understand me./ The reason is that he doesn’t understand me. 我难过的原因是他不理解我。 注意：名词reason作主语时，表语从句用that而不用because或why引导。 2．表语从句常见的固定句型有： （1）This／That／It is because＋原因．．．这是因为······（强调原因） （2）That／This／It is why＋结果．．． 那就是······的原因（强调结果） （3）The reason why．．． is that．．．······的原因是······ 即时训练3 1. What is troubling me is ________I don’t understand what he said. 2. That is _________our differences lie. 3. That is __________I lived when I was ten years old. 4. I think that you feel ill is ________ you are eating too much. 5. Things were not _________they seemed to be. 答案 1 that 2 where 3 where 4 because 5 what 知识点三 ：同位语从句 1 同位语从句用来说明前面名词或代词的具体内容。常用的名词有fact，news，idea，hope，thought，order，word，question等。 关联词 说明 例句 that 不充当成分，无实义，用来陈述中心词的内容，不能省略 The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world. 他登陆月球的消息传遍了全世界。 whether “是否”，不能省略 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须就他是否同意这个问题做出回答。 What，which，who，whom，whose 有词义 Have you any idea what time it starts? when, where, why, how 有词义 I have no idea when we met for the first time. 我不知道我们初次相见是什么时候。 2．同位语从句的常见固定句型有： News came that... 消息传来说···· The story／saying goes that...据说······；常言道······ News came that Paul was appointed as the monitor. 消息传来说保罗被任命为班长。 The story goes that William Tell did kill the king. 故事流传说威廉·泰尔确实杀了国王。 3．同位语从句与定语从句的区别 同位语从句是对名词加以补充说明；而定语从句“修饰、限定”先行词，“关系词”替代先行词，在从句中充当句子成分。 We are delighted at the news that we are going to spend our summer vacation abroad. 听到我们将在国外度过暑假的消息，我们非常高兴。（that从句是news的具体内容，故是同位语从句） All of us didn't show any interest in the news that John told us yesterday. 我们所有人对约翰昨天告诉我们的消息都不感兴趣。（news作told的宾语，故是定语从句） 即时训练4 1. There is no possibility_________Bob can win the first prize in the match. 2. The question remains__________we should accept their invitation. 3. Dad made a promise __________he would buy me a new iPad if I passed the English test. 4. I have no doubt________we shall be able to do something for you. 5. The idea __________all people are selfish is wrong. 答案 1 that 2 whether 3 that 4 that 5 that 课后巩固练习 一、指出画线部分的从句类型，并翻译句子 1.What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. _______________________________________________________ 2.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that we can be entirely free from dust. _____________________________________________________________________ 3.What troubles me is that I can't learn these English idioms by heart. ___________________________________________________________________ 4.I don't believe that he has finished his work. ____________________________________________________________ 6. I have no idea when he will come back. ___________________________________________________________________ 2、 在空白处填入适当的内容（每空一词） 1.___________makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. 2.The reason why he was late was_____________ his bike broke down. 3.It's very fair in China that____________breaks the law will be punished in the end. 4.I'm wondering______________your brother can pass the exam or not. 5.Do you have any idea____________is actually going on in the classroom? 6.________they are most interested in is how they can produce more and better cars. 7. The problem with his travel plan is __________he didn't have enough time. 8. Some children tend to ignore the feelings of their parents,_________the parents do for them. 9.He often asked me the question _________the work was worth doing. 10.__________she couldn't understand was_________fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. 三阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（每空1词） I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today. This afternoon a poorly-dressed gentleman came into my restaurant. Nobody knew 1._______he was. We wondered 2.________he was so hungry. We were surprised 3.______he finished two orders of food in a very limited time. We doubted 4.__________the man was able to pay the bill. The gentleman asked 5.________ we would mind waiting for just a few minutes. Then we were shocked to see 6. __________he took out of a letter and a million pound bank note. I asked Mr. Clements 7. ________it was genuine(真正的，真诚的）. Mr. Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year. He thought 8.________the gentleman showed them couldn't be a false. 9.________a gentleman with a million pound bank note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there. I really couldn't describe 10.____________excited I was. 答案 一、指出画线部分的从句类型，并翻译句子 1．主语从句。Barbara Jones传递给她粉丝的是诚实与快乐。 2．表语从句。雨季最令人愉快的事情是我们可以完全远离尘土。 3．前面是主语从句，后面是表语从句。使我困扰的是我记不住这些英语习语。 4．宾语从句。我认为他还没有完成他的工作。 5．同位语从句。我不知道他什么时候回来。 二 在空白处填入适当的内容（每空一词） 1 What 2 that 3whoever 4whether 5what 6What 7that 8what 9whether 10What ;that 三阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（每空1词） 1．who 2．why 3.that 4. whether/if 5. whether/if 6.that 7. whether/if 8.what 9.Why 10.how 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$