Unit3 Careers and skills 单词讲义-2024-2025学年高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第四册

B7U3 Careers and skills 学案 重点词汇 1. It is certainly true that most of us do join the labour force once our studies are completed. (Page 30, line 4) n. 劳动（尤指体力劳动）；劳工（统称）；分娩，分娩期； skilled labor _熟练工人__________ casual labour __临时工_______ labour force ____劳动力_________ drugs to ensure pain-free labour and delivery ____分娩_________ vi. 辛勤劳动，苦干 More than 20,000 workers laboured nearly 22 years to complete the Taj Mahal. 2. Through the work we do, our goals can be attained and our dreams achieved. (Page 30, line 8) vt．获得；达到 The cheetah can attain speeds of up to 97 kph． Most of our students attained five "A" grades in their exams. attain one's goal 实现某人的目标 attain power 获得权力 attainable adj．可以达到的，可以获得的 attainment n．达到；获得 单句语法填空/完成句子 1 This standard is easily attainable(attain) by most students． 2 The attainment(attain) of his ambitions was still a dream． ③ We have to make every effort to attain our goals(实现我们的目标)． 3. Yang Liwei, driven by his passion for flying, became a pilot. (Page 30, line 13) n. 酷爱；强烈情感 passion for sth. 对…的强烈爱好 have a passion for 酷爱 with passion 充满激情地 adj. passionate be passionate about sth. She argued her case with considerable passion. 她相当激动地为自己的主张提出论据。 4. It is difficult to anticipate the new positions which will emerge twenty years from now. (Page 31, line 21) vt．预料；预计 We anticipate that sales will rise next year． 我们预计明年销售量将会增加。 ① anticipate doing sth． 预测/预见发生…… ② anticipate that．．． 预测/预见…… ③ It is anticipated that．．． 据预测…… ④ in anticipation of 期待着；预计到 adj．anticipated 受期待的；令人期盼的 n．anticipation 预料；预见；预知 [即学即练] ①The eagerly anticipated (anticipate) movie will be released next month． ②They anticipate moving (move) to bigger premises by the end of the year． ③She tensed her muscles __in___ ___anticipation___ ___of____ the blow． 5. All jobs are equally important and no one is superior to another. (Page 31, line 31) adj．更好的，占优势的 n．级别(或地位、职位)更高的人 This model is technically superior to its competitors． 这一款式在技术上超过了与之竞争的产品。 I'm going to complain to your superiors. 我要去找你的上级投诉。 be superior to 比……优越 (更好、更强) be inferior to 次于……；不如…… be junior to 比……年轻/资历浅 be senior to 比……年长/资历深 superiority n． 优势；优越感 单句语法填空/完成句子 ① This model of 5G mobile phone is far superior to any others（远远优于）． ② His job is to give instructions to people junior to him(资历比他浅的人)． 6. So we should not have prejudice against any of them. (Page 31, line 31) n. 偏见，成见 racial prejudice 种族偏见 prejudice against... 对...存在偏见 prejudice in favour of 对...偏爱 I must admit to a prejudice in favour of Chinese universities. adj. prejudiced 7. Currently, a heavy focus is put on training in “hard skills”, such as machine operating and software programming. (Page 33) vt．操作，使运行 vi．运转，工作；经营；营业 This machine doesn't operate smoothly． 这台机器运转不灵了。 (1) operate on/upon sb． 给某人做手术 operate a business 经营一家企业 (2) operation n． 操作；运转；手术 perform an operation 做手术 come/go into operation 开始运转，实施起来 be in operation 在运转中的；操作中的，实施中的 bring/put sth．into operation 使……实施；使……开始工作/运转 单句语法填空/完成句子 1 The doctor operated on a patient for a tumour． 2 The new rules come into operation（开始实施） from next week． 8. Before you decide to put it into action, it is wise to weigh up the advantages and disadvantages of this option. (Page 34, line 3) 权衡，斟酌 weigh sb/sth down 压得...难以移动；压弯 weigh on sb/sth 加重...的思想负担；使焦虑不安；使担忧 weigh your words 推敲；斟酌字句 9. On the other hand, partners can help plug the knowledge or skill gaps. (Page 35) vt.补足，供给；堵塞，封堵 (过去式--过去分词plugged--plugged) n. 插头；插座 plug the gap 填补缺口/不足 plug sth in 接通电源；把计算机联网；参与，加入 The Home Secretary has ruled out immediate tax increases to __plug the gap_____. 内政大臣已经排除了立即增加税收以填补此缺口的可能性。 10. They must have a good sense of color and proportion. (Page 37, line 12) n. 正确的比例；部分，份额；比例；体积，面积 Only a small proportion of graduates fail to find employment. 只有一小部分毕业生没有找到工作。 The proportion of trucks to cars on the roads has changed dramatically. 公路上卡车和汽车的比例有了大幅度的变化。 in proportion (to/ with sth.) 成比例的，协调的，匀称的 out of proportion (to/ with sth.) 不成比例的 His head is large __in__ _proportion___ __to___ his small frame. 头和小巧的骨架相比显得大了 adj.proportional 成比例的，相称的 Critics are claiming that the sentence is not proportional to the crime. 11. After much thought, I decided to develop these skills and get the right qualifications by studying art at university. (Page 37, line 15) n. /C/ 资格，资历；学历；/U/ 取得资格的行为或过程 vt. qualify （使）合格；（使）具备资格 qualify sb for/qualify sb to do=sb be qualified for This training course will qualify you for a better job. The test qualifies you to drive heavy vehicles. 12. Actually, I do not have to wait until I go to university to swing into action as there will be a workshop in my city next month. (Page 37, line 21) vi. & vt 使改变；使摆动，摇摆 过去式/过去分词 swung/swung swing back and forth 前后晃动 swing the bat at the ball 挥动球拍击球 My mother’s moods swing from depression to delight. 转变，改变 n. 改变，摆动，秋千 13. Clothes with designer labels in shops are generally thought to be too expensive. (Page 37) n. 标签，（不恰当的）称谓 He said he sometimes got tired of his “bad guy” label. vt. 贴标签于； （尤指不公正地）把…称为 label sth. with sth. 用…标注 label sb./ sth. as 把…称为/ 归为 We shouldn’t label these kids as criminals so early in their lives. 我们不该把这些孩子早早地归为罪犯。 14. Prior to the interview, ensure you make good preparations. （Page 39, line 11） adj. 先前的，之前的 · prior notice/ warning/ consultation ____事先通知/警告/咨询 I am afraid I won’t be able to come. I’ve got a prior engagement. 有约在先 prior to sth. 在某事之前 These questions have been asked prior to my arrival. 在我到达之前 n. priority v. prioritize give priority to have priority over 15. Get a good night’s rest so that you feel and look refreshed. (Page 39, line 25) adj. 恢复了精力的，精神振作的 vt. refresh 使恢复精力;提醒,使想起，提示；刷新 He refreshed himself with a cool shower. He had to refresh his memory by looking at his notes. 他不得不靠看笔记来提醒自己。 It makes a refreshing change to talk to someone who is happy. 令人耳目一新的 Refreshments will be provided in the cafeteria. 茶点 16. Check the address of the interview, decide what mode of transport to use and allow extra time for traffic delays. (Page 39, line 26) n. 延迟的时间；延期，耽搁 delay in doing sth. Please excuse my delay in replying. without delay 毫不延迟地，迅速地 vi&vt 延迟，延期；使迟到，使拖延 delay doing sth 延迟做某事 He delayed telling her the news, waiting for the right moment. 他没有马上把消息告诉她，等有了适当的时机再说 17. Justify yourself with relevant examples from your personal experience and be specific about your achievements. (Page 40, line 31) vt. 对...做出解释，为...辩解；证明...正确 Her success has justified the faith her teachers had put in her. 她的成功证明了老师对她的信任是正确的。 You will be expected to justify your actions. 你将需要为你的行为提供正当的理由。 n. justification 正当理由 adj. justified 有正当理由的；合乎情理的 There can be no justification for such rude behaviour. 没有什么正当的理由可以为如此粗鲁的行为辩解。 Were they morally justified in lying to Mrs. Keech? 他们对基奇夫人撒谎合乎道德吗？ 18. Justify yourself with relevant examples from your personal experience and be specific about your achievements. (Page 40, line 31)relevant adj. 紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的，有意义的 Once we have all the relevant information, we can make a decision. be relevant to 与…相关 n. relevance 反义词： irrelevant How is that relevant to this discussion? 那件事与这次讨论有什么关系？ Politicians’ private lives have no relevance to their public roles. 政治家的私生活与他们的公众角色没有相关性。 19. So start with a firm handshake and a genuine smile when greeting the interviewer. (Page 40, line 36) adj. 强有力的，坚决的，坚固的，坚定的，牢固的 a firm belief 坚定的信念 firm news 确切的消息 take firm action 采取严厉行动 hold firm to 坚持信仰，继续支持 n. 商行，公司 a firm of accountants/ architects 20. Towards the ends of the interview, don’t forget to seize the moment and ask questions. (Page 40, line 42) vt. 专注，把握；捉住，夺；攻占；没收 seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会 seize control of Before he could run away, she seized him by the collar. （突然用力）抓住 A wave of panic seized me. 突然被情绪支配（或控制） n. seizure 抓住，夺取，（癫痫等疾病）突然发作 练习 1、 单词拼写 1. £150 was roughly the annual cost of living for a senior clerk (职员) in Victorian Britain. 2. A fond (溺爱的) mother may spoil her children by treating their mistakes without principles. 3. After the clinical examination, the consultant (会诊医师) invited his students to put forward any suggestions they had kicked about the nature of the disease. 4. Although some of Arthur Conan Doyle’s historical novels were published, their success was nothing compared to that of his fictional detective stories, such as Sherlock Holmes. 5. Efforts will be made to lay the groundwork (基础工作) for providing children of migrant workers with greater opportunities to take high school entrance exams in their cities of residence. 6. He wore a superior 有优越感的 smile as he drove past in his expensive new car. 7. His decision was completely subjective （主观的）and did not take the wishes of the other members into consideration. 8. In addition to promoting respective development各自的发展, we will also contribute to the peace and development of the world at large整个的. 9. Instead of just making punishment severe for those responsible for an accident linked to drug driving, there is a need to plug (封堵) it before it causes harm. 10. Intellectual property is a product of the mind and that has commercial (商业的) value. 11. It is anticipated that the pandemic will still last for some time due to the the COVID-19 variant. 12. Many people are now having trouble making their monthly house payments. 13. Most stores only take goods back if customers can produce the receipts.（收据） 14. One of the first thing I did when I moved to a new city was to hire a bike, which contributes to better seeing in the new place and learning your ways around. 15. People’s activities such as credit card payment and loan (贷款) payment are recorded and scored, and will affect their future credit. 16. Put your brain into gear (档) 让你的脑子开始工作 before opening your mouth. 动嘴之前先动脑。 17. The best way to do business is to build trust between you and your client(s). 18. The company he operates is an agricultural cooperative in nature, involving the participation of more than 1,000 households. 19. The receptionist recognized his voice at once for he booked a room on the phone every Monday during the past three years. 20. The treatment for COVID-19 will be added to the national medical insurance directory (名录) when it is adjusted. 21. There was a deep-rooted racial prejudice which led to ethnic tensions before the two countries went to war. 22. Those who are in poor health can build themselves up in doing the labour (劳动) within the power. 23. To be fond of something, it means to like something very much especially for a long time. 24. Under Xi's leadership, China has emerged as the only major economy with positive growth in 2020, a demonstration of the vitality and resilience of the country's economy amid the global public health crisis. 25. Whether lawyers or judges, they are all members of the legal family, and can help push forward the improvement of the law through personal endeavor个人努力. 26. A celebrity on Tik Tok, used her diploma of Columbia University to build her profile online, attracting amounts of followers. 27. A tournament is a competition involving a relatively large number of competitors, all participating in a sport or game. 28. Although education and age are important criteria for people choosing a partner, getting married is essentially an economic decision. <注意特殊的复数形式> 29. As their financial condition has improved, they have become refreshed (精神振作) and energetic. 30. Beijing 2022 aimed to convey (传递) the spirit and philosophy shared by humankind, which is to build a community with a shared future. 31. By reducing the duration of the opening ceremony, China has adhered to the concept of "Green, Inclusive, Open and Clean" Beijing Winter Olympics. 32. Every applicant (申请人) must take the oral examination口试 to show whether they are fit to the position. 33. I don’t think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point. 34. Mary worked here as a temporary secretary and ended up getting a full-time job全职工作 in the company. 35. Poetry is simply the most beautiful, impressive, and effective mode (方式) of saying things. 36. Prior to 2035, China will complete the construction of a more widely used, integrated and intelligent national comprehensive PNT system. 37. So far, Huawei has enabled the roll out of the National Optic Fibre (纤维) Backbone, a project aimed at expanding connectivity in all the 47 counties of Kenya. 38. The boss made a genuine (真诚的) attempt to improve the working conditions. 39. The company launched an advertising campaign to promote its corporate (公司的) image. 40. The environmental research institute (机构) found that the global average temperature had risen. 41. The organization is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation, and shoots seem small and weak, but they can break through brick walls to reach the light. 42. The proportion (比例) of migrant workers leaving their hometowns to work dropped significantly last year, affecting farmers' incomes. 43. The Sydney Opera House is a performing arts centre in Sydney. It is one of the 20th century’s premier (最著名的) buildings. 44. The US and its allies 同盟 have a history of creating humanitarian crises人道主义危机 and issues to justify their unfair and aggressive actions. 45. A rainbow is an arch 拱形of different colours that you can sometimes see in the sky when it is raining. 46. Through observing the unusual orbits of stars within the region, the researchers were able to infer (推断) the existence of a gigantic object in the center of the galaxy. 47. Too many orders on 11th November caused a delay in delivery. 48. We need people who can work at warehouse (仓库) sorting and packing items to be delivered to families, thus candidates (被认定合适者) will be matched with a task based on skill set. 49. Whatever you are writing make sure it is written clearly, concisely (简洁) and accurately. 50. When writing a letter of application, you should include personal information, personal qualities, education and qualifications (学历), personal skills and interests in it. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$