24.选择性必修第二册Unit 3-2025年高考英语一轮复习教材核心词汇复习(PPT讲解+练习清单)(人教版2019)

2025高考英语一轮复习教材核心词汇复习(PPT讲解+练习清单)(人教版2019) 选择性必修第二册Unit 3 I.词汇默写 Ⅰ. 核心单词 1. _______________　　　n. 菜肴; 风味; 烹饪  2. _______________ n. 脾气 3. _______________ n. 品牌 4. _______________ n. 种类 5. _______________ n. 把戏; 诀窍 6. _______________ adj. 完美的 n. 理想; 完美的人(或事物) 7. _______________ adj. 基础的　n. 基本规律 8. _______________ adj. 些许的; 谦虚的 9. _______________ adv. 稍微; 有点 10. _______________ adv. 总体上　adj. 全面的 Ⅱ. 拓展单词 1. consist vi. 组成→_______________ adj. 一致的; 连续的 2. consume vt. 消费; 消耗→_______________ n. 消费者→ _______________ n. 消耗 3. elegant adj. 优雅的 →_______________ n. 优雅 4. prior adj. 先前的; 优先的 →_______________ n. 优先权 5. stable adj. 稳定的; 稳重的 →_______________ n. 稳定性 6. except prep. 除了 →_______________ adj. 特别的; 罕见的 7. minimum adj最小的; 最低(限度)的 n. 最小值 →_______________ v. 最小化 8. associate v. 联系; 联想→_______________ n. 关联; 协会 9. moderate adj. 适度的; 合理的→_______________ n. 适度; 合理 III.核心短语 1. _______________　　　　 在……之前的  2. _______________ 由……组成(或构成)  3. _______________ 切下 4. _______________ 不管; 不顾  5. _______________ 把……联系起来 6. _______________ 查阅; 涉及; 指的是  7. _______________ 向某人推荐某物  8. _______________ 用……把某物填满  9. _______________ 组成; 编造; 化妆; 弥补  10. _______________ 大量  IV.经典句式 1. 句型公式: what 引导表语从句 _______________ 人如其食(吃什么你就是什么样的人)。 2. 句型公式: that 引导同位语从句 _______________ 然而, 越来越多的证据表明, 相比油腻的食物, 糖是给健康带来不良影响的真正原因。 3. 句型公式: how 引导宾语从句 _______________ 怎么样生活以及对饮食做出正确的决定都取决于你。 参考答案 Ⅰ. 核心单词 1. cuisine 　　　n. 菜肴; 风味; 烹饪  2. temper n. 脾气 3. brand n. 品牌 4. category n. 种类 5. trick n. 把戏; 诀窍 6. ideal adj. 完美的 n. 理想; 完美的人(或事物) 7. fundamental adj. 基础的　n. 基本规律 8. modest adj. 些许的; 谦虚的 9. somewhat adv. 稍微; 有点 10. overall adv. 总体上　adj. 全面的 Ⅱ. 拓展单词 1. consist vi. 组成→consistent adj. 一致的; 连续的 2. consume vt. 消费; 消耗→consumer n. 消费者→ consumption n. 消耗 3. elegant adj. 优雅的 →elegance n. 优雅 4. prior adj. 先前的; 优先的 →priority n. 优先权 5. stable adj. 稳定的; 稳重的 →stability n. 稳定性 6. except prep. 除了 →exceptional adj. 特别的; 罕见的 7. minimum adj最小的; 最低(限度)的 n. 最小值 →minimize v. 最小化 8. associate v. 联系; 联想→association n. 关联; 协会 9. moderate adj. 适度的; 合理的→moderation n. 适度; 合理 III.核心短语 1. prior to　　　　 在……之前的  2. consist of 由……组成(或构成)  3. slice. . . off 切下 4. regardless of 不管; 不顾  5. relate. . . to  把……联系起来 6. refer to 查阅; 涉及; 指的是  7. recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物  8. stuff sth. with. . . 用……把某物填满  9. make up  组成; 编造; 化妆; 弥补  10. quantities of 大量  IV.经典句式 1. 句型公式: what 引导表语从句 You are what you eat.   人如其食(吃什么你就是什么样的人)。 2. 句型公式: that 引导同位语从句 However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar.   然而, 越来越多的证据表明, 相比油腻的食物, 糖是给健康带来不良影响的真正原因。 3. 句型公式: how 引导宾语从句 It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet.   怎么样生活以及对饮食做出正确的决定都取决于你。 II.综合练习 一、单句填空 1. Could I do some explanations? I (intend)to call on you yesterday, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave. 2. When I got to the railway station, I found I (leave) my identification card in my office. 3. There is no clear and unbiased information available for (consume). 4. Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also (learn) that it was possible for countries to work together to build a (good) tomorrow. 5. It was the second time he (make) the same mistake. 6. Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as association with others. 7. When they got to the field, the football match (start) already. 8. She was surprised to find that the train (leave) when she arrived at the train station. 9. When he （finish） his lunch, he asked for a glass of water. 10. My breakfast consists bread, jam and milk. 11. On the whole, electricity (consume) decreases during the winter. 12. The girl, when (question) why she (cheat) in the exam, just lowered her head and kept silent. 13. It was the third time one of his cars (go) up in flames. 14. Handing out (slice) oranges to thirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal. 15. Was this the first time that you (visit) Hong Kong? 16. The factory tried its best to keep pollution a minimum. 17. One day, as I looked across my room at the pile of (stuff) animals, an idea came to me. 18. It was the first time that China’s lecture (deliver) from the orbiting Chinese Space Station. 19. By the time we got to the party, the cakes and fruit （consume）. 20. Our first (prior) is to improve standards. 21. It (become) separated from Britain and Ireland by 6500 BC. 22. It was the second time that month that Jim (annoy) his mother because of his rudeness. 23. We realized we (lose) our way. 24. She said that she (see) the film before. 25. The (associate) was formed to represent the interests of women artists. 26. She had stored all her anger and eventually she exploded. 27. She is a (consist) girl in her feeling. 28. He came back yesterday, as (expect). 29. Most food webs, for instance, consist many weak links rather than a few strong ones. 30. It was the second time that the young athlete (participate) in marathon. 31. He showed the men a basket he (hang) at each end of the gym, and explained that they were going to use a round European football. 32. My suggestion is that we (set) off early tomorrow. 33. When I arrived at the station, he (leave). 34.The Neanderthals (live) alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. 35. In fact, there is a Lanzhou Beef Noodles restaurant right downstairs, which is about 100 yards from our Beijing apartment. My niece Kim came to visit us in Beijing this summer, and after visiting many fancy restaurants, she declared this bowl of noodles to be the best thing she (eat) in China ever. 36. His English teacher insisted that he (hand) in his homework tomorrow morning. 37. Their (cooperate) quickly produced results, and a few years later, they won a world championship. 38. The United Kingdom, (consist) of four countries, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, enjoys a very long history. 39. By the end of last term we the book. (finish) 40. By 1909, Picasso had (establish) himself as a painter of great talent in Paris. 41. I wasn’t sure whether Lucy (come) the next year. 42. We will start from the point we left off last time. 43. It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they (do) for me. 44. It was the first time that I (read) a book about how humans evolved. 45. Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he (offer) jobs by a dozen computer companies. 46. As a result, she says, some of the injuries (associate) with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers. 47. Improving your own （competent） really needs time, hard work and great determination. 48. No one can imagine the (elegant) of the dim sum in Guangdong. 49. She no sooner (get) to the office than she got down to writing the report. 50. He tricked the old man of 10,000 yuan. 51. In summary, what you say should be consistent what you do, otherwise others will not believe in you. 52. If Mr. Dewey (be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. 53. Costs should be kept to minimum. 54. It was the first time that she (chat)online in English. 55. The device (use) operationally some months previously. 56. (look) at the photos,illustrations,title and headings,you can guess what the reading is about. 57. The committee consists ten members. 58. I (mean)to see you off, but I was delayed by the jam. 59. In 1970，this was the longest bridge that (build) before in the remote area. 60. It was not a good thing; the contrary, it was a big mistake. 61. He (intend) to help me, but he was ill. 62. Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D. C. in a healthy way with (minimize) effort. 63. What will life consist on other planets? 64. The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of others actually understand. 65. I (intend) to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. 66. We (build) five new buildings by the end of last year. 67. By the time he (die) in 2016, Ali (recognize) as one of the greatest boxers. 68. Life consists sunshine and hard times. 69. It’s great that all the visitors who (trap) on the island were saved. 70. The United Kingdom (consist) of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 71. Jones got the idea after he (talk) with an elderly lady who (cheat) of her money. 72. During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local food his friends (recommend). 73. The professor was very unhappy when she sold her house. After all, she (live) in it for a long time. 74. Just as importantly, we tend （associate）air with health care. 75. The troops went to the forest in search of the pilot who （survive）the air crash. 76. The robbers (run) away before the policemen arrived. 77. I like Mr Miner’s speech;it was clear and the point. 78. All the wheat had been (gather) in before it rained. 79. It was the third time that he (organize) such a meaningful activity. 80. He is one of the top (chef) in Britain. 二、语法填空 1 Most people relate "You are what you eat." To healthy eating. It 81 （actual）refers to personality, character, and culture, Chinese cuisine is a case in point. When introduced to America, it 82 （change）to suit American tastes, which tells us Americans like trying new foods. Later, I visited China and 83 （experience）authentic Chinese food. In Beijing, we ate in a restaurant where the chef treated us to dinner 84 （consist）of Sichuan peppercorns. It was wonderful but what was even more important was the friendship. In Shandong Province, we had 85 （boil）dumplings with vinegar. I found making dumplings is always an affair with the whole family. In South China and central China, I experienced local dishes from Guangdong's elegant dim sum to the 86 （exception）stewed noodles in Henan. Through food, Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness. At 87 minimum, the kinds of food 88 （consume）by local people tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, and 89 they like and do not like. All in all, culture and cuisine go hand 90 hand, and if you do not experience one, you can never really know the other. 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As Chinese traditions go, few things are 91 (good) than sitting around a steaming hotpot in winter of northern China. Archaeological studies support the claim that Kublai Khan, the 92 (found) of the Yuan Dynasty, invented mutton hotpot. For a long time, only the upper classes could get their hands on mutton hotpot. It was also 93 (extraordinary) popular among many royal families of the Qing Dynasty. And according to the record, Emperor Qianlong was a true hotpot lover. Among vegetables and meat spread out on the dinner table, mutton has been placed in the center. Many diners believe mutton has the medical effect of warming the body, 94 (make) it an ideal food for the colder months. Many folk customs favor mutton over beef in part because in the past, cattle 95 (consider) much more important as a means 96 production. Traditional Beijing instant boiled mutton, 97 many southerners think tasteless, is known for its simplicity. It has no mouthwatering hotpot soup base, just plain water with some scallion and ginger (葱和姜) slices 98 (add). Thus, the quality of the mutton plays a major role in the hotpot experience. Nowadays, mutton hotpot has become one of 99 favorite cuisines of the Chinese, with 100 (technology) development in mutton production allowing for year-round supplies of fresh meat across the country. 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The new rules in the United Kingdom, 101 (design) to support the nation to make healthier choices, will stop retailers (零售商) from offering promotions such as “buy one get one free” or “3 for 2” on food and drinks high 102 fat, salt or sugar. Besides, free refills of sugary soft drinks 103 (ban) in the eating-out sector soon. 104 (health) promotions will also no longer be featured in key locations, such as at checkouts, store entrances and their online equivalents. Promotions often appear to help shoppers save money. However, data shows that these 105 (deal) actually increase purchases of promoted products by almost 20%. They encourage people to buy more than they need or intended to buy in 106 first place. “We know families want 107 (present) with healthier choices. This is 108 we are limiting promotions and 109 (introduce) a range of measures to make sure the health choice is the easy choice,” public health minister Jo Churchill said. “Creating the very environment 110 helps everyone eat healthier food is important to improving the health of the nation. 4 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Time and time again we’re told breakfast is the most important meal of the day. It 111 (say) that you should eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince, and dinner like a pauper — and a new research proves just that now. Regardless of whether you’re looking to lose weight 112 not, scientists have conducted a study that underpins the value of eating enough at breakfast time. While a large majority of busy workers will pick up a banana 113 (eat) fast on their commute (通勤), or skip breakfast entirely, the study has found that those who eat a big breakfast compared to a large dinner may burn 114 (two) as many calories throughout the day. The article, 115 (publish) in the Endocrine Society’s Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, looked into diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT), 116 is the process our body goes through when digesting food and the energy it expends. It’s 117 measure of how well our metabolism (新陈代谢) is working, which is 118 (general) slower in the evening due to our body clocks. The study’s author, Juliane Richter of University of Lübeck in Germany, said: “Our results show that a meal eaten for breakfast, regardless of the amount of calories it contains, creates higher 119 (consume) of calories by diet-induced thermogenesis.” This finding is 120 significance for all people as it underlines the value of eating enough at breakfast. 5 阅读下面短文，在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式(1-3词)。 A leaf fell into the water and changed the taste of it. Therefore, tea was born. China is known 121 the home of tea. Since ancient times, tea 122 (exist) in Chinese culture, leaving its aroma in poetry and customs. Many tea lovers enjoy tea not just for its flavor, 123 also for the beauty of tea ceremonies. 124 (pick) tea leaves is an important spring activity in the Yangtze River basin in South China. The earliest tea is often ready to be picked before Qingming, 125 the temperature begins to rise and rainfall increases. This precious small output of tea is called Mingqian tea. East China’s Zhejiang province is 126 (wide) acknowledged as a major producer of tea. White Tea in Huzhou city’s Anji county and West Lake Longjing Tea in Hangzhou are two famous teas in both China and abroad. In spring, local hillsides 127 (fill) with tea workers sowing seeds on their land. Many tourists like the beautiful scenery of tea farms, while 128 (enjoy) a freshly brewed cup of tea. Tea has also been a carrier for cultural exchanges. Along with China’s silk, tea was one of the first 129 (product) to receive worldwide trade. Traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China were placed on 130 Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2022. 参考答案 一、 1. had intended 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：我能解释一下吗?昨天我本来打算去看你的，但正当我要走的时候有人来看我。结合句意表示“本打算做某事”应用had intended to do，是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与此类似的表达有had planned/expected/wanted等。故填had intended。 2. had left 【解析】考查时态。句意：当我到达火车站时，我发现我把身份证忘在我的办公室了。“leave”的动作发生在“found”之前，表示“过去的过去”，所以此处要用过去完成时。故填had left。 3. consumers 【解析】考查名词。句意：消费者无法获得清晰、公正的信息。分析句子，设空处使用consume的名词consumer作宾语，意为“消费者”，此处表示复数意义。故填consumers。 4. learnt better 【解析】考查动词和形容词。句意：各国不仅找到了一条不践踏过去遗迹的未来之路，而且还认识到，各国可以共同努力，建设更美好的明天。分析句子，第一空中使用过去分词与空前的had构成过去完成时，表示动作发生在过去之前，故用learnt；第二空中表示“更好的”使用比较级，将明天与当下进行比较，故使用good的比较级，即better。故答案为learnt；better。 5. had made 【解析】考查时态。句意：这是他第二次犯同样的错误。在It/This was the first/second/third…time+ that…句型中，从句常用过去完成时。故填had made。 6. in 【解析】考查介词。句意：每个人都有权单独拥有财产，也有权与他人共同拥有财产。in association with为固定搭配，表示“与……联合，与……一起”，符合题意。故填in。 7. had started 【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。句意：当他们到达球场时，足球比赛已经开始了。设空处在句中作谓语，且动作发生在从句的谓语动作之前，应用过去完成时，即had done形式。故填had started。 8. had left 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当她到达火车站时，她惊讶地发现火车已经开走了。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词leave发生在when引导 的时间状语从句谓语动词arrived之前，所以用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。故填had left。 9. had finished 【解析】考查动词。句意：他吃完午饭后，要了一杯水。分析句子，设空处应该使用动词作谓语，此处表示的是动作发生在asked之前，即表示动作发生在过去的过去。故应该使用过去完成时。故填had finished。 10. of 【解析】考查介词。句意：我的早餐由面包、果酱和牛奶组成。consist of...为固定短语，意为“由……组成”，符合句意。故填of。 11. consumption 【解析】考查名词。句意：总的来说，冬季用电量减少。分析句子可知，提示词在句中作主语，用名词consumption，意为“消耗”，不可数名词。故填consumption。 12. questioned had cheated 【解析】考查时态，语态和省略。句意：当被问到为什么考试作弊时，那个女孩只是低下头沉默不语。when引导的时间状语从句意为“当她被问到为什么考试作弊时”，她是被问，由lowered可知，时态用一般过去时，因此“当她被问到”用一般过去时的被动语态，是when she was questioned，主句主语和从句主语一致，且从句中有be动词，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此第一空是questioned；第二空是宾语从句的谓语动词，由lowered是过去式可知，她作弊发生在lowered之前，因此第二空用过去完成时，即had cheated。故填questioned，had cheated。 13. had gone 【解析】考查动词时态和固定句型。句意：这是他的汽车第三次着火了。分析句子结构可知应填谓语动词的形式。It was the third time that…意为“这是某人第三次做……”，为固定句型，that从句谓语动词应用过去完成时。故填had gone。 14. sliced 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：给口渴的孩子们分发切成片的橙子就像看着自己的孩子进球一样令人兴奋。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“can be”且句中无连词，故应用slice的非谓语动词形式，slice意为“把……切成片”，动词词性，根据句意可知，“把……切成片”的动作已经完成，强调动作已经完成，故应用slice的过去分词sliced，在句中作定语修饰oranges。故填sliced。 15. had visited 【解析】考查时态和固定句型。句意：这是你第一次来香港吗？This was the first time that sb. had done sth.是固定句型，意为“这是某人第一次做某事”，因此空格处是had visited。故填had visited。 16. at 【解析】考查介词。句意：这家工厂尽力把污染控制在最低限度。at a minimum表示“在最低限度”，故填at。 17. stuffed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一天，当我在房间的另一头看着那堆填充动物玩具时，我突然想到了一个主意。分析句子可知，句子为as引导的时间状语从句，从句中有谓语动词“looked across”且句中无连词，故应用stuff的非谓语动词形式，stuff意为“填充”，动词词性，与animals之间为逻辑上的被动关系，且强调动作已经完成，故应用stuff的过去分词stuffed作定语修饰animals，“stuffed animals”意为“填充动物玩具”。故填stuffed。 18. had been delivered 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这是中国的演讲首次在中国轨道空间站进行。分析句子可知，此处考查固定句型“It was the first time that...”意为“这是第一次……”，该句型中从句要用过去完成时，即had done结构，分析句子可知，空处在此处作谓语，与主语之间是被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been delivered。 19. had been consumed 【解析】考查时态时态语态。句意：到我们到达派对的时候，蛋糕和水果都吃完了。分析句子可知，设空处应是谓语部分，结合语意及“By the time we got to the party”可知此处应是过去完成时，表示动作发生在“过去的过去”，“cakes and fruit”和“consume ”之间的关系为被动关系。故填had been consumed。 20. priority 【解析】考查名词。句意：我们的首要任务是提高标准。空处需用名词作主语；prior对应的名词为priority“首要事情，优先事项”；由空后is可知，空处名词需用单数。故填priority。 21. had become 【解析】考查时态。句意：到公元前6500年时，它就与英国和爱尔兰分离开了。 根据句意及该句的时间状语“by 6500BC”（到公元前6500年时）可知，该句要用过去完成时。故填had become。 22. had annoyed 【解析】考查时态。句意：这个月已经是吉姆第二次因为粗鲁而惹母亲生气了。“It was the+序数词 time that...”是固定句型， that从句中的谓语动词应该使用过去完成时，故填had annoyed。 23. had lost 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我们意识到我们迷路了。realized后面是省略了that的宾语从句，缺少谓语动词，lose发生在realized之前，表示“过去的过去”，使用过去完成时。故填had lost。 24. had seen 【解析】考查时态。句意：她说她以前看过这部电影。根据句意和句中的before可知，从句中的谓语动词see的动作发生在主句谓语动词said的动作之前，表示“过去的过去”，所以从句中应该用过去完成时。故填had seen。 25. association 【解析】考查名词。句意：该协会的成立是为了代表女艺术家的利益。空处用于定冠词the之后，应用名词association作主语，表示“协会”，为可数名词，根据空后的was formed可知，名词应用单数形式作句子主语。故填association。 26. up 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：她积蓄了所有的愤怒，最终爆发了。分析句子，had stored为过去完成时。句中store up为固定搭配，意为“存储，积蓄”。故填up。 27. consistent 【解析】考查形容词。句意：她是个感情始终如一的女孩。根据空格后的名词girl可知，此处应用consist的形容词consistent，作定语修饰名词。故填consistent。 28. had been expected 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他昨日如期返回。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句内容，与expect为被动关系，且主句为一般过去时，从句谓语动词动词的动作expect应该发生在主句谓语动词的动作came back之前，所以此处用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been expected。 29. of 【解析】考查介词。句意：比如，大多数食物网都是由许多微弱的联系而不是由一些牢固的联系组成的。consist of是固定短语，意为“由……组成”。故填of。 30. had participated 【解析】考查时态。句意：这是这位年轻运动员第二次参加马拉松比赛。根据句中所含句型It is/was the firs/second...time that...（某人第几次做某事）可知，that从句中应该用完成时，根据句中的was可知，该句子应该用过去完成时。故填had participated。 31. had hung 【解析】考查过去完成时；句意：他向队员们展示了他在体育馆两端悬挂的一个篮子，并解释说他们将使用一个圆形的欧洲足球。根据所给句子分析可知，此处“basket”为先行词，被后面的定语从句修饰，即此处展示他之前“悬挂”的篮子，根据谓语动词“showed”可知，此处“悬挂”发生在showed之前，因此“悬挂”的时态为“过去的过去”即“过去完成时”。故填had hung。 32. (should) set 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我建议我们明天早点出发。suggestion“建议”，其后出现表语从句解释其内容时，从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可省略，故填（should）set。 33. had left 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我到车站时，他已经走了。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据从句谓语动词arrived可知，此处应为过去时态，结合句意，leave发生在arrived之前，所以此处使用过去完成时，且与主语he之间为主动关系。故填had left。 34. lived/had lived/had been living 【解析】考查时态。句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语，结合语意，尼安德特人生活在欧洲这一动作发生在过去，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式lived；或表示live这一动作发生在灭绝之前，表示“过去的过去”，使用过去完成时had lived；或强调live这一动作是一直正在进行的，使用过去完成进行时had been living。故填lived/had lived/had been living。 35. had eaten 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：事实上，楼下就有一家兰州牛肉面店，离我们北京的公寓大约100码。我的侄女Kim今年夏天来北京看我们，在逛了很多高档餐馆之后，她说这碗牛肉面是她在中国吃过的最好的东西。分析句子，设空处用动词作谓语，根据前文的 she declared 以及句意可知，此处表示的是动作发生在declared之前，故使用过去完成时。故填had eaten。 36. hand 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他的英语老师坚持要求他明天上午交作业。此处 insist意为“坚持要求”, 其后的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气，从句谓语应用“should+动词原形”， should可省略。故填hand。 37. cooperation 【解析】考查名词。句意：他们的合作很快就有了成果，几年后，他们赢得了世界冠军。根据空前的their可知，空中应该填名词，故答案为cooperation。 38. consisting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：英国由英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰四个国家组成，历史悠久。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词enjoys，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，The United Kingdom和consist为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填consisting。 39. had finished 【解析】考查时态。句意：到上学期末，我们已经读完了这本书。根据时间状语by the end of last term可知，句子要用过去完成时态，其结构为had done。故填had finished。 40. established 【解析】考查时态。句意：到1909年，毕加索已成为巴黎一位极有才华的画家。由had可知，本句用过去完成时，所以此处谓语动词应用过去分词与had构成过去完成时，故填established。 41. would come 【解析】考查过去将来时，句意：我不确定明年露西是否会来。由主句中wasn’t sure可知，主句为一般过去时，根据从句中时间状语“the next year”，可知，从句表示的是过去将要发生的动作，所以该句为过去将来时，因此从句的谓语动词使用过去将来时would+动词原形。故填would come。 42. where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意： 我们将从上次停止的地方开始。空处引导定语从句，先行词the point，指抽象地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 43. had done 【解析】考查时态。句意：我花了很长时间才完全理解他们为我所做的一切。从句的动作发生主句过去动作之前，所以用过去完成时。根据句意，故填had done。 44. had read 【解析】考查时态。句意：这是我第一次读到关于人类进化的书。本题考查固定句型“It was the first time that+主语+过去完成时态”，意为“某人第一次做了某事”。故填had read。 45. had been offered 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：Mark是个天才。到他毕业的时候，已经有十几家电脑公司向他提供了工作机会。主语he和动词offer之间是被动关系，结合时间状语By the time he graduated可知，此处应用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been offered。 46. associated 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，她说，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。分析句子，空处作后置定语，修饰injuries，固定短语be associated with意为“与……有关”，作定语时直接去掉be，填写过去分词形式即可。故填associated。 47. competence 【解析】考查名词。句意：提高自己的能力确实需要时间、努力和坚定的决心。在形容词性物主代词后应用名词。名词competence意为“本领，能力”。故填competence。 48. elegance 【解析】考查名词。句意：没有人能想象广东点心的优雅。提示词作宾语，用名词elegance，意为“优雅”，不可数名词。故填elegance。 49. had got 【解析】考查固定句式。句意：她一到办公室就开始写报告。在hardly/scarcely … when…和no sooner… than…句型中，主句常用过去完成时。故填①had②got。 50. out 【解析】考查介词。句意：他骗走了这位老人一万元。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语trick sb out of sth意为“骗取某人的某物”，所以此处为介词out的填入。故填out。 51. with 【解析】考查介词。句意：总之，你的言行要一致，否则别人不会相信你。be consistent with“和……一致”，固定短语，故填with。 52. had been 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果Dewey先生在场的话，他就会为那里的人提供任何可能的帮助。从主句中的“would have offered”可以看出，从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，应用过去完成时。故填had been。 53. a 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：费用应该保持在最低限度。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“keep sth. to a minimum”，意为“将……保持在最低限度”，句中把“sth.”提前，在句中作主语，句子为情态动词的被动语态，故空格处应用不定冠词a。故填a。 54. had chatted 【解析】考查时态和固定句型。句意：这是她第一次用英语在网上聊天。It is the first time + that 从句，从句要用现在完成时； It was the first time + that从句，从句要用过去完成时，故填had chatted。 55. had been used 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：该装置已在几个月前投入使用。结合句意和时间状语some months previously可知，句子应用过去完成时，use与主语The device构成逻辑上的被动关系，故本句应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been used。 56. Looking 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：看图片、插图、标题和标题，你就能猜出文章的内容。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词guess ，且空处没有连词；所以空处需用非谓语动词，动词look与主句主语you之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Looking。 57. of 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：委员会由十个成员组成。动词短语consist of意为“由……组成”符合句意。故填of。 58. had meant 【解析】考查时态。句意：我本想给你送行，但因塞车耽搁了。mean to do sth.意为“打算做某事”，根据“but I was delayed by the jam”可知，mean这一动作发生在过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。故填had meant。 59. had been built 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：1970年，这是偏远地区之前修建的最长的桥梁。分析句子结构，此句为由关系代词that引导的定语从句。先行词与从句动词build构成被动关系，结合时间状语in 1970和连词before，以及前面主句was，可知从句谓语动词用过去完成被动语态，had been built符合题意。故填had been built。 60. on 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：这不是一件好事；相反，这是一个很大的错误。根据句意可知，前后句之间是转折对比关系；on the contrary是固定短语，意为“正相反”，符合句意。故填on。 61. had intended 【解析】考查时态。句意：他本打算帮助我，但他病了。分析句子，设空处应该使用动词作谓语。此处表示的是动作发生在was ill之前，即表示过去的过去，故使用过去完成时。故填had intended。 62. minimum 【解析】考查形容词。句意：早上或下午，这个自行车之旅，对于那些想付出最小的努力以一种健康的方式体验华盛顿特区，不管是新来的人还是当地人来说，都是一次完美的旅程。 根据下文effort是一个名词可知，此处需用形容词修饰该名词，表示“最小的努力”，所以用形容词minimum作定语，意为“最小的”。故填minimum。 63. of 【解析】考查介词。句意：其他星球上的生命是由什么组成的? consist of由……组成。根据句意，故填of。 64. what 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：你想通过话语传达的信息也许正与其他人实际理解的相反。分析句子可知，介词of后的宾语从句中understand缺少宾语，表示“物”应使用连接词what。故填what。 65. had intended 【解析】考查时态。句意：我昨天本来打算要去看望你，但是来了个不速之客。hope，expect，intend，want等动词用于过去完成时表示过去未实现的希望、打算或意图。故填had intended。 66. had built 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：到去年年底，我们已经建了五栋新大楼。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据时间状语by the end of last year可知，此处应使用过去完成时，build与句子主语we之间为主动关系。故填had built。 67. died had been recognized 【解析】考查时态。句意：到2016年去世时，阿里已经被公认为最伟大的拳击手之一。“死于2016年”显然为过去时间，用一般过去时；“by+过去时间”作为时间状语时，应用过去完成时，又主语与动词recognize存在被动关系，主句应使用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been recognized。 68. of 【解析】考查介词。句意：生活由阳光和艰难岁月组成。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用动词短语consist of“由……组成”。故填of。 69. had been trapped 【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：岛上所有的游客都得救了，真是太好了。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查who引导的定语从句的谓语动词，动词trap发生在were saved之前，表示过去的过去发生的动作，所以用过去完成时，句子主语who（指先行词visitors）和动词trap是被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been trapped。 70. consists 【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：联合王国由大不列颠和北爱尔兰组成。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，consist of 只能用主动语态且本句陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时，且句子主语The United Kingdom为第三人称单数，所以谓语应使用单数形式。故填consists。 71. talked/had talked had been cheated 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：琼斯在与一位被骗了钱的老妇人交谈后产生了这个想法。第一空为时间状语从句的谓语动词，after后的动词可以发生在got之前，表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时；也可以与got时态一致，用一般过去时态。who引导的定语从句中，动词cheat与主语an elderly lady是被动关系，需用被动语态，且该动作发生在主句动作之前，指“过去的过去”，需用去完成时的被动语态。故填talked/had talked；had been cheated。 72. had recommended 【解析】考查时态。句意：在西安期间，Jerry尝试了朋友推荐的几乎所有当地食物。分析句子句子可知，此空应填从句的谓语动词，his friends和recommend为主动关系，且recommend动作发生在tried之前，所以这里应用过去完成时，表“过去的过去”。故填had recommended。 73. had lived 【解析】考查时态。句意：教授卖掉房子时很不高兴。毕竟，她在那里住了很长时间。分析句子可知，live“居住”是卖掉房子之前发生的动作，是造成她不高兴的原因，因此时态应用过去完成时，空处应用had done的形式。故填had lived。 74. to associate 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：同样重要的是，我们往往把空气与医疗联系在一起。结合句子tend to do sth.倾向于做某事。根据括号提示词associate“使关联”。故填to associate。 75. had survived 【解析】考查时态。句意：部队到森林里去寻找飞机失事中幸存的飞行员。分析句子可知，设空处为定语从句的谓语，发生在主句之前，主句为一般过去时，从句应是过去完成时，故填had survived。 76. had run 【解析】考查时态。句意：在警察到来之前，抢劫犯已经逃跑了。根据句意可知“警察到来之前，抢劫犯已经逃跑了”，也就是说“逃跑”发生在“警察到来”之前，也就是过去的过去，因此用过去完成时：had+过去分词，故填had run。 77. to 【解析】考查固定短语和介词。句意：我喜欢迈纳先生的演讲，他讲得清楚扼要。结合句意可知，表示“扼要”为固定短语to the point，to是介词。故填to. 78. had been gathered 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：下雨前，所有的小麦都收好了。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文before it rained可知为过去的过去，应用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been gathered。 79. had organized 【解析】考查时态。句意：这是他第三次组织如此有意义的活动。此处为句型it was the first/second/third time that+过去完成时。故填had organized。 80. chefs 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：他是英国最好的厨师长之一。chef为可数名词，此处为“one of+可数名词复数”结构。故填chefs。 二、 1 81. actually 82. is changed 83. experienced 84. consisting 85. boiled 86. exceptional 87. a 88. consumed 89. what 90. in 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述饮食文化，并且举例说明文化和美食是密不可分的。 81. 考查副词。句意：它实际上指的是人格、性格和文化。分析句子可知，设空处修饰动词refers，应用副词形式，故填actually。 82. 考查时态和语态。句意：当被介绍到美国时，它被改变以适应美国人的口味，这告诉我们美国人喜欢尝试新的食物。分析句子可知，描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填is changed。 83. 考查时态。句意：后来，我去了中国，品尝了正宗的中国菜。分析句子可知，设空处同visited为并列谓语，也应用一般过去时，故填experienced。 84. 考查现在分词。句意：在北京，我们在一家餐馆吃饭，厨师招待我们吃由四川花椒组成的晚餐。分析句子可知，设空处修饰名词dinner作定语，和dinner之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填consisting。 85. 考查形容词。句意：在山东，我们吃醋煮水饺。分析句子可知，设空处修饰名词dumplings作定语，意为“煮熟的”，应用形容词形式，故填boiled。 86. 考查形容词。句意：在华南和华中，我体验了当地的美食，从优雅的广东点心到出色的河南烩面。分析句子可知，设空处修饰名词stewed noodles，应用形容词形式，故填exceptional。 87. 考查固定短语。句意：至少，当地人消费的食物种类可以告诉我们他们在当地种植什么，他们过着什么样的生活，他们喜欢什么，不喜欢什么。短语At a minimum，意为“至少”，故填a。 88. 考查过去分词。句意：同上。分析句子可知，设空处修饰the kinds of food作定语，和修饰语之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填consumed。 89. 考查宾语从句。句意：同上。分析句子可知，　　9　　they like and do not like为tell的宾语，是宾语从句，设空处为连接词，在从句中作宾语，意为“什么”，故填what。 90. 考查固定短语。句意：总之，文化和美食是密不可分的，如果你不体验其中一种，你就永远不可能真正了解另一种。短语hand in hand，意为“密不可分”，根据句意，故填in。 2 91. better 92. founder 93. extraordinarily 94. making 95. were considered 96. of 97. which 98. added 99. the 100. technological 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国北方冬天吃羊肉火锅的习俗，羊肉火锅的由来，以及北京涮羊肉的特点。 91. 考查比较级。句意：在中国的传统中，没有什么比在中国北方的冬天坐在热气腾腾的火锅旁更好的了。根据空后的than可知，此处应用good的比较级better作表语。故填better。 92. 考查名词。句意：考古研究支持元朝的缔造者忽必烈汗发明了羊肉火锅的说法。分析可知，“ the 　　2　　　(found) of the Yuan Dynasty”是Kublai Khan的同位语，因此此处应用指人的名词founder“创立者”，且用单数形式。故填founder。 93. 考查副词。句意：它在清朝的许多皇室中也非常流行。根据空后的形容词可知，此处应用extraordinary的副词形式。故填extraordinarily。 94. 考查非谓语动词。句意：许多食客认为羊肉具有暖身的医学功效，是寒冷季节的理想食物。空处及其后部分为状语，因此空处应填非谓语动词，表示自然而然产生的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。 95. 考查时态和语态。句意：许多民间习俗偏爱羊肉而不是牛肉，部分原因是在过去，牛被认为是一种更重要的生产手段。空处为原因状语从句的谓语动词，cattle和consider是被动关系，结合时间状语in the past可知，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语cattle是集合名词，谓语动词用复数形式。故填were considered。 96. 考查介词。句意：许多民间习俗偏爱羊肉而不是牛肉，部分原因是在过去，牛被认为是一种更重要的生产手段。a means of“一种……的方法”是固定搭配。故填of。 97. 考查定语从句。句意：传统的北京涮羊肉以简单而闻名，许多南方人认为涮羊肉没有味道。空处引导非限制性定语从句，代替指物的先行词instant boiled mutton在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 98. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它没有令人垂涎的火锅汤底，只是加了一些葱和姜片的白开水。空处在with结构中作宾补，应用非谓语动词，add和宾语 some scallion and ginger (葱和姜) slices是动宾关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填added。 99. 考查冠词。句意：如今，羊肉火锅已经成为中国人最喜欢的美食之一，随着羊肉生产技术的发展，全国各地全年都有新鲜的肉类供应。“one of+the+adj. +复数名词”是常见结构，。故填the。 100. 考查形容词。句意：如今，羊肉火锅已经成为中国人最喜欢的美食之一，随着羊肉生产技术的发展，全国各地全年都有新鲜的肉类供应。修饰名词development，应用形容词technological作定语。故填technological。 3 101. designed 102. in 103. will be banned 104. Unhealthy 105. deals 106. the 107. to be presented/presenting 108. why 109. introducing 110. that 【解析】本文是新闻报道。英国颁发新规定，阻止零售商对高脂肪、高盐、高糖的食品和饮料进行促销，以此促进国民健康。 101. 考查非谓语动词。句意：英国的新规则，旨在支持国民做出更健康的选择，将阻止零售商对高脂肪、高盐或高糖的食品和饮料提供“买一送一”或“买二送一”等促销活动。分析句子可知，句子有谓语动词will stop，因此设空处需填入design的非谓语动词形式作定语，修饰rules，二者之间是被动关系，因而用过去分词形式。故填designed。 102. 考查介词。句意同上。high in…表示“在……含量较高”，根据句意，此处指的是“脂肪，盐或者糖含量高的食物和饮料”。故填in。 103. 考查时态和语态。句意：餐饮业也将禁止含糖软饮料的免费续杯。分析句子可知，设空处缺少谓语，由soon可知，时态为一般将来时，动词ban与主语free refills是被动关系，因而本句用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be banned。 104. 考查形容词。句意：不健康的促销活动也将不再处于一些关键地点，比如收银台、商店入口和他们的网上同等产品。根据名词promotions可知，设空处需用形容词作定语，根据第一段内容可知，高脂肪、高盐或高糖的食品和饮料都是不健康的食物，因此此处用unhealthy“不健康的”符合句意，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Unhealthy。 105. 考查名词。句意：然而，数据显示，这些交易实际上使促销产品的购买量增加了近20%。分析句子可知，设空处需填入名词作从句的主语，根据these可知，此处需用可数名词deal的复数形式。故填deals。 106. 考查冠词。句意：他们鼓励人们购买比他们最初需要或打算购买的更多（的东西）。固定短语in the first place表示“最初”。故填the。 107. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们知道，家庭希望有更健康的选择。sth want to be done=sth want doing，都表示“某事物需要被怎么样”，本句中families与动词present之间是被动关系。故填to be presented/presenting。 108. 考查表语从句连接词。句意：这就是为什么我们限制促销活动，并引入一系列措施，以确保健康的选择是一个容易的选择的原因。分析句子结构可知，is后接表语从句，设空处缺少连接词，在从句中作原因状语，因而用why引导。故填why。 109. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。and连接设空处与limiting两个并列成分，与are构成现在进行时态，因而设空处需填入introduce的现在分词形式。故填introducing。 110. 考查定语从句。句意：创造一个有助于每个人吃到更健康食物的环境，对改善国民健康是非常重要的。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是environment，在从句中作主语，指物，前面有very修饰，因而只能用that来引导。故填that。 4 111. is said 112. or 113. to eat 114. twice 115. published 116. which 117. a 118. generally 119. consumption 120. of 【解析】本文是说明文。讲述了早餐吃饱的重要性。 111. 考查动词语态。句意：据说早餐要吃得像国王，午餐要吃得像王子，晚餐要吃得像乞丐——现在一项新的研究证实了这一点。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定句型：it is said that意为“据说”。故填is said。 112. 考查连词。句意：不管你是否想减肥，科学家们已经进行了一项研究，该研究支持了早餐时间吃饱的价值。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定搭配：whether...or not意为“是否”。故填or。 113. 考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然大多数忙碌的上班族会在通勤途中拿起一根香蕉快速吃一顿，或者干脆不吃早餐，但研究发现，那些吃丰盛早餐的人一天中消耗的卡路里可能是丰盛晚餐的两倍。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词will pick up，所以eat应该用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处是表目的，用不定式形式。故填to eat。 114. 考查副词。句意：虽然大多数忙碌的上班族会在通勤途中拿起一根香蕉快速吃一顿，或者干脆不吃早餐，但研究发现，那些吃丰盛早餐的人一天中消耗的卡路里可能是丰盛晚餐的两倍。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定搭配：twice as many意为“两倍的”。故填twice。 115. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这篇文章发表在内分泌学会的《临床内分泌与代谢杂志》上，研究了饮食诱导的产热(DIT)，这是我们的身体在消化食物和消耗能量时所经历的过程。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词looked，所以publish用非谓语形式，逻辑主语是article，两者是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填published。 116. 考查定语从句。句意：这篇文章发表在内分泌学会的《临床内分泌与代谢杂志》上，研究了饮食诱导的产热(DIT)，这是我们的身体在消化食物和消耗能量时所经历的过程。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整句话，在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 117. 考查冠词。句意：这是衡量我们的新陈代谢如何运作的一个指标，由于我们的生物钟，新陈代谢在晚上通常会变慢。分析句子结构可知，measure是可数名词，句中用的是单数，前应该用不定冠词修饰，measure是辅音音素开头，用a修饰。故填a。 118. 考查副词。句意：这是衡量我们的新陈代谢如何运作的一个指标，由于我们的生物钟，新陈代谢在晚上通常会变慢。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的形容词，应该用副词修饰。故填generally。 119. 考查名词。句意：我们的研究结果表明，早餐吃的一顿饭，不管它含有多少卡路里，都会通过饮食诱导的产热作用消耗更多的卡路里。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，consume的名词形式是consumption。故填consumption。 120. 考查介词。句意：这一发现对所有人都很重要，因为它强调了早餐吃饱的重要性。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定用法：be of+名词=be +名词同源的形容词形式。故填of。 5 121. as 122. has existed 123. but 124. Picking 125. when 126. widely 127. are filled 128. enjoying 129. products 130. the 【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了茶叶的历史和产地以及国际影响。 121. 考查介词。句意：中国以茶之乡而闻名。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语be known as“作为……而出名”，所以此处为介词as的填入。故填as。 122. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自古以来，茶就存在于中国文化中，在诗歌和习俗中留下了它的香气。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，由该句Since可知，此处应为现在完成时，主语tea为单数意义名词，所以为动词三单形式。故填has existed。 123. 考查连词。句意：许多爱喝茶的人不仅喜欢茶的味道，还喜欢茶道的美。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型not only…but also…表示“不但……而且……”，所以此处为连词but的填入。故填but。 124. 考查动名词。句意：摘茶叶是中国南方长江流域一项重要的春季活动。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词中的动名词形式作句子的主语成分。故填Picking。 125. 考查定语从句。句意：最早的茶叶通常在清明之前准备好采摘，那时气温开始上升，降雨量增加。分析句子可知，此处为关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词Qingming在从句中作时间状语成分。故填when。 126. 考查副词。句意：中国东部的浙江省被广泛认为是茶叶的主要产地。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词widely修饰动词短语is acknowledged as。故填widely。 127. 考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：春天，当地山坡上到处都是茶农在自己的土地上播种。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语be filled with“被……充满”，满足句意要求，主语local hillsides为复数名词，所以be动词为are。故填are filled。 128. 考查状语从句的省略。句意：许多游客喜欢一边欣赏茶园的美景，一边品尝一杯新鲜的茶。分析句子可知，此处为连词while引导状语从句的省略用法，当主从句主语一致时，可省略从句主语和be动词，此处省略主语they和be动词are。故填enjoying。 129. 考查名词复数形式。句意：茶叶和中国的丝绸一样，是最早接受世界贸易的产品之一。由空前one of the可知，此处为名词复数形式。故填products。 130. 考查冠词。句意：2022年，中国传统茶叶加工技术及相关社会实践被列入《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。根据句意以及空后名词可知，此处为定冠词the特指。故填the。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$选择性必修二 Unit 3 Food and Culture 1 Ⅰ. 重点词汇 1. minimum adj. 最低(限度)的; 最小的 n. 最小值; 最少量 【教材原句】 At a minimum, the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like. (P27)当地人食用的食物种类至少可以告诉我们在他们地区种植什么, 他们过什么样的生活以及他们喜欢什么不喜欢什么。 【词块必记】 (1)a minimum charge/price　　 最低收费/最低价格 (2)keep sth. to a minimum 保持某物在最低限度 (3) a minimum of 最少 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①The work was done with the _________ (minimize) amount of effort. ②Good hygiene can help ________ (minimum) the risk of infection. 【典句赏析】 To make progress in your English, you’d better spend a minimum of 30 minutes reading every day. 为了在英语上取得进步, 你最好每天花至少30分钟阅读。 minimum minimize 2. trick n. 诡计; 花招; 技巧; 诀窍 vt. 欺骗 【教材原句】 There is no one trick to healthy eating. (P32) 健康饮食没有诀窍。 【词块必记】 play a trick on/ play tricks on　　 戏弄 trick or treat 不给糖就捣乱(万圣节讨糖用语) have a trick up your sleeve 自有锦囊妙计 trick sb. into doing sth. 骗某人做某事 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①The kids always play _____ (trick) on their teacher, thus making the teacher annoyed. ②We ___________(trick) into buying a poor car, which made me very upset.   【典句赏析】 Patience is the trick of doing this job well. 耐心是做好这份工作的诀窍。 tricks were tricked 3. exceptional adj. 杰出的; 卓越的; 特别的; 罕见的 【典型例句】 At the age of five, he showed exceptional talent as a musician. 他五岁的时候就表现出非凡的音乐才能。 【词块必记】 (1)exception 　 n. 例外 (2)except prep. 除……以外 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①This deadline will be extended only in __________ (exception) circumstances. ② I don’t usually lend people money, but in your case, I’ll make an _________ (except). 【典句赏析】 She was possessed of exceptional powers of concentration. 她有高超的专注能力。 exceptional exception Ⅱ. 核心短语 4. cut down 削减; 砍倒; 缩短某物 【典型例句】 With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are being washed away. 随着越来越多的森林被砍伐, 大量的土壤正在被冲走。 【词块必记】 cut in　　　 插话 cut up 切碎; 齐根切掉 cut out 删除 cut through 开辟 cut off 切断; 中止; 隔绝 【知识微练】 用cut相关短语填空 ①My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking, but at least he has ________.   ②The water supply has been ______temporarily because the workers are repairing one of the main pipes.   ③It is impolite for children to _____when their seniors are talking.   ④______the carrots before you put them into the pot.   cut down cut off cut in Cut up Ⅲ. 经典句式 5. Besides this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth. 除此以外, 饮食结构中有肉类, 豆类和奶制品也很重要, 因为它们可以为坚硬的骨头和肌肉成长提供必要的蛋白质。 【句型公式】 as作连词可引导原因状语从句, 时间状语从句, 让步状语从句和方式状语从句。 As you are in poor health, you shouldn’t stay up late. (表原因) As the sun rose, the fog disappeared. (表时间) Always do to others as you would be done by. (表方式) Child as he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. (表让步) 【知识微练】 完成句子 ①__________________________, he heard a girl singing.   当他在公园散步时, 他听到了一个女孩在唱歌。 ②_________________, he made little progress.   尽管他工作很努力但他几乎没有取得进步。 ③______________, you can’t finish the book so soon.   尽管你读得很快, 但你不可能这么快读完这本书。 As he was walking in the park Hard as he worked Fast as you read 【补充要点】 1. consume vt. 消耗; 耗费; 吃; 喝; 饮 【典型例句】 The electricity industry consumes large amounts of fossil fuels every year. 每年电力工业消耗大量的化石燃料。 【知识拓展】 (1)be consumed with　　 使充满(强烈的感情) (2)consumer n. 消费者; 顾客 (3)consumption n. 消耗 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①For the past three hours, he ____________(consume) two bottles of alcohol.   ②It was reported that the meat was unfit for human ____________(consume). 【典句赏析】 He was consumed with guilt and tears rolled down his cheeks. 他深感内疚泪水从脸颊流下。 has consumed consumption 2. temper n. 脾气; 心情; 情绪 【典型例句】 Maybe those who like spicy food tend to have a hot temper. 也许喜欢吃辣的那些人可能会脾气火爆。 【词块必记】 (1)lose one’s temper　　　　 发脾气 (2)in a good/bad temper 心情好/不好 (3)good-tempered/ bad-tempered 脾气好的/差的 【知识微练】 完成句子 ①She struggled not to ______________when the kids misbehaved.   孩子们淘气时, 她努力不发火。 ②He is such _____________________that we all like him.   他是一个脾气很好的人, 我们都很喜欢他。 lose her temper a good-tempered person 3. association n. 协会; 社团; 联系; 关联 【典型例句】 They have maintained a close association with a college in America. 他们和美国的一所学院保持了密切的联系。 【词块必记】 (1)in association with　　　 与……联合 (2)associate sb. with sth. 把某人与某事联系在一起 (3)associate with sb. 与某人交往 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①The book was published in __________ (associate) with English Heritage. ②He is closely _________ (associate) in the public with horror movies. association associated 4. quantity n. 数量 【典型例句】 The change of quantity causes the change of quality. 量变引起质变。 【词块必记】 (1)a quantity of/quantities of　 大量 (2)in quantity 大量地 (3)quality n. 质量 【知识拓展】 表“大量”的词组 a great many/ a number of +[可数名词] a great deal of / a large amount of +[不可数名词] a lot of/ lots of/ a quantity of/ quantities of +[可数名词/不可数名词] 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①This product is cheap to produce in large _________ (quantity). 完成句子 ②Before the exam, I spent ________________time preparing for it. Otherwise, I wouldn’t have succeeded in passing the exam. 在考试前我花了大量的时间准 备。否则我是不会通过考试的。  ③As far as I’m concerned, ________________________________really counts.   就我个人而言, 重要的是质量而不是数量。 quantities a large quantity of it is quality rather than quantity that 5. Tired, hungry and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order.   又累又饿而且一句汉语也不会, 我们根本不知道怎么点餐。 【句型公式】用形容词作状语表示当时的状态。 He got married very young. 他很年轻就结婚了。 The dog fell down dead. 那只狗倒下死了。 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①After a long day of work, he went home, _________ (exhaust). 完成句子 ②He went to bed _______________. 他又冷又饿地上床睡觉了。  exhausted cold and hungry 附1： 话题词汇 1. 饮食描述类词汇: high/rich in fiber (高纤维) low in fat (低脂肪)be lacking in nutrition (缺乏营养) food poisoning (食物中毒)a variety of fast food (多种多样的快餐)be favored by (受到……的青睐) 2. 饮食习惯类词汇: develop/form healthy eating habits (养成健康的饮食习惯) be particular about food (挑食)keep a balanced/healthy diet (保持均衡/健康的饮食)lose weight/take off weight (减肥)go on a diet/be on a diet (节食)cut down body fat (削减脂肪)skip breakfast (不吃早餐) put on/gain weight (增加体重) eat excessively (过量地吃) 3. 话题实用类短语: be closely related to health (与健康息息相关)do harm/damage to physical health (对身体健康有害)aim at keeping slim (旨在保持身材苗条)take an order 点菜take in/absorb nutrition (吸收营养)attach importance to your diet (注重你的饮食)pay more attention to your diet (更加注意你的饮食)guarantee the safety of food (保障食品安全) regardless of others’ health (不顾他人的健康)have a positive effect on (对……有积极的影响) 话题句式： 1. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day, and dinner the most enjoyable. 早餐是一天中最重要的一餐, 而晚餐则是最享受的一餐。 2. It’s high time that we stayed away from junk food and led a healthy life. 现在是我们远离垃圾食品、过健康生活的时候了。 3. Only when we are particular about food can we prevent ourselves from falling ill. 只有讲究饮食, 我们才能预防患病。 4. The issue of unsafe food has aroused public concern and caused a heated discussion. 食物不安全事件引发了公众的关注和激烈的讨论。 5. As far as I’m concerned, we should develop healthy eating habits to build ourselves up. Only in this way can we have enough energy to study. 我认为, 为了增强体质, 我们应该养成健康的饮食习惯, 只有这样, 我们才能有足够的精力学习。 3.写作点拨 本单元也可以写关于健康问题的说明文。此类文章可按“总——分——总”结构布局, 分为三或四个自然段。 写说明文要注意以下几点: 1. 抓住中心, 分清主次。 首先要仔细阅读文字提示或观察图表, 确定文章的中心内容。再根据内容把文章分成几个段落, 每段都要拟定一个主题句。然后确定中心人称和主要时态。 2. 列全要点, 扩展句子。 以拟定的主题句为中心, 选择恰当的词语和句型来组织材料, 编写句子, 形成段落。 3. 布局谋篇, 连段成文。 按照一定的逻辑顺序, 用适当的过渡词把已经写好的段落组成一篇完整的文章。 常用表达: 1. Sometimes we have disordered eating, especially for girls, for they want to keep slim through reducing diet. 2. A balanced diet is important for us in our daily life. 3. Food can give us energy and help us build up our body. 4. Regular exercise can help us keep our figures. 5. It’s important to keep a balanced diet. 6. Different kinds of food provide us with different nutrition we need every day. 7. As a proverb says, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away. ” 8. We should have a regular meal. In this way, we’ll be strong and healthy. 构词规律 名词+al→形容词 exception n. 例外; 异议→ exceptional adj. 特别的, 罕见的 nation n. 国家; 民族; 国民 →________ adj. 国家的; 民族的 medicine n. 医学; 药品 →_______ adj. 医学的 office n. 办公室; 政府机关→ ______ adj. 官方的 national medical official 附2： 构词规律 形容词去e+-y→副词 stable adj. 稳定的; 稳重的 → stably adv. 稳定地; 稳重地 probable adj. 很可能的 → ________ adv. 或许; 很可能 comfortable adj. 舒服的, 舒适的 → ___________ adv. 舒适地 simple adj. 简单的; 单纯的 → ______ adv. 简单地; 仅仅, 只 gentle adj. 温和的; 文雅的 → ______ adv. 轻轻地; 温柔地 probably comfortably simply gently Thank you 38 $$