Unit 3 The world of Science Using language Grammar课件-2023-2024学年高一下学期英语外研版（2019）必修第三册

必修 第三册 外研 passive beyond instance significant injure adj. 被动的 prep. 无法…… n. 例子，实例 adj. 重要的，影响深远的 v. 使受伤，弄伤 Read and speak out the Chinese immediately. Someone has asked “you” about the title of your book before. c I guess someone has asked you about the title of your book before. d People have used new inventions like 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts. a I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before. b New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. Compare the following sentences and answer the questions. the use of the active form with the subjects What has happened to “you” in sentence (a)? Who has used new inventions to make replacement hearts and bone parts in sentence (b) ? What is the difference between the two groups of sentences? Why does the author choose to use the passive form instead of the active form in the reading passage? Now let’s read more examples. the use of the passive form with the subjects Group 1 Group 2 People have used 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts. To emphasize what has been done, rather than who or what does the action 1. I'll be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst, whose new book The Age of Invention has just been published. 2. In addition, important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power. 3. I've also been told that you're an inventor yourself. 4. Nothing like this has been invented yet and I'd say we're a long way from an invention like that at the moment! 1. I'll be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst, whose new book The Age of Invention ______________________. 2. In addition, important advances _____________ in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power. 3. I _________________ that you're an inventor yourself. 4. Nothing like this ________________ yet and I'd say we're a long way from an invention like that at the moment! has just been published have been made have also been told has been invented go Ready? In what situations should passive voice be used? Situation 1: 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。 谁叫它古钢琴？ 谁造的古钢琴？ It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Situation 2: 强调动作的承受者。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人说中文了。 Situation 3: 动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。 The plan was supported by those who wished to have more chances to speak English. 这个计划得到了那些希望拥有更多讲英语机会的人们的支持。 Situation 4: 出于礼貌，不愿意说出动作执行者。 1. You are requested to attend the meeting. 请你参加会议。 2. I was told that you were not honest enough. 有人告诉我你不够诚实。 *定义； *句型结构； *用法； * 其他注意事项。 Focus on 基本用法 现在完成时的被动语态 现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动动作。表示动作已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 主语为动作的承受者，与谓语动词之间是被动关系。 (1)The door has been locked. (2)The Temple of Zhang Fei has been rebuilt. (3)These flowers have been watered, and you can go home. (4)Our classroom has been cleaned, so you needn't clean it now. 现在完成时的被动语态 定义： (1) All possible answers has been considered! (2) Over time I have been changed quite a lot. 1.肯定式： 主语 + have/has + been + v-ed+其他. 2. 否定式： 主语+have/has + not + been + v-ed +其他. (1) An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved. (2) She hasn't been told about it yet. (3) My question has not been answered. 句型结构： 3.现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问句需将 _________ 提到主语的前面。 (1) Has his bike been repaired? (2) Have the letters been posted?  4.特殊疑问句： 提问主语： 提问其他： have/has 疑问词 + have/has + been + v-ed? (1) Who has been invited? (2) Why has he been praised by his teacher? 疑问词 + 一般疑问句？ 用法例解： 1. 动作或状态始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“how long...”句型中。 (1) The machine has been repaired for two hours. (2) He has been told about it for many times. (3) How long has the car been repaired? 2. 亦可用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作。 We'll start as soon as the work has been finished. 副词的位置 (1) Such a man has hardly been believed. (2) The machine has already been repaired. 注意： 2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态 不及物动词和系动词都没有被动语态形式。但它们中的某些不及物动词虽为主动形式，却可表示被动意义。 (1) The steel feels cold. (2) The book smells old. (3) Good medicine tastes bitter. often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。 错。某些表示状态或表示关系的动词或短语只有主动语态，而无被动语态。常见的这类动词有：cost (花费), fit (适合), have (有), hold (容纳), lack (缺乏), own (占有), suit(适合), fail (失败), belong to (属于), agree with (同意)等。 e.g. (1) Taiwan belongs to China. (2) The coat cost me ¥300. 拓展：所有的及物动词都有被动语态？ The patients have been taken good care of. 3.在被动语态中，短语动词不可分割也不可省略其中的介词或副词。 1. - ______ the letter ______ to Mr. Black? - No. It’s still on the desk. A. Has; given B. Will; be given C. Was; given D. Has; been given 2. Great changes ______ in my hometown and a lot of factories ______. A. have taken place; have been set up B. have been taken place; are being set up C. are taken place; had been set up D. had taken place; will be set up 17 2. 3D-printed hamburgers have been served to customers in some restaurants in London. 3. But perhaps the most significant success that has been achieved to date is in medicine. 4. Human body parts, including a beating heart, have been made with 3D printing technology. 5. A new 3D-printed shell has been given to a turtle injured in a forest fire! Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive. P38 2 1. Many things in our lives have already been affected. 1 2 3 4 5 Imagine you are Dr Moore. Look at the pictures and tell the police about the damage and loss to your lab. Use the present perfect passive where appropriate. P39 3 My lab has been broken into. The lock on the door has been broken. The window has been broken. My two laptops have been stolen. Beakers and test tubes have been destroyed. The book case has been opened, and some files have been taken away while others have been thrown everywhere. The robot has been damaged. Possible answer! 1. Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, _______________ (show) to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. (2022全国甲卷 阅读理解B篇) 戈芬凤头鹦鹉一种原产于澳大拉西亚的小鹦鹉，具有两岁儿童的形状识别能力。 实战高考 根据句意及所给提示完成句子。 have been shown 2. Since April drinks companies ___________________ between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content. (2022全国乙卷 阅读理解D篇) 自4月以来，饮料公司被迫依据含糖量，为他们生产或进口的每一升含糖饮料支付18到24便士的价格。 实战高考 have been forced to pay 3. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program ________________ one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated. (2021新高考I卷 阅读理解C篇) 难怪会称联邦鸭子邮票计划是有史以来最成功的的保护计划之一。 实战高考 has been called 4. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range __________ poorly _______. (2019全国Ⅰ卷语法填空) 由于大部分有关北极熊生活范围的研究还很少，所以很难统计出全球北极熊的数量。 5. A 90-year-old ________________ (award)“Woman Of The Year” for being Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. (2019全国Ⅱ卷语法填空) 一位90岁老人因为是英国最年长的全职雇员而被评为“年度女性”。她仍然一周工作40个小时。 实战高考 has been studied has been awarded 6. Wildlife ________________________ in the modern age. (2019江苏完型填空) 当代野生动植物受到极大的威胁。 7. Use a fire extinguisher only if you _________________ to do so. (2018天津阅读A篇) 只有在你受过训练的前提下才可以使用灭火器。 have been trained has been greatly threatened 实战高考 24 实战高考 8. Sarah _____________________ that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. (2017全国卷Ⅲ语法填空) 莎拉被告知她可能成为英国新超模，第二年收入100万美元。 9. Already this year, 115 measles cases (麻疹病例) _________________ in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year. (2017全国卷Ⅰ阅读) 今年，美国已经报告了115例麻疹病例，去年全年为189例。 have been reported has been told/was told 25 10. (单选题)Delete the short message at once! Many a man ______ by such tricks up to now. (2020届天津市河西区英语高三二模) A. are cheated B. is cheated C. have been cheated D. has been cheated 11. (短文改错) Having informed of the activity, we put forward ideas about the contents of the poster. After a brief discussion, we agreed on the subjects of AI and 5G. (2020届安徽省皖南八校高三临门一卷) ^ been 实战高考 一、概念； 二、句型： 肯定句：主语+have/has+been+v-ed+其他. 否定句：主语+have/has+not+been + v-ed+其他. 一般疑问句: Have/Has+主语+ been+v-ed+其他？ 特殊疑问句: 提问主语：疑问词 + have/has+been+v-ed+其他？ 提问其他：疑问词 + 一般疑问句？ 三、用法： 1. 动作或状态始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去。 2. 用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作。 四、其他注意事项。 现在完成时的被动语态 注: 另附 word 文档。 点击此处链接 I. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Up to now, more than 2,000 trees _________________ (plant) by the team in this dry area. 2. It is the first time that Henry ______________ (ask) why he likes working in a library. 3. John _________ (love) singing, dancing and acting since he was a young boy. 4. So far, a new advance _______________ (make) in the control of the disease. have been planted has been asked has loved has been made 5. We won’t start the work until all the preparations _______________ (make). 6. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet ______________ (make) into at least ten different films over the past years.  7. In the last few years thousands of films __________ __________ (produce) all over the world. 8. Many buildings ______________ (build) since 1980. have been made has been made have been have been built produced Ⅱ. 将下列句子转换为被动语态。 1. Some scientists have developed a system to identify animal species. 2. Has he translated the text into English? 3. How long have you used the machine? A system has been developed by some scientists to identify animal species. Has the text been translated into English? How long has the machine been used? 4. The teacher has introduced some books to the students to help them make progress. 5. Since the early 1990s, the government has set up many power stations in the area to improve people’s lives. Some books have been introduced to the students by the teacher to help them make progress. Since the early 1990s, many power stations have been set up by the government in the area to improve people’s lives. My hometown used to be small and people lived a poor life. However, great changes have taken place in my hometown over the past ten years. A large number of big houses 1._____________. The roads leading to the town 2.________________. More trees and flowers 3.________ _______ in the village and around it, making it more beautiful. Nearly every household owns a car, which was thought to be impossible in the past. With life becoming better and better, great importance 4._______________ on children’s education. As a result, more and more students in our village 5._________________ into key universities. Ⅲ. 用方框内单词的适当形式填空。 place, plant, build, admit, widen have been built have been widened have been has been placed have been admitted planted Can you use the present perfect passive correctly? 各个击破 Homework Finish the exercises in Learning English. $$