20.选择性必修第一册Unit 4-2025年高考英语一轮复习教材核心词汇复习(PPT讲解+练习清单)(人教版2019)

2025高考英语一轮复习教材核心词汇复习(PPT讲解+练习清单)(人教版2019) 选择性必修第一册Unit 4 I.词汇默写 Ⅰ. 核心单词 1. ________________________　　　　　 vi. (根据情况)变化; 改变 2. ________________________ adj. 合适的; 恰当的 3. ________________________ vi. 赞成; 同意vt. 批准; 通过 4. ________________________ vt. 表现; 表达; 说明; 证明 5. ________________________ vt. 当场看到; 目击; 见证n. 目击者; 证人 6. ________________________ n. 隔阂; 障碍 7. ________________________ adj. 可靠的; 可信赖的 8. ________________________ vt. 揭示; 显示; 露出 9. ________________________ vt. 占据; 占用 10. ________________________ vt. 调整; 调节vi. &vt. 适应; (使)习惯 Ⅱ. 拓展单词 1. anxious adj. 焦虑的; 不安的; 渴望的→________________________ n. 焦虑; 担心; 害怕 2. employ vt. 使用, 应用, 雇用→________________________ n. 雇主→________________________ n. 雇员 3. differ vi. 不同于; 相异→________________________ n. 不同之处→________________________ adj. 不同的 4. assess vt. 评估; 评价→________________________ n. 评价; 评定 5. favour vt. 较喜欢; 选择; 有利于 n. 恩惠, 帮助, 赞同→________________________ adj. 赞同的→________________________ adj. & n. 特别喜爱的(东西) 6. clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂; 阐明; 澄清→________________________ n. 澄清; 解释 7. educate v. 教育→ ________________________ n. 教师; 教育工作者; 教育家→________________________ n. 教育 8. tend vi. 趋向→________________________ n. 趋势; 倾向 9. embarrass vt. 使尴尬→________________________ adj. 尴尬的; 难堪的 10. slight adj. 轻微的; 略微的; 细小的→ ________________________ adv. 略微; 稍微 III.核心短语 1. ________________________　　　　 相比之下  2. ________________________ (与……)相比较  3. ________________________ 推理; 推断  4. ________________________ 消除; 分解; 打破  5. ________________________ 直起来; 整理; 收拾整齐  6. ________________________ 换句话说; 也就是说  7. ________________________ (短暂地)访问; 要求(某人讲话等); 正式邀请  8. ________________________ 有某种影响; 在工作  9. ________________________ 因……而感到羞愧  10. ________________________ (在某事上)与某人相冲突/有争执/不一致 IV.经典句式 1. 句型公式: 动名词短语作表语 The crucial thing is ________________________(使用肢体语言) in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.   2. 句型公式: 动名词短语作宾语 However, you should avoid ________________________ (使用这个手势)in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.   3. 句型公式: with+宾语+宾语补足语 It is as though they are asleep ________________________(睁着眼睛).   4. 句型公式: not (all) that+形容词或副词 Many students are quite shy and ________________________ (不怎么说话).   参考答案 Ⅰ. 核心单词 1. vary　　　　　 vi. (根据情况)变化; 改变 2. appropriate adj. 合适的; 恰当的 3. approve vi. 赞成; 同意vt. 批准; 通过 4. demonstrate vt. 表现; 表达; 说明; 证明 5. witness vt. 当场看到; 目击; 见证n. 目击者; 证人 6. barrier n. 隔阂; 障碍 7. reliable adj. 可靠的; 可信赖的 8. reveal vt. 揭示; 显示; 露出 9. occupy vt. 占据; 占用 10. adjust vt. 调整; 调节vi. &vt. 适应; (使)习惯 Ⅱ. 拓展单词 1. anxious adj. 焦虑的; 不安的; 渴望的→anxiety n. 焦虑; 担心; 害怕 2. employ vt. 使用, 应用, 雇用→employer n. 雇主→employee n. 雇员 3. differ vi. 不同于; 相异→difference n. 不同之处→different adj. 不同的 4. assess vt. 评估; 评价→assessment n. 评价; 评定 5. favour vt. 较喜欢; 选择; 有利于 n. 恩惠, 帮助, 赞同→favourable adj. 赞同的→favourite adj. & n. 特别喜爱的(东西) 6. clarify vt. 使更清晰易懂; 阐明; 澄清→clarification n. 澄清; 解释 7. educate v. 教育→ educator n. 教师; 教育工作者; 教育家→education n. 教育 8. tend vi. 趋向→tendency n. 趋势; 倾向 9. embarrass vt. 使尴尬→embarrassed adj. 尴尬的; 难堪的 10. slight adj. 轻微的; 略微的; 细小的→ slightly adv. 略微; 稍微 III.核心短语 1. by contrast　　　　 相比之下  2. by comparison (与……)相比较  3. make inferences 推理; 推断  4. break down 消除; 分解; 打破  5. straighten up 直起来; 整理; 收拾整齐  6. in other words 换句话说; 也就是说  7. call on (短暂地)访问; 要求(某人讲话等); 正式邀请  8. at work 有某种影响; 在工作  9. be ashamed of 因……而感到羞愧  10. in conflict with sb. (over sth. )  (在某事上)与某人相冲突/有争执/不一致 IV.经典句式 1. 句型公式: 动名词短语作表语 The crucial thing is using body language(使用肢体语言) in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.   2. 句型公式: 动名词短语作宾语 However, you should avoid making this gesture (使用这个手势)in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.   3. 句型公式: with+宾语+宾语补足语 It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open(睁着眼睛).   4. 句型公式: not (all) that+形容词或副词 Many students are quite shy and don’t speak all that much (不怎么说话).   II.综合练习 一、单句填空 1. Compared with male graduates, a relatively small number of female graduates can get (employ) when they go job-hunting. 2. This discovery was perceived a major breakthrough. 3. My brother suffering from is becoming more and more .(anxiety) 4. Robert and his new friends were (shame) of having called Henry a coward. 5. When it was his turn to give his speech, nervous and (embarrass), he walked onto the stage. 6. We will take (appropriately) action to solve the problem. 7. Doctors recommend (eat) five portions of fruit and vegetables each. 8. The boy cheated in the exam, which made his parents (shame). 9. Greenhouse gas emissions (release) by coal and natural gas plants when generating electricity to power those air-conditioners would nearly double, from 1.25 billion tons in 2016 to 2.28 billion tons in 2050. Those emissions would contribute to (accelerate) global warming, could further heighten the demand for air-conditioning. 10. After the man finished (read) the letter, he looked at his friend. 11. The businessmen who were in trouble called for the government (intervene) to save the steel industry. 12. When Mary found that somebody had stolen her doll, she ended up (cry) her heart out. 13. The research team is made up of the pupils, whose ages (various) from 10 to 15. 14. Lack of enough sleep for a long time will lead to (anxious). 15. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by (sell) the fish. 16. My memory’s not very (rely)these days. 17. Before (call), remain where you are. 18. —Hi,Li Hong! I didn’t see you at the party. —Oh, I was busy (get) ready for the coming exams. 19. In addition to (blog), he is taking photos and writing articles about the reef, as well as making a number of appearances on TV. 20. The (imply) in his article is that being a housewife is greatly inferior to every other occupation. 21. Nelson Mandela devoted his life to (fight) for a free society in which all people live together in harmony. 22. After (jog), I felt good and relaxed. 23. As a perfectionist, I think I have got accustomed to (plan) everything in advance. 24. This can make them nervous or embarrassed speaking English in public. 25. News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken with no agreement reached. 26. It is important to avoid (waste) time and make good use of every minute. 27. He has committed himself to (support) his brother’s children. 28. Nothing would prevent him from (attack)school bullies(欺凌). 29. He occupied himself packing the luggage. 30. Just like spoken language, body language (vary) from culture to culture. 31. (occupy) myself in preparing my speech, I cannot spare time to do anything else. 32. While I feel sad for the man in the song, I had trouble (relate) to him, because I have a very good relationship with my father. 33. I have been convinced that he is honest and (rely) man. 34. Besides (do) all my school work, I chat with my friends and watch films. 35. We have to prevent the air from (pollute). 36. We waited with great (anxious) for more news about the accident. 37. If you don’t warm up before taking exercise, you will risk (injure) yourself. 38. As a out-going girl, she has prepared well for in the activities her college offered. (participate) 39. The little girl felt (embarrass) at being the centre of attention in the crowd. 40. We didn’t speak to each other after that, and I didn’t get close to her for fear of (hurt) again. 41. What makes the dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without (use) electric equipment. 42. They are considering (go) to America. 43. They find a good approach to (learn) English. 44. In India, (particular) outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married. 45. He is applying himself to (do) his part. 46. They will be (slight) more expensive but they last a lot longer. 47. The main reasons we get angry are triggering (触发) events, personality traits (特征), and our (assess) of situations. 48. The young man managed to persuade the boss (employ)him as his assistant. 49. to a foreign culture can give exchange students great insights into the world.（expose） 50. The files need , so you should go on with your every day. (update) 51. To avoid (cheat), always buy your ticket at the ticket counter. 52. These houses look the same but in fact each of them is (slight) different in size. 53. After dinner, I took a cup of juice and sat on the sofa in the dining room, (stare) at the lawns lying outside the window. 54. After an emergency , all the people on board   safely.(land) 55. They spend half of their time dreaming up ways of getting rich and achieving the success they expect, and the rest of their time (think) about all the things they will do once they become rich. 56. We don’t allow (smoke) in the hall. 57. your plan (approve) yet? 58. You should pay attention to it and avoid (make) the same mistake. 59. He proposed (build) a bridge across this river. 60. There is no point (panic) or falling apart; instead you should cheer up. 61. I don’t mind (have) a dog in the house so long as it’s clean. 62. I really regretted (see) such a film. It was so boring! 63. He favours (take) advantage of the chance to pay a visit to Beijing. 64. The boy felt (shame) of himself for telling lies to his mother. 65. As a man, you should have the courage to admit (make) mistakes. 66. This is the way he uses to study English. 67. You are lucky enough to escape (kill) in the accident. 68. The project will not begin its initiation process until it (approve) by all the members of the committee. 69. With the development of the economy, there are varieties goods in stores, varying daily groceries to luxury goods, which greatly enriches people’s life. In addition, the goods vary the season quantity. 70. A recent national survey (reveal) that roughly three out of four high school students wear glasses, (fuel) concerns about eyesight problems among China’s youth. 71. Watching him climb up the cliff, everybody was breathless with (anxious). 72. Food delivery service workers are pressured because of (compete) hard for business. 73. To avoid (attract) unwelcome attention he kept his voice down. 74. I have to say I differ you that problem. 75. The (interact) with the fans made the film star more and more popular. 76. It is difficult to imagine his accepting the decision without any (consider). 77. Dave pulled a back muscle and could (bare) kick the ball. 78. Even today, he still does not easily take to (eat) things like chicken feet. 79. I spend a lot of my time in (stare) at a computer screen. 80. Last Sunday Jack wanted to go to the cinema his cousin would rather stay at home. 二、语法填空 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Camping in the countryside is usually great fun, but sometimes things can go wrong. Accidents can happen, so it is important to think about your 81 (secure) before you go and while you are there. You need to plan ahead. Check out the weather forecast a few days 82 advance and watch out for some reports of fires in the area you are thinking of going to. Prepare an emergency kit (急救箱). If you or anyone with you 83 (have) an accident or illness, the kit works. You also should choose your camp site carefully, avoiding those places where there is a risk of flooding. Before you put up your tent, make sure there are no sharp 84 (object) on the ground. In order to keep insects out of the tent, close it whenever you go in or out. If you need a camp fire for cooking, be careful not 85 (build) it anywhere near your tent, and before you go to bed, remember to put it out 86 (complete). After meals, you should pick up the food 87 is left on the ground, as the food can attract insects. It also makes sense, for 88 same reason, to keep unused food in 89 (close) containers well away from the camp. You don’t want 90 hungry bear or other animals to appear suddenly in your tent. 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 What makes up a healthy diet? Scientists have found that the real driver of poor health is sugar rather than so much 91 (fat) food. This is true regardless of how healthy the 92 of their diet might be. So if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts. Beyond this, you can keep healthy by consuming different 93 (category) of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables. It is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products, 94 provide the necessary protein for bones and muscle growth. The ideal diet is a balanced one, 95 too much or too little of any one thing. Finally, a 96 (fundament) key to healthy eating is to eat slowly, which also allows your body 97 (digest) your food better. In addition, 98 (consist) eating habits like taking three meals a day at the same time and eating a modest amount of food each time 99 (be) better for our health. There is no one trick to healthy eating. It is important to have a healthy attitude 100 food. It is up to you to make the right decisions about your diet. 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As we all know, there is an atmosphere of boredom and tension in hospitals. 101 (much) often than not, I dress up as a clown to help children by entertaining them, 102 will make the hospital a friendlier place to visit. In the middle of this particular scene I spot a small girl 103 (cry) in pain and her ankle is twice its normal size. The on-duty nurse tells me that Lara 104 (fall) off her bicycle the other day. Although it’s the doctors and nurses 105 will treat her injury, it’s my job to make her feel better. While the doctor concentrates 106 examining Lara’s ankle, I get her attention by doing a magic trick. While she is clearly still in some pain, her 107 (scare) and anxious look has been replaced—first by a small smile, and then by loud 108 (laugh) as I “magically” produced her sock from out of my pocket. Seeing their daughter so much happier, Lara’s parents are feeling in 109 good mood. From this experience, I realize that 110 is true that, “laughter is the best medicine”. 4 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 No one knows for sure when a fire will happen, so it is 111 (extreme) necessary to make preparations before a fire starts. Check the fire escape in advance and make sure that you can find 112 in the dark when lights have failed. Find out 113 the nearest fire extinguisher(灭火器) is and read the instructions to learn how 114 (use) it. Don’t lose your head when a fire breaks out. First, telephone the fire department immediately when 115 fire just gets started. Take care not to be overcome by smoke, 116 can kill you quickly. Cover your mouth 117 a wet towel or cloth, and avoid getting into the smoke. Don’t get in an elevator, as you may get trapped if the electricity 118 (fail). If you can not get away by yourself, it is of great 119 (important) to hang something out of the window to attract attention as a sign of asking for help. In short, if you make preparations before hand and take precautions(预防措施) during the fire, chances are that you will survive in case of a fire if it really 120 (break) out some day. 5 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Do you want to start exercising? Congratulations! You 121 (be) sure to benefit a lot from it. To start with, physical activity increases 122 efficiency of your heart and lungs. In addition, it has been proven that active people tend to have 123 (good) immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases. Moreover, 124 (work) out can help you reduce stress, get over negative feelings, and improve certain brain functions. 125 (help) you exercise properly, there are several tips. First, make sure 126 you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility. Then stick with activities 127 you enjoy. Second, eat right food to meet different needs of your body. When to eat is also 128 great importance. Don’t forget to drink throughout exercise. Last but not least, wear proper clothes and 129 (equip) when exercising to prevent injury. Warming up before exercising and stretching at the end of 130 (you) workout are good ways to avoid getting hurt. 参考答案 一、 1. employed 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：与男性毕业生相比，女性毕业生在求职时能够找到工作的人数相对较少。此处表示“被雇用”应用get employed，过去分词表被动，故填employed。 2. as 【解析】考查介词。句意：这一发现被认为是重大突破。根据“a major breakthrough”可知，此处是指这一发现被认为（be perceived as）是重大突破，所以应用介词as表示“作为”。故填as。 3. anxiety anxious 【解析】考查名词、形容词。句意：我患有焦虑症的弟弟变得越来越焦虑。suffer from后接名词anxiety，意为“焦虑症”，作宾语；第二空在become后，应用形容词anxious，意为“焦虑的”，作表语。故填：①anxiety；②anxious。 4. ashamed 【解析】考查形容词。句意：罗伯特和他的新朋友们对于称亨利为胆小鬼感到羞愧。形容词ashamed作表语，意为“感到羞愧的”。故填ashamed。 5. embarrassed 【解析】考查形容词。句意：轮到他演讲时，他又紧张又尴尬，走上了舞台。根据空前的nervous可知，空处需要形容词作状语，说明人的状态，用说明人的-ed形容词embarrassed“尴尬的”。故填embarrassed。 6. appropriate 【解析】考查形容词。句意：我们将采取适当的措施来解决这个问题。分析句子结构可知，空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词action，appropriately的形容词为appropriate“适当的”。故填appropriate。 7. eating 【解析】动名词。句意：医生建议每人吃五份水果和蔬菜。 recommend doing sth.建议做某事，固定搭配，所以空处需用动名词作宾语。故填eating。 8. ashamed 【解析】考查形容词。句意：那男孩考试作弊，这使他的父母感到羞愧。分析句子可知，空处作宾语补足语，用形容词形式，shame是名词也是动词，其形容词形式ashamed“感动羞愧的”符合句意，故填ashamed。 9. released accelerating which 【解析】考查非谓语和定语从句。句意：燃煤和天然气发电厂在为这些空调发电时排放的温室气体将几乎翻倍，从2016年的12.5亿吨增加到2050年的22.8亿吨。 这些排放将加速全球变暖，从而进一步增加对空调的需求。 根据下文的by可知，用非谓语中的过去分词做后置定语表被动；根据 contribute to 可知，to是介词，所以第二空格处用动名词做介词to的宾语；分析句意和第三个空格前的逗号可知，空格处是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为前面的句子，所以用关系代词which引导。故填：①released②accelerating③which。 10. reading 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那人读完信后，看着他的朋友。短语finish doing sth.表示“结束某事”。故填reading。 11. intervention/to intervene 【解析】考查名词或非谓语动词。句意：陷入困境的商人们要求政府介入以拯救钢铁业。分析句子结构可知the government 作动词短语called for的宾语，故填名词intervention。也可理解为考查非谓语动词，此处包含call for sb. to do sth.结构，不定式在这里作宾补。故填to intervene。故填intervention/to intervene。 12. crying 【解析】考查动名词。句意：当玛丽发现有人偷了她的洋娃娃时，她哭得很伤心。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语end up doing“最终做某事”，所以此处为动名词形式。故填crying。 13. vary 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：研究小组由学生组成，他们的年龄从10岁到15岁不等。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，从句主语为ages且此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时，所以应填vary。故填vary。 14. anxiety 【解析】考查名词。句意：长时间睡眠不足会导致焦虑。分析句子，设空处应该使用anxious的名词anxiety作宾语，意为“焦虑”，为不可数名词。故填anxiety。 15. selling 【解析】考查动名词。句意：我爷爷说去年夏天他们卖鱼赚了不少钱。此空为非谓语动词作宾语，根据空前为介词by可知，此处应为动名词形式selling意为“卖”。故填selling。 16. reliable 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这些天我的记忆不太可靠。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填形容词作表语，rely的形容词为reliable。故填reliable。 17. being called 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在被叫之前，待在你所在的地方。分析句子结构和意思可知，Before是介词，后面跟动名词形式，动词call和被修饰的you是逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动形式。故填being called。 18. getting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：——嗨，李红！我在聚会上没有见到你。——哦，我正忙着准备即将到来的考试。be busy (in) doing sth.为固定短语，意为“忙于做某事”，空处需填动名词作宾语。故填getting。 19. blogging 【解析】考查动名词作宾语。句意：除了写博客，他还拍摄有关珊瑚礁的照片和文章，并在电视上露面。in addition to“除了……之外”，to为介词，所以其后要跟动名词，故填blogging。 20. implication 【解析】考查名词。句意：他那篇文章的暗意是，当家庭主妇远远不如所有其他职业。冠词后用名词，“含义，暗示”，译为implication，故填implication。 21. fighting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：纳尔逊曼德拉一生致力于为建设一个人人和谐共处的自由社会而奋斗。devote one's life to doing sth为固定短语，意为“致力于做某事”，to是介词，故填fighting。 22. jogging 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：慢跑后，我感觉很好，很放松。空处作介词After的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填jogging。 23. planning 【解析】考查动名词。句意：作为一个完美主义者，我认为我已经习惯了提前规划一切。“get accustomed to doing sth.”意为“习惯于做某事”，其中to是介词，后接动名词形式。故填planning。 24. about 【解析】考查介词和固定搭配。句意：这可能会让他们在公共场合说英语感到紧张或尴尬。表示“对……感到紧张或尴尬”应用be embarrassed/nervous about。故填about。 25. down 【解析】考查动词短语搭配。句意：新闻报道说，两国之间的和平谈判破裂，没有达成任何协议。分析句子可知，这里考查break down表“（讨论、关系或系统）失败，破裂”，为固定搭配，符合句意。故填down。 26. wasting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：避免浪费时间，好好利用每一分钟是很重要的。avoid doing固定搭配，意为“避免做”，故填wasting。 27. supporting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他承诺要养活他弟弟的孩子。commit oneself to doing sth.固定搭配，意为“承诺做某事”，to是介词，故填supporting。 28. attacking 【解析】考查动名词。句意：没有什么能阻止他攻击校园恶霸。分析句子可知，此空位于介词之后，所以填动名词作宾语，且attack与逻辑主语him之间为主动关系。故填attacking。 29. with 【解析】考查介词。句意：他忙着收拾行李。观察句子可知，本题考查固定短语occupy oneself with doing sth.，意思为：忙于做……。故填with。 30. varies 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：就像口语一样，肢体语言因文化而异。分析知，vary作本句谓语，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是body language，为第三人称单数，谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式。故填varies。 31. Occupying 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我忙于准备演讲稿，没有时间做其他事情。分析句子结构，逗号后是完整的句子，且前后之间没有连词连接，所以空处应用非谓语动词。动词occupy和I之间是主谓关系，所以应用现在分词，作状语。故填Occupying。 32. relating 【解析】考查动名词。句意：虽然我为歌曲中的男人感到难过，但我很难理解他，因为我与父亲的关系很好。分析句子结构，have trouble doing sth为固定句型，含义为“做……有困难”，符合句意，故填relating。 33. reliable 【解析】考查形容词。句意：我一直相信他是一个诚实可靠的人。修饰后文名词man应用形容词reliable，作定语。故填reliable。 34. doing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了做我所有的功课，我和我的朋友聊天，看电影。作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填doing。 35. being polluted/pollution 【解析】考查非谓语动词和名词。句意：我们必须阻止空气被污染。此空在介词from后充当宾语，可直接用名词形式pollution，且是不可数名词，所以用pollution。也可以用动名词形式，此处表示阻止空气“被污染”，所以用动名词的被动形式，即是being polluted，故填being polluted/pollution。 36. anxiety 【解析】考查名词。句意：我们焦急地等待着有关事故的更多消息。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词，做介词with的宾语，意为“焦虑，焦急”，是不可数名词。故填anxiety。 37. injuring 【解析】考查动名词。句意：如果你锻炼前不做准备活动，你会有伤到自己的风险。risk doing sth. 为固定用法，表示“担……风险，冒……的危险”，动名词作宾语。故填injuring。 38. participating 【解析】考查。句意：作为一个外向的女孩，她已经为参加学校提供的活动做好了充分的准备。介词后接动名词作宾语，故填participating。 39. embarrassed 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这个小女孩因成为人群中的焦点而感到尴尬。系动词felt后接形容词作表语。主语The little girl是人，所以用-ed形式形容词，表示人的感受。根据句意，故填embarrassed。 40. being hurt 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从那以后，我们再也没有说过话，我也没有接近她，因为我害怕再次受到伤害。分析句子，设空处置于介词of之后，故使用动名词作宾语，同时hurt意为“伤害”，I与hurt之间是被动关系，故使用动名词的被动结构。故填being hurt。 41. using 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：让这些住宅令人钦佩的是，它们能够在不使用电气设备的情况下为房子“调节空气”。介词后接名词、动名词或代词作宾语。空前有介词without，空处应用动名词。故填using。 42. going 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们正在考虑去美国。consider doing sth是固定用法，动名词作宾语。故填going。 43. learning 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们找到了学习英语的好方法。 approach to doing sth.做某事的方法。根据句意，故填learning。 44. particularly 【解析】考查副词。句意：在印度，尤其是在城市以外的地方，年轻女性在结婚后应该搬到丈夫的家里。作评注性状语，表示“尤其”，应用particularly。故填particularly。 45. doing 【解析】考查动名词。句意：他正致力于做好自己的工作。apply oneself to doing sth.致力于做某事，固定搭配，此处to是介词，其后需接动名词作宾语。故填doing。 46. slightly 【解析】考查副词。句意：它们稍微有点贵但是它们更持久。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查副词修饰形容词比较级结构more expensive。故填slightly。 47. assessment 【解析】考查名词。句意：我们生气的主要原因是触发性事件、个性特征以及我们对形势的评估。分析句子可知，形容词性物主代词要后接名词，即将assess改为名词assessment表示“评估”。故填assessment。 48. to employ 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：这个年轻人成功地说服了老板雇他做助手。分析句意再根据上文的persuade可知，此处用提示词的动词不定式形式作宾补，构成固定搭配persuade sb to do sth表示“劝说某人做某事”符合语境。故填to employ。 49. Exposure/Being exposed to 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：接触外国文化可以让交换生对世界有深刻的了解。分析句子结构可知，“_____to a foreign culture”为句子的主语，所以可以用名词放到句中做主语，expose的名词形式为exposure。be exposed to“接触……”,如果放到句中作主语，要把be变成动名词的形式。故填Exposure或Being exposed to。 50. updating/to be updated update 【解析】考查非谓语动词和名词。句意：这些文件需要更新，因此您应该每天继续更新。分析句子结构可知，第一空为非谓语动词作宾语，need作为实义动词，意为“需要”时，若其后的动词与主语为被动关系，通常使用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动式作宾语，此处update与句子主语the files间为被动关系，故填updating/to be updated；第二空前有形容词性物主代词，所以此处为名词作宾语，update作为名词意为“更新”，此处表泛指意义，用单数形式。故填①updating/to be updated②update。 51. being cheated 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了避免被骗，一定要在售票处买票。固定短语avoid doing sth意为：避免做某事，根据句意，表示“避免被骗”，“avoid”后应用动名词的被动语态being done，作宾语。故填 being cheated 52. slightly 【解析】考查副词。句意：这些房子看起来一样，但实际上每栋房子的大小都略有不同。此处应用副词slightly作状语，修饰形容词different，故填slightly。 53. staring 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：晚饭后，我拿了一杯果汁，坐在餐厅的沙发上，凝视着窗外的草坪。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，stare at的动作伴随主句发生，空处作句子的伴随状语，stare at“凝视”和I逻辑上是主动关系，应用stare的现在分词形式staring。故填staring。 54. landing landed 【解析】考查非谓语动词和动词时态。句意：紧急着陆后，机上所有人员安全着陆。分析句子结构可知，一空处考查固定搭配：emergency landing意为“紧急着陆”，二空处，句中缺少谓语，空处应填谓语动词，根据句意，描述的是已发生的事，用一般过去时。故填①landing，②landed。 55. thinking 【解析】考查动名词。句意：他们一半的时间都在梦想致富和取得预期成功的方法，其余的时间则在思考一旦致富后要做的所有事情。spend time (in) doing sth. (花时间做某事)，think用动名词形式作宾语。故填thinking。 56. smoking 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们不允许在大厅里吸烟。短语allow doing sth.表示“允许做某事”。故填smoking。 57. Has been approved 【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：你的计划被批准了吗？分析句子可知，此处是一个疑问句，设空处在句中作谓语，应用动词；主语your plan和动词approve之间为被动关系，应用被动语态be done结构，结合标志词yet可知，此处应用现在完成时have / has done结构，故应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语your plan为单数形式，故谓语动词也用单数；第一空位于句首，需首字母大写。故填Has和been approved。 58. making 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你应该注意这一点，避免犯同样的错误。avoid doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“避免做某事”，空处需填动名词making，作宾语。故填making。 59. building 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他提议在这条河上建一座桥。短语propose doing sth.表示“提议做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填building。 60. panicking 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：恐慌或崩溃毫无意义；相反，你应该振作起来。there is no point (in) doing sth“做某事毫无意义”是固定句型，动名词作介词宾语，panic的动名词为panicking。故填panicking 61. having 【解析】考查动名词。句意：我不介意家里养条狗，只要它干净就行。mind doing“介意做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填having。 62. seeing 【解析】考查动名词。句意：我真的很后悔看这样的电影。这太无聊了！regret doing，意为“后悔做过某事”，regret to do，意为“遗憾地去做某事”，根据句意可知应用动名词作宾语，故填seeing。 63. taking 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他选择利用这个机会去参观北京。favour doing sth.为固定短语，表示“较喜欢/选择做……”。故填taking。 64. ashamed 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这个男孩因对妈妈撒谎而感到羞愧。空处应用形容词作表语，表示人的主观感受，应用ashamed“羞愧的”。故填ashamed。 65. making/having made 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一个男人，你应该有承认错误的勇气。admit doing/having done意为：承认做（过）某事，空处用动名词或者动名词的完成式形式作宾语，动名词的完成式强调“犯错误”这件事发生在“承认”之前。故填making/having made。 66. that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这就是他学习英语的方法。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系词引导定语从句，先行词为the way，作定语从句中uses的宾语，用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 67. being killed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你真幸运，在事故中幸免于难。此处为短语escape doing sth.，且you与kill为被动关系，应用being done形式。故填being killed。 68. is approved 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：在获得委员会所有成员的批准之前，该项目将不会开始其启动程序。主语与谓语构成被动关系，主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为it，谓语用单数。故填is approved。 69. of from with in 【解析】考查介词。句意：随着经济的发展，商店里的商品种类繁多，从日常生活用品到奢侈品应有尽有，极大地丰富了人们的生活。此外，货物的数量随季节而变化。第一空，varieties of意思为：各种各样的；第二空，根据daily groceries to luxury goods可知，此处为from…to…结构；第三空，表示“随着……变化”，用vary with；第四空，in quantity译为：大量。故填①of；②from；③with；④in。 70. has revealed fueling 【解析】考查时态、非谓语动词。句意：最近的一项全国性调查显示，大约四分之三的高中生戴眼镜，这加剧了中国年轻人对视力问题的担忧。分析句子结构，第一个空白处在句子中作谓语，根据上文“recent(最近的)”可知，空白处谓语动词应使用现在完成时。第二个空白处在句子中作状语，应使用非谓语动词，因下文concerns为其逻辑宾语，应使用现在分词形式。故填①has revealed；②fueling。 71. anxiety 【解析】考查名词。句意：看着他爬上悬崖，每个人都焦虑得喘不过气来。根据空格前的介词with可知，此处填入不可数名词anxiety，作介词with的宾语。故填anxiety。 72. competing 【解析】考查动名词。句意：外卖服务人员因为竞争激烈而倍感压力。空格处用动名词作宾语，故填competing。 73. attracting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了避免引起不受欢迎的注意，他压低了声音。动词avoid后般接动名词，作宾语。故填attracting。 74. with on 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：我不得不说，我和你在那个问题上意见不一样。differ with sb. on sth.是固定搭配，意为“在某方面和某人意见不同”，故填with；on。 75. interaction 【解析】考查名词。句意：与影迷的互动使这位电影明星越来越受欢迎。此处应用名词interaction作主语，表示“互动”为不可数名词，故填interaction。 76. consideration 【解析】考查名词。句意：很难想象他不加考虑就接受了这个决定。without为介词，后面接名词consideration，作宾语。故填consideration。 77. barely 【解析】考查副词。句意：Dave背部肌肉拉伤，几乎不能踢球。空处修饰动词kick，需用副词barely作状语。故填barely。 78. eating 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：直到今天，他仍然不容易喜欢吃像鸡爪这样的东西。take to为固定短语，意为“喜欢”，to 为介词，后面需加动名词作宾语。故填eating。 79. staring 【解析】考查动名词。句意：我花了很多时间盯着电脑屏幕。根据句意和所给动词stare以及空格前的介词in分析句子可知，空格处应该填入stare的动名词形式staring作介词in的宾语，构成固定搭配spend time in doing something（花费时间做某事）。故填staring。 80. while 【解析】考查连词。句意：上星期天杰克想去看电影，而他的表弟却宁愿呆在家里。由“Jack wanted to go to the cinema”和“his cousin would rather stay at home”可知，句子表示“上星期天杰克想去看电影，而他的表弟却宁愿呆在家里”，空格处意为“而”，用while表轻微的转折，故填while。 二、 1 81. security 82. in 83. has 84. objects 85. to build 86. completely 87. that/which 88. the 89. closed 90. a 【解析】这是一篇说明文。在乡村露营通常很有趣，但有时也可能会发生意外，所以在你去之前和去的时候都要考虑一下你的安全问题。文章主要就安全露营提出了一些建议。 81. 考查名词。句意：意外可能发生，所以在你去之前和去的时候都要考虑一下你的安全问题。上文your为形容词性物主代词修饰名词，可知应填名词security，security此处表示抽象概念，不可数。故填security。 82. 考查介词。句意：提前几天查看天气预报，注意你想去的地区的一些火灾报告。结合句意表示“提前”可知短语为in advance。故填in。 83. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：如果你或你身边的任何人发生了意外或疾病，这个急救箱就会起作用。根据后文works可知应用一般现在时，且or连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致，即谓语动词与anyone保持一致，应用第三人称单数。故填has。 84. 考查名词的数。句意：在你搭帐篷之前，确保地上没有锋利的物体。object为可数名词，根据上文are可知此处应填复数形式。故填objects。 85. 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你需要营火来做饭，注意不要在你的帐篷附近生火，在你睡觉之前，记得把火完全熄灭。结合句意表示“注意不要做某事”可知短语为be careful not to do sth.。故填to build。 86. 考查副词。句意：如果你需要营火来做饭，注意不要在你的帐篷附近生火，在你睡觉之前，记得把火完全熄灭。此处修饰动词短语put it out应用副词completely，作状语。故填completely。 87. 考查定语从句。句意：饭后，你应该捡起留在地上的食物，因为食物会吸引昆虫。此处为定语从句修饰先行词food，且先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 88. 考查冠词。句意：出于同样的原因，也应该将未用完的食物放在远离营地的密闭容器里。结合句意表示特指“同样的原因”可知，为the same。故填the。 89. 考查形容词。句意：出于同样的原因，也应该将未用完的食物放在远离营地的密闭容器里。修饰后文名词containers，应用形容词closed作定语。故填closed。 90. 考查冠词。句意：你不希望一只饥饿的熊或其他动物突然出现在你的帐篷里。bear为可数名词，此处泛指“一只饥饿的熊”应用不定冠词，且hungry是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。 2 91. fatty 92. rest 93. categories 94. which 95. without 96. fundamental 97. to digest 98. consistent 99. are 100. towards/to 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么构成了健康饮食，并建议人们要做到饮食健康。 91. 考查形容词。句意：科学家们发现，健康状况不佳的真正原因是糖，而不是太多的高脂肪食品。根据后文名词food可知，此处应用fat的形容词fatty“高脂肪的”修饰名词作定语，“高脂肪的食物”符合句意。故填fatty。 92. 考查名词。句意：这是真的，不管他们的饮食的其余部分有多健康。根据句意可知，此处指不管事物的“其余部分”有多健康，只要含糖量过高就不健康了，名词rest和the连用，意为“剩余部分；余下的人或物”。故填rest。 93. 考查名词复数。句意：除此之外，你还可以通过食用不同种类的新鲜食物来保持健康，尤其是水果和蔬菜。根据句意和前文different可知，此处可数名词category应用复数形式。故填categories。 94. 考查定语从句。句意：吃一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也很重要，它们能为骨骼和肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为some meat, beans, or dairy products，关系代词which引导从句，在从句中作主语，指事物。故填which。 95. 考查介词。句意：理想的饮食是平衡的，任何一种东西都不过量或过少。根据前文The ideal diet is a balanced one句意可知，此处指“没有过量的或过少的东西”，介词without“没有；不用”符合句意。故填without。 96. 考查形容词。句意：最后，健康饮食的一个基本关键是慢慢吃，这也可以让你的身体更好地消化食物。根据后文名词key可知，此处应用fundament的形容词作定语修饰名词。故填fundamental。 97. 考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，健康饮食的一个基本关键是慢慢吃，这也可以让你的身体更好地消化食物。allow sb/sth to do sth是固定用法，故用动词不定式作宾补。故填to digest。 98. 考查形容词。句意：此外，持续的饮食习惯，如一日三餐，每次吃适量的食物对我们的健康更有好处。根据后文名词短语eating habits可知，此处应用consist的形容词作定语修饰名词。故填consistent。 99. 考查动词时态。句意：此外，持续的饮食习惯，如一日三餐，每次吃适量的食物对我们的健康更有好处。此处描述客观规律，应用一般现在时，句子主语habits为复数名词，主谓一致，故填are。 100. 考查介词。句意：对食物有一个健康的态度是很重要的。attitude to/towards“对……的态度”是固定搭配。故填towards/to。 3 101. More 102. which 103. crying 104. fell 105. who/that 106. on/upon 107. scared 108. laughter 109. a 110. it 【解析】这是一篇及夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者在医院里，通过娱乐的方式帮助劳拉获得快乐。并领悟到“笑是最好的药”。 101. 考查比较级。句意：我常常打扮成小丑，通过娱乐来帮助孩子们。这会使医院成为一个更友好的地方。短语more often than not表示“常常；一般”，故填More。 102. 考查非限制性定语从句引导词。句意：我常常打扮成小丑，通过娱乐来帮助孩子们。这会使医院成为一个更友好的地方。该句是非限制性定语从句，缺少引导词，指代“在医院扮小丑”这件事，并在从句中作主语，故填which。 103. 考查现在分词。句意：在这个特殊场景的中间，我发现一个小女孩正痛苦地哭泣，并且她的脚踝是正常大小的两倍。短语spot sb. doing sth.意为“发现某人正在做某事”，故此处应填现在分词，作宾语补足语，故填crying。 104. 考查时态。句意：故值班护士告诉我，劳拉前几天从她的自行车上摔下来。根据句子结构可知，此句缺少谓语动词。根据the other day可知，时态应是一般过去时，动词应用一般过去式，故填fell。 105. 考查强调句。句意：虽然医生和护士将治疗她的伤势，但我的工作是让她感觉更好。根据句子结构it’s the doctors and nurses 　　5　　 will treat her injury可知，此句是强调句。强调内容是the doctors and nurses，故引导词应填who/that。故填who/that。 106. 考查介词。句意：当医生集中精力检查劳拉的脚踝时，我通过做一个魔术来引起她的注意。根据短语concentrate on/upon，表示“集中精力于”，故填on/upon。 107. 考查形容词。句意：虽然她明显仍然有些痛苦，但她的吃惊和渴望的表情已经被取代了。因为我“神奇地”从口袋里掏出她的袜子。首先是一个小小的微笑，然后是大笑。根据句子结构可知，此处应填形容词scared修饰名词look，表示“吃惊的”，故填scared。 108. 考查名词。句意：虽然她明显仍然有些痛苦，但她的恐慌和焦虑的表情已经被取代了。因为我“神奇地”从口袋里掏出她的袜子。首先是一个小小的微笑，然后是大笑。根据空前形容词loud修饰可知，此处应填名词laughter，表示“大笑”，故填laughter。 109. 考查冠词。句意：看到他们的女儿如此快乐，劳拉的父母心情很好。短语in a good mood表示“好心情”，故填a。 110. 考查代词。句意：从这次经历中，我意识到“笑是最好的药”这句话是真的。根据句子结构可知，此句是宾语从句，it是形式主语，that后的从句是真正的主语，故填it。 4 111. extremely 112. it 113. where 114. to use 115. the 116. which 117. with 118. fails 119. importance 120. breaks 【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了应对火灾的几种方法。 111. 考查副词。句意：没有人确切地知道什么时候会发生火灾，所以在火灾发生之前做好准备是非常必要的。分析句子可知，这里使用副词性成分作状语，extremely是副词在此处修饰形容词necesarry，符合语境。故填extremely。 112. 考查代词。句意：提前检查防火梯，确保在灯灭时你能在黑暗中找到它。分析句子可知，这里使用代词it指代the fire escape equipment，符合本句语境。故填it。 113. 考查宾语从句。句意：找出距离最近的灭火器在哪里，阅读说明书学习使用方法。分析句子可知，find out后接宾语从句，且从句中缺少地点状语，因此用关系词where来引导宾语从句。故填where。 114. 考查不定式。句意：找出距离最近的灭火器在哪里，阅读说明书学习使用方法。分析句子可知，这里使用特殊疑问词+to do（不定式）做learn的宾语，符合语境。故填to use。 115. 考查冠词。句意：当火灾发生时首先立刻拨打电话。分析句子可知，这里特指火灾发生的情况，因此使用定冠词the限定名词fire。故填the。 116. 考查定语从句。句意：小心不要被烟雾笼罩，那样会很快死掉。分析句子可知，这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，在从句中做主语，因此使用关系词which引导定语从句。故填which。 117. 考查固定搭配。句意：用湿布捂着嘴巴不让烟吸入。分析句子可知，cover…with是固定搭配意为“用……覆盖”，符合语境。故填with。 118. 考查时态。句意：不要进入电梯，如果停电的话，你有可能被困。分析句子可知，这里使用一般现在时表示客观真理，the electricity 做主语，是不可数名词，所以动词用第三人称单数形式。故填fails。 119. 考查固定搭配。句意：如果自己脱不开身，在窗外挂一些东西来吸引注意力，作为求助的标志是非常重要的。分析句子可知，“it is of+名词”可以与“it is+形容词”进行转换，因此这里使用名词形式importance。故填importance。 120. 考查动词时态。句意：如果有一天真的发生火灾，你很有可能会活下来。分析句子可知，对未来表示推测，使用if条件状语从句，主句使用一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时，且从句主语it是第三人称，因此动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填breaks。 5 121. are 122. the 123. better 124. working 125. To help 126. what 127. which/that 128. of 129. equipment 130. your 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了体育锻炼的好处并且就体育锻炼给出了几点建议。 121. 考查时态。句意：你肯定会从中受益匪浅。句子陈述事实，时态用一般现在时，主语是You，系动词用are符合题意。故填are。 122. 考查冠词。句意：首先，体育锻炼可以提高心脏和肺的效率。结合“of your heart and lungs”可知，在名词efficiency前用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。 123. 考查形容词比较级。句意：此外，已经证明，活跃的人往往有更好的免疫系统，患病风险较低。结合后半句的lower可知and连接并列成分，用形容词比较级better符合题意，better immune systems，意为“更好的免疫系统”。故填better。 124. 考查非谓语动词。句意：而且，锻炼可以帮助你减轻压力，克服消极情绪，改善某些大脑功能。在情态动词can之前需要动名词作主语。故填working。 125. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了帮助你正确锻炼，这里有几条建议。句子谓语动词是系动词are，且无连词，空格处填入非谓语动词，考虑使用动词不定式作目的状语，首字母大写。故填To help。 126. 考查宾语从句连接词。句意：首先，确定你希望改善的方面：心肺效率、肌肉力量或柔韧性。空格处引导宾语从句且在从句中作宾语，指物用what引导符合题意。故填what。 127. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：然后坚持你喜欢的活动。空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词activities，先行词指物，且在从句中作宾语用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 128. 考查介词。句意：什么时候吃也是非常重要的。句子使用“be of+名词”句型，be of great importance意为“是非常重要的”。故填of。 129. 考查名词。句意：最后但是同等重要的是，运动时要穿戴合适的衣服和设备，以防受伤。and连接并列成分，其前是名词clothes，其后应填入不可数名词equipment。故填equipment。 130. 考查代词。句意：锻炼前热身和锻炼结束后拉伸是避免受伤的好方法。在名词workout前需要形容词性物主代词your作定语。故填your。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$选择性必修 Unit 4 Body Language 1 Ⅰ. 重点词汇 1. approve vi. 赞成; 同意vt. 批准; 通过 【教材原句】 In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. (P38) 相反, 在另一些国家, 眼神交流并不总是被认可。 【词块必记】 (1)approve of. . . 　 　　　　赞成……, 同意…… approve of (sb. /sb. ‘s) doing sth. 赞成/同意(某人)做某事 (2)approval n. 赞同, 认可 【知识微测】 完成句子 ①We don’t want to anger the people who don’t _______________________.   我们不要激怒那些不赞成国有化的人们。 ②I _____________________________________, but please don’t neglect your studies.   我同意你尝试去挣一些钱, 可是请不要忽视了功课。 ③No teacher can _________________________.   任何教师都不能允许考试作弊。 approve of nationalization approve of your trying to earn some money approve of cheating in exams 2. witness vt. 当场看到; 目击; 见证n. 目击者; 证人 【教材原句】 In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. (P38)在日本, 如果一个人看到另一个人用这个手势, 可能认为这意味着钱。 【词块必记】 be a witness to sth. 　　　 　看见(某事发生); 为……提供证据 bear/give witness to sth. 为……作证, 证明 give witness in a court of law 在法庭上作证 be a living witness to 对……是个活生生的证人 【知识微测】 单句语法填空 ①The lawyer witnessed _______ an accused person. ②He is a witness __ the accident. 完成句子 ③At least fifteen people ___________________.   至少有15人目击了那次抢劫。 against to witnessed the robbery 3. adjust vt. 调整; 调节vi. &vt. 适应; (使)习惯 【教材原句】 Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities, when to intervene, and when to talk to students individually, so they can all get the most out of school. (P44)他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候应该调整课堂活动, 什么时候应该干预, 什么时候应该与学生单独交谈, 这样他们都能从学校得到最大的收获。 【词块必记】 adjust. . . to. . . 　　　　 调整……以适应…… adjust to (doing) sth. 习惯/适应(做)某事 adjust oneself to sth. 使自己适应某事 make an adjustment to 调整, 适应 【知识微测】 单句语法填空 ①This kind of desk can __________(adjust) to the height you need.   ②I’ve made a few minor ___________ (adjust) to the seating plan. ③They should make adjustment __ the new environment. ④He can’t adjust _______ (he)to the whirl of modern life in this big city. 完成句子 ⑤Over the years, we all _______________________(学会了调整自己) to become more comfortable with each other, and to adapt to our new family arrangement. be adjusted adjustments to himself learned to adjust ourselves Ⅱ. 核心短语 4. in other words换句话说; 也就是说 【典型例句】 In other words, none of us can go to the movie. 换句话说, 我们都不能去看电影。 【词块必记】 in a word　　　　　　 总之, 简言之 in words 用语言 word for word 逐字地, 一字不差地 word came that 消息传来说 have a word with sb. 与某人交谈 break/ keep one’s word 食言/守信用 【熟词生义】 We never doubted her word. 我们从不怀疑她的许诺。(n. 许诺, 诺言) 【知识微测】 完成句子 ①Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard— _____________(换句话说), you failed.   ②Well, you could _______________(交谈)the manager. He might be helpful.   ③John is smart, polite and well-behaved. _________(简言之), he is admirable.   ④______________________________(来自经理的消息说)that a new transaction(交易) would be concluded.   ⑤______________I was needed at home.   有消息传来说家里需要我。 in other words have a word with In a word Word had come from the manager Word came that Ⅲ. 经典句式 5. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.   关键是使用肢体语言的方式要与你所处的文化相适应。 【典型例句】 Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。 【巧学助记】　动名词短语作表语时, 句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句, 表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系, 表示主语的内容, 主语、表语可互换位置。动名词的被动形式是being done。 【知识微测】 完成句子 ①What I hate most is _______________.   我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 ②My job is __________________.   我的工作是教你们英语。 ③Seeing is ________. 眼见为实。 being laughed at teaching you English believing 【补充要点】 1. occupy vt. 占据; 占用 【教材原句】 With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. (P44) 他们用手托着下巴, 通过盯着窗外或天花板来充实自己。 【词块必记】 (1)occupy oneself (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事 occupy oneself with sth. 忙于做某事 (2)occupation n. 职业; 占有; 消遣; 居住 (3)occupied adj. 已被占的; 使用中的; 忙的; 从事的 【知识微测】 单句语法填空 ①The striking workers _____________(occupy)the whole building.   ②Her time is fully occupied ____ her three children. ③How does he occupy _______ (he)now that he’s retired? ④He returned from Paris and found his office was under someone else’s __________(occupy). 完成句子 ⑤He ______________________an English novel.   他正忙于翻译一本英文小说。 have occupied with himself occupation is occupied in translating 2. appropriate adj. 合适的; 恰当的 【典型例句】 You will be informed of the details at the appropriate time. 在适当的时候将把详情告诉你。 【词块必记】 make appropriate arrangements 　 妥善安排 just appropriate to the occasion 恰合时宜 appropriate use of words 用词恰当 by appropriate means(=in proper ways) 通过正当途径 【知识微测】 完成句子 ①It’s not easy to choose clothes ________________________________________.   选择与你漂亮的体形相称的服装是不容易的。 ②We should ____________________________(对……作出恰当的估计)the achievements and shortcomings.   ③The government has __________________________________.   政府拨出了一些款项用作教育基金。 which are appropriate to your beautiful figure make an appropriate estimate of appropriated some funds for education 3. reliable adj. 可靠的; 可信赖的 【典型例句】 He won’t let you down; he’s reliable. 他不会让你失望的, 他值得信赖。 【词块必记】 rely on/upon　　　　　 信赖 rely on/upon it that. . . 信赖, 相信…… depend on 依靠 count on 依靠 It/That all depends. 视情况而定。 【知识微测】 单句语法填空 ①You can rely upon __ that he will come. ②Geneen disliked relying ________ one perspective as the means for giving him the whole picture. ③Comparable and _______(rely) data are often lacking and can only be built up gradually. 完成句子 ④____________is worth its weight in gold.   靠得住的汽车就是无价之宝。 it on/upon reliable A reliable car 4. call on访问; 要求(某人讲话等); 正式邀请 【教材原句】 Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher. (P44)有些学生之所以有这样的行为, 只是因为他们害怕被老师叫起来回答问题。 【词块必记】 call on sb. to do sth. 　　 请求或号召某人做某事 call on/upon sb. 拜访某人 call at 访问(某地) call in 召集, 召来 call up 使想起 call off 取消 call for 要求, 需要 【知识微测】 单句语法填空 ①A representative of the company will call ___ you to assess the damage. ②Your letter called ___ the days when we worked together. ③We should call __ a doctor, otherwise he will be in danger. ④Mountain climbing calls ___ a strong body and a brave heart. ⑤The sports meet was called ___ because of the rain. 完成句子 ⑥The photograph _______________________________(唤起了他对童年时代的 回忆).   on up in for off called up memories of his childhood 5. However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.   但是在巴西和德国, 你应该避免使用这个手势, 因为它被认为是不礼貌的。 【典型例句】 They all avoided mentioning that name. 他们都避免提及那个名字。 【知识微测】 完成句子 ①I advise _____________________.   我建议再等几天。 ②He denied ________________.   他否认到过那里。 ③He disliked _______________.   他不喜欢别人笑他。 ④I’ve enjoyed seeing you and ____________________.   我见到你一起谈往事非常高兴。 waiting a few more days having been there being laughed at talking about old times 附1： 1. 话题词汇 (1)frown皱眉 (2)stare 凝视 (3)glare 怒视 (4)pose 姿势, 姿态 (5)body language 肢体语言 (6)lost in thought 陷入沉思 (7)cover one’s mouth and nose 遮住口鼻 (8)get along with 与……相处 (9)leave alone 不管, 让……一个人待着 (10)have a strong interest in对……有浓厚兴趣 2. 话题句式 (1)Liars tend to blink a lot and don’t maintain eye contact. 撒谎的人会眨很多次眼睛, 而且不会保持眼神上的交流。 (2)Body language studies show that people tend to touch their face and scratch their nose when they lie. 关于肢体语言的研究表明撒谎时, 人们都倾向于去摸脸或挠鼻子。 (3)People who are telling the truth use many facial muscles, but liars smile with just their mouths. 说实话的人会使用很多面部肌肉, 但是撒谎的人微笑时只是嘴在动。 (4)Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right. ”However, in Greece it is bad. 如今在美国, 当有人竖起大拇指时意味着“一切都很好。”然而在希腊竖大拇指是不好。 3·话题实践 语用功能表达 一、表示询问观点/态度: 1. What did you mean by . . . ? 你……是什么意思? 2. So did that mean . . . ? 所以, 那意味着……吗? 3. What I don’t understand is . . . 我所不理解的是…… 4. Could you explain. . . ? 你能解释……吗? 5. Could you give me an example? 你能给我举个例子吗? 6. What do you think of. . . ? 你认为……怎么样? 7. What do you think about that? 关于那件事你怎么看? 8. Explain it to me. 请向我解释一下。 二、表示解释说明: 1. In other words. . . 换句话说…… 2. That is. . . 也就是…… 3. What I meant was. . . 我的意思是…… 4. What I was trying to say was. . . 我想说的是…… 5. Does that make sense? 这能说得通吗? 6. Is that clear? 那样清楚吗? 附2：构词规律 根据给出的构词规则写出下列单词 1. -able 常用于动词之后构成形容词, 表示“属于, 倾向性”等。 rely v. →reliable adj. 可靠的; 可信赖的 move v. →________　adj. 可移动的 comfort v. →___________adj. 安慰的 movable comfortable 2. “动词+down”构成的动词短语 break down　　消除; 分解; 打破 ____down　轻视; 朝下看 ___down　摔倒, 跌倒 ____down 　拒绝(某人或其请求、提议等); 关小; 调低 look fall turn Thank you 38 $$