17.选择性必修第一册Unit 1-2025年高考英语一轮复习教材核心词汇复习(PPT讲解+练习清单)(人教版2019)

选修性必修一 Unit 1 People of Achievement 1 Ⅰ. 重点词汇 1. vital adj. 必不可少的; 极其重要的; 充满生机的 【教材原句】 Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone. (P2) 青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分, 被认为仅在非洲一年就能挽救10万人的生命。 【词块必记】 be vital to/for. . . 　　　　对……极其重要 It is vital to do sth. 做某事很重要 It’s vital that. . . …… 极为重要 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①Tourism is vital _____ the Spanish economy. ②It is vital ____ we should be kept informed of all developments. 完成句子 ③Confronted with such a __________________________, he looked as cool as a cucumber.   面对着这样重大的生死问题, 他的神态却异常冷静。 ④The government saw _____________________________________.   政府认为引进新技术至关重要。 for/to that vital problem of life and death the introduction of new technology as vital 2. commit vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等) 【教材原句】 Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. (P2) 屠呦呦是一位坚定而耐心的科学家, 1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波, 1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。 【词块必记】 (1)commit oneself to (doing) sth. 　 承诺(做)某事 commit a crime/a mistake 犯罪/犯错误 commit. . . to. . . 投入……于…… (2)committed adj. 尽心尽力的, 坚定的; 坚信的 be committed to (doing) sth. 承诺(做)某事 (3)commitment n. 投入; 奉献; 承诺; 保证 make a commitment to (doing) sth. 承诺(做)某事 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①He __________(commit) suicide(自杀) rather than sell out to the enemy. ②He didn’t commit himself __ anything. ③They committed a crime ___ innocent citizens. ④He committed _______(he)to doing it immediately. ⑤They require a bigger ___________(commit) than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space. committed to on himself commitment 3. acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢 【典型例句】 We hope you can acknowledge your mistake in public. 我们希望你能当众认错。 【词块必记】 acknowledge having done sth. 　　　 承认做了某事 acknowledge that 承认…… acknowledge to be 认为是…… It is generally/widely acknowledged that. . . 普遍认为…… acknowledge one’s belief/fault 承认信仰/错误 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①At the meeting they _____________ (acknowledge)the need for reform. ②We are sending you some money in ________________ (acknowledge) of your valuable help. ③It is widely acknowledged ____ nearly every kid might come across some kind of school bullying, however, the age at which kids first fall victim to bullying can influence how strongly they are affected. acknowledged acknowledgement that Ⅱ. 核心短语 4. come to power (开始)掌权; 上台 【教材原句】 Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. (P8) 1933年, 希特勒在德国上台后, 情况发生了变化。爱因斯坦是犹太人, 他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。 【词块必记】 have power over 　　　　　控制, 支配 have no power over 没有支配权 beyond one’s power 某人力所不及 【易混辨析】 power泛指“力”, 可指身体的或心理的, 外在的或潜在的, 具体的或抽象的。force指“武力; 暴力”, 往往意味着克服阻力。strength意为“力量; 力气”, 多指人体或物体内存的能力。 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①It’s _______his power means he has no power to do it. ②He has power ____many people’s lives and property. 完成句子 ③ Some animals _____________to see in the dark.   有些动物具有在黑暗中看见东西的本领。 ④You must ________to open that bottle.   你必须用力打开那个瓶子。 beyond over have the power use force Ⅲ. 经典句式 5. This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. 今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者), 她的研究促使了青蒿素的发现。这是一种至关重要的治疗疟疾的新疗法。  【典型例句】 Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. 后来, 这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试, 大部分受试患者都康复了。 【句型公式】 非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容, 或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分开, 常常单独翻译。没有它, 主句意思仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as, which, who, whom, whose等, 作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。 【误区释疑】 非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导, 由“介词+关系代词”引导时, 其中的关系代词不能用as, 非限制性定语从句置于句首时, 不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活, 可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后。 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①I like the book, ______ was bought yesterday. ②He bought the car for more than $20, 000 ____ which his father was angry. ③Do you know Tom, ______ we talked about? ④The drama, ______ style is humorous, is typical of the period. 完成句子 ⑤She heard a terrible noise, ___________________________________.   她听到一个可怕的声音, 这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。 which with whom whose which brought her heart into her mouth 【补充要点】 1. crucial adj. 至关重要的; 关键性的 【典型例句】 Her work has been crucial to the project’s success. 她的工作对项目的成功至关重要。 【词块必记】 be crucial to/for. . . 　　　　　　 对……至关重要 play a crucial part in/role in. . . 在……中起至关重要的作用 【知识微练】 完成句子 ①My father cracked down on him ______________(关键时刻)in his life.   ②To our minds, capital construction is a fundamental task ____________________ _______.   在我们看来, 基本建设是百年大计。 ③Money ___________________(在……中起着关键性的作用)the administration and development of libraries.   at a crucial time crucial for generations to come plays a crucial role in 2. defeat n. 失败; 挫败vt. 击败; 战胜 【教材原句】 However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. (P2) 然而, 屠呦呦并不承认失败。 【词块必记】 suffer a defeat　　　　 遭受失败 acknowledge defeat 承认失败 【误区释疑】beat与defeat都是“战胜, 打败”的意思, 它们的宾语必须是人或一个集体; 但defeat尤其指在战场上打败敌人, beat多指在游戏比赛中战胜对方。现在英语中也经常换用。 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①He was depressed ___ his defeat. ②The naval captain ________ (defeat)Napoleon in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805, and stopped him from invading England. ③It was a sound strategy ________(defeat) the enemy.   完成句子 ④____________________________to the enemy.   这次失败是对敌人的有力打击。 by defeated to defeat This defeat was a powerful blow 3. insist on 坚决要求 【教材原句】 Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. (P3)屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物, 以确保它是安全的。 【词块必记】 insist on doing sth. 　　 坚持做某事 persist in (doing)sth. 坚持(做)某事 keep up sth. 坚持 stand on sth. 坚持 stick to(doing)sth. 坚持(做)某事 【误区释疑】insist接that从句, 用“(should+)动词原形”只表示坚持要, 是一种建议。如果表示坚持说, 坚持认为某个事实, 则不用虚拟形式。 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①He insisted ___ his correctness. ②He insisted on ________ (check)every item. ③Reporter should stick __ investigating the facts. on checking to 4. take up a position 担任; 任职 【典型例句】 He left to take up a new position with another company. 他离职后在另一家公司谋得了一个新职位。 【词块必记】 take up　　　　占用(空间或时间); 开始从事; 接受 take in 接受; 吸收; 理解; 注意到; 欺骗 take on 披上; 呈现; 具有; 雇用; 承担 take over 接收; 接管 take off 拿掉; 取消; 脱衣; 起飞 take after (面貌、言行)像(长辈) 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①Excuse me for taking ___ so much of your time. ②Law will protect the girl taken __ and sold by the abductor. ③He’s spoken to a publishing company. They’re going to take him ___. ④Our chairman has left, so Peter will take ____ his job. 完成句子 ⑤He’s going out to Korea soon to __________________________.   他很快就要到朝鲜去担任一个重要职务。 ⑥He ___________________without any hesitation.   他毫不犹豫地接受了这个挑战。 up in over on take up an important position took up the challenge 5. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. 然后, 他们试着把新鲜的青蒿煮沸, 并用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾, 但这也不起作用。  【典型例句】 I tried gardening but didn’t succeed. 我试着种果木花卉, 但未成功。 【句型公式】 (1)try to do试图做→try doing试着做 (2)mean to do 打算做→ mean doing 意味着 (3)regret to do 为将要说的话或做的事表示遗憾→regret doing为做过的事表示遗憾 (4)forget to do 忘记去做→forget doing 忘记做过 (5)remember to do 记得要做某事→remember doing 记得做过某事 (6)stop to do 停下来做(另一件事)→stop doing 停止做某事 (7)go on to do 接着做(另一件事情)→go on doing 继续做同一件事情 【知识微练】 完成句子 ①To raise wage means _________________________.   增加工资意味着增加购买力。 ②I’ll try __________so that he won’t be disappointed in me.   我要努力做得更好, 免得他对我失望。 ③Children should try __________by themselves.   孩子们应该试着自己吃食物。 increasing purchasing power to do better eating food 附1： 1. 话题词汇 (1)age, birthday and birthplace (个人概况、教育等): be born in. . . (地点)on. . . (时间) at the age of; be born poor. . . lead a. . . life (2)character(性格特征): confident; sociable(爱社交的, 外向的); be willing to help(乐于助人); capable(有能力的); warm-hearted(热心肠的); charming(有吸引力的); determined(有毅力的) (3)education background(教育背景): be admitted to. . . (考取……) graduate from. . . (从……毕业) get a master’s/doctor’s degree(获取学士、博士学位) (4)big events in his/her life(生平经历): serve as. . . be devoted to. . . have a gift for. . . (5)evaluation(评价) famous at home and abroad(国内外著名的) make great progress in(在……取得很大进步); gain the first prize(获得一等奖); set a good example(树立好榜样); think highly of(高度赞扬); be honored as(被授予); make great contributions to(为……做出巨大贡献) 2. 话题句式 (1)概况部分可用非谓语/同位语结构, 使文章简洁、通顺 ①Born in. . . on. . . , . . . is a . . . ②. . . , the son of a. . . , was born . . . (2)外貌、性格, 可用介词短语或非谓语动词作定语 ①. . . is a . . . with thick eyebrows. . . ②a collection of Chinese herbs including over 2, 000 herbs. . . (3)生平经历可用复合句, 倒装, 非限制性定语从句, 润色文章 ①Not only is. . . but also he. . . ②. . . set a new record. . . , which. . . (4)评价可用一些动词、形容词等词块、短语 ①be remembered as. . . ②be considered to be. . . 3.话题实践 Ⅰ. 语用功能表达 用于争取思考时间的用语: So. . . 那么…… Really? 真的? Right. /Sure. 对/确定是。 Well, er, . . . 呃…… Well, I guess. 好吧, 我猜是的。 You see/know. 你知道。 Just a moment. 请稍等。 Hang on a second. 请稍等。 By the way. . . 顺便问一下…… Anyway. . . 总之…… Well, let me see. . . 嗯, 让我想想…… In fact (As a matter of fact ). . . 事实上…… As far as I know. . . 据我所知…… That is to say. . . 那就是说…… For example (For instance). . . 比方说…… I meant to say. . . 我的意思是…… What I meant to say is. . . 我想说的是……　　　 What you mean is. . . 你意思是…… (Er/Oh/Um, )let me see/think. . . 呃/哦/嗯)让我看看/想想…… Yeah, I mean, I understand what you’re saying. . . 是的, 我是说, 我明白你说的…… Well, its on the tip of my tongue. 嗯, 就在我嘴边上。 May I think about that for a moment? 我可以考虑一下吗? I’ve nearly got it, er, . . . 我差不多就明白了, 呃…… How can/shall/should I put this/it? 我该怎么说呢? What I want to say is. . . 我想说的是…… Let me think about this/that for a moment. 让我考虑一下这个/那个。 附2：构词规律: 根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词 1. -ic常用作形容词后缀, 表示“……的” academy n. →academic adj. 学业的, 学术的 history n. →_______ adj. 历史的 economy n. →________ adj. 经济的 scene n. → ______ adj. 风景优美的  strategy n. →________ adj. 战略的 historic economic scenic strategic 2. 名词之后加-cal可转化为形容词 botany n. →botanical adj. 植物学的 biology n. → _________ adj. 生物学的  magic n. → _______ adj. 魔术的 logic n. →______ adj. 逻辑的 music n. →_______ adj. 音乐的 biological magical logical musical Thank you 41 $$2025高考英语一轮复习教材核心词汇复习(PPT讲解+练习清单)(人教版2019) 选择性必修第一册Unit 1 I.词汇默写 Ⅰ. 核心单词 1. ______________　　　　 adj. 必不可少的; 极其重要的; 充满生机的 2. ______________ n. 失败; 挫败vt. 击败; 战胜 3. ______________ vt. 评价; 评估 4. ______________ vt. 承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢 5. ______________ vt. 偶然碰到; 遇到n. 邂逅; 遭遇 6. ______________ vt. (尤指经努力)获得; 赢得 vi. (规章、习俗等)存在; 流行 7. ______________ adj. 不一般的; 非凡的; 意想不到的 8. ______________ vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等) vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等) 9. ______________ vt. 推断; 推定 10. ______________ 　n. 条件; 环境; 状况 Ⅱ. 拓展单词 1. distinct adj. 清晰的; 清楚的; 有区别的→______________ n. 差别 2. novel n. (长篇)小说→______________ n. 小说家 3. commit vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→______________ adj. 尽心尽力的; 坚定的; 坚信的 →______________ n. 承诺; 交托; 信奉 4. conclude v. 得出结论, 结束; 终止→______________ n. 结论; 推论 5. apparent adj. 显而易见的; 显然的; 表面上的→ ______________ adv. 显而易见; 看来; 显然 6. science n. 科学→______________ n. 科学家→______________ adj. 科学(上)的; 关于科学的 7. academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院; 学会; 专科院校→ ______________ adj. 学业的; 学术的 8. object n. 物体; 对象; 客体→______________ n. 目标; 目的　adj. 客观的 9. botany n. 植物学→______________ adj. 植物学的 10. politic n. 政治学→______________ n. 从政者; 政治家; 政客 III.核心短语 1. ______________ 以(做)……为目的  2. ______________ 坚决要求  3. ______________ (正常使用造成的)磨损; 损耗  4. ______________ (开始)掌权; 上台  5. ______________ 担任; 任职  6. ______________ 总结; 概括  7. ______________ 进入僵局; 被卡住  8. ______________ 偶然; 意外地  9. ______________ 导致, 通向  10. ______________ 经得起; 抵抗; 勇敢地面对  IV.经典句式 1. 句型公式: 关系副词引导非限制性定语从句 In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, _____________________________________- (在那里疟疾较为普遍), to study malaria patients.   2. 句型公式: 关系代词引导非限制性定语从句 Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, _____________________________________-(大部分受试患者都康复了).   3. 句型公式: 动名词与动词不定式作动词宾语的区别 They then _____________________________________- (试着把新鲜的青蒿煮沸), and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either.   4. 句型公式: upon/on doing sth. 当……时 _____________________________________- that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. ”  当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时, 她说: “荣誉不只是属于我自己的。” 参考答案 Ⅰ. 核心单词 1. vital　　　　 adj. 必不可少的; 极其重要的; 充满生机的 2. defeat n. 失败; 挫败vt. 击败; 战胜 3. evaluate vt. 评价; 评估 4. acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢 5. encounter vt. 偶然碰到; 遇到n. 邂逅; 遭遇 6. obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得; 赢得 vi. (规章、习俗等)存在; 流行 7. extraordinary adj. 不一般的; 非凡的; 意想不到的 8. commit vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等) vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等) 9. infer vt. 推断; 推定 10. circumstance 　n. 条件; 环境; 状况 Ⅱ. 拓展单词 1. distinct adj. 清晰的; 清楚的; 有区别的→distinction n. 差别 2. novel n. (长篇)小说→novelist n. 小说家 3. commit vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj. 尽心尽力的; 坚定的; 坚信的 →commitment n. 承诺; 交托; 信奉 4. conclude v. 得出结论, 结束; 终止→conclusion n. 结论; 推论 5. apparent adj. 显而易见的; 显然的; 表面上的→ apparently adv. 显而易见; 看来; 显然 6. science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家→scientific adj. 科学(上)的; 关于科学的 7. academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院; 学会; 专科院校→ academic adj. 学业的; 学术的 8. object n. 物体; 对象; 客体→objective n. 目标; 目的　adj. 客观的 9. botany n. 植物学→botanical adj. 植物学的 10. politic n. 政治学→politician n. 从政者; 政治家; 政客 III.核心短语 1. with the objective of (doing) 以(做)……为目的  2. insist on 坚决要求  3. wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损; 损耗  4. come to power (开始)掌权; 上台  5. take up a position 担任; 任职  6. sum up 总结; 概括  7. get stuck 进入僵局; 被卡住  8. by chance 偶然; 意外地  9. lead to 导致, 通向  10. stand up to 经得起; 抵抗; 勇敢地面对  IV.经典句式 1. 句型公式: 关系副词引导非限制性定语从句 In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common (在那里疟疾较为普遍), to study malaria patients.   2. 句型公式: 关系代词引导非限制性定语从句 Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered(大部分受试患者都康复了).   3. 句型公式: 动名词与动词不定式作动词宾语的区别 They then tried boiling fresh wormwood (试着把新鲜的青蒿煮沸), and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either.   4. 句型公式: upon/on doing sth. 当……时 Upon/On hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. ”  当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时, 她说: “荣誉不只是属于我自己的。” II.综合练习 一、单句填空 1. She was (apparent) a very nervous woman, and that affected her career. 2. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. 3. There is a fine (distinct) between the two words. 4. She became the first black woman (elect) to the committee. 5. Shu, is a native of Southwest China’s Guizhou Province, has a great affection for the traditional Chinese costume. 6. I will talk to those students, the homework of hasn't been finished. 7. his passion, he tore the letter into pieces. 8. Last night, trucks and cars (flow)along the highway. 9. I’m sorry not to have replied to your letter earlier, for , I must say, I apologize. 10. The school has 3,500 students, two thirds are girls. 11. is often the case, people stare at their phones while sitting on the bus. 12. Tom buried his face in his arms as if (cry). 13. They didn’t draw a conclusion until carrying out lots of (science) experiments. 14. The villagers, all of houses had been damaged by the fire, were given help by the Red Cross. 15. She brought her guitar to the party, turned out to be a great idea as everyone enjoyed the music. 16. is reported in today’s newspaper, we must improve our style of work. 17. Then he met Mary, invited him to a party. 18. He was a good man who was (commit) to his family as well as to his work. 19. The book is an (analyse) of poverty and its causes. 20. The first thing coming to my mind is to get a driving license, is a must for most college students. 21. The (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world， (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 22. More than 20 people have traveled to the moon, 12 of have walked on the moon. 23. Wind power is an ancient source of energy which we may return in the near future. 24. We can draw a (conclude) from the statistics that homelessness is on the increase. 25. I borrowed a book about Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, my classmates recommended to me. 26. We need to how well the policy is working. (value). 27. It was a big deal for us to go to the local library, my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them. 28. The exhibit before you is a set of musical instruments called chime bells, were unearthed in Hubei Province in 1978. 29. He that Tom had helped him a lot so he wrote a letter in of his help.(acknowledge) 30. The ground is covered with snow and ice, makes driving very dangerous. 31. Many people make a sharp (distinct)between humans and other animals. 32. you know, in a football match, players try to kick or head the ball into the opposing team’s goal. 33. He always puts many of his (theory) into practice in society. 34. In Philadelphia, a metro area smaller than Dallas, the arts have an economic impact of almost $ 3 billion and support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers, construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers. 35. As a child, he showed great interest in science and wanted to be a . Now he is committed to doing researches. (science) 36. (gradual), little Tom got used to being the only child at a table full of adults. 37. One reason for “People taking postgraduate exam on rise” is that jobs have higher (academy) requirements nowadays. 38. In the storm I took shelter under the tree, , my father told me later, was not a wise choice, because I might be struck by the lightning. 39. Volunteer travel dates back to the 1960s, when Alec Dickson and his wife Mora from the UK (found) Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO), an international volunteer organization. 40. The teacher insisted that his students (finish) their homework alone. 41. The Mayan civilization was the most important between the years of 250 AD and 900 AD. (gradual), the Mayan civilization spread all the way from Central Mexico to Honduras, Guatemala, and northern El Salvador. 42. Under no (circumstance) will the man give in to the difficulty. 43. A lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life. 44. She insisted his wearing a suit. 45. I won the first prize in the English speaking contest, surprised my classmates. 46. I bought an album many post card with beautiful sights were included. 47. The (politics) will meet with reporters to talk about matters of common concern. 48. The (science) research team is studying the effects of climate change on the environment. 49. Tom’s brother, work takes him all over the world, is in Hainan at the moment. 50. Under no (circumstance) shall I mention the secret to anyone. 51. Now in the mid-eastern part, it is (extraordinary)difficult for the rest of the world to come to an agreement. 52. This is the most interesting movie I’ve ever seen. 53. Juliet appeared above at a window, through her beauty seemed to break like the light of the sun in the east. 54. The plan is designed to create an atmosphere, the staff are motivated to work hard. 55. is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. 56. There is nothing we can to help Linda, circumstances are beyond our control. 57. We’d better take umbrellas with us. I’m sure it (rain) when we arrive in London. I was given three books on cooking, the first of 58 I really enjoyed. 59. The fish in the deep ocean are among the strangest creatures in the Earth, many of have yet to be properly studied. 60. I am working with (most) highly motivated people. 61. On the other hand, scientific (theory) cannot be predicted; they must be formulated and confirmed. 62. Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected. 63. Tom has lived in China for many years, and (consequent) he speaks Chinese fluently. 64. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way （use）the sun and the stars. 65. I bought a novel last month, was written by a famous writer. 66. During their first day, is typical of Vancouver, it rained. 67. He may have acute appendicitis, case he will have to be operated on. (用介词+关系代词填空) 68. is known to all, the moon travels round the earth once very month. 69. The old man has three sons, none of is a doctor. 70. Although the Chinese team (defeat) by a South Korea’ team in the final match of 2020 League of Legends World Championship, it showed strong competitiveness and potential. 71. Dorothy was always showing off her clothes, , of course, made us a little annoyed. 72. He passed the driving test at his first attempt, made him excited. 73. Tom is a (commit) member of the team. 74. Further information can (obtain) from our head office in Beijing. 75. More and more animals have been hunted, some of are dying out. 76. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which (gradual) turned into chopsticks. 77. Lion dance is a form of traditional dance in China, can be often seen in important festivals and great events. 78. The ultimate goal of Chinese woman's volleyball team is (defeat) its opponents and seize the gold in the next Olympics. 79. It’s vital that we (carry)out the operation immediately. 80. I think Beijing is the most beautiful city, I spent my last summer holiday. 二、语法填空 1 China’s Tu Youyou among trio to win Nobel Medicine Prize STOCKHOLM—William Campbell, Satoshi Omura and Tu Youyou jointly 81 (win)the 2015 Nobel Prize in Medicine for their work against parasitic diseases(寄生虫病). The Chinese scientist Tu Youyou was awarded the 82 half of the prize for discovering artemisinin(青蒿素), a drug that has significantly reduced the mortality rates for patients 83 (suffer)from malaria.Irish­born Campbell and Japanese Omura won half of the prize for a new drug, avermectin, 84 has helped the battle against river blindness, as well as showing effectiveness against other 85 (disease). These two discoveries have provided humankind with 86 (power )new means to fight 87 these diseases that affect hundreds of millions of people annually.Despite rapid progress in controlling malaria, the mosquito­borne disease still kills more than half a million people a year, the vast 88 (major)of babies and young children in the poorest parts of Africa. Medicine is the first of the Nobel prizes 89 (award)each year. Prizes for 90 (achieve)in science, literature and peace were first awarded in 1901 in accordance with the will of Alfred Nobel. 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Videos of 77-year-old Xu Xiuzhen, 91 speaks 11 different languages with foreigners while working at a scenic spot selling water, postcards and he address flowers, have brought her instant fame. Xu’s village, 92 (locate) at the base of Moon Hill, is 93 popular scenic spot famed for a moon-shaped hole at the summit. 94 (support) her family, Xu, who dropped out of junior school in the third grade, has been working 95 a guide and vendor(小贩)in a county and resort town in Yangshuo. When the area became famous with foreign backpackers and, organized tours, she began to learn different languages to attract more foreign customers. Over the past two decades, Xu 96 (teach) all foreign languages to herself, including English, Spanish, Japanese, German, Hebrew and Korean, In addition to making her 97 (incredible) popular, her linguistic prowess(超凡技术)has made 98 easier for her to communicate with foreign tourists. As a result, Xu has also become one of the 99 (busy) tour guides in Yangshuo. Her reputation draws a large crowd of tourists every day, especially foreign visitors, who come to meet the multilingual guide out of 100 (admire). 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 British officials in London announced that Elizabeth II, Queen of England, has died at the age of 96. Elizabeth reigned for more than 70 years 101 became Britain’s longest-serving monarch. Officials at the headquarters of the British royal family said Elizabeth died at her summer home of Balmoral Castle in Scotland. 102 (member) of the royal family had hurried to be with her after her health appeared to 103 (worse). Her son, 73-year-old Prince Charles, will now become king. It is 104 (clear) whether he will reign as King Charles III or under another name. The effects of her death may not be 105 (full)  known for years. She helped strengthen the British monarchy and 106 (respect) by the British public and world leaders. Most Britons have never known another monarch. Elizabeth became queen on February 6, 1952. During her reign, her country rebuilt after the 107 (destroy) of World War II. Elizabeth served with 15 British prime ministers, 108 (start) with Winston Churchill, Britain’s famous wartime leader. That line extended all the way to September 6, 109 she accepted the resignation of Boris Johnson and welcomed Liz Truss 110 the country’s new prime minister. 4 Alexander Graham Bell was an influential scientist, engineer and 111 (invent). He was born on March 3, 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland. He is widely credited with the invention of the first telephone. Bell’s mother and wife 112 (be) both deaf, which had an effect 113 his work. When he was 23, Bell and his parents moved to Canada. Bell studied the human voice and worked with different schools for 114 deaf. He experimented with sound, working with sound, working with equipment used to send different 115 (message) and record sound. He worked on acoustic telegraphy (声报机) with an electrical designer   116 (name) Thomas Watson. On February 14, 1876, Bell and Elisha Gray, an American electrical engineer, both filed patents (申请专利) covering the transmission (传送) of sounds telegraphically. Finally, Bell 117 (give) the patent. A few days   118 (late), he succeeded in 119 (get) his telephone to work. Bell improved the design and by 1886 more than 150,000 people owned telephones in the United States. He once said, “The day will come when the man at the telephone will be able to see the distant person to 120 he is speaking.” 5 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 121 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 122 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 123 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 124 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so 125 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 126 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 127 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 128 (construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 129 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 130 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 参考答案 一、 1. apparently 【解析】考查副词。句意：她显然是一个非常紧张的女人，这影响了她的事业。空处修饰整个句子，应该用副词修饰。故填apparently。 2. when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：对这些足球迷来说，这是一个激动人心的时刻，多年来他们队第一次赢得了世界杯。分析句子可知，该句为关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词是an exciting moment，将先行词代入从句中为for the first time in years their team won the World Cup in the an exciting moment.，可知先行词在从句中作时间状语。故填when。 3. distinction 【解析】考查名词。句意：这两个词之间有很明显的区别。形容词fine后应接名词，distinct的名词形式为distinction，由不定冠词a可知，此处应使用名词单数形式。故填distinction。 【点睛】 4. to be elected 【解析】考查动词不定式的被动语态结构。句意：她成为第一位当选为委员会成员的黑人妇女。此处为动词不定式to do作后置定语修饰black woman，the first…to do…“第一个做……的人”为惯用表达，结合black woman和elect为被动关系，所以为动词不定式的被动语态结构。故填to be elected。 5. who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：舒秋红是中国西南部贵州省的一位土生土长的人，她对中国传统服饰有着深厚的感情。分析句子结构，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Shu，先行词指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用who引导从句。故填who。 6. whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我要和那些学生谈谈，他们的家庭作业还没有完成。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词those students，指人，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，需用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 7. In 【解析】考查介词。句意：在盛怒之下，他把那封信撕得粉碎。in one's passion“在盛怒中”，根据句意，故填In。 8. flowed 【解析】考查时态。句意：昨晚，卡车和汽车在高速公路上川流不息。根据上文Last night可知为一般过去时。故填flowed。 9. which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。句意：我很抱歉没有早点给你回信，对此，我必须说，我道歉。此句包含有一个非限制性定语从句，从句中I must say为插入语，前半句提及的not to have replied to your letter earlier，是先行词，作for的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 10. of whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这所学校有3500名学生，其中三分之二是女生。分析句子可知two thirds与先行词3,500 students之间是所属关系，用介词+关系词引导定语从句，指人用of whom 引导非限定性定语从句，可以放在所修饰的名词two thirds前。故填①of ②whom。 11. As 【解析】考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：人们坐在公共汽车上盯着手机看是常有的事。固定句型As is often the case意思是“这是常有的事儿”，该结构中，as为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，as指代的先行词为后面整个句子，并在从句中作主语。故填As。 12. crying 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆把脸埋在怀里，好像在哭。分析句子可知，设空处应填非谓语动词和as if一起作状语，其逻辑主语为Tom，与动词cry之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填crying。 13. scientific 【解析】考查形容词。句意：直到进行了大量的科学实验，他们才得出结论。空处需用形容词作定语修饰空后名词，science对应的形容词为scientific“科学的”。故填scientific。 14. whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：村民们的房子都被大火烧毁了，他们得到了红十字会的帮助。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词villagers，villagers作houses的定语，故用whose引导。故填whose。 15. which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她带着吉他来参加聚会，结果证明这是一个好主意，因为每个人都喜欢音乐。分析句子可知，设空处是非限制性定语从句的引导词，从句缺少主语，代指前面整句话的意思，应用关系代词which。故填which。 16. As 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：正如今天报纸上所报道的，我们必须改进我们的工作作风。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是后面整个主句的内容，且句子表示“正如今天报纸上所报道的，我们必须改进我们的工作作风”，空格处有“正如”的意思，因此空格处用as引导定语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填As。 17. who 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：然后他遇到了玛丽，玛丽邀请他参加一个聚会。句子分析可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代先行词Mary，指人，应用关系代词who引导该从句，故填who。 18. committed 【解析】考查形容词。句意：他是一个好人，对他的家庭和工作都尽心尽力。be committed to致力于，献身于，固定短语，故填committed。 19. analysis 【解析】考查名词。句意：这本书分析了贫困及其原因。根据空前冠词an可知，设空处应用名词作表语。analyse是动词，意为“分析”，其名词形式是analysis。故填analysis。 20. which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我想到的第一件事是拿到驾照, 这是大多数大学生必须做的事。设空处引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词driving license指物，设空处在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 21. remarkable means 【解析】考查形容词以及动词。句意：这个城市显著的发展，其在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总有一些新的事物等待发现。我可能在未来50年里都会在北京拍摄。第一个空处修饰名词development应用形容词，remarkable意为“显著的”，符合题意。分析句子结构可知，第二空处为句子的谓语动词，此处为客观描述，所以用一般现在时态，且主语为the remarkable development of this city，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式means。故填①remarkableb；②means。 22. whom 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：已有20多人登上月球，其中12人曾在月球上行走。根据分析句子结构以及句意可知，此处为“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是people，指人，此处应用关系代词whom引导，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。故填whom。 23. to 【解析】考查介词。句意：风能是一种古老的能源，我们可能在不久的将来重新使用它。此处是介词+which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词wind power，return to固定搭配，意为“重新恢复”，故填to。 24. conclusion 【解析】考查名词。句意：从统计数据中我们可以得出这样的结论：无家可归的人数正在增加。空处作宾语，结合空前的a可知，此处应填名词单数形式，conclusion“结论”，可数名词，draw a conclusion“得出结论”，故填draw a conclusion。 25. which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：上周我从图书馆借了一本关于夏洛克·福尔摩斯的书，是同学们推荐给我的。I borrowed a book about Sherlock Holmes from the library last week为主句部分，逗号后面是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰限定先行词a book，先行词在从句中充当recommend的宾语。故填which。 26. evaluate 【解析】考查动词。句意：我们需要评估这项政策的效果如何。分析句子结构可知，空处需填动词原形和to构成动词不定式，表示“评估”需用动词evaluate。故填evaluate。 27. where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:对我们来说，去当地的图书馆是一件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选出要读的书，或者他们想让我读给他们听的书。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词the local library，在从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 28. which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：眼前的展品是一套名为“编钟”的乐器，1978年在湖北省出土。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a set of musical instruments called chime bells，指物，关系词在从句中作主语。可以用which引导定语从句。故填which。 29. acknowledged acknowledgement 【解析】考查谓语动词和名词。句意：他承认汤姆帮了他很多忙，所以他写了一封信来感谢他的帮助。分析句子结构和意思可知，第一个空是句子谓语动词，这句话描述的是过去的事情，所以谓语用一般过去时；第二个空是做介词in的宾语，所以用名词形式。故填acknowledged，acknowledgement。 30. which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：地面被雪和冰覆盖，这使得驾驶非常危险。分析句子结构，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰空前的整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导从句。故填which。 31. distinction 【解析】考查词性转换。句意：很多人认为人类和其他动物截然不同。由冠词可知，应该填入distinct的名词形式distinction作动词make的宾语，短语make a distinction between…and…：把……和……区别开。故填distinction。 32. As 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：如你所知，在足球比赛中，球员们试图将球踢进或顶进对方球队的球门。句型as you know表示“如你所知”，as引导非限制性定语从句。句首单词首字母要大写。故填As。 33. theories 【解析】考查名词。句意：他总是把他的许多理论付诸社会实践。形容词性物主代词后面，应该加上名词。many修饰可数名词的复数形式，故填theories。 34. which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在费城这个比达拉斯还小的都会区，艺术对经济的影响接近30亿美元，提供了4.4万个工作岗位，其中80%实际上不在艺术行业，包括会计、营销人员、建筑工人、酒店经理、印刷工人和其他类型的艺术工作者。分析句子可知，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，代替先行词jobs，指物，在从句中充当主语，且跟在介词of后面，所以只能填关系代词which。故填which。 35. scientist scientific 【解析】考查名词和形容词。句意：小时候，他就对科学表现出了极大的兴趣，想成为一名科学家。现在他致力于做科学研究。第一空作表语，结合上文不定冠词可知应填单数名词scientist；第二空作定语修饰名词researches，应用scientific。故填①scientist；②scientific。 36. Gradually 【解析】考查副词。句意：渐渐地，小汤姆习惯了作为一个孩子和一桌成年人在一起。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语修饰整个句子，gradual的副词为gradually意为“逐渐地”，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Gradually。 37. academic 【解析】考查形容词。句意：“考研人数增多”的一个原因是现在的工作对学历要求越来越高。修饰后文名词requirements ，作定语，应用形容词academic。故填academic。 38. which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在暴风雨中，我躲在树下避雨，我父亲后来告诉我，这不是一个明智的选择，因为我可能会被闪电击中。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处引导非限定性定语从句，关系词指代前面整句话的内容，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 39. founded 【解析】考查时态。句意：义工旅行可以追溯到20世纪60年代，当时来自英国的亚历克·迪克森和他的妻子莫拉创立了海外志愿服务组织（VSO），这是一个国际志愿组织。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“the 1960s”可知，when引导的从句时态为一般过去时，谓语用found“创立”的过去式。故填founded。 40. finish/should finish 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：老师坚持要他的学生独自完成作业。分析句子可知，insist表“坚决主张，坚持要求”时，其后的that从句中用sb.should do sth.的虚拟语气，should可省略，因此空格处可填(should)finish。故填finish或should finish。 41. Gradually 【解析】考查副词。句意：玛雅文明在公元250年到900年之间最为重要。逐渐地，玛雅文明从墨西哥中部传播到洪都拉斯、危地马拉和萨尔瓦多北部。此处修饰后面的句子，应用副词gradually，作状语，首字母大写。故填Gradually。 42. circumstances 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：在任何情况下，这个人都不会向困难屈服。此处考查介词短语Under no circumstances，意为“决不，无论如何都不”，设空处应用名词复数circumstances。故填circumstances。 43. as 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：正如人们所发现的，很多语言学习都发生在婴儿出生的第一年。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代的是A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life.该事实，意为“正如”。故填as。 44. on 【解析】考查介词。句意：她坚持要他穿西装。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用动词短语insist on“坚持”。故填on。 45. which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在英语演讲比赛中我获得了第一名，这让同学们很惊讶。　　 surprised my classmates是非限制性定语从句，修饰前边的整个句子，从句中缺少主语，关系词代替整个主句的内容，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 46. in which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我买了一本画册，里面有许多风景优美的明信片。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为an album，因空白处在定语从句中作状语且be included in为固定句型，所以将介词in提前构成in which结构引导定语从句，故填in which。 47. politician/politicians 【解析】考查名词。句意：这位/些政治家将会见记者，讨论共同关心的问题。由空前定冠词the可知，此处为名词politician(s)“政治家”单复数都可以，满足句意要求。故填politician(s)。 48. scientific 【解析】考查形容词。句意：科研小组正在研究气候变化对环境的影响。修饰名词research team，用形容词形式。science的形容词形式为scientific，表示“科学的”。故填scientific。 49. whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：汤姆的哥哥，此刻正在海南，他的工作使他周游全世界。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是Tom’s brother，指人，关系词在定语从句作名词work的定语，表示所属关系，意为“……的”，所以空处需用关系代词whose引导非限制性定语从句。故填whose。 50. circumstances 【解析】考查固定用法。句意：无论如何我都不会向任何人提及这个秘密。此处包含固定用法under no circumstances，意为“无论如何不、决不”,位于句首时，其后要采用部分倒装，故填circumstances。 51. extraordinarily 【解析】考查副词。句意：现在在中东地区，世界其他地区要达成协议是异常困难的。分析句子可知，空中的词用来修饰形容词作状语，应用副词形式，故填extraordinarily。 52. that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰movie，指物，由形容词最高级修饰先行词，用关系代词that。故填that。 53. which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：朱丽叶出现在上面的一扇窗户旁，她的美貌仿佛从窗户里透出东方的阳光。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词window，作介词的宾语，指物，故用which。故填which。 54. where 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：该计划旨在创造一种气氛，在这种氛围下，员工们被激励着努力工作。分析句子可知，空处应填关系词引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere，表示“气氛，氛围”，指抽象的地点。又因为从句缺少地点状语，所以空处应填关系副词where来充当从句的地点状语，相当于in the atmosphere，表示“在这种氛围下”。故填where。 55. As 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：就像孩子们常有的情况一样，等大夫到了艾米的情况就好多了。分析句式结构可知，此处是位于句首的非限制性定语从句，从句置于句首只有引导词as可以，as在句中作主语，指代后面的整个句子，且位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填As。 56. whose 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我们帮不了琳达，她的情况我们无法控制。分析句子可知，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，代替先行词Linda，并在从句中作定语，修饰名词circumstances，所以应填关系代词whose。故填whose。 57. will be raining 【解析】考查时态。句意：我们最好带上雨伞。我确信我们到达伦敦时会下雨。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，it(天气)和rain为主动关系，且由I’m sure和when we arrive in London可知，这里时态应用将来进行时，表将来某时刻正在发生的动作。故填will be raining。 which 【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：（别人）给了我三本关于烹饪的书，其中第一本我真的很喜欢。先行词为three books，关系词在介词of后面作宾语，指物，只能填which。故填which。 59. which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：深海中的鱼是地球上最奇怪的生物之一，其中许多还有待研究。还有待研究。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词creatures，作介词的宾语，指物，应用which。故填which。 60. mostly 【解析】考查副词。句意：我的工作伙伴大多是积极向上的人。副词修饰形容词motivated，作状语，故填mostly。 61. theories 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：另一方面，科学理论是无法预测的；它们必须被制定和确认。they指代“科学理论”，用可数名词theory的复数形式作主语。故填theories。 62. which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：到目前为止，我们已经为贫困儿童筹集了5万英镑，这相当出乎意料。分析句子可知，本句是非限制性定语从句，其中先行词是前面的整个主句Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children，空格处在定语从句中作主语，应用关系词which。故填which。 63. consequently 【解析】考查副词。句意：汤姆在中国住了很多年，因此他能讲一口流利的汉语。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语修饰整个句子，consequent为形容词，其副词为consequently。故填consequently。 64. using 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：就像古代的水手，鸟儿可以通过用太阳和星星来找到它们的路。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语birds和use之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填using。 65. which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上个月我买了一本小说，是一位著名作家写的。分析句子结构，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，指代先行词a novel，指物，在从句中作主语，所以应用which引导。故填which。 66. as 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在他们的第一天，正如典型的温哥华一样，下雨了。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，意为“正如”，应用as引导从句。故填as。 67. in which 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：他可能得了急性阑尾炎，在这种情况下他必须动手术。结合句意“在这种情况下”可知短语为in which case，引导非限制性定语从句，which指代前文有急性阑尾炎这种情况。故填in which。 68. as 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，月球每个月绕地球一周。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句。关系词指代后面一整句话的内容，在从句中充当主语，且意为“正如”，所以用关系代词as引导从句。故填As。 69. whom 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：这位老人有三个儿子，没有一个是医生。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，空处为引导词，表示人，且其前为介词of，需用who的宾格whom。故填whom。 70. was defeated 【解析】考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：虽然在2020年英雄联盟全球总决赛中这支中国队伍输给了韩国队，但它展现出了强大的竞争力和潜力。根据by和语境可知，此处应用被动语态；根据主句中的showed可知，从句也应用一般过去时。从句主语the Chinese team是第三人称单数形式，故填was defeated。 71. which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：多萝西总是炫耀她的衣服，这当然让我们有点恼火。分析句子可知空处作主语引导非限制性定语从句，句中of course为插入语，空处指代Dorothy was always showing off her clothes这一件事，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 72. which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他第一次尝试就通过了驾驶考试，这使他很兴奋。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 73. committed 【解析】考查形容词。句意：汤姆是这个团队的忠实成员。根据空后“member(成员)”为名词，此处应是用形容词形式，作其定语。“commit”，动词，意为“投入，承担义务”，其形容词形式为“committed(尽心尽力的，忠诚的)”。故填committed。 74. be obtained 【解析】考查语态。句意：我们可以从北京总部获得进一步的信息。根据句意可知，此处表示“信息可以被获得”，主语Further information和动词obtain(获得)是被动关系，前面有情态动词can，应用be obtained，故答案为be obtained。 75. which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：越来越多的动物被猎杀，其中一些正在灭绝。分析可知，“some of ____________ are dying out”应是之前名词more and more animals的非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句作介词of的宾语，应用which作为关系词。故填which。 76. gradually 【解析】考查副词。句意：小块的食物可以用小树枝吃，小树枝逐渐变成了筷子。根据句子分析可知，此处应用副词“gradually逐渐地，渐渐地”作状语，修饰动词turned into，故填gradually。 77. which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：舞狮是中国传统舞蹈的一种形式，经常出现在重要的节日和重大活动中。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词a form of traditional dance。先行词指事物，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。 78. to defeat 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国女排的最终目标是击败对手，夺取下届奥运会的金牌。分析句子结构可知，空处放在is后作表语。根据主语goal可知，表示目标，用不定式作表语。故填：to defeat。 79. (should) carry 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：至关重要的是，我们应该立即进行手术。根据所给句子分析可知，句中it为形式主语，that引导的从句为主语从句。根据It’s vital （重要的/必要的）+从句，从句应用虚拟语气，谓语部分示用should+动词原形（should可省略），故填(should) carry。 80. where 【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：我认为北京是最美的城市，我去年在那里度过了暑假。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Beijing，且从句中缺少地点状语，需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 二、 1 81. won 82. other 83. suffering 84. which 85. diseases 86. powerful 87. against 88. majority 89. awarded 90. achievements 【解析】本文是说明文。主要介绍中国科学家屠呦呦获得诺贝尔医学奖。 81. 考查动词的时态。句意：威廉·坎贝尔、大村智和屠呦呦因对抗寄生虫病而共同获得2015年诺贝尔医学奖。根据句意，获得2015年的诺贝尔奖是过去的事情，因此用一般过去时，故填won。 82. 考查代词。句意：中国科学家屠呦呦因发现青蒿素而获得该奖的另一半，这种药物大大降低了疟疾患者的死亡率。the other half of the prize意为“奖项的另一半”，故填other。 83. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子可知，suffer作定语修饰patients，此处patients和suffer为主动关系，故用现在分词表示主动，故填suffering。 84. 考查定语从句。句意：出生于爱尔兰的坎贝尔和日本的大村智获得了该奖一半的奖金，因为他们发明了一种名为阿维菌素的新药，这种药物有助于对抗河盲症，并对其他疾病显示出了有效性。分析句子可知，“　　4　　has helped the battle against river blindness”作定语，修饰avermectin，avermectin是一种药品，指物，在从句中作主语，用which。故填which。 85. 考查名词的单复数。句意同上。表示“其他的疾病”，other＋复数名词，故填diseases。 86. 考查形容词。句意：这两项发现为人类抗击这些每年影响数亿人的疾病提供了强大的新手段。此空修饰名词means，故用形容词形式作定语，故填powerful。 87. 考查固定搭配。句意同上。fight against意为“与……抗争”，根据句意，故填against。 88. 考查名词。句意：尽管在控制疟疾方面取得了迅速的进展，这种由蚊子传播的疾病每年仍导致50多万人死亡，其中绝大多数是非洲最贫穷地区的婴儿和幼儿。the majority of...“大多数……”，是固定短语，形容词修饰名词。故填majority。 89. 考查非谓语动词。句意：医学奖是每年颁发的第一个诺贝尔奖。分析句子可知，award作定语，修饰the Nobel prizes，二者之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词，故填awarded。 90. 考查名词。句意：根据阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的遗愿，科学、文学与和平奖于1901年首次颁发。for为介词，后应该用名词形式，且“科学成就”应是复数意义，故填achievements。 2 91. who 92. located 93. a 94. To support 95. as 96. has taught/ has been teaching 97. incredibly 98. it 99. busiest 100. admiration 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了作为导游和商贩的徐秀珍老人通过和游客学习，能够用多国外语和外国游客交流，吸引了众多游客，也引起了网友的关注。 91. 考查定语从句。句意：77岁的徐秀珍在一个景点卖水、明信片和头饰花，她能和外国人说11种不同的语言，她的视频让她一夜成名。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词Xu Xiuzhen进行补充说明，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。故填who。 92. 考查非谓语动词。句意：徐秀珍的村庄位于月亮山的山脚，是一个受欢迎的景点，以山顶的月形洞而闻名。分析句子可知，空处作Xu’s village的后置修饰语，为非谓语动词，locate和Xu’s village逻辑上是被动关系，应用locate的过去分词形式located。故填located。 93. 考查冠词。句意：徐秀珍的村庄位于月亮山的山脚，是一个受欢迎的景点，以山顶的月形洞而闻名。分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一个”，应用不定冠词，且popular以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 94. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了养家，小学三年级就辍学的徐秀珍一直在阳朔的一个县城和度假小镇做导游和小贩。分析句子可知，空处作句子的目的状语，support和Xu逻辑上是主动关系，应用support的不定式形式to support，且空处位于句首，to首字母需大写。故填To support。 95. 考查介词。句意：为了养家，小学三年级就辍学的徐秀珍一直在阳朔的一个县城和度假小镇做导游和小贩。根据working和a tour guide and vendor可推知，此处表示“做导游和小贩”，即“以导游和小贩的身份工作”，应用固定短语work as，空处用介词as。故填as。 96. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的二十年里，徐秀珍自学了所有的外语，包括英语、西班牙语、日语、德语、希伯来语和韩语。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，根据时间状语Over the past two decades可知，动作从过去开始发生，可以用现在完成时强调动作对现在的影响，也可以用现在完成进行时表示动作会继续进行下去，主语Xu为单数，助动词用has。故填has taught/has been teaching。 97. 考查副词。句意：除了让她非常受欢迎之外，她的语言能力也让她更容易与外国游客交流。修饰形容词popular，前用副词形式。故填incredibly。 98. 考查代词。句意：除了让她非常受欢迎之外，她的语言能力也让她更容易与外国游客交流。根据made和easier for her to communicate with foreign tourists可推知，此处表示“让她更容易与外国游客交流”，应用固定搭配make it adj for sb. to do sth.，其中it是形式主语，空处应用it。故填it。 99. 考查形容词最高级。句意：因此，徐秀珍也成为了阳朔最忙碌的导游之一。根据one of the可推知，此处用固定搭配“one of the+最高级+名词复数”，表示“最……之一”，空处应用busy的最高级形式busiest，意为“最忙碌的”。故填busiest。 100. 考查名词。句意：她的名声每天都吸引着一大群游客，尤其是外国游客，他们出于钦佩而来见这位会说多种语言的导游。分析句子可知，空处作out of的宾语，admire的名词形式admiration符合题意，意为“钦佩”，是不可数名词。故填admiration。 3 101. and 102. Members 103. worsen 104. unclear 105. fully 106. was respected 107. destruction 108. starting 109. when 110. as 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了伊丽莎白二世逝世的消息，以及她的从政史。 101. 考查连词。句意：伊丽莎白统治了70多年，成为英国在位时间最长的君主。上下文为顺承关系，应用and连接谓语动词resigned和became。故填and。 102. 考查名词的数。句意：在她的健康状况出现恶化后，皇室成员纷纷赶来陪伴她。member“成员”是可数名词，皇室成员不止一个，故此处应用其复数形式，作主语。故填Members。 103. 考查动词。句意同上。appear to do“似乎/看起来做某事”中的to是不定式符号，其后接动词原形。worse的动词形式是worsen。故填worsen。 104. 考查形容词。句意：目前还不清楚他将以查尔斯三世国王的身份统治，还是以另一个名字统治。空处应填形容词作表语，根据“whether he will reign as King Charles III or under another name.”可知，此事还不清楚，形容词unclear“不清楚的”符合题意。故填unclear。 105. 考查副词。句意：她去世的影响可能在数年内都无法完全知晓。修饰动词known应用副词。故填fully。 106. 考查时态和语态。句意：她帮助巩固了英国的君主制，受到英国公众和世界领导人的尊重。空处和上文helped为并列的谓语动词，故用一般过去时，且主语she和respect之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was respected。 107. 考查名词。句意：在她统治期间，她的国家在第二次世界大战后重建。根据空前the和空后of可知，此处应填名词构成名词所有格。故填destruction。 108. 考查非谓语动词。句意：从英国著名的战时领导人温斯顿·丘吉尔开始，伊丽莎白曾与15位英国首相共事。句中已有谓语动词served with且无连词，故空处应填非谓语动词，逻辑主语“伊丽莎白与首相共事”和start之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填starting。 109. 考查定语从句。句意：这条线一直延伸到9月6日，当时她接受了鲍里斯·约翰逊的辞职，并欢迎利兹·特拉斯成为该国的新首相。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是September 6，代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。 110. 考查介词。句意同上。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处应用介词as表示“作为”。故填as。 4 111. inventor 112. were 113. on/upon 114. the 115. messages 116. named 117. was given 118. later 119. getting 120. whom 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了贝尔发明第一部电话的过程。 111. 考查名词。句意：亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔是一位有影响力的科学家、工程师和发明家。与句中scientist, engineer并列，指贝尔是科学家，工程师和发明家。故填inventor。 112. 考查动词时态。句意：贝尔的母亲和妻子都是聋人，这对他的工作产生了影响。此处是陈述过去的事实，与下句had时态一致也用一般过去时，主语Bell’s mother and wife是复数，系动词用were。故填were。 113. 考查介词。句意：贝尔的母亲和妻子都是聋人，这对他的工作产生了影响。have an effect on/upon…“对……有影响”，是固定搭配。故填on/upon。 114. 考查冠词。句意：贝尔研究了人类的声音，并与不同的聋人学校合作。定冠词the+形容词表示一类人，此处the deaf指聋子。故填the。 115. 考查名词。句意：他对声音进行实验，研究声音，研究用来发送不同信息和记录声音的设备。message是可数名词，此处由different修饰用复数形式，指不同的消息。故填messages。 116. 考查过去分词。句意：他和电气设计师托马斯·沃森(Thomas Watson)一起研究声学电报。句中an electrical designer和动词name是被动关系，用过去分词表被动在此作后置定语。指被叫做Thomas Watson的电气设计师。故填named。 117. 考查动词的被动语态。句意：最后，贝尔获得了这项专利。句中主语Bell和动词give是被动关系，根据时间状语On February 14, 1876可知用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是Bell，be动词用was。故填was given。 118. 考查副词。句意：几天后，他成功地把电话修好了。此处表示“几天后”， later“后来，稍后”常用于“时间+later”结构中。故填later。 119. 考查动名词。句意：几天后，他成功地把电话修好了。succeed in doing sth.表示“成功地做某事”，介词in后用动名词作宾语。故填getting。 120. 考查定语从句引导词。句意：他曾经说过:“总有一天，坐在电话旁的人能够看到远处与之说话的人。”句中包含定语从句，先行词是the distant person，指人，且在从句中作介词to后的宾语，所以用whom引导定语从句。故填whom。 5 121. touched 122. extremely 123. where 124. interest 125. than 126. to find 127. means 128. is constructed 129. much 130. its 【解析】这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。 121. .考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。 122. 考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。 123. 考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。 124. 考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。 125. 考查介词。句意：因为它比近地面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。 126. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。 127. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。 128. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。 129. 考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。 130. 考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$