精品解析：上海市杨浦区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语调研卷

杨浦区2023学年度第二学期高二年级模拟质量调研 英语学科 试卷 考生注意： 1. 考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分 140分。 2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Teacher and student. B. Manager and saleswoman. C. Traffic policeman and driver. D. Taxi driver and passenger. 2. A. At the airport. B. At the library. C. At the travel agency. D. At the museum. 3. A. She hung out with her friends on weekdays. B. She didn't come home by 10 p. m. on weekdays. C. She often stays out late with her friends. D. She didn't inform her father before hanging out. 4. A.32 yuan. B.48 yuan. C.45 yuan. D. 16 yuan. 5. A. Move to Chongming Island. B. Catch rare birds with dresses. C. Photograph the wild birds. D. Shoot a film about immigration. 6. A. To promote the ongoing project. B. To make up for the missed workday. C. To complete the task the man forgot to do. D. To prepare for the government inspection. 7. A. It is complicated to set up and operate. B. It spares the man some domestic chores. C. It restarts when meeting some obstacles. D. It makes sweeping feel like playing a game. 8. A. Make a dramatic gesture. B. Buy a thick overcoat. C. Appreciate music together. D. Prepare a special dinner. 9. A. He is enthusiastic about community service. B. He is very competitive in academic performance. C. He's interested in volunteering rather than the scholarship. D. He’ll apply for the scholarship offered by the community center. 10. A. She ignores the feelings of different viewers. B. Her competitor means to ruin her reputation. C. She is trapped in an argument with video viewers. D. Her video has received positive feedback and reviews. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. A program that guides travelers through an adventurous tour. B. A program that assists people at any age in finding a job abroad. C. A program that help tourists exchange local currency at a higher rate. D. A program that enables people to get free accommodation by working. 12 A. Post his desired job on the social media site. B. Pay US$39 to his host in Thailand as a deposit. C. Search by Thailand on the work exchange websites. D. Chat online with his potential host in Thailand first. 13. A. Decide the working hours by yourself. B. Practise the language used in the new place. C. Develop planning and problem-solving abilities. D. Integrate into a new culture within a short time. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. A trainer who needs more theoretic knowledge about exercise science. B. A former student who desires to learn online about nutrition and exercise. C. A Peking University student whose Body Mass Index(体重指数) is 23. D. An overweight Peking University student who fails the physical fitness tests. 15. A. They live-streamed themselves doing the pull-ups and flexibility exercises. B. They shared the structured approach to nutrition and exercise online. C. They established workout and dinning partnerships to stay motivated. D. They requested a more balanced menu from the university canteen. 16. A. To help overweight students resist the temptation of delicious food. B. To teach students how to scientifically enhance their physical ability. C. To discover the biological genes that may determine one's weight. D. To attract more high-school students to choose Peking University. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Excited. B. Bored. C. Pleased. D. Stressed. 18. A. Beaches. B. Mountains. C. A foreign country. D. Cruise (游轮). 19. A. Tina is familiar with the owner of the log cabins (小木屋). B. There are some good views near the cabins. C. They can sing and dance around a campfire. D. Most people don't like the shape of the tents. 20. A. It is over their budget. B. It is the same as the tents. C. They can have a group discount. D. Booking on the website is cheaper. II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Gender Equality In many cultures, women have historically been discriminated against and treated as second-class citizens. Even today, many girls and women encounter significant challenges. Fortunately, there are organizations _____1_____ (strive) to advance equitable treatment of girls and women. The question remains _____2_____ girls in various locations truly have equal educational opportunities compared to boys. In countries with overwhelming poverty and strict gender roles, girls face a higher likelihood of _____3_____ (pull) out of school. Shockingly, millions of girls worldwide are forced into marriage before reaching 18, which prematurely ends their childhood and hinders their educational journey. Even in countries _____4_____ educational opportunities are available for girls, their aspirations (志向) can be limited by psychological barriers. Girls who _____5_____ (not witness) women succeed in particular fields often doubt their own ability _____6_____ (enter) those fields. Nonetheless, as more women achieve success, their influence could potentially pave the way for future generations. The importance of gender equality extends beyond just women; it benefits society as a whole. Research indicates that every dollar _____7_____ (invest) in women’s and children’s health can yield a significant long-term return of $20. Educated women contribute significantly to their communities _____8_____ their work and by transmitting their knowledge and appreciation of education to their children. Thus, it is essential to promote gender equality _____9_____ we can build a brighter future where everyone has equal opportunities and society as a whole can reap the benefits of a ______10______ (educated) population. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. threat B. originally C. defense D. reduced E. potential F. destructive G. unintentionally H. enormous I. released J. astronomical K. adapted Our Unwelcome Guests If you picnic in a Texas park, chances are that you'll encounter fire ants -- a troublesome pest renowned for their painful and irritating stings. This invasive (入侵的) species, like many others, is not only annoying but also expensive and _____11_____. From the vast landscapes of Texas to the exotic shores in China, non-native animals, plants, bacteria and viruses are damaging economies and ecosystems. An invasive species is any kind of living thing that is foreign to a particular ecosystem and causes harm. Sometimes non-native species are imported _____12_____, like in the 1930s when cargo ships from South America accidentally took fire ants to North America. Other times non-native species are purposely brought in. For instance, certain Asian fish species, _____13_____ imported from China to clean fish farms in the U. S., escaped and entered local rivers. Similarly, green iguanas were brought to China as pets, but some irresponsible owners _____14_____ them into the wild. The same thing occurred in Florida with Burmese pythons. The worldwide economic impact of introduced species is _____15_____. According to U. S. government estimates, invasive species cost the American economy over $120 billion annually. The economic impact of fire ants alone totals in the billions. Various U. S. agencies spend hundreds of millions fighting introduced species such as Asian carp, Africanized bees and Burmese pythons. In southern China, green iguanas are damaging irrigation systems, harming agricultural production and posing a _____16_____ to the native reptile (爬行动物) populations. Invasive species have the _____17_____ to destroy their new habitats by upsetting the local ecosystems. They often lack natural predators (掠食者) in their new environment and out-compete native species for food and other resources. They may even prey on local species. In Florida, for instance, pythons have _____18_____ some regional mammal populations by 90 percent. Additionally, Invasive species can also carry diseases against which local species have no natural _____19_____, resulting in the extinction of an entire native species. Alarmingly, the National Wildlife Federation in the U. S. reports that, “Invasive species are among the primary dangers to native wildlife. Roughly 42 percent of endangered species are at risk due to invasive species.” Unless people take serious action, the economic and environmental costs connected to invasive species will become ______20______. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Our Extraordinary Brains The 1.4-kilogram organ inside each person's head is the most complex part of the human body. This remarkable organ, the brain, not only ____21____ body movements and shapes people's behavior but also decodes sensory inputs and is the seat of intelligence. These facts have been scientifically proven, but a lot of what we believe about the brain is based on ____22____. What percentage of your brain do you actually use? The statistic that has been circulating for about a century is 10 percent, sometimes 20, suggesting that we haven't fully tapped into our full mental ____23____. But that is merely a misconception. While our brains do have some reserves, scans have shown that a large portion of our brains are____24____ in even the simplest of tasks. If you're artistic, you might ____25____ that you are mostly drawing upon the right side of your brain. If you're logical, you may have been led to believe you favor your left brain. While both of these hemispheres (脑半球) do exist, one is not considered to be ____26____ over the other. They are intricately (错综复杂地) connected, with both hemispheres ____27____ in all mental activities. Parents want “smart” children and perhaps have heard that playing classical music to their unborn child or to their infant increases their chances of being intelligent. However, a (n) ____28____ analysis of relevant studies fails to establish a direct correlation between brain development and ____29____ to classical music. Many believe that a person's genes totally determine intelligence. While genetics _____30_____ plays an important role, other factors such as nutrition, education, home environment, and available resources also _____31_____ significantly. The topic of a child's capability to learn multiple languages at the same time has sparked _____32_____ debate. The belief that children will _____33_____ languages and not develop any language properly has been the basis for educational policies for years. _____34_____ to this belief, evidence indicates that young children gain a better knowledge of language structures overall when learning two languages simultaneously. Such myths have persisted for ages, _____35_____ never-ending discussions. Yet one unquestionable truth remains: the brain is truly an amazing organ. 21. A. expands B. initiates C. follows D. reflects 22. A. fiction B. fact C. theory D. statistics 23. A. confusion B. comfort C. capacity D. stability 24. A. engaged B. buried C. wrapped D. absorbed 25. A. guarantee B. indicate C. demonstrate D. assume 26. A. superior B. senior C. dominant D. crucial 27. A. involving B. cooperating C. transforming D. disturbing 28. A. abstract B. comprehensive C. sensitive D. efficient 29. A. exposure B. approach C. objection D. response 30. A. unexpectedly B. exceptionally C. undoubtedly D. continuously 31. A. suffer B. clarify C. contribute D. interact 32. A. outstanding B. considerable C. desperate D. optimistic 33. A. mix up B. give up C. back up D. pick up 34. A. Relevant B. Similar C. Familiar D. Contrary 35. A. submitting B. generating C. indicating D. advocating Section B Directions: Read the following two passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Just the Ticket Shetara Sims had weathered some tough years. In 2012, her eldest daughter was murdered during an argument in Kansas City, Missouri. Last year, the single mother lost her job in the recession (经济衰退). She had only $7 in her pocket as she headed into the grocery store one day last July with her 12-year-old daughter, Rakiya Edmondson. And then Lady Luck finally cut Sims some slack. She and her daughter found a dollar bill in the parking lot. Maybe this was their day, they told each other. So they bought a lottery ticket (彩票) --and won $100. But before they could spend their unexpected gain, Rakiya had an idea. The news in Kansas City that week had been filled with stories about a police officer, Tyler Moss, who had been shot in the head in the line of duty. He was in critical condition. Rakiya and her mother had never forgotten how kind the police had been after their own family member was killed. “The detectives were really there for us,” Sims says. “They came to see my kids. They were fathers, therapists. They were everything.” Rakiya wanted to give their lottery winning to Officer Moss’s family. Her mom readily agreed. On July 10, Sims called the police and made an anonymous (匿名的) donation. Moved by her generous expression of thanks, the officers did what they do best --they tracked Sims down. When she explained the family’s motivation, the officers could hardly believe it. “With her current financial hardship, we encouraged her to keep the money,” the department later explained. “She refused, saying the officer’s family needed it and police needed to know they were supported.” By then, that feeling of support was mutual. The police set up a GoFundMe page for Sims, whom they called “The Woman with the Heart of Gold.” Their goal was $10,000. As of January 11, they had raised $165,405. Even better: Officer Moss, who had a 1 percent chance of survival, is out of the hospital and recovering. 36. Which of the following is NOT one of the hardships Shetara Sims went through? A. Having to bring up children all by herself. B. Losing a lot of money buying lottery tickets. C. Losing her job during the economic decline. D. Her eldest daughter being killed in an argument. 37. The underlined phrase “cut Sims some slack” is closest in meaning to _________. A. gave Sims a break B. criticized Sims sharply C. ignored Sims completely D. conducted a test on Sims 38. Why was Sims called “The Woman with the Heart of Gold”? A. She supported Moss’s family with the money raised on GoFundMe. B. She wrote an anonymous letter to express her gratitude to Officer Moss. C. She donated all the lottery winning despite her own financial hardships. D. She forgave the murderer and encouraged Rakiya to embrace a new life. 39 Which of the following statement is TRUE? A. The police tracked Sims down secretly and returned the money to her. B. The police launched a fundraising campaign for Sims among policeman. C. Officer Moss got injured when arresting the man who killed Sims' daughter. D. Officer Moss’s survival was truly a miracle, given his slim chances. (B) 40. Why is there a personal checklist in the advertisement? A. To help readers self-check their degree of aging. B To teach readers how to slow the natural aging process. C. To urge readers to take their own health issues more seriously. D To make readers aware of how much the product can help them. 41. Which of the following is NOT the safety feature of a Safe Step Tub? A. Low step-in. B. Heated seat and back. C. Grab bars. D. Anti-slip tub floor. 42. If a customer calls 1-888-380-9164 today, he can ________. A. have a $1500 discount when he buys any bathroom fittings B. get $1500 back for the walk-in tub he bought last year C. save $1500 when buying a new Safe Step Walk-In Tub D. change the Walk-In Tub for a shower room for free (C) When would you say “old age” begins? It’s possible that the closer you think you are to that threshold (起始点) the later you’ll put it, but people’s general perceptions of old age have been changing over time. New research finds that nowadays, we think of old age starting later than we used to — but that trend may not continue forever. Scientists from Germany, the USA, and Luxembourg analyzed data from over 14,000 individuals participating in a decades-long study called the German Ageing Survey. These participants, born between 1911 and 1974, covering several generations, provided up to eight responses over a 25-year span, when they were aged between 40 and 100. One of the main questions, and the subject of the new paper, was “At what age would you describe someone as old?” When they were asked this question at the age of 65, people born in 1911 said that old age begins, on average, at the age of 71. When the question was repeated to people born in 1956 once they also hit 65 years old, they instead put the threshold three years later, at 74. In a statement, first author Markus Wettstein gave some suggestions as to why this might be: “Life expectancy has increased, which might contribute to a later perceived onset (开始) of old age. Also, some aspects of health have improved over time, so that people of a certain age who were regarded as old in the past may no longer be considered old nowadays.” The same trend was observed at the individual level too. On average, as each participant aged by four or five years themselves, their estimate for the onset of old age increased by a year. Women put the threshold for old age about two years later than men on average. There were some other factors that were found to impact someone’s individual estimate too — for example, people in poorer health, who were lonelier, or who “felt” older generally believed old age begins earlier. “It is unclear to what extent the trend towards postponing old age reflects a trend towards more views on older people and aging, or rather the opposite — perhaps the onset of old age is postponed because people consider being old to be an undesirable state,” Wettstein said. What’s evident is that this postponement trend won’t last forever. In fact, it’s already slowing down. The study has some limitations, in that participants were all from one country. The researchers say future studies should seek to address this, as well as examining whether the trend towards postponing the perception of the onset of old age is continuing to decelerate. 43. What is the main finding of the new research mentioned in the article? A. People’s perceptions of old age have remained constant over time. B. Improvements in certain health aspects help increase life expectancy. C. The threshold for considering someone as “old” has been shifting earlier. D. Nowadays people tend to think of old age as starting later than in the past. 44. Which of the following is TRUE about the research? A. The 14,000 participants were from Germany, the US, and Luxembourg. B. The participants provided at most eight responses during the 25-year period. C. Future studies will explore factors affecting the estimated onset of old age. D. Some participants cover several generations but are from the same family. 45. Which of the following is NOT included in the postponement trend? A. Women set the starting point of old age around two years later than men. B. One’s closeness to this threshold could delay their perception of old age. C. People’s perception of a later onset of old age justifies delaying retirement. D. Individuals once labeled as old at a certain age may not be considered so now. 46. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Poorer people generally see old age starting earlier than the wealthier. B. Postponing the onset of old age reflects a growing respect for the elderly. C. People may delay the onset of old age because of their negative views of it. D. Whether the postponement trend is slowing down needs further observation. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Fear of Missing Out It’s a common experience: You’re scrolling through a social media page, and you see pictures of friends travelling or going to parties. Suddenly you start to wonder why you’re not doing those things. _____47_____ This experience has come to be known as the fear of missing out, sometimes abbreviated FOMO. To some extent, people have always worried about missing out on things. But with the rise of social media, FOMO is becoming much more common. Wanting to be in on the fun when exciting things are happening is completely normal. But for some people, it can lead to the constant thought of checking their phones to find out what other people are doing. Even while doing things that are fun or necessary, people can feel like there’s something better going on elsewhere. _____48_____ It prevents them from being satisfied with the good things in their lives. _____49_____ People tend to pick and choose the things they share, so we only ever know a small part of anyone else’s life. It’s also important to be humble and acknowledge your limitations. You cannot be everywhere and do everything that might be interesting or productive, and that’s OK. It might even be necessary to turn off your phone or log out of social media for a while. Get rid of the constant reminders of everything that’s happening in the world. You can even set particular times in your day to check email and social media. _____50_____ Finally, focus on the things in front of you. Enjoy them, do them well and let everything else go. When you fully engage with life, you’ll worry less about what you’re not doing. Don’t let the fear of missing out cause you to miss out on the good things you have in life. Relax, enjoy what you do and let other people enjoy their lives without envying them. A. This urge to connect can ironically lead them to disconnect from the people they are actually with. B. By stepping away for a time, you can help keep other people’s lives in perspective. C. Your mood will be easily influenced by others and your life starts to be controlled by the outside world. D. Are you missing out on something fun and exciting because you’re locked into everyday life? E. It’s important to remember that what people choose to post on social media does not necessarily reflect their life overall. F. Rather than focusing on what you lack, try noticing what you have. IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Gen Z Is Leaving Cities for the Countryside In recent years, there has been a noticeable trend of Gen Z individuals relocating from cities to the countryside. This generation, born between the mid-1990s and early 2010s, is known for its preference for experiences over material possessions and a desire to lead a more sustainable lifestyle. As a result, many young people are leaving urban areas in pursuit of a slower pace of life and closer connection with nature. The appeal of country living for Gen Z stems from multiple factors. Firstly, it offers a slower pace of life, which can be a welcome change from the hustle and bustle of city living. This can be particularly beneficial for those who struggle with anxiety or stress-related issues. Moreover, there is greater access to nature and outdoor activities such as hiking, camping and fishing. This not only promotes physical health but also helps to develop a deeper connection with the natural world. Also, living in the countryside often means lower living costs and less competition for jobs, making it an attractive option for those just starting out in their careers. Some believe that technology has completely captured the attention of the younger generation, and they are therefore reluctant to leave the conveniences and excitement of the modern city. Actually, it is precisely this technological advancement that has facilitated the shift towards rural living among Gen Z. With remote work becoming increasingly common, young adults are no longer tied to urban centers for employment. They can work from anywhere with a reliable internet connection. Additionally, social media platforms have made it easier for individuals to share their rural lifestyles and connect with others who have similar interests. This virtual community fosters a sense of belonging and encourages young people to explore and appreciate the natural beauty of countryside. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 看到极端气候时，人们往往会将它和全球变暖联系起来。(associate) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 53. 数字化进程使学生能够在一个无风险的环境中进行虚拟实验。(enable) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 54. 尽管电动车着火事故频频发生，但发展新能源汽车依然是大势所趋。(occurrence) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 55. 根据一项学生会的调查，学生熬夜学习的主要原因是对早睡的内疚以及对学业落后的担忧。(why) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假定你是李华，你的朋友吴磊邀请了5位朋友下周末参加他在家里举办的阅读马拉松活动 (readathon)。他非常需要朋友们的建议来帮助他设计活动并做好各项准备工作。请给他写一封信，提出你的想法和意见。 以下内容仅作参考： 阅读马拉松(readathon)是一项专注于阅读的活动或比赛，通常具有特定的目标或挑战，以个人或团队为单位进行。活动可以结合对阅读速度和质量的考察，采取多种形式展开。例如：阅读规定数量的书籍、持续阅读特定的时长，或者阅读某一特定主题的书籍等等。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 杨浦区2023学年度第二学期高二年级模拟质量调研 英语学科 试卷 考生注意： 1. 考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分 140分。 2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Teacher and student. B. Manager and saleswoman. C. Traffic policeman and driver. D. Taxi driver and passenger. 2. A. At the airport. B. At the library. C. At the travel agency. D. At the museum. 3. A. She hung out with her friends on weekdays. B. She didn't come home by 10 p. m. on weekdays. C. She often stays out late with her friends. D. She didn't inform her father before hanging out. 4. A.32 yuan. B.48 yuan. C.45 yuan. D. 16 yuan. 5. A. Move to Chongming Island. B. Catch rare birds with dresses. C. Photograph the wild birds. D. Shoot a film about immigration. 6. A. To promote the ongoing project. B. To make up for the missed workday. C. To complete the task the man forgot to do. D. To prepare for the government inspection. 7. A. It is complicated to set up and operate. B. It spares the man some domestic chores. C. It restarts when meeting some obstacles. D. It makes sweeping feel like playing a game. 8. A. Make a dramatic gesture. B. Buy a thick overcoat. C. Appreciate music together. D. Prepare a special dinner. 9 A. He is enthusiastic about community service. B. He is very competitive in academic performance. C. He's interested in volunteering rather than the scholarship. D. He’ll apply for the scholarship offered by the community center. 10. A. She ignores the feelings of different viewers. B. Her competitor means to ruin her reputation. C. She is trapped in an argument with video viewers. D. Her video has received positive feedback and reviews. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. A program that guides travelers through an adventurous tour. B. A program that assists people at any age in finding a job abroad. C. A program that help tourists exchange local currency at a higher rate. D. A program that enables people to get free accommodation by working. 12. A. Post his desired job on the social media site. B. Pay US$39 to his host in Thailand as a deposit. C. Search by Thailand on the work exchange websites. D. Chat online with his potential host in Thailand first. 13. A. Decide the working hours by yourself. B. Practise the language used in the new place. C. Develop planning and problem-solving abilities. D. Integrate into a new culture within a short time. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. A trainer who needs more theoretic knowledge about exercise science. B. A former student who desires to learn online about nutrition and exercise. C. A Peking University student whose Body Mass Index(体重指数) is 23. D. An overweight Peking University student who fails the physical fitness tests. 15. A. They live-streamed themselves doing the pull-ups and flexibility exercises. B. They shared the structured approach to nutrition and exercise online. C. They established workout and dinning partnerships to stay motivated. D. They requested a more balanced menu from the university canteen. 16. A. To help overweight students resist the temptation of delicious food. B. To teach students how to scientifically enhance their physical ability. C. To discover the biological genes that may determine one's weight. D. To attract more high-school students to choose Peking University. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Excited. B. Bored. C. Pleased. D. Stressed. 18. A. Beaches. B. Mountains. C. A foreign country. D. Cruise (游轮). 19. A. Tina is familiar with the owner of the log cabins (小木屋). B. There are some good views near the cabins. C. They can sing and dance around a campfire. D. Most people don't like the shape of the tents. 20. A. It is over their budget. B. It is the same as the tents. C. They can have a group discount. D. Booking on the website is cheaper. II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Gender Equality In many cultures, women have historically been discriminated against and treated as second-class citizens. Even today, many girls and women encounter significant challenges. Fortunately, there are organizations _____1_____ (strive) to advance equitable treatment of girls and women. The question remains _____2_____ girls in various locations truly have equal educational opportunities compared to boys. In countries with overwhelming poverty and strict gender roles, girls face a higher likelihood of _____3_____ (pull) out of school. Shockingly, millions of girls worldwide are forced into marriage before reaching 18, which prematurely ends their childhood and hinders their educational journey. Even in countries _____4_____ educational opportunities are available for girls, their aspirations (志向) can be limited by psychological barriers. Girls who _____5_____ (not witness) women succeed in particular fields often doubt their own ability _____6_____ (enter) those fields. Nonetheless, as more women achieve success, their influence could potentially pave the way for future generations. The importance of gender equality extends beyond just women; it benefits society as a whole. Research indicates that every dollar _____7_____ (invest) in women’s and children’s health can yield a significant long-term return of $20. Educated women contribute significantly to their communities _____8_____ their work and by transmitting their knowledge and appreciation of education to their children. Thus, it is essential to promote gender equality _____9_____ we can build a brighter future where everyone has equal opportunities and society as a whole can reap the benefits of a ______10______ (educated) population. 【答案】1. striving 2. whether 3. being pulled 4 where 5. haven’t witnessed 6. to enter 7. invested 8. through 9. so that 10. more educated 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了性别平等的重要性，特别是针对女性和女孩在教育领域的机会。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，有一些组织正在努力推进女孩和妇女的公平待遇。句子已有谓语动词are，空白处在句子中作定语，此处应使用非谓语动词。strive与逻辑主语organizations之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填striving。 【2题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：在不同的地区女孩是否真正与男孩享有平等的教育机会这一问题仍然存在，即此处需要一个连接词引导同位语从句，说明The question内容，因为从句结构完整。连接词表示“是否”，用连接词whether，故填whether。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在极度贫困和严格性别角色分工的国家，女孩面临更高的辍学风险。此处为of介词的宾语，故使用动名词形式，且girls与pull out of school之间是被动关系，使用动名词的被动式，故填being pulled。 【4题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：即使在为女孩提供教育机会的国家，她们的抱负也可能受到心理障碍的限制。此处需要一个关系词引导定语从句，先行词是countries，从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。 【5题详解】 考查时态。句意：没有见过女性在某些领域取得成功的女孩往往怀疑自己进入这些领域的能力。此处是who引导的定语从句的谓语动词，根据句意，此处表示“没有见过”，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，使用现在完成时，主语Girls为复数，故填haven’t witnessed。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处为ability的后置定语，且空白处表示的是一个指向将来的不确定的动作，使用动词不定式；the ability to do“……的能力”，故填to enter。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：研究表明，每投资一美元在妇女和儿童的健康上，长期来看可以带来高达20美元的回报。此处为dollar的后置定语，使用非谓语动词，dollar与invest之间是逻辑上的被动关系，使用过去分词，故填invested。 【8题详解】 考查介词。句意：受过教育的女性通过工作和向子女传授知识以及对教育的重视，对社区做出了巨大贡献。根据下文“and by transmitting their knowledge and appreciation of education to their children(和向子女传授知识以及对教育的重视)”可知此处表示“通过……的方式”，故填through。 【9题详解】 考查连词。句意：因此，促进性别平等至关重要，这样我们才能建立一个更加光明的未来，让每个人都有平等的机会，整个社会都能从受过教育的人口中获益。此处需要一个连接词引导目的状语从句，故填so that。 【10题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：同上。根据上文“a brighter future(一个更加光明的未来)”可知，此处将现在与未来进行比较，使用形容词比较级，故填more educated。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. threat B. originally C. defense D. reduced E. potential F. destructive G. unintentionally H. enormous I. released J. astronomical K. adapted Our Unwelcome Guests If you picnic in a Texas park, chances are that you'll encounter fire ants -- a troublesome pest renowned for their painful and irritating stings. This invasive (入侵的) species, like many others, is not only annoying but also expensive and _____11_____. From the vast landscapes of Texas to the exotic shores in China, non-native animals, plants, bacteria and viruses are damaging economies and ecosystems. An invasive species is any kind of living thing that is foreign to a particular ecosystem and causes harm. Sometimes non-native species are imported _____12_____, like in the 1930s when cargo ships from South America accidentally took fire ants to North America. Other times non-native species are purposely brought in. For instance, certain Asian fish species, _____13_____ imported from China to clean fish farms in the U. S., escaped and entered local rivers. Similarly, green iguanas were brought to China as pets, but some irresponsible owners _____14_____ them into the wild. The same thing occurred in Florida with Burmese pythons. The worldwide economic impact of introduced species is _____15_____. According to U. S. government estimates, invasive species cost the American economy over $120 billion annually. The economic impact of fire ants alone totals in the billions. Various U. S. agencies spend hundreds of millions fighting introduced species such as Asian carp, Africanized bees and Burmese pythons. In southern China, green iguanas are damaging irrigation systems, harming agricultural production and posing a _____16_____ to the native reptile (爬行动物) populations. Invasive species have the _____17_____ to destroy their new habitats by upsetting the local ecosystems. They often lack natural predators (掠食者) in their new environment and out-compete native species for food and other resources. They may even prey on local species. In Florida, for instance, pythons have _____18_____ some regional mammal populations by 90 percent. Additionally, Invasive species can also carry diseases against which local species have no natural _____19_____, resulting in the extinction of an entire native species. Alarmingly, the National Wildlife Federation in the U. S. reports that, “Invasive species are among the primary dangers to native wildlife. Roughly 42 percent of endangered species are at risk due to invasive species.” Unless people take serious action, the economic and environmental costs connected to invasive species will become ______20______. 【答案】11. F 12. G 13. B 14. I 15. H 16. A 17. E 18. D 19. C 20. J 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了入侵物种对生态系统和经济的影响。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这种入侵物种不仅令人讨厌，而且代价高昂，具有破坏性。根据上文“is not only annoying but also expensive and”可知，此处需要一个形容词与annoying和expensive并列，destructive“破坏性的”符合句意。故选F。 【12题详解】 考查副词。句意：有时非本地物种被无意中进口，例如在20世纪30年代，来自南美的货船意外地将火蚁带到了北美。根据下文“like in the 1930s when cargo ships from South America accidentally took fire ants to North America(例如在20世纪30年代，来自南美的货船意外地将火蚁带到了北美)”可知，此处需要一个副词修饰动词imported表示“无意地”，unintentionally符合句意。故选G。 【13题详解】 考查副词。句意：例如，某些亚洲鱼类最初是从中国引进到美国来清理养鱼场的，但后来逃脱并进入了当地的河流。根据下文“imported from China to clean fish farms in the U. S(从中国引进到美国来清理养鱼场)”可知，此处需要一个副词修饰动词imported表示“最初”，originally符合句意。故选B。 【14题详解】 考查动词的过去分词。句意：同样地，绿鬣蜥被作为宠物带到中国，但一些不负责任的主人将它们放归野外。根据下文“into the wild(进入野外)”可知，空白处应填表示“释放”含义的表达，released“释放”符合句意。故选I。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：引入物种对世界经济的影响是巨大的。根据下文“According to U. S. government estimates, invasive species cost the American economy over $120 billion annually.(根据美国政府的估计，入侵物种每年给美国经济造成超过1200亿美元的损失)”可知，入侵物种每年给美国经济造成超过1200亿美元的损失，空白处应填表示“巨大的”含义的表达。故选H。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：在中国南方，绿鬣蜥正在破坏灌溉系统，损害农业生产，并对当地爬行动物种群构成威胁。根据上文“In southern China, green iguanas are damaging irrigation systems, harming agricultural production(在中国南方，绿鬣蜥正在破坏灌溉系统，损害农业生产)”可知，此处表示的是绿鬣蜥对农业生产造成的破坏，可推理出下文说的是绿鬣蜥对当地爬行动物种群构成威胁，pose a threat to为固定短语，含义为“对……构成威胁”，符合句意。故选A。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：入侵物种有可能通过扰乱当地生态系统来摧毁它们的新栖息地。根据下文“to destroy their new habitats(摧毁它们的新栖息地)”可知，入侵物种有扰乱当地生态系统来摧毁它们的新栖息地的可能性，空白处应填表示“潜在的可能性”含义的表达。故选E。 【18题详解】 考查动词的过去分词。句意：例如，在佛罗里达州，缅甸蟒蛇已经使一些地区的哺乳动物数量减少了90%。根据下文“some regional mammal populations by 90 percent(使一些地区的哺乳动物数量……了90%)”可知，一些地区的哺乳动物数量……了90%，可推理出空白处应填表示“减少”含义的表达。故选D。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：此外，入侵物种还可能携带当地物种没有天然防御能力的疾病，导致整个本土物种灭绝。根据下文“resulting in the extinction of an entire native species(导致整个本土物种灭绝)”可知，入侵物种还可能携带疾病，如果当地物种没有抵御能力的话，可能会导致整个本土物种灭绝。可推理出空白处应填表示“防御”含义的表达，defense符合句意。故选C。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：除非人们采取严肃行动，否则与入侵物种相关的经济和环境成本将变得天文数字般巨大。根据上文“Unless people take serious action, the economic and environmental costs connected to invasive species will become(除非人们采取严肃行动，否则与入侵物种相关的经济和环境成本将……)”可推理出，空白处应填表示“天文数字般的”含义的表达，astronomical符合句意。故选J。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Our Extraordinary Brains The 1.4-kilogram organ inside each person's head is the most complex part of the human body. This remarkable organ, the brain, not only ____21____ body movements and shapes people's behavior but also decodes sensory inputs and is the seat of intelligence. These facts have been scientifically proven, but a lot of what we believe about the brain is based on ____22____. What percentage of your brain do you actually use? The statistic that has been circulating for about a century is 10 percent, sometimes 20, suggesting that we haven't fully tapped into our full mental ____23____. But that is merely a misconception. While our brains do have some reserves, scans have shown that a large portion of our brains are____24____ in even the simplest of tasks. If you're artistic, you might ____25____ that you are mostly drawing upon the right side of your brain. If you're logical, you may have been led to believe you favor your left brain. While both of these hemispheres (脑半球) do exist, one is not considered to be ____26____ over the other. They are intricately (错综复杂地) connected, with both hemispheres ____27____ in all mental activities. Parents want “smart” children and perhaps have heard that playing classical music to their unborn child or to their infant increases their chances of being intelligent. However, a (n) ____28____ analysis of relevant studies fails to establish a direct correlation between brain development and ____29____ to classical music. Many believe that a person's genes totally determine intelligence. While genetics _____30_____ plays an important role, other factors such as nutrition, education, home environment, and available resources also _____31_____ significantly. The topic of a child's capability to learn multiple languages at the same time has sparked _____32_____ debate. The belief that children will _____33_____ languages and not develop any language properly has been the basis for educational policies for years. _____34_____ to this belief, evidence indicates that young children gain a better knowledge of language structures overall when learning two languages simultaneously. Such myths have persisted for ages, _____35_____ never-ending discussions. Yet one unquestionable truth remains: the brain is truly an amazing organ. 21. A. expands B. initiates C. follows D. reflects 22. A. fiction B. fact C. theory D. statistics 23. A. confusion B. comfort C. capacity D. stability 24. A. engaged B. buried C. wrapped D. absorbed 25. A. guarantee B. indicate C. demonstrate D. assume 26 A. superior B. senior C. dominant D. crucial 27. A. involving B. cooperating C. transforming D. disturbing 28. A. abstract B. comprehensive C. sensitive D. efficient 29. A. exposure B. approach C. objection D. response 30. A. unexpectedly B. exceptionally C. undoubtedly D. continuously 31. A. suffer B. clarify C. contribute D. interact 32. A. outstanding B. considerable C. desperate D. optimistic 33. A. mix up B. give up C. back up D. pick up 34. A. Relevant B. Similar C. Familiar D. Contrary 35. A. submitting B. generating C. indicating D. advocating 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了很多关于大脑的虚构看法。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个非凡的器官，大脑，不仅启动身体运动和塑造人们的行为，而且还解码感官输入，是智力的所在地。A. expands扩大；B. initiates开启；C. follows跟随；D. reflects反映。根据下文“body movements”和常识可知人的大脑是启动身体运动的，故选B。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些事实已经得到了科学证明，但我们对大脑的很多看法都是基于虚构的。A. fiction虚构；B. fact事实；C. theory理论；D. statistics统计学。根据上文“These facts have been scientifically proven, but a lot of what we believe about the brain is based on”可知，本句和上文为转折关系，所以设空处和上文的科学证明相反，所以应该是虚构的，故选A。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：已经流传了大约一个世纪的统计数据是10%，有时是20%，这表明我们还没有充分发挥自己的心智能力。A. confusion困惑；B. comfort安慰；C. capacity能力，容量；D. stability稳定。根据上文“What percentage of your brain do you actually use? The statistic that has been circulating for about a century is 10 percent, sometimes 20, suggesting that we haven't fully tapped into our full mental”可知，流传我们的大脑只被使用了10%或者20%，所以说大脑的能力并未得到充分发挥，故选C。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们的大脑确实有一些储备，但扫描显示，即使是最简单的任务，我们大脑的很大一部分也会参与其中。A. engaged参与；B. buried埋藏；C. wrapped包，裹；D. absorbed吸收。根据上文“But that is merely a misconception. While our brains do have some reserves, scans have shown that a large portion of our brains”可知，大脑能力没有得到充分发挥只是一种误解，所以最简单的任务，我们大脑的很大一部分也会参与其中，故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你是艺术家，你可能会认为你主要是在用右脑画画。A. guarantee保证；B. indicate暗示；C. demonstrate证明；D. assume假设，认为。根据下文“If you're logical, you may have been led to believe you favor your left brain.”可知，这里应和believe意思相对应，表示“相信，认为”，故选D。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个大脑半球确实存在，但人们并不认为其中一个半球比另一个半球占优势。A. superior优良的；B. senior地位高的；C. dominant占优势的；D. crucial至关重要的。根据上文“While both of these hemispheres (脑半球) do exist, one is not considered to be”以及下文“They are intricately (错综复杂地) connected, with both hemispheres ____7____ in all mental activities.”可知，两个大脑半球是相互合作的，所以人们不认为其中一个半球比另一个半球占优势，故选C。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们错综复杂地联系在一起，两个大脑半球在所有心理活动中都相互合作。A. involving包含；B. cooperating合作；C. transforming转换；D. disturbing打扰。根据上文“They are intricately (错综复杂地) connected”可知，两个大脑半球错综复杂地联系在一起，所以它们应该相互合作，故选B。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，对相关研究的全面分析未能建立大脑发育与接触古典音乐之间的直接联系。A. abstract抽象的；B. comprehensive全面的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. efficient效率高的。根据上文“Parents want “smart” children and perhaps have heard that playing classical music to their unborn child or to their infant increases their chances of being intelligent.”和下文“relevant studies fails to establish a direct correlation between brain development and ____9____ to classical music.”可知，是进行全面的分析之后才能得出结论，故选B。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. exposure接触；B. approach方法；C. objection反对；D. response反应。根据上文“Parents want “smart” children and perhaps have heard that playing classical music to their unborn child or to their infant increases their chances of being intelligent.”可知，应是指研究是有关接触音乐和大脑发育有没有直接的联系，故选A。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然遗传无疑起着重要作用，但营养、教育、家庭环境和可用资源等其他因素也起着重要作用。A. unexpectedly未预料到的；B. exceptionally异常地；C. undoubtedly无疑地；D. continuously持续地。根据上文“Many believe that a person's genes totally determine intelligence.”和常识可知，遗传无疑起着重要作用，故选C。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. suffer忍受；B. clarify澄清；C. contribute促成，贡献；D. interact互动。根据本句“While genetics ____10____ plays an important role, other factors such as nutrition, education, home environment, and available resources also”可知，上下文是转折关系，营养、教育、家庭环境和可用资源等其他因素也有帮助，故选C。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子同时学习多种语言的能力这个话题引发了相当大的争论。A. outstanding突出的；B. considerable相当大/多的；C. desperate绝望的；D. optimistic乐观的。根据下文“The belief that children will ____13____ languages and not develop any language properly has been the basis for educational policies for years. ____14____ to this belief, evidence indicates that young children gain a better knowledge of language structures overall when learning two languages simultaneously.”可知，举例两种不同的观点，所以关于这个话题有很多讨论，故选B。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：多年来，儿童会混淆语言，无法正确发展任何一门语言的信念一直是教育政策的基础。A. mix up混淆；B. give up放弃；C. back up支持；D. pick up拿起。根据下文“not develop any language properly has been the basis for educational policies”可知，儿童无法正确发展任何一门语言，也就是会混淆语言，故选A。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与这种观点相反，有证据表明，幼儿在同时学习两种语言时，对语言结构的整体认识会更好。A. Relevant相关的；B. Similar相似的；C. Familiar熟悉的；D. Contrary相反的。根据下文“evidence indicates that young children gain a better knowledge of language structures overall when learning two languages simultaneously.”可知，和上文观点相反，故选D。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样的神话已经存在了很长时间，引发了永无止境的讨论。A. submitting提交；B. generating产生，引起；C. producing生产；D. advocating提倡。根据上文“Such myths have persisted for ages”可知，关于大脑的神秘有很多种观点，所以引发了永无止境的讨论，故选B。 Section B Directions: Read the following two passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Just the Ticket Shetara Sims had weathered some tough years. In 2012, her eldest daughter was murdered during an argument in Kansas City, Missouri. Last year, the single mother lost her job in the recession (经济衰退). She had only $7 in her pocket as she headed into the grocery store one day last July with her 12-year-old daughter, Rakiya Edmondson. And then Lady Luck finally cut Sims some slack. She and her daughter found a dollar bill in the parking lot. Maybe this was their day, they told each other. So they bought a lottery ticket (彩票) --and won $100. But before they could spend their unexpected gain, Rakiya had an idea. The news in Kansas City that week had been filled with stories about a police officer, Tyler Moss, who had been shot in the head in the line of duty. He was in critical condition. Rakiya and her mother had never forgotten how kind the police had been after their own family member was killed. “The detectives were really there for us,” Sims says. “They came to see my kids. They were fathers, therapists. They were everything.” Rakiya wanted to give their lottery winning to Officer Moss’s family. Her mom readily agreed. On July 10, Sims called the police and made an anonymous (匿名的) donation. Moved by her generous expression of thanks, the officers did what they do best --they tracked Sims down. When she explained the family’s motivation, the officers could hardly believe it. “With her current financial hardship, we encouraged her to keep the money,” the department later explained. “She refused, saying the officer’s family needed it and police needed to know they were supported.” By then, that feeling of support was mutual. The police set up a GoFundMe page for Sims, whom they called “The Woman with the Heart of Gold.” Their goal was $10,000. As of January 11, they had raised $165,405. Even better: Officer Moss, who had a 1 percent chance of survival, is out of the hospital and recovering. 36. Which of the following is NOT one of the hardships Shetara Sims went through? A. Having to bring up children all by herself. B. Losing a lot of money buying lottery tickets. C. Losing her job during the economic decline. D. Her eldest daughter being killed in an argument. 37. The underlined phrase “cut Sims some slack” is closest in meaning to _________. A. gave Sims a break B. criticized Sims sharply C. ignored Sims completely D. conducted a test on Sims 38. Why was Sims called “The Woman with the Heart of Gold”? A. She supported Moss’s family with the money raised on GoFundMe. B. She wrote an anonymous letter to express her gratitude to Officer Moss. C. She donated all the lottery winning despite her own financial hardships. D. She forgave the murderer and encouraged Rakiya to embrace a new life. 39. Which of the following statement is TRUE? A. The police tracked Sims down secretly and returned the money to her. B. The police launched a fundraising campaign for Sims among policeman. C. Officer Moss got injured when arresting the man who killed Sims' daughter. D. Officer Moss’s survival was truly a miracle, given his slim chances. 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. C 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位单亲妈妈Shetara Sims和女儿Rakiya在经济困难中，用意外获得的100美元彩票奖金匿名捐给受伤警官Tyler Moss家庭的故事。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Shetara Sims had weathered some tough years. In 2012, her eldest daughter was murdered during an argument in Kansas City, Missouri. Last year, the single mother lost her job in the recession (经济衰退).(Shetara Sims经历了一些艰难的岁月。2012年，她的大女儿在密苏里州堪萨斯城的一次争吵中被谋杀。去年，这位单亲妈妈在经济衰退中失去了工作)”以及第二段“So they bought a lottery ticket (彩票) --and won $100.(于是她们买了一张彩票，中了100美元)”可知，Shetara Sims是一位单亲妈妈，不得不独自抚养孩子、在经济衰退期间失去了工作、她的大女儿在一次争吵中丧生，文章没有提及Shetara Sims买彩票亏了很多钱。故选B项。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Shetara Sims had weathered some tough years. In 2012, her eldest daughter was murdered during an argument in Kansas City, Missouri. Last year, the single mother lost her job in the recession (经济衰退). She had only $7 in her pocket as she headed into the grocery store one day last July with her 12-year-old daughter, Rakiya Edmondson.(Shetara Sims经历了一些艰难的岁月。2012年，她的大女儿在密苏里州堪萨斯城的一次争吵中被谋杀。去年，这位单亲妈妈在经济衰退中失去了工作。去年7月的一天，当她和12岁的女儿Rakiya Edmondson走进杂货店时，口袋里只有7美元)”以及第二段“She and her daughter found a dollar bill in the parking lot. Maybe this was their day, they told each other. So they bought a lottery ticket --and won $100.(她和女儿在停车场发现了一张一美元的钞票。也许这是她们的一天，她们告诉对方。于是她们买了一张彩票，中了100美元)”可知，在面临许多困难时，这对母女捡到一美元，买彩票之后中了100美元，可推知幸运女神给了Shetara Sims一个喘息的机会，划线句子表示“让Shetara Sims休息一下”。故选A项。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段““With her current financial hardship, we encouraged her to keep the money,” the department later explained. “She refused, saying the officer’s family needed it and police needed to know they were supported.”(“鉴于她目前的经济困难，我们鼓励她保留这笔钱，”该部门后来解释道。“她拒绝了，说警察的家人需要，警察需要知道他们得到了支持。”)”以及第四段“By then, that feeling of support was mutual. The police set up a GoFundMe page for Sims, whom they called “The Woman with the Heart of Gold.”(到那时，这种支持感是相互的。警方为Sims建立了一个GoFundMe页面，他们称她为“有黄金之心的女人”)”可知，Sims被称为“有黄金之心的女人”，这是因为Sims在自己经济困难的时候，仍然捐赠了彩票中奖的钱。故选C项。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Even better: Officer Moss, who had a 1 percent chance of survival, is out of the hospital and recovering.(更好的是：有1%的生还几率的Moss警官现在已经出院，正在康复中)”可知，Moss警官的生还几率渺茫，能够生还真是一个奇迹。故选D项。 (B) 40. Why is there a personal checklist in the advertisement? A. To help readers self-check their degree of aging. B. To teach readers how to slow the natural aging process. C. To urge readers to take their own health issues more seriously. D. To make readers aware of how much the product can help them. 41. Which of the following is NOT the safety feature of a Safe Step Tub? A. Low step-in. B. Heated seat and back. C. Grab bars. D. Anti-slip tub floor. 42. If a customer calls 1-888-380-9164 today, he can ________. A. have a $1500 discount when he buys any bathroom fittings B. get $1500 back for the walk-in tub he bought last year C. save $1500 when buying a new Safe Step Walk-In Tub D. change the Walk-In Tub for a shower room for free 【答案】40. D 41. B 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要推广安全步行浴缸，介绍了产品的优点和好处，从而吸引潜在客户的注意并激发他们的购买欲望。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，在广告中，个人清单的存在主要是为了强调用户可能面临的健康问题或不便，进而通过这些问题来突出安全步入式浴缸能够为用户带来的帮助和解决方案。这种方式能够直接让读者意识到产品的重要性和实用性，从而激发他们的购买欲望。故选D。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，选项B“Heated seat and back(加热座椅和靠背)”不是Safe Step Tub(安全步行浴缸)的安全特性。它更多地是一个舒适性或便利性的特性，而不是直接关联到浴缸的安全性能。而“Low step-in(低门槛进入)”、“Grab bars(扶手)”和“Anti-slip tub floor(防滑浴缸地板)”都是与安全直接相关的特性，旨在帮助用户更安全地使用浴缸。故选B。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章中“Call today and receive exclusive savings of $1500 off plus a free shower package! Call 18883809164 with purchase of a new Safe Step Walk-In Tub.(今天致电，您将获得1500美元的独家优惠和免费淋浴套餐！致电18883809164购买一个新的安全步入式浴缸。)”可知，如果客户今天拨打该电话号码，他可以在购买新的Safe Step Walk-In Tub时节省1500美元。故选C。 (C) When would you say “old age” begins? It’s possible that the closer you think you are to that threshold (起始点), the later you’ll put it, but people’s general perceptions of old age have been changing over time. New research finds that nowadays, we think of old age starting later than we used to — but that trend may not continue forever. Scientists from Germany, the USA, and Luxembourg analyzed data from over 14,000 individuals participating in a decades-long study called the German Ageing Survey. These participants, born between 1911 and 1974, covering several generations, provided up to eight responses over a 25-year span, when they were aged between 40 and 100. One of the main questions, and the subject of the new paper, was “At what age would you describe someone as old?” When they were asked this question at the age of 65, people born in 1911 said that old age begins, on average, at the age of 71. When the question was repeated to people born in 1956 once they also hit 65 years old, they instead put the threshold three years later, at 74. In a statement, first author Markus Wettstein gave some suggestions as to why this might be: “Life expectancy has increased, which might contribute to a later perceived onset (开始) of old age. Also, some aspects of health have improved over time, so that people of a certain age who were regarded as old in the past may no longer be considered old nowadays.” The same trend was observed at the individual level too. On average, as each participant aged by four or five years themselves, their estimate for the onset of old age increased by a year. Women put the threshold for old age about two years later than men on average. There were some other factors that were found to impact someone’s individual estimate too — for example, people in poorer health, who were lonelier, or who “felt” older generally believed old age begins earlier. “It is unclear to what extent the trend towards postponing old age reflects a trend towards more views on older people and aging, or rather the opposite — perhaps the onset of old age is postponed because people consider being old to be an undesirable state,” Wettstein said. What’s evident is that this postponement trend won’t last forever. In fact, it’s already slowing down. The study has some limitations, in that participants were all from one country. The researchers say future studies should seek to address this, as well as examining whether the trend towards postponing the perception of the onset of old age is continuing to decelerate. 43. What is the main finding of the new research mentioned in the article? A. People’s perceptions of old age have remained constant over time. B. Improvements in certain health aspects help increase life expectancy. C. The threshold for considering someone as “old” has been shifting earlier. D. Nowadays people tend to think of old age as starting later than in the past. 44. Which of the following is TRUE about the research? A. The 14,000 participants were from Germany, the US, and Luxembourg. B. The participants provided at most eight responses during the 25-year period. C. Future studies will explore factors affecting the estimated onset of old age. D. Some participants cover several generations but are from the same family. 45. Which of the following is NOT included in the postponement trend? A. Women set the starting point of old age around two years later than men. B One’s closeness to this threshold could delay their perception of old age. C. People’s perception of a later onset of old age justifies delaying retirement. D. Individuals once labeled as old at a certain age may not be considered so now. 46. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Poorer people generally see old age starting earlier than the wealthier. B. Postponing the onset of old age reflects a growing respect for the elderly. C. People may delay the onset of old age because of their negative views of it. D. Whether the postponement trend is slowing down needs further observation. 【答案】43. D 44. B 45. C 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文的体裁是说明文。文章基于一项关于人们对老年年龄认知变化的科学研究，分析了数据，探讨了影响人们将某一年龄视为“老年”起点的因素，并讨论了这一趋势的社会和心理动因以及其未来走向。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“New research finds that nowadays, we think of old age starting later than we used to — but that trend may not continue forever.(新的研究发现，现在我们认为老年开始的时间比以前晚了，但这种趋势可能不会永远持续下去。)”可知，人们现在倾向于认为老年期开始得比过去晚。故选D。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These participants, born between 1911 and 1974, covering several generations, provided up to eight responses over a 25-year span, when they were aged between 40 and 100. (这些参与者出生于1911年至1974年之间，跨越几代人，在40岁至100岁的25年时间里提供了多达8次回答。)”可知，参与者在25年间最多提供了8次回答。故选B。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的“Women put the threshold for old age about two years later than men on average.(女性的老年门槛平均比男性晚两年左右。)”可知，女性比男性晚两年左右开始步入老年，故选项A被提及了。根据文章第一段“When would you say “old age” begins? It’s possible that the closer you think you are to that threshold (起始点), the later you’ll put it, but people’s general perceptions of old age have been changing over time.(你认为“老年”从什么时候开始？有可能你越认为自己接近这个起始点，你就会越晚提出，但人们对老年的普遍看法一直在随着时间的推移而改变。)”可知，当个人接近他们认为的老年期起点时，他们可能会将这个起点推后，故选项B被提及了。根据文章第五段中的“Also, some aspects of health have improved over time, so that people of a certain age who were regarded as old in the past may no longer be considered old nowadays(此外，随着时间的推移，健康的某些方面也有所改善，因此，过去被认为是老年人的某一年龄的人，现在可能不再被认为是老年人了。”)”可知，曾经在某个年龄被贴上老年人标签的人，现在可能就不这么认为了，故选项D被提及了。选项C“People’s perception of a later onset of old age justifies delaying retirement.(人们对老年期开始较晚的认识证明了延迟退休是合理的)”并未在文中提及。故选C。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段““It is unclear to what extent the trend towards postponing old age reflects a trend towards more views on older people and aging, or rather the opposite — perhaps the onset of old age is postponed because people consider being old to be an undesirable state,” Wettstein said.(韦特斯坦说：“目前还不清楚，推迟衰老的趋势在多大程度上反映了人们对老年人和老龄化有更多看法的趋势，或者恰恰相反——也许人们认为老年是一种不受欢迎的状态，所以推迟了老年的到来。”)”可知，由于对老年的负面看法，人们可能会推迟认为老年期开始的时间。故选C。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Fear of Missing Out It’s a common experience: You’re scrolling through a social media page, and you see pictures of friends travelling or going to parties. Suddenly you start to wonder why you’re not doing those things. _____47_____ This experience has come to be known as the fear of missing out, sometimes abbreviated FOMO. To some extent, people have always worried about missing out on things. But with the rise of social media, FOMO is becoming much more common. Wanting to be in on the fun when exciting things are happening is completely normal. But for some people, it can lead to the constant thought of checking their phones to find out what other people are doing. Even while doing things that are fun or necessary, people can feel like there’s something better going on elsewhere. _____48_____ It prevents them from being satisfied with the good things in their lives. _____49_____ People tend to pick and choose the things they share, so we only ever know a small part of anyone else’s life. It’s also important to be humble and acknowledge your limitations. You cannot be everywhere and do everything that might be interesting or productive, and that’s OK. It might even be necessary to turn off your phone or log out of social media for a while. Get rid of the constant reminders of everything that’s happening in the world. You can even set particular times in your day to check email and social media. _____50_____ Finally, focus on the things in front of you. Enjoy them, do them well and let everything else go. When you fully engage with life, you’ll worry less about what you’re not doing. Don’t let the fear of missing out cause you to miss out on the good things you have in life. Relax, enjoy what you do and let other people enjoy their lives without envying them. A. This urge to connect can ironically lead them to disconnect from the people they are actually with. B. By stepping away for a time, you can help keep other people’s lives in perspective. C. Your mood will be easily influenced by others and your life starts to be controlled by the outside world. D. Are you missing out on something fun and exciting because you’re locked into everyday life? E. It’s important to remember that what people choose to post on social media does not necessarily reflect their life overall. F. Rather than focusing on what you lack, try noticing what you have. 【答案】47. D 48. A 49. E 50. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要概括了“错失恐惧症”的现象，即人们在使用社交媒体时，看到他人分享的活动和经历，会感到自己错过了某些有趣或重要的事情，从而产生焦虑。 【47题详解】 上文“You’re scrolling through a social media page, and you see pictures of friends travelling or going to parties. Suddenly you start to wonder why you’re not doing those things. (你正在浏览社交媒体页面，看到朋友旅行或参加聚会的照片。突然间，你开始想知道为什么没有做那些事情)”提到看到朋友们旅行或参加聚会的照片时，我们开始疑惑自己为什么没有做那些事情。这引出了一个常见的体验，即担心错过一些有趣的事情。D项“Are you missing out on something fun and exciting because you’re locked into everyday life? (你因为被日常生活所困而错过了什么有趣和令人兴奋的事情吗？)”承接上文，提出问题，引导读者思考自己是否也因为日常生活而错过了有趣的事情，进而引出下文FOMO(错失恐惧症)的概念，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。 【48题详解】 上文“But for some people, it can lead to the constant thought of checking their phones to find out what other people are doing. Even while doing things that are fun or necessary, people can feel like there’s something better going on elsewhere.(但对一些人来说，这可能会导致他们不断查看手机，看看别人在做什么。即使在做有趣或必要的事情时，人们也会觉得其他地方正在发生更好的事情)”提到，即使在做有趣或必要的事情时，有的人也会觉得别处有更好的事情正在发生。A项“This urge to connect can ironically lead them to disconnect from the people they are actually with.(这种想要联系的冲动反而会让他们与实际上在一起的人断开联系)”承接上文，说明这一状态导致的结果：让他们与实际上在一起的人断开联系，忽略了与身边人的实际交流，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。 【49题详解】 下文“People tend to pick and choose the things they share, so we only ever know a small part of anyone else’s life.(人们倾向于挑选他们分享的东西，所以我们只知道别人生活的一小部分)”告诉读者人们分享的内容是经过挑选的，只是生活的一小部分，是对E项“It’s important to remember that what people choose to post on social media does not necessarily reflect their life overall.(重要的是要记住，人们在社交媒体上选择发布的内容并不一定反映他们的整体生活)”的进上步阐述，句中“a small part of anyone else’s life”与E项“does not necessarily reflect their life overall”相照应。故选E项。 【50题详解】 上文“It might even be necessary to turn off your phone or log out of social media for a while. Get rid of the constant reminders of everything that’s happening in the world. You can even set particular times in your day to check email and social media.(甚至可能有必要关掉手机或暂时退出社交媒体。摆脱那些不断提醒你世界上正在发生的事情的东西。你甚至可以在一天中设定特定的时间查看电子邮件和社交媒体)”建议关掉手机或暂时退出社交媒体，远离干扰，B项“By stepping away for a time, you can help keep other people’s lives in perspective.(通过暂时远离，你可以帮助自己保持对他人生活的正确看法)”承接上文，说明这样做的好处，句中“stepping away”与上文“turn off your phone or log out of social media for a while”相照应。故选B项。 IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why Gen Z Is Leaving Cities for the Countryside In recent years, there has been a noticeable trend of Gen Z individuals relocating from cities to the countryside. This generation, born between the mid-1990s and early 2010s, is known for its preference for experiences over material possessions and a desire to lead a more sustainable lifestyle. As a result, many young people are leaving urban areas in pursuit of a slower pace of life and closer connection with nature. The appeal of country living for Gen Z stems from multiple factors. Firstly, it offers a slower pace of life, which can be a welcome change from the hustle and bustle of city living. This can be particularly beneficial for those who struggle with anxiety or stress-related issues. Moreover, there is greater access to nature and outdoor activities such as hiking, camping and fishing. This not only promotes physical health but also helps to develop a deeper connection with the natural world. Also, living in the countryside often means lower living costs and less competition for jobs, making it an attractive option for those just starting out in their careers. Some believe that technology has completely captured the attention of the younger generation, and they are therefore reluctant to leave the conveniences and excitement of the modern city. Actually, it is precisely this technological advancement that has facilitated the shift towards rural living among Gen Z. With remote work becoming increasingly common, young adults are no longer tied to urban centers for employment. They can work from anywhere with a reliable internet connection. Additionally, social media platforms have made it easier for individuals to share their rural lifestyles and connect with others who have similar interests. This virtual community fosters a sense of belonging and encourages young people to explore and appreciate the natural beauty of countryside. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Gen Z is leaving cities for the countryside. The slower life pace of rural living relieves anxiety; outdoor activities benefit physical health and draw people closer to nature; lower living cost and less job competition also attract young people. Internet connection and social media platforms enable them to work remotely and be connected with others, making life convenient and enjoyable. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍Z世代离开城市前往农村的原因。农村生活的慢节奏缓解了焦虑；户外活动有益于身体健康，拉近人们与自然的距离；较低的生活成本和较少的就业竞争也吸引了年轻人。互联网连接和社交媒体平台使他们能够远程工作并与他人联系，使生活更加便利和愉快。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①In recent years, there has been a noticeable trend of Gen Z individuals relocating from cities to the countryside. ②As a result, many young people are leaving urban areas in pursuit of a slower pace of life and closer connection with nature. ③Firstly, it offers a slower pace of life, which can be a welcome change from the hustle and bustle of city living. ④Moreover, there is greater access to nature and outdoor activities such as hiking, camping and fishing. ⑤Also, living in the countryside often means lower living costs and less competition for jobs, making it an attractive option for those just starting out in their careers. ⑥This virtual community fosters a sense of belonging and encourages young people to explore and appreciate the natural beauty of countryside. 2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4、5、6四个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Gen Z is leaving cities and going to the countryside. There are various reasons for Gen Z’s leaving cities for the countryside .For example, the slower life pace of rural living relieves anxiety; outdoor activities benefit physical health and draw people closer to nature; lower living cost and less job competition also attract young people. Internet connection and social media platforms enable them to work remotely and be connected with others, which can make life convenient and enjoyable. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The slower life pace of rural living relieves anxiety; outdoor activities benefit physical health and draw people closer to nature; lower living cost and less job competition also attract young people. 运用了几个分句来描述Z世代离开城市去农村的原因，表达高级。 [高分句型2]：Internet connection and social media platforms enable them to work remotely and be connected with others, making life convenient and enjoyable. 用现在分词making 作结果状语，表达非常高级。 V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 看到极端气候时，人们往往会将它和全球变暖联系起来。(associate) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When witnessing extreme weather, people tend to associate it with global warming. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词，一般现在时，形容词，介词，名词。根据汉语意思可知，句子的主要成分为“人们往往会将它和全球变暖联系起来。”，所以前面为状语。表示“当……时候”用when；表示“看到”用witness；天气为weather；极端的为extreme；因为句子中已经有谓语动词，所以witness作非谓语，与句子的逻辑主语为主谓关系，所以用现在分词；所以前半句为When witnessing extreme weather。“常常做某事”为tend to do sth.，陈述经常性的行为，用一般现在时；“将……与……联系”为associate … with …；此处指的是将极端天气与全球变暖相联系，前文中已经出现“极端天气”所以用it代替；“全球变暖”为global warming。所以后半句为people tend to associate it with global warming.故答案为When witnessing extreme weather, people tend to associate it with global warming. 53. 数字化进程使学生能够在一个无风险的环境中进行虚拟实验。(enable) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The process of digitalization enables students to do virtual experiments in a risk-free environment. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和固定短语。“数字化进程”是主语，译为“the process of digitalization”，“使某人能够做某事”为固定短语enable sb to do，不定式为宾语补足语，学生译为“students”，“进行虚拟实验”译为“do virtual experiments”，状语“在一个无风险的环境中”译为“in a risk-free environment”，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，故翻译为The process of digitalization enables students to do virtual experiments in a risk-free environment. 54. 尽管电动车着火事故频频发生，但发展新能源汽车依然是大势所趋。(occurrence) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Despite the frequent occurrence of electric vehicle fire, the development of new energy vehicles remains an irresistible trend. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词、名词、时态和形容词。尽管意为“Despite”，电动车着火事故频频发生意为“the frequent occurrence of electric vehicle fire”，发展新能源汽车译为“the development of new energy vehicles”，依然是译为“remain”，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，大势所趋意为“an irresistible trend”，故翻译为Despite the frequent occurrence of electric vehicle fire, the development of new energy vehicles remains an irresistible trend. 55. 根据一项学生会的调查，学生熬夜学习的主要原因是对早睡的内疚以及对学业落后的担忧。(why) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】According to a survey conducted by the students’ union, the main reasons why students burn the night oil are guilt over sleeping early and concern about falling behind in their studies. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语、名词（短语）、动词短语、非谓语动词和定语从句。句子在介绍一般性的事实，时态宜用一般现在时；“根据一项学生会的调查”为状语，“根据”可用介词短语according to，“一项调查”可用名词a survey，“学生会的”可理解为“由学生会实施的”，可用过去分词短语conducted by the students’ union作survey的后置定语；“……的主要原因”可用固定句型the main reasons why…，why引导限制性定语从句修饰reasons，该从句中主语“学生”可用名词students，“熬夜学习”可用动词短语burn the night oil；“是”用be动词are，“对早睡的内疚”可用名词短语guilt over sleeping early，其中动名词sleeping early作over的宾语，“以及”应用连词and，“对学业落后的担忧”可用名词短语concern about falling behind in their studies，其中动名词falling behind in their studies作about的宾语。故可译为：According to a survey conducted by the students’ union, the main reasons why students burn the night oil are guilt over sleeping early and concern about falling behind in their studies. VI. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假定你是李华，你的朋友吴磊邀请了5位朋友下周末参加他在家里举办的阅读马拉松活动 (readathon)。他非常需要朋友们的建议来帮助他设计活动并做好各项准备工作。请给他写一封信，提出你的想法和意见。 以下内容仅作参考： 阅读马拉松(readathon)是一项专注于阅读的活动或比赛，通常具有特定的目标或挑战，以个人或团队为单位进行。活动可以结合对阅读速度和质量的考察，采取多种形式展开。例如：阅读规定数量的书籍、持续阅读特定的时长，或者阅读某一特定主题的书籍等等。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Wu Lei, I have heard that you will hold a readathon, which is an activity or race that focuses on reading, usually with a specific goal or challenge, and is conducted individually or as a team. I am delighted to give you some advice on the activity. From my point of view, the activity can focus on the examination of the speed and quality of reading, so we can design some tests to check speed and quality, for instance, finishing reading a book or a passage within specific time. Besides, we can read a book with given topic, then share what we have gained from the book. The activity of reading can be taken in many forms. First, our members can be divided into groups and read together. Then, we can let each member read individually and share their opinion. These are my advice for the activity. I hope they will be helpful for you. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给吴磊写封信，对于他将在家里举办的阅读马拉松活动提出想法和意见。 【详解】1.词汇积累 专注于：focus on→ concentrate on 建议：advice→ suggestion 此外：besides→ in addition 有帮助的：helpful→ beneficial 2.句式拓展 同意句转换 原句：Besides, we can read a book with given topic, then share what we have gained from the book. 拓展句：Besides, we can read a book that has a given topic, then share what we have gained from the book. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I have heard that you will hold a readathon, which is an activity or race that focuses on reading, usually with a specific goal or challenge, and is conducted individually or as a team.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Besides, we can read a book with given topic, then share what we have gained from the book.（运用了what引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$