21.选择性必修第一册Unit 5-2025年高考英语一轮复习教材核心词汇复习(PPT讲解+练习清单)(人教版2019)

选修性必修一 Unit 5 Working the Land 1 Ⅰ. 重点词汇 1. convince vt. 使相信; 使确信; 说服 【教材原句】 Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. (P50) 袁隆平坚信, 可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到答案。 【词块必记】 convince sb. of sth. 　　　使某人相信某事 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb. that. . . 使某人相信…… 【构词法】 convinced adj. 坚信的; 深信的; 确信的; convincing adj. 令人信服的; convincingly adv. 令人信服地; 有说服力地 【易混辨析】 convince指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服。persuade普通用词, 指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事。urge语气强, 指不断地热情地规劝诱导。 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①She was more than ever convinced __ her wisdom in not exposing herself to the English climate. ②It took many hours __________(convince) me of his guilt.   ③By __________ (convince) me that no good could come of staying, he persuaded me to leave. ④I’m _________(convince) that she is telling the truth. of to convince convincing convinced 2. assumption n. [C] 假定; 设定; (责任的)承担; (权利的)获得 【教材原句】 The common assumption then was that it could not be done. (P50)当时人们普遍认为这是不可能做到的。 【词块必记】 make assumptions/an assumption about. . . 　对……做假设 on the assumption that. . . 假定……, 假设…… 【构词法】 assume vt. 假定, 认为; 承担(责任); →assuming conj. 假如, 假设为真 【熟词生义】 assumption的另一个意思是“担任, 承担”, 多与介词of连用。 【知识微练】 完成句子 ①The theory is based on __________________________.   这一理论是以一系列错误的设想为依据的。 ②Don’t rely on the information she gave you; it is _______________.   不要相信她告诉你的消息, 那完全是臆测。 ③The theory is bottomed on ______________________.   这一理论是建立在靠不住的假设基础上的。 ④I made a mistake and I will ________________________.   我错了, 我愿为此承担责任。 a series of wrong assumptions pure assumption questionable assumptions assume responsibility for it 3. attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得; 得到 【教材原句】 One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. (P50) 杂交作物的一个特点是它们的产量通常比常规作物高。 【易混辨析】attain, reach, achieve, arrive均有“达到”之意。 (1)attain侧重指在抱负或雄心的激励下, 以最大的努力去达到一般所不及或不敢追求的目的。 (2)reach常用词, 指到达某一空间、时间、目标或发展过程中的某一点。 (3)achieve侧重为达到目的所需的技巧、忍耐和努力。 (4)arrive指得出结论, 达成某项协议或做出某一决定等。该词是不及物动词, 后面通常接介词at。 【知识微练】 完成句子 ①I’m determined to __________________________.   我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。 ②The country ______________________in 1972.   这个国家在1972年获得了独立。 ③They finally ______________________.   他们最终到达了他们的目的地。 ④He will never _______________if he doesn’t work hard.   他如果不努力工作就永远不会有所成就。 attain my purpose at any cost attained its independence reached their destination achieve anything Ⅱ. 核心短语 4. devote. . . to 把……用于; 献身; 致力; 专心 【典型例句】 Now, she is a model and performance artist devoted to ocean conservation. 现在, 她是一名致力于海洋保护的模特和行为艺术家。 【词块必记】 be devoted to(doing) sth. 献身于; 专心致志于(做)某事 devote one’s life/ time/ energy to ( doing) sth. 把某人的生命/时间/精力献给…… devote oneself to 致力于; 献身于; 专心于 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①He always devotes his attention _________(help) the homeless children.   ②_______(devote) to his research, he almost forgot everything about himself. ③We appreciated his ________(devote) to the project. to helping Devoted devotion 5. in turn相应地; 转而; 依次; 轮流 【典型例句】 It can be quite stressful at times, though, which in turn makes me feel anxious. 然而, 有时压力很大, 这反过来又让我感到焦虑。 【词块必记】 by turns轮流地(表示“轮流地, 交替地”, 相当于alternately, in turn, 多用来强调某一时期反复发生的动作) take turns in doing/to do sth. 　　　轮流做某事 It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。 take one’s turn 轮到某人做 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①The shop assistants had to have their days off ___ turns. ②They had to take turns ______(look) after the patients.   ③I think it’s my turn _______(drive) the kids to school this week.   ④People try to avoid transportation delays by using their own cars, and this __ turn creates further problems. 完成句子 ⑤Theory is based on practice and ____________________.   理论以实践为基础, 反过来又为实践服务。 by to look to drive in in turn serves practice 6. keep. . . free of /from. . . 使……免受(影响、伤害等) 【教材原句】 Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means. (P55)有机农户专注于通过自然手段保持土壤肥沃和没有疾病。 【词块必记】 keep up　　　　　　　 保持, 使不低落 keep up with 赶上, 不落后 keep out(of. . . ) 不让……进入 keep off 离开; 避开 【易混辨析】keep/ stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth. 都表示“阻止某人做某事”的意思, 但stop, prevent中的from可省略, 而keep中的from不可省略。若把from省略, 则keep sb. doing sth. 意为“使某人一直做某事”。在被动语态中, from都不可省略。 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①We should keep the children free _______ drugs. ②She has kept ___ physical training for several years without interruption. ③In the years ahead, he reflected, he would need to stay alert and informed just to keep up ____ Celia mentally. ④He wants you to keep him ________ (inform)of how things are going with you. ⑤The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices ___. of/from up with informed up Ⅲ. 经典句式 7. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life. 确实, 他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的数百万中国农民一样。  【典型例句】 The person about whom they are talking is our math teacher. 他们正在谈论的那个人是我们的数学老师。 【句型公式】 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句, 关系代词前介词选择三原则: 一先, 二动, 三意义(重中之重)。一先, 即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择; 二动, 即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择; 三意义, 即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。注意有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分, 介词只能放在动词后, 如: look for。 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①Can you tell me the date ___ which you were born? ②His glasses, _______ which he could see nothing, fell on the ground and broke. ③He built a telescope _______ which he could study the sky. ④I never forget the day on ______ I came to this school. ⑤October 1, 1949 was the date ___ which the People’s Republic of China was founded. ⑥Tom’s father has bought a car __ which he goes to work on without through which on in 【补充要点】 1. estimate vt. 估计; 估价; 估算 n. 估计; 估算 【典型例句】 I estimate it will take three months to build the bridge. 我估计建造这座桥得用3个月时间。 【词块必记】 estimate sth. at. . . 　　　　　估算某物为…… be estimated to do sth. 估计做某事 It is estimated (that). . . 据估计…… at a rough estimate 粗略估计 make an accurate estimate 准确估计 【知识微练】 完成句子 ①________________(据估计)total investment in the country will continue to increase this year.   ②_________________(粗略估计), the army must have   covered 250 miles that day. ③We need to _______________________( 作出准确的估计)beforehand. It is estimated that At a rough estimate make an accurate estimate 2. reality n. 现实; 实际情况; 事实 【教材原句】 His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production. (P51) 他对“海水稻”的最新设想也已成为现实, 并可能在中国开辟近100万平方千米的盐碱地, 用于水稻生产。 【词块必记】 become a reality 　　　　 变成现实 in reality 事实上; 实际上 bring. . . back to reality 使……回到现实 face/accept reality 面对/接受现实 escape from reality 逃避现实 turn. . . into reality/ realities 实现 【构词法】real adj. 真的; 真实的→really adv. 真正地; realistic adj. 现实的; 实事求是的 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①When the ______(real) was destroyed, the legend had freedom to expand. ② His plans were transformed overnight ____ reality. ③There is the point that the wealth that most people seem to be enjoying is not theirs __ reality. reality into in 完成句子 ④The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, allowing for _______________________ _______. 6G的速度将会超过每秒125GB, 使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。  ⑤Mr Green is a professor ______________________.   格林先生是徒有虚名的教授。 ⑥We thought he was serious but ________________________. 我们以为他是认真的, 但实际上他是在开玩笑。  ⑦When someone says, “Don’t bury your head in the sand. ”, he means you shouldn’t _________________(逃避现实).   a new generation of virtual reality in name but not in reality in reality/fact he was joking escape from reality 3. overcome vt. 克服; 解决; 战胜 【典型例句】 Nobody could overcome her jump. 她的一跳, 无人能超越。 【词块必记】 be overcome with grief 　　　 　　　 悲不自胜 be overcome with regret 后悔不已 overcome one’s shortcomings 克服某人的缺点 be overcome with homesickness 乡愁满肠 overcome shortcomings in one’s work 克服工作中的缺点 overcome difficulties 战胜困难 【知识微练】 完成句子 ①Helping my husband to _______________________was a real test of our love.   帮助我丈夫渡过难关的确是对我们爱情的一次考验。 ②As long as we are united, there is no difficulty __________________.   只要大伙儿拧成一股绳, 没有克服不了的困难。 ③Once ______________________(攻下这一困难), other problems will be easy to solve.   overcome the difficult time we cannot overcome this difficulty is overcome 4. be comprised of 包括; 包含; 由……组成(或构成) 【教材原句】 Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. (P50) 据估算, 现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物, 这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。 【词块必记】 be made up of　 由……组成 consist of 由……组成 【知识微练】 单句语法填空 ①A cricket team is comprised __ eleven players. ②This month’s figures _____________(comprise) in the total.   完成句子 ③The class ____________________________________________.   这个班级主要由英国和法国的学生组成。 ④The chapters __________________________________are especially good.   构成那部小说开头部分的几章特别好。 of are comprised is comprised mainly of British and French students that comprise the first part of the novel 附1： 1. 话题词汇 (1)introduction(引言): Nowadays more and more people. . . /. . . plays an important role in. . . /. . . have both advantages and disadvantages. . . /Generally speaking, the favorable aspects/advantages can be listed as follows. . . (2)main body(主体): Firstly. . . Secondly. . . In addition/What’s more/Moreover. . . /Every coin has two sides. . . / To make things worse. . . (3)Conclusion(结论): Through above analysis/All things considered, we can see. . . /Therefore. . . 2. 话题句式 (1)总起: Different people hold different opinions/The opinions are divided/People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards/People have different opinions on this problem/People take different views on this question (2)表达不同观点: of them hold the opinion that/of them are in favor of the idea that/People who are for/against the idea think/Some people believe that. . . Others argue that. . . (3)不同观点之间的衔接: However, some of them hold a different view/ hold the opposite opinion/People who are against it don’t think so/However, each coin has two sides/Different from those, people think/On the other hand. . . /People object that. . . (4)并列关系: and, as well as, also (5)递进关系: besides, in addition, moreover, what’s more (6)比较、对比: like, unlike, on the contrary, on the other hand 3·话题实践 语用功能表达 表示赞同: 1. It certainly is! /True enough. /Of course. /Certainly. /All right. 的确是这样。/确实如此。 2. Exactly my thoughts. 我也正是这么想的。 3. I couldn’t agree more. I think that’s a good idea. 我非常同意。我认为那是个好主意。 4. I think I’d accept your view on that. 我想我接受你在那方面的观点。 5. I don’t think anyone would disagree. 我认为没有人会不同意。 6. That’s just my cup of tea. 这正合我意。 表示不赞同: 1. I don’t think so. /I’m afraid not. /Of course not. /No way. 我不这样认为。/恐怕不……。/当然不……。/不可能。 2. I’m sorry, but I don’t totally agree with you. 很抱歉, 我不完全同意你的看法。 3. Yes, but that doesn’t make sense. 是的, 但那没有道理。 4. I refuse to believe that. 我不敢相信。 5. I’m not sure that’s correct. 我不敢说那是对的。 6. To be honest, I don’t necessarily agree. 说实话, 我未必同意。 附2：构词规律 根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词 1. -tion常用于动词之后构成名词 assume v. → assumption　 n. 假设 consume v. → ____________　n. 消费 explore v. →__________　n. 勘查 explain v. →___________ n. 解释 examine v. →___________ n. 考试 consumption exploration explanation examination 2. 名词之后加 -al, 可转化为形容词 agriculture n. →agricultural adj. 农业的 medicine n. →_______ adj. 医疗的, 医学的 nation n. →________adj. 民族的, 国家的 medical national Thank you 41 $$2025高考英语一轮复习教材核心词汇复习(PPT讲解+练习清单)(人教版2019) 选择性必修第一册Unit 5 I.词汇默写 Ⅰ. 核心单词 1. _______________________　　 n. 不足; 缺少; 短缺 2. _______________________ vt. 解决(难题); 应付(局面); 处理 3. _______________________ n. 现实; 实际情况; 事实 4. _______________________ vt. 使相信; 使确信; 说服 5. _______________________ n. 假定; 设定; (责任的)承担; (权利的)获得 6. _______________________ vt. (通常经过努力)获得; 得到 7. _______________________ vt. 克服; 解决; 战胜 8. _______________________ adj. 热切的; 十分强烈的; 激烈的 9. _______________________ vt. 产生; 引起 10. _______________________ adj. 完全必要的; 极其重要的 Ⅱ. 拓展单词 1. devote vt. 把……献(给); 把……专用于; 专心于→_______________________ adj. 专心的→_______________________ n. 献身, 热爱 2. deep adj. 深的→_______________________ n. 向下(或向里)的距离; 深(度) 3. expand v. 扩大; 发展→_______________________ n. 扩大, 发展 4. convention n. 惯例; 常规; 习俗→_______________________ adj. 习惯的, 传统的 5. character n. 个性; 品质; 字符; 人物→_______________________ n. 特征; 特点; 品质adj. 典型的; 独特的 6. estimate vt. 估计→_______________________ n. 估算; 估价 7. consume v. 消费→_______________________ n. 消费→_______________________ n. 消费者 8. nutrition n. 营养; 滋养→_______________________ adj. 有营养的→_______________________ adj. 营养(物)的 9. digest v. 消化→_______________________ n. 消化; 领悟 10. entire adj. 整个的; 完全的; 全部的→_______________________ adv. 完全地; 全然地; 整个地 III.核心短语 1. _______________________　　　把……用于; 献身; 致力; 专心 2. _______________________ 包括; 由……组成(或构成)  3. _______________________ 在内心深处; 本质上; 实际上  4. _______________________ 相应地; 转而; 依次; 轮流  5. _______________________ 例如; 比如  6. _______________________ 转向  7. _______________________ 使……免受(影响、伤害等)  8. _______________________ 扩大成/发展成为……  9. _______________________通过不懈的努力 10. _______________________ 几乎相反, 远非; 远离  IV.经典句式 1. 句型公式: 主语从句 However, _______________________ (最让他担心的是)was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.   2. 句型公式: 介词+关系代词 Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, _______________________( 他为之奉献了一生的).   3. 句型公式: 动词不定式作目的状语 _______________________ (为了应对这一危机), he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.   4. 句型公式: given that 考虑到 _______________________(考虑到)Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.   参考答案 Ⅰ. 核心单词 1. shortage　　 n. 不足; 缺少; 短缺 2. tackle vt. 解决(难题); 应付(局面); 处理 3. reality n. 现实; 实际情况; 事实 4. convince vt. 使相信; 使确信; 说服 5. assumption n. 假定; 设定; (责任的)承担; (权利的)获得 6. attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得; 得到 7. overcome vt. 克服; 解决; 战胜 8. intense adj. 热切的; 十分强烈的; 激烈的 9. generate vt. 产生; 引起 10. essential adj. 完全必要的; 极其重要的 Ⅱ. 拓展单词 1. devote vt. 把……献(给); 把……专用于; 专心于→devoted adj. 专心的→devotion n. 献身, 热爱 2. deep adj. 深的→depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离; 深(度) 3. expand v. 扩大; 发展→expansion n. 扩大, 发展 4. convention n. 惯例; 常规; 习俗→conventional adj. 习惯的, 传统的 5. character n. 个性; 品质; 字符; 人物→characteristic n. 特征; 特点; 品质adj. 典型的; 独特的 6. estimate vt. 估计→estimation n. 估算; 估价 7. consume v. 消费→consumption n. 消费→consumer n. 消费者 8. nutrition n. 营养; 滋养→nutritious adj. 有营养的→nutritional adj. 营养(物)的 9. digest v. 消化→digestion n. 消化; 领悟 10. entire adj. 整个的; 完全的; 全部的→entirely adv. 完全地; 全然地; 整个地 III.核心短语 1. devote. . . to　　　把……用于; 献身; 致力; 专心 2. be comprised of 包括; 由……组成(或构成)  3. deep down 在内心深处; 本质上; 实际上  4. in turn 相应地; 转而; 依次; 轮流  5. for instance 例如; 比如  6. turn to 转向  7. keep. . . from. . . 使……免受(影响、伤害等)  8. expand into. . . 扩大成/发展成为……  9. through intense effort 通过不懈的努力 10. far from 几乎相反, 远非; 远离  IV.经典句式 1. 句型公式: 主语从句 However, what concerned him most (最让他担心的是)was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.   2. 句型公式: 介词+关系代词 Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life( 他为之奉献了一生的).   3. 句型公式: 动词不定式作目的状语 To tackle this crisis (为了应对这一危机), he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.   4. 句型公式: given that 考虑到 Given that(考虑到)Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.   II.综合练习 一、单句填空 1. Anything worth doing is worthy (do) well. 2. he will have his novel published in two weeks is really a surprise to all of us. 3. (who) breaks the law will be punished. 4. As their world (expand), she said, children compared themselves to others online. 5. I wanted, more than anything, was a few days’ rest. 6. All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of (chemical) in farming is damaging our health. 7. The first step is (check) the patient’s breathing. 8. The professor said scientists once that the theory was based on a wrong . (assume) 9. It doesn’t matter you pay by cash or credit in this store. 10. Yuan Longping (be) born in 1930 in Beijing. 11. The government claims that tobacco companies failed to warn (consume) about the danger of smoking. 12. The scientist is more (convince)than ever that his experiment worked and that he has detected life on Mars. 13. is important whether he can finish the work in time. 14. interested her most was the longitude line. 15. I don’t think it worthwhile     (devote) so much time to discussing the matter. 16. It (estimate) that the project will last more than ten years. 17. They communicated (entire) by gesture. 18. It’s jaw-dropping much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. 19. It is (essence) that your diet is varied and balanced. 20. It is obvious he is fond of riding a bike to work. 21. It is obvious we should cooperate with each other and make full preparations for the competition. 22. There are (alternative) to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. 23. There is a (short) of fresh water on the island. 24. In a word, reading English novels can help us improve our English from many (aspect). 25. Like any other parents would，my parents first totally refused my idea but my sister and I (convince) them to keep Spotty. 26. Premier Zhou is a politician. What was it that him from other peers at his very young age? He could between right and wrong earlier than other children.(distinguish) 27. It is suggested the work (should) be done with great care. 28. Once she (make) up her mind，nothing can change it. 29. The government has called on people to reduce the amount of (chemical)used in food production 30. Dirty shorts and old shoes gave him the appearance of a real beggar and his （convince）dialect soon won him the trust of the beggars. 31. The orphan came from Hainan Province, lost his parents when he was a baby. 32. A researcher comments, “Our surprise teenagers say they get along well with their parents comes because of a brief period in our social history when teenagers were regarded as different beings.” 33. The CEO promised that the company would be a place for creative ideas to (generate) 34. Actually, I said I felt like quitting, but I didn’t mean it (literal). 35. Healthy eaters look for food which has good quality. (营养) 36. makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 37. We will meet with quantities of people, (vary) from the old to the young. 38. The (mineral) in the water made it unpleasant to drink. The rock is rich in (mine) salts. 39. He was ill. That’s he was sent to the hospital. 40. There’s no way we can afford (buy) a house at the moment. 41. There is strong and comprehensive evidence the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide. 42. matters most is not what you think but what you do to pave the way for your future. 43. (overcome) the obstacle, the manager felt relieved. 44. The house （comprise）two bedrooms, a kitchen, and a living room. 45. he will offer us enough help doesn’t matter a lot to our success. 46. We will discuss the problem in to our understanding so that we can understand it .(depth) 47. In the animation Ne Zha, we can see a rebellious child who (overcome) hardship and his dark destiny and becomes a hero. 48. we’re fascinated by the sky is evident in ancient tales from around the world, such as of Chang’e. 49. The increase in production will turn lead to higher profits. 50. Finally, her childhood dream had become a (real), and Catalina knew that nothing was impossible as long as she kept chasing her dreams. 51. (convince) that your advice will contribute to our good performance，I sincerely hope you can do us a favor. 52. But perhaps many tourists and San Franciscans treasure most about Chinatown is its food. 53. Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, (bow) from the waist or nodding the head when they meet someone else. 54. After 20 years in America, I still feel my (root) are in England. Racism is still deeply (root) in our society. 55. By (compare) with London, Paris is small. 56. It occurred to me I had an important meeting to attend the next day. 57. The （consume ）of plastic products is threatening the environment. 58. That might sound like an impossible dream, but Bexler turned it into a (real). 59. the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 60. But we need to keep in mind that we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person. 61. Only when the results came out did he realize that he should (devote) himself to his studies, but it was too late. 62. Our class teacher’s (devote) to work always earns him respect and praise from both his colleagues and students. 63. It remains to be seen my research paper will be well received. 64. Schools should not use the results to label students or to determine which class they will be in or they should sit in class. 65. As a result, people could make (infer) about who was participating in the virtual (虚拟) conversation. 66. Our ambition is (expand)Huaiwei as a powerful, globally consistent, first-class brand 67. We have several types of notebooks to choose from, but one suits you depends on your taste. 68. (overcome) by curiosity, the boy looked out of the window. 69. It surprised us our foreign teacher can recite Tang poems. 70. Tom will win the computer competition remains a secret. 71. We should consider the students’ request the school library should provide more science books. 72. It’s known that giant pandas are native China. 73. I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white any more. 74. Is (organ) food really healthier? Is it worth the expense? 75. online courses can produce good results remains to be seen. 76. It was never clear the man hadn’t reported the accident in time. 77. For instance, in Lima, the capital of Peru, there are more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics, about 70 percent of were set up by local doctors. 78. The literature’s attraction lies more in it awakens in us than what it says 79. By next year we would like to expand the American market. 80. Crown Plaza, instance, has a wake-up call guarantee. 二、语法填空 1 Tu Youyou, a 81 (commit) and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo on 30 December 1930. After graduating from Peking University Medical School, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. She joined a team of scientists 82 the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria in 1967. Two years later, she 83 (appoint) head of the project and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease. One medical text from the fourth century suggested 84 (use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team did experiment after experiment and 85 (final) found a substance by lowering the temperature to draw out the extract. After many 86 (failure), they at last found artemisinin, 87 soon became a standard treatment for malaria and 88 (save) millions of lives worldwide. For this, Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2015. According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort, and it was indeed 89 honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine 90 (spread) around the world. 2 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The output of China’s hybrid rice at a demonstration base in Dechang county of Southwest China’s Sichuan Province reached a record high of 1,251 kilograms per mu 91 the technique developed by “father of hybrid rice” Yuan Longping. The rice in the demonstration field showed nice growth, uniform development, large grains, high grain-setting rate and no 92 (significance)signs of diseases. Such a high yield has been a pleasant surprise, 93 (result)from the perfect integration of rice varieties and cultivation(栽培)techniques. The 94 (inspect)of the hybrid rice project was held on Saturday in Dechang county, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. The expert group 95 (random)selected three rice fields for mechanical harvesting, followed by water measurement impurity(杂质)removal 96 weighing. The average yield per mu of the three plots 97 (select)in the demonstration base was 1,251.5 kilograms, setting 98 new world record for the single-season yield of hybrid rice. The target of yielding 1,200 kilograms per mu of hybrid rice 99 (propose)by Yuan back in 2018 and the related research was conducted in the same year. So far, dozens of countries around the globe 100 (carry)out research and trial planting of hybrid rice with the overseas annual cultivated area of hybrid rice reaching nearly 8 million hectares in total. 3 阅读下面材料，在空白填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it 101 hundreds of years ago,   102 it has brought new problems. One of the 103 (big) is pollution. Pollution comes in many 104 (form). We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it. Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious 105 there were not so many people. When the land 106 (use) up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now 107 (slow) polluting the whole world. Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution   108   (make) us angry more easily. Many countries are making rules 109   (fight) pollution. They stop people from 110 (burn) coal in houses and the factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese Scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize TuYouYou，the first female Chinese scientist 111 (receive)a Nobel Prize, was born in 1930. Zhejiang Province. Between 1951 and 1955, she studied medicine 112 university. Later, she went on 113 (complete) further training Course in traditional Chinese medicine. In1969,Tu became head of a team which intended to find a cure 114 malaria, she collected a large amount of data and 115 (refer) to the ancient books of traditional medicine. On 4 October 1971,she managed 116 (make)qinghao extract. However, in order to solve the problem they met，they even volunteered to test 117 themselves first. In November 1972, they 118 (succeed) isolated the most effective part of the extract and named it qinghaosu, 119 is a key part of many malaria medicines. In her Nobel Lecturem she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a 120 (high) level. 5 Because of her contribution to the fight against malaria, Tu Youyou has become the first female Chinese scientist 121 (receive) a Nobel Prize. Born in 1930 in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu 122 (study) medicine at university in Beijing and acquired a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. In 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for malaria. 123 (inspire) by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. 124 , the trials on real patients were likely 125 (postpone) because they did not have sufficient safety data. To speed 126 the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first. The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid 127 . In November 1972, they 128 (success) discovered the most effective part of the extract and named it qinghaosu, 129 is now a key part of many malaria medicines. Tu encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine 130 raise it to a higher level. 参考答案 一、 1. to be done 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：任何值得做的事情都值得被做好。此处考查固定短语be worthy to be done“值得被做”。故填to be done。 2. That 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：他将在两周内出版他的小说，这对我们所有人来说真是一个惊喜。分析句子可知，句子为主语从句，空格处引导从句，“_____ he will have his novel published in two weeks”在句中作主语，从句不缺成分且意义完整，故应用“that”引导从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填That。 3. Whoever 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：无论谁犯法都会受到惩罚。分析句子结构可知，______breaks the law为主语从句，从句缺少主语，需用连接代词引导，表示“无论谁”应用whoever，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Whoever。 4. expanded 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：她说，随着他们的世界的扩大，孩子们在网上把他们自己和别人进行比较。分析句子结构可知，As引导一个状语从句，空处是从句的谓语，根据主句时态“children compared themselves to others online”是一般过去时可知，从句也使用一般过去时。故填expanded。 5. What 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：我最想要的就是休息几天。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指物，用what引导，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填What。 6. chemicals 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：所有的科学证据都表明，农业中越来越多地使用化学品正在损害我们的健康。chemical为可数名词，根据上文increasing use of 可知应用复数形式。故填chemicals。 7. to check 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第一步是检查病人的呼吸。分析句子可知，空格处用动词不定式作表语，对主语step进行解释说明，且为将来的动作。故填to check。 8. assumed assumption 【解析】考查一般过去时和名词。句意：这位教授说，科学家们曾经认为这个理论是建立在一个错误的假设之上的。第一空是宾语从句的谓语动词，结合once可知，此处应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式assumed；结合第二空前的不定冠词a可知，第二空填名词单数，assumption假设，故填①assumed②assumption。 9. whether 【解析】考查主语从句和从属连词。句意：在这家商店里，你是用现金还是用信用卡付款都没有关系。分析句子可知，句中“It”为形式主语，真正的主语为空格处单词引导的从句，根据句意和句中“or”可知，空格处应用“whether”，“whether…or…”意为“是……还是……”。故填whether。 10. was 【解析】考查时态。句意：袁隆平在1930年生于北京。根据句中时间状语in 1930可知，用一般过去时。根据句意，故填was。 11. consumers 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：政府声称烟草公司未能警告消费者吸烟的危害。根据“about the danger of smoking”可知，此处是指未能警告消费者吸烟的危害，所以应用名词consumer表示“消费者”作宾语，consumer为可数名词，此处应用复数形式表泛指。故填consumers。 12. convinced 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这位科学家比以往任何时候都更加确信他的实验奏效了，他探测到了火星生命。根据“is more”可知，此处需要形容词作表语。convince是动词，表示“使相信”，形容词convinced，表示“确信的”，符合句意。故填convinced。 13. It 【解析】考查it形式主语。句意：他能否及时完成这项工作很重要。分析可知，设空处为形式主语，应用it，whether引导的主语从句为真正的主语，句首单词首字母大写。故填It。 14. What 【解析】考查主语从句连接词。句意：她最感兴趣的是那条经线。设空处引导名词性从句作主语，设空处在从句中作主语，指物，此句用连接代词what引导，设空处置于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 15. to devote/devoting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我认为不值得花那么多时间讨论这件事。此处为短语worthwhile to do sth./doing sth.，表示“值得做某事”。故填to devote/devoting。 16. is estimated 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：据估计，这项工程将持续十年以上。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。句中it is estimated that为固定结构，意为“据估计……”，此处it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语，从句的内容与estimate之间是被动关系。故填is estimated。 17. entirely 【解析】考查副词。句意：他们完全通过手势交流。此处应用副词entirely作状语，修饰动词communicated，故填entirely。 18. how 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：这么多完美的食物被扔掉，令人瞠目结舌——从被杂货店拒绝的“难看”（但还可以吃）的蔬菜，到大量没吃完的盘子被扔进餐馆的垃圾桶。分析可知，it为形式主语，因此空处引导主语从句，从句成分完整，但缺少修饰much的程度副词how，故填how。 19. essential 【解析】考查形容词。句意：你的饮食必须多样化和均衡。分析句子结构可知，be动词后要用形容词作表语，故填essential。 20. that 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：很明显，他喜欢骑自行车去上班。it is obvious that“明显……”，其中it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。故填that。 21. that 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：很明显，我们应该相互合作，为比赛做充分的准备。根据句意和结构可知这句话使用句型It is obvious that..，意为“很明显……”，it是形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。 故填that。 22. alternatives 【解析】考查名词。句意：除了持续的书面交流，还有其他选择，比如留下语音信息或进行群聊。此处应用名词alternative作主语，表示“选择”，由are可知，应用复数，故填alternatives。 23. shortage 【解析】考查名词。句意：岛上淡水短缺。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处缺少名词在there be句型中作主语，由空前不定冠词a可知，应用名词shortage的单数形式。故填shortage。 24. aspects 【解析】考查名词。句意：总之，阅读英语小说可以帮助我们从许多方面提高英语水平。设空处为名词作介词from的宾语，前面有many修饰，应用复数形式，故填aspects。 25. convinced 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：和其他父母一样，我的父母最初完全拒绝了我的想法，但我和姐姐说服了他们留下斯波蒂。分析句子可知，and连接两个并列的句子，设空处是句子谓语动词，结合语境和上文的refused判断为一般过去时。故填convinced。 26. distinguished distinguished distinguish 【解析】考查动词，形容词，一般过去时及情态动词用法。句意：周总理是一位杰出的政治家。那么到底是什么让他在很小的时候就与其他同龄人区别开来? 他能比其他孩子更早地分辨是非。分析句子，第一空需要一个形容词作定语，所给词distinguish为动词，其形容词拼写为distinguished“卓越的，杰出的”符合题意；第二空是强调句型中缺少谓语动词，说周总理小时候的情况应使用动词一般过去时；第三空需要动词原形与情态动词作谓语。故答案填distinguished；distinguished；distinguish。 27. that 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：有人建议这项工作要非常小心地做。it是形式主语，真正的主语是the work (should) be done with great care，从句句意完整，不缺成分，应使用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。 28. has made/makes 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：她一旦下定决心，什么也改变不了。分析句子结构可知，Once she _______ (make) up her mind为条件状语从句，根据上下文语境可知，该从句应为现在时态表将来，所以该句可用现在完成时表将来完成或一般现在时表一般将来，即“主将从现”，故填has made/ makes。 29. chemicals 【解析】考查名词。句意：政府呼吁人们减少食品生产中使用的化学物质。分析句子，设空处应该填写名词作宾语。chemical为名词，意为“化学物质”，为可数名词。故填chemicals。 30. convincing 【解析】考查形容词。句意：脏短裤和旧鞋子让他看起来像个真正的乞丐，他那令人信服的方言使他很快赢得了乞丐们的信任。设空处修饰名词dialect，指物，空处应用由convince转化的并且修饰物的形容词convincing。故填convincing。 31. who 【解析】考查定语从句关系词用法。句意：这个孤儿来自海南省，当他是个婴儿时，就失去了父母。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The orphan，指人，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语，故填who。 32. that 【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：一位研究人员评论道：“青少年说他们和父母相处得很好，这让我们感到惊讶，因为在我们的社会历史上，青少年被视为不同的人。”名词surprise后面是同位语从句，用于说明surprise的具体内容，从句的主语是teenagers，谓语是say，宾语是they get along well with their parents，不缺少成分，句意完整，故用只起连接作用的that，引导同位语从句。故填that。 33. be generated 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位首席执行官承诺，公司将是一个产生创造性想法的地方。设空处在that引导的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词为be，根据空前的to可知，设空处应用动词不定式，generate与逻辑主语 creative ideas之间为动宾关系，应用被动形式。故填be generated。 34. literally 【解析】考查副词。句意：实际上，我说我想放弃，但我并不是字面上的意思。这里应用副词修饰动词mean。literally意为“按字面”。故填literally。 35. nutrition 【解析】考查名词。句意：健康的饮食者寻找营养质量好的食物。根据汉语提示“营养”可知，空处需填名词nutrition，作定语，修饰quality。故填nutrition。 36. Whoever 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：谁做的风筝最漂亮，谁就会在风筝节上获奖。分析句子成分可知，主句的谓语动词为“will win”，所以其前面应为主语从句。分析句子成分可知，应为词义为“无论谁”的连接代词在从句中充当主语。故填Whoever。 37. varying 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们会遇到大量的人，有老人也有年轻人。动词vary“变化”和所修饰的名词people之间是主动关系，所以应用其现在分词作定语修饰名词。故填varying。 38. minerals mineral 【解析】考查名词和形容词。句意：水里的矿物质使它喝起来不舒服。这块岩石富含矿物盐。第一空需填名词mineral作主语，表示“矿物质”，根据常识可知，水里的矿物质不止一种，需填名词复数形式；第二空修饰名词salts，需填形容词mineral(矿物的)作定语。故填①minerals；②mineral。 39. why 【解析】考查表语从句。句意：他病了。这就是他被送进医院的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是表语从句，从句中缺少状语，所以应用连接副词why引导，why在从句中作原因状语。故填why。 40. to buy 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：目前我们买不起房子。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语afford to do sth.，意为“负担得起做某事”，buy意为“买”，动词词性，to后接动词原形，句中指买不起房子，符合句意。故填to buy。 41. that 【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：有充分而全面的证据表明，气温上升导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加。分析句子结构，此句为同位语从句。从句是名词evidence的具体内容或解释说明，从句句意完整，成分齐全，用连接词that引导从句，无词义，不作成分，仅起引导作用。故填that。 42. What 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：最重要的不是你想什么，而是你做了什么来为你的未来铺平道路。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指“……的事物”，应用what，首字母大写。故填What。 43. Overcoming 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：克服了障碍后，经理感到如释重负。分析句子结构可知，本句已有动词felt，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词overcome“克服”与主句主语 the manager 之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Overcoming。 44. comprises 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：房子包括两间卧室、一个厨房和一个起居室。分析可知，空白处在句中为谓语，结合句意，本句讲述的为客观事实，所以时态用一般现在时。句子主语the house为单数第三人称，所以谓语应用单数。故填comprises。 45. Whether 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：他是否会为我们提供足够的帮助对我们的成功并不重要。分析句子结构可知，此处应填连词引导主语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，但是句意不完整，结合句意可知，此处为whether意为“是否”符合句意且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Whether。 46. depth deepen deeply 【解析】考查名词、动词和副词。句意：我们将深入讨论这个问题，以加深我们的理解，以便我们能深刻地理解它。第一课作介词的宾语，应用名词depth，不可数；第二空表示“加深”应用动词deepen，且作目的状语为不定式；第三空修饰动词understand应用副词deeply。故填①depth；②deepen；③deeply。 47. overcomes 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在动画《哪吒》中，我们可以看到一个叛逆的孩子克服困难和黑暗的命运，成为英雄。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语who，指代child，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填overcomes。 48. That that 【解析】考查主语从句和代词。句意：我们对天空的着迷在世界各地的古老传说中是显而易见的，比如嫦娥的故事。连接词that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不作成分，无实义；分析句子可知，①空出引导主语从句，从句句意和结构完整，从句引导词在句中不作成分，无实义。综上，应用连接词that引导该主语从句，且句首单词首字母大写，②空处应填代词代指前文提到的ancient tales，以避免重复，应用that代替。故填①That，②that。 49. in 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：产量的增加继而会带来更高的利润。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“in turn”，意为“继而，转而”，故空格处应用介词“in”。故填in。 50. reality 【解析】考查名词。句意：终于，她儿时的梦想变成了现实，卡塔琳娜知道，只要她坚持追求自己的梦想，没有什么是不可能的。a后跟名词的单数，real的名词是reality，意为“现实”，故填reality。 51. Convinced 【解析】考查形容词。句意：相信您的建议将有助于我们的业绩，我真诚地希望您能帮我们一个忙。be convinced that“相信”，本句为形容词作状语。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Convinced。 52. what 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：但是或许许多游客和旧金山的人关于华人街最看重的是它的饮食。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，表示“……的事物”，在主语从句中 treasure 缺少宾语，所以填what。 53. bowing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在其他地方，当遇见别人时，人们更喜欢握手，弯腰鞠躬或点头致意。分析句子结构可知，连词or连接并列宾语，所以此处使用动名词和“shaking”及“nodding”保持一致，故填bowing。 54. roots rooted 【解析】考查名词和动词。句意：在美国生活了20年，我仍然觉得我的根在英国。种族主义在我们的社会中仍然根深蒂固。形容词物主代词my后接名词，根据谓语动词are可知，用名词的复数形式。be rooted in深植于。根据句意，故填roots; rooted。 55. comparison 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：与伦敦相比，巴黎要小得多。此处表示客观地比较，固定短语by comparison with，与……相比、与……比较起来，符合题意，故填comparison。 56. that 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：我突然想到第二天我要参加一个重要的会议。it occurs/occurred to sb. that...为固定句型，意为“某人突然想到……”，其中it作形式主语，that引导的是主语从句。故填that。 57. consumption 【解析】考查名词。 句意：塑料产品的消耗正在威胁环境。 由the…of结构可知此处应用名词形式，表示“...的消耗”。故答案为consumption 。 58. reality 【解析】考查名词。句意：那听起来可能像是一个不可能实现的梦想，但贝克斯勒把它变成了现实。根据“ a”可知，空处需填名词单数，real作形容词，表示“真实的”，名词reality表示“现实”符合句意。故填reality。 59. When 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：延误的航班何时起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。此处引导主语从句，从句缺少时间状语，应使用when引导。故填When。 60. what 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：但我们需要记住，我们在社交媒体上看到的往往不是一个人的全部真相。分析句子可知，“　 　 we see on social media”是主语从句，从句缺少宾语，应用连接代词what引导，在句中表示“(我们看到的)东西”。故填what。 61. have devoted 【解析】考查情态动词+have done用法。句意：只有当结果出来的时候，他才意识到他本应该全身心地投入到他的研究中，但是已经太晚了。结合句意可知，此处表达“本应该做某事而未做”应用should have done。故填have devoted。 62. devotion 【解析】考查名词。句意：我们班主任对工作的投入总是赢得同事和学生的尊重和赞扬。分析句子结构，根据空白处前面的名词所有格形式，可知空白处应填名词，故填devotion。 63. whether 【解析】考查连词。句意：我的研究论文是否会受到欢迎还有待观察。结合语意可知，句子表示研究论文是否会受欢迎还有待观察，空处应用whether，表示“是否”，引导从句作真正的主语，句首的it作形式主语。故填whether。 64. where 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学校不应该按成绩给学生贴标签，或按成绩决定学生在哪个班上课或是坐在班里的哪个位置。此处有两个并列的宾语从句来充当动词determine的宾语。空格处引导第二个宾语从句，这个从句的主语是they，谓语是should sit，从句中缺少地点状语，所以此处需用where引导第二个宾语从句，表示学生应该坐哪儿。故填where。 65. inferences 【解析】考查名词。句意：结果，人们可以推断谁正在参与虚拟谈话。动词make后接名词作宾语，make inferences“推论；推理”，是固定短语。故填inferences。 【点睛】 66. to expand 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的目标是把华为打造成一个强大的、全球一致的一流品牌。分析句子可知，is是谓语，空处填非谓语，ambition是“目标、志向”含义指向未来，用to do不定式做表语，对主语进行具体说明。故填to expand。 67. which 【解析】考查主语从句。我们有好几种笔记本可供选择，但哪一种适合你要看你的品味了。分析句子结构可知，“but”连接了两个并列句，后面句子的谓语动词是“depends”，故“_______one suits you”是主语从句，从句缺定语，修饰“one”，根据“several types of notebooks”可知，要从多种类型的笔记本中选择适合自己的那一个，“which”作定语，表示“哪一个”符合句意。故填which。 68. Overcome 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：出于好奇，男孩向窗外看去。本句已有谓语looked out of且无连词，动词overcome用非谓语形式，逻辑主语the boy与动词overcome是被动关系，overcome用过去分词表作状语，首字母大写。故填Overcome。 69. that 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：让我们惊讶的是，我们的外教会背诵唐诗。it是形式主语，后面从句是主语从句，从句成分和句意完整，用that引导。故填that。 70. Whether 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：汤姆是否会赢得计算机比赛仍然是个秘密。此处引导主语从句，表示“是否”应用whether，首字母大写。故填Whether。 71. that 【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：我们应该考虑学生的要求，学校图书馆应该提供更多的科学书籍。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是同位语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此空格处用that，故填that。 72. to 【解析】考查介词。句意：众所周知，熊猫原产于中国。结合句意可知考查短语be native to，意为：原产于。故填to。 73. What 【解析】考查主语 从句的连接词。句意：我希望实现的是，我们这一代和更年轻的一代开始重新考虑和理解爵士乐不再是非黑即白。根据句意分析句子可知， I’m hoping to accomplish是一个主语从句，该主语从句缺少宾语，所给空格处应该填入一个连接代词，其意义为“……的事物”，所以应该用连接代词what。句首单词首字母大写。故填What。 74. organic 【解析】考查形容词。句意：有机食物真的更健康吗？它值那个价钱吗？设空处修饰名词food，应使用形容词organic，意为“有机的”，故填organic。 75. Whether 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：网络课程是否能产生好的效果还有待观察。引导主语从句，从句不缺少成分，表示“是否”应用whether，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Whether。 76. why 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：那人没有及时汇报事故的原因永远都不清楚了。根据句子结构可知，It为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的从句，根据句意“原因”可知从句缺少原因状语，需用why引导。故填why。 77. which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：比如，在秘鲁首都利马，有超过50家中医诊所，其中大约70%是由当地医生创办的。根据句式和句意可知，本句是非限制性定语从句。先行词为more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics，指物。关系词需位于介词of之后，且在定语从句中作宾语，故填which。 78. what 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：文学的吸引力更多的是它在我们身上唤醒的东西，而不是它说的东西。介词in后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，且指物，所以用连接代词what引导。结合句意，故填in。 79. into 【解析】考查介词。句意：明年我们想把业务扩展到美国市场。短语expand into“将……拓展到”，为固定搭配，故填into。 80. for 【解析】考查短语。句意：例如，皇冠假日酒店就有叫醒服务保证。for instance例如。故填for。 二、 1 81. committed 82. with 83. was appointed 84. using 85. finally 86. failures 87. which 88. has saved 89. an 90. to be spread 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了屠呦呦的团队做了一个又一个实验，最终通过降低温度提取出一种物质。在多次失败后，他们终于发现了青蒿素，它很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物，在全世界挽救了数百万人的生命。 81. 考查形容词。句意：屠呦呦，1930年12月30日出生于宁波，是一位有献身精神和耐心的科学家。根据空后的“and patient”可知，空处应填形容词，与patient并列，修饰scientist。故填committed。 82. 考查介词。句意：1967年，她加入了一个科学家团队，目标是发现一种治疗疟疾的新方法。由空后the objective名词可知，此处为介词with表示“携带”，构成with the objective of doing sth.意为“带着做某事的目的”。故填with。 83. 考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，她被任命为该项目的负责人，并决定回顾中国古代医学文献，寻找治疗这种疾病的传统植物疗法。appoint和she之间是被动关系，所以应用被动语态；“被任命”的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填was appointed。 84. 考查非谓语动词。句意：四世纪的一篇医学文献建议使用艾草的提取物来治疗发烧。suggest doing sth.意为“建议做某事”为固定短语，应用动名词。故填using。 85. 考查副词。句意：屠呦呦的团队做了一个又一个实验，最终通过降低温度提取出一种物质。分析句子可知，空处作状语修饰整个句子，应用副词形式。故填finally。 86. 考查名词复数。句意：在多次失败后，他们终于发现了青蒿素，它很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物，在全世界挽救了数百万人的生命。根据空前的many可知，应用名词的复数形式。故填failures。 87. 考查定语从句。句意：在多次失败后，他们终于发现了青蒿素，它很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物，在全世界挽救了数百万人的生命。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是artemisinin，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 88. 考查时态。句意：在多次失败后，他们终于发现了青蒿素，它很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物，在全世界挽救了数百万人的生命。根据句意可知，屠呦呦团队成功提取青蒿素用来治疗疟疾之后，已经有数百万人的生命被挽回。此处表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。故填has saved。 89. 考查冠词。句意：屠呦呦表示，青蒿素的发现是一个团队的努力，中国的科研和中医药能够传播到世界各地，这确实是一种荣誉。honour作“荣幸，光荣”讲，常用单数形式，此处表示泛指“一种荣誉”，因honour的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 90. 考查非谓语动词。句意：屠呦呦表示，青蒿素的发现是一个团队的努力，中国的科研和中医药能够传播到世界各地，这确实是一种荣誉。分析句子结构可知，此处it作形式主语，空处不定式作真正的主语，空前的for引出的“China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine”是不定式的逻辑主语，与spread之间是被动关系，应用被动形式。故填to be spread。 2 91. with 92. significant 93. resulting 94. inspection 95. randomly 96. and 97. selected 98. a 99. was proposed 100. have carried 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在四川省德昌县的一个示范基地, 利用“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平开发的技术, 使水稻产量达到了历史新高。 91. 考查介词。句意：在四川省德昌县的一个示范基地, 利用“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平开发的技术, 中国杂交水稻的产量达到了每亩1251公斤的历史新高。根据句意可知，该基地凭借袁隆平开发的技术，实现了水稻增产。介词with可以表示凭借某种手段，工具等。故填with。 92. 考查形容词。句意：试验田水稻长势好，发育均匀，籽粒大，结实率高，没有显著病征。根据“signs of diseases”可知，空处需填形容词作定语，significant作形容词，表示“重大的”，符合句意。故填significant。 93. 考查非谓语动词。句意：如此高的产量令人惊喜，这是水稻品种与栽培技术完美结合的结果。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“has been”，故空处需填非谓语动词，“Such a high yield”和“result from”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填resulting。 94. 考查名词。句意：杂交水稻项目的检查于周六在凉山彝族自治州德昌县举行。根据“The”可知，空处需填名词，inspection作名词表示“检查，视察”，特指这次视察，故用名词单数。故填inspection。 95. 考查副词。句意：专家组随机选择3块稻田进行机械收割，随后进行水测杂质去除和称重。分析句子结构可知，空处需填副词作状语，修饰动词“selected”，故填randomly。 96. 考查连词。句意：专家组随机选择3块稻田进行机械收割，随后进行水测杂质去除和称重。分析句子结构可知，“water measurement impurityremoval”和“weighing”是并列关系，故填and。 97. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在示范基地选中的3块田平均亩产1251.5公斤，创下杂交水稻单季单产新世界纪录。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“was”，故空处需填非谓语动词，“the three plots”和“select”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填selected。 98. 考查冠词。句意：在示范基地选中的3块田平均亩产1251.5公斤，创下杂交水稻单季单产新世界纪录。根据“new world record”可知，空处需填冠词，此处泛指一项世界纪录，故用不定冠词。new首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。 99. 考查时态语态。句意：早在2018年，袁隆平就提出了杂交水稻亩产1200公斤的目标，并于同年进行了相关研究。分析句子结构可知，空处缺谓语动词，时间状语是“in 2018”，用一般过去时，主语“The target”和“propose”之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was proposed。 100. 考查现在完成时。句意：目前，全球已有数十个国家开展杂交水稻的研究和试种，海外杂交水稻年种植面积总计近800万公顷。分析句子结构可知，空处缺谓语动词，时间状语是“So far”，故用现在完成时。故填have carried。 3 101. was 102. but 103. biggest 104. forms 105. because 106. was used 107. slowly 108. makes 109. to fight 110. burning 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了当今世界污染问题越来越严重，造成污染的原因及危害，以及人们为了减少污染所采取的的措施。 101. 考查时态。根据后文的hundreds of years ago可知事情发生在过去，所以用一般过去时，主语是life，是单数，故填was。 102. 考查连词。前文的much easier说到生活更简单，但是本句又说到new problems，所以前后是转折关系，故填but。 103. 考查形容词最高级。句意：最大的问题之一是污染。根据句意可知此处表示表示“最大的问题”，应该用最高级修饰，故填biggest。 104. 考查名词复数。many需要加可数名词复数形式，故填forms。 105. 考查连词。前文说问题不严重，后文说人不多，所以后文是原因，前后是因果关系，故填because。 106. 考查时态和语态。此处在句中作谓语，主语the land与use up之间是被动关系，根据后文的was可知需要用一般过去时的被动语态，且谓语动词用单数，故填was used。 107. 考查副词。此处需要用副词修饰后面的动词polluting，故填slowly。 108. 考查时态。本是描述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时，主语是Noise pollution，谓语动词用单数，故填makes。 109. 考查不定式。此处making rules的目的是fight pollution，需要用不定式表示目的，故填to fight。 110. 考查动名词。stop sb from doing sth，表示阻止某人做某事，是固定搭配，故填burning。 4 111. to receive 112. at 113. completing 114. for 115. referred 116. to make 117. on 118. successfully 119. which 120. higher 【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的中国女科学家，屠呦呦，介绍了她的生平和她的成就。 111. 考查不定式。句意：屠呦呦，第一位获得诺贝尔奖的中国女科学家，1930年出生。the first (+名词)，后跟不定式作后置定语，故填to receive。 112. 考查介词。句意: 1951年至1955年间，她在大学学习医学。at university“在大学里”，根据句意，故填at。 113. 考查动名词。句意：后来，她继续完成中医的进一步培训课程。go on doing sth.“继续做某事”，表示做同一件事，用动名词作宾语，故填completing。 114. 考查介词。句意：1969年，屠女士成为一个旨在寻找疟疾治疗方法的团队的负责人，她收集了大量的数据，并参考了传统医学的古籍。A cure for“一种治愈……的方法”为固定搭配，故填for。 115. 考查时态。句意同上。分析句子可知，and连接并列谓语，refer的过去式是referred，故填referred。 116. 考查不定式。句意：1971年10月4日，她成功制作了青蒿提取物。manage to do sth.“设法做到某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to make。 117. 考查介词。句意：然而，为了解决他们遇到的问题，他们甚至自愿先在自己身上测试。test on“在……上做实验”，是固定短语，故填on。 118. 考查副词。句意：1972年11月，他们成功地分离出这种提取物中最有效的部分，并将其命名为青蒿素，这是许多疟疾药物的关键成分。修饰动词用副词作状语，故填successfully。 119. 考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是qinghaosu，从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。 120. 考查形容词比较级。句意：在她的诺贝尔奖演讲中，她鼓励科学家们进一步探索中医的宝库，并将其提升到更高的水平。修饰名词用形容词作定语，根据句意，用比较级，故填higher。 5 121. to receive 122. studied 123. Inspired 124. However 125. to be postponed 126. up 127. off 128. successfully 129. which 130. and 【解析】本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍屠呦呦的生平和伟大成就。 【解析】1.考查不定式。句意：由于她对抗击疟疾的贡献，屠呦呦成为首位获得诺贝尔奖的中国女科学家。scientist前有序数词first修饰，空格处用不定式作后置定语，故填to receive。 2.考查时态。句意：屠呦呦1930年出生于浙江宁波，曾在北京大学学习医学，对中医和西医都有广泛的了解。句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填studied。 3.考查过去分词。句意：受到1600多年前关于用冷水制备青蒿的文献的启发，她成功地制成了青蒿提取物，可以治疗小白鼠的疟疾。句中谓语是succeeded，空格处用非谓语动词作状语，由by可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Inspired。 4.考查副词。句意：然而，由于没有足够的安全性数据，对患者的试验可能会被推迟。由“the trials on patients were likely to 5 (postpone) because they did not have sufficient safety data.”可知，前后是转折关系，空格处用however表转折，位于句首，首字母大写，故填However。 5.考查不定式的被动式。句意：然而，由于没有足够的安全性数据，对患者的试验可能会被推迟。sb. be likely to do是固定短语，意为“某人可能做某事”，试验是被推迟，因此空格处用不定式的被动式，即to be done，故填be postponed。 6.考查短语。句意：为了加快这一过程并确保其安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在自己身上测试青蒿提取物。根据语境可知，句子表示“屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在自己身上测试青蒿提取物”，speed up为固定搭配，意为“加速”。故填up。 7.考查固定短语。句意：屠呦呦和她的团队的努力终于得到了回报。根据语境可知，句子表示“屠呦呦和她的团队的努力终于得到了回报”，pay off是固定短语，意为“得到回报”，故填off。 8.考查副词。句意：1972年11月，他们成功地发现了青蒿素，它现在是许多疟疾药物的关键组成部分。空格处用副词successfully修饰动词discovered ，successfully意为“成功地”，故填successfully。 9.考查定语从句。句意：1972年11月，他们成功地发现了青蒿素，它现在是许多疟疾药物的关键组成部分。分析可知，空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词qinghaosu是物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。 10.考查连词。句意：屠鼓励科学家们进一步探索中医药的宝库，并将其提高到一个更高的水平。分析可知，explore和raise为并列成分，故用并列连词and。故填and。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$