专题08 阅读回答问题(北京高考真题+名校模拟)-备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(北京专用)

备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(北京专用) 第一期 专题08 阅读回答问题(北京高考真题+名校模拟) （2024·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Growing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my own efforts to be enough. When I decided to pursue a postgraduate degree, I wanted to develop a novel research programme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve. As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. As a result, the first four years of my postgraduate career were defined by a series of failures. During my second year, I failed my comprehensive exam because my proposal was unclear. During my third year, I discovered that after treating thousands of seeds, I obtained just one plant I could use for experiments. By my fourth year, my desperation to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence. My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. I worked extensively with other students, constantly asked questions, and helped with ongoing projects to learn everything I could. Finally, I conducted an elegant experiment that would not have been possible without the help of the members in the lab. My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data. By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. 1．In the beginning, what drove the author to push forward with the research plan? 2．What was the solution by the adviser and the author after those repeated failures? 3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. > The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. 4．From this story, what can you learn about “independence”? (In about 40 words) （2023·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits. Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues. A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is. Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values. 5．How are habits built? 6．In what way is a routine different from a habit? 7．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. 8．What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words) （2022·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water. Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains. The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through. Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG). Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.” 9．What did Tom witness at his own school? 10．Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle? 11．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. 12．Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why?(In about 40 words) （2021·北京·高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．Thus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends， family members，or classmates rather than holding them back． There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices， and storming out．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health．In a study，2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row．When people had an argument that they considered resolved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） of those who avoided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions．In other words，resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half．One day later， people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument． This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution——and you are less likely to be annoyed． Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not． It is easier to avoid a discussion，but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome． 13．According to this passage，what is arguing？ 14．Why is it that“the older you are， the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”？ 15．Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why． Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry． 16．In addition to improving emotional health，what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument？ （In about 40 words） （2024·北京朝阳·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 When Eugenie George first heard that her friend passed the accountant exam, her heart sank. She’d failed that test weeks earlier, and needed the certificate to advance her own career. “My inner child got upset,” recalls George. But then, she called her friend. “I told her I failed and admitted I was envious,” she says. Being frank shifted her attitude, and she was surprised to realize she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in tum. “I congratulated my friend and told her she inspired me,” George says. This is what scientists called freudenfreude, meaning finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. Freudenfreude is like social glue, says Catherine Chambliss, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College. It makes relationships “close and more enjoyable.” A study in 2021 examined freudenfreude’s role in daily life and found that it could improve life satisfaction and even help people co-operate during a conflict. While the benefits of freudenfreude are plentiful, it doesn’t always come easily. If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self-worth, Chambliss says, you might misread someone else’s victory as your own personal shortcoming. Besides, mental health can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy. Negative emotions like anger or dislike may lead to the opposite of freudenfreude. Luckily, the ability of freudenfreude can be exercised. To help people strengthen joy-sharing muscles, Chambliss and his colleagues developed a programme called Freudenfreude Enhancement Training practices. They found that depressed students who used the practices for two weeks had an easier time expressing freudenfreude, which enhanced their relationships and improved their moods. Given that, having freudenfreude is beneficial and it is worthwhile to explore ways to encourage the feeling. 17．According to scientists, what is freudenfreude? 18．What impact does freudenfreude have on daily life? 19．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. 20．Besides George’s experience mentioned in the passage, please describe one of your experiences of freudenfreude. (In about 40 words) （2024·北京大兴·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Children learn best when the significant adults in their lives—parents, teachers, and other family and community members—work together to encourage and support them. This basic fact should be a guiding principle as we think about how schools should be organized and how children should be taught. Schools alone cannot address all of a child’s developmental needs: the meaningful involvement of parents and support from the community are essential. The need for a strong partnership between schools and families to educate children may seem like common sense. In simpler times, this relationship was natural and easy to maintain. Teachers and parents were often neighbors and found many occasions to discuss a child’s progress. Children heard the same messages from teachers and parents and understood that they were expected to uphold the same standards at home and at school. As society has become more complex and demanding, though, these relationships have all too often fallen by the wayside. Neither educators nor parents have enough time to get to know one another and establish working relationships on behalf of children. In many communities, parents are discouraged from spending time in classrooms and educators are expected to consult with family members only when a child is in trouble. The result, in too many cases, is misunderstanding, mistrust, and a lack of respect, so that when a child falls behind, teachers blame the parents and parents blame the teachers. At the same time，our society has created artificial distinctions （区别）of the roles that parents and teachers should play in a young person’s development. We tend to think that schools should stick to teaching academics and that home is the place where children’s moral and emotional development should take place. Yet children don’t stop learning about values and relationships when they enter a classroom, nor do they cease learning academics— and attitudes about learning —when they are at home or elsewhere in their community. These days, it can take extraordinary efforts to build strong relationships between families and educators. Schools have to reach out to families, making them feel welcome as full partners in the educational process. Families, in turn, have to make a commitment of time and energy to support their children both at home and at school. 21．What is important when it comes to children’s education? 22．Why is it hard for parents and teachers to build a strong partnership nowadays? 23．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Families and schools should join hands to support students’ development, and they should be aware that there is a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children. 24．What are your suggestions on how to get parents involved in school affairs?   （2024·北京海淀·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 As a kid, I dreamed of becoming a marine biologist and I lived out this fantasy by setting up aquariums(鱼缸) at home. Then, at 20, I was introduced to photographer David Liittschwager, who hired me to help him with a magazine assignment on marine life. David’s assignment was to document the amazing biodiversity found in the ocean. My role was to collect species for him to photograph. Every night, I would cast a floating lamp. Like moths drawn to a flame, mysterious creatures would emerge from the depths in search of this light. I’d then set up aquariums to house them as they waited for David to take their shot. Those evenings made me feel as if I were on another planet. I had never imagined such strange life-forms could exist in our oceans. But I didn’t grasp the true magic of what was in front of me until I saw the photographs David took. The biggest surprise was his image of a baby flounder. I caught this fish by accident. Only later did I notice its two tiny eyeballs staring back at me. But David’s photograph of this flounder revealed a universe of detail that even my eager eyes had missed. His macro lens magnified its ribs. The lightning-fast exposure froze its motion. A precisely aimed light released the rainbow hidden in its skin. And the black background removed all distractions to focus our attention on the quiet beauty at hand. Years after that project, I was snorkeling(潜水) on a shallow reef. Out of the darkness, another baby flounder emerged and settled on my mask. This time I knew what to look for. Before working for David, I had assumed the goal of photography was simply to reproduce an observation so that others could share the same experience. It had never occurred to me that photography could expand our visual perception and therefore teach us to see the world anew. 25．What was the author’s responsibility in David’s assignment? 26．Why was David’s image of a baby flounder the biggest surprise to the author? 27．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶Encountering a baby flounder while snorkeling deepened the author’s understanding that photography could reproduce an observation. 28．What can help you see the world anew?(In about 40 words) （2024·北京东城·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 If you are a psychology enthusiast, you have probably heard of the famous marshmallow test (棉花糖实验). In this task, kids are given a marshmallow, and are told that they can eat that marshmallow now, or wait a little while, and have two marshmallows instead. Some kids eat the marshmallow immediately, but most try their best to wait for two. When the researchers followed up with those kids later in life, children who waited longer had better life outcomes: more academic success, better social behavior, and even markers of better health. They believe those children who keep waiting are the ones with the most self-control-a key factor in success, and that’s why they are so successful later. But what if the behavior in the marshmallow test has more to do with cultural norms than self-control? A 2022 study tested the idea that children may decide how long to wait for rewards based on what they are accustomed to waiting for in their culture. For example, in the United States, there is no widespread mealtime custom of waiting until everyone is served. In Japan, however, there is. Because of this difference in norms, the researchers hypothesized that Japanese children would wait longer in the marshmallow test than the American children. This is exactly what they found later in experiments. But this isn’t conclusive evidence; after all, maybe Japanese children actually have better self-control, or maybe they differ from American children in other ways that could explain the result. In the U. S., gifts are usually given on special occasions and children usually have to wait before they can unwrap their presents. In Japan, however, gift-giving happens more often, and children usually open presents immediately. Given these cultural differences, scientists expected that if they ran the test with gifts instead of marshmallows, American kids would wait longer. Once again, their hypothesis was correct. This is a powerful result because it demonstrates the importance of culture and habit in shaping behavior. If a child waits only few minutes before giving up on two marshmallows but much longer to unwrap a gift, can we really say that child lacks self-control? I don’t think so. I think it just means that they are adjusting well to their social settings. 29．According to the researchers, why do children who wait longer have better life outcomes? 30．What was the purpose of the 2022 study? 31．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. When scientists ran the test with gifts, American kids behaved the same as they did in the test with marshmallows. 32．Besides the cases mentioned in the passage, please give one or two examples to show how culture shapes your behavior. (In about 40 words) （2024·北京西城·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 In a fast-paced world, where stress and mental tiredness seem commonplace, we’re constantly looking for new ways to unwind. People may carry out a variety of activities to help them relax. But what about the birdsongs or other nature sounds? Could they also help people to let go of the tensions of modern life? According to a study by King’s College London in 2022, seeing or hearing birds could help to boost the mental wellbeing of people. Taking a trip to places rich in birdlife like parks, forests and canals and encountering birds singing to each other in the trees could even help to treat some mental health conditions. And it’s not just birds that could have a curative effect on our moods. Another study conducted by the National Trust compared the effects of woodland sounds with voiced meditation (冥想) apps. The study found listening to birdsong as well as other woodland sounds like leaves crunching underfoot or the gentle flow of a stream boosted feelings of relaxation 30% more than the apps do. Other sounds which may help to cool people down are waves lapping on the shore, gentle wind, and light rainfall. However, not all of us live in rural surroundings, and depending on where we live, a trip to the countryside to see birds may not be an option. But could the nature sounds that originate there still help you? According to research by California Polytechnic State University, even a recording of the sounds of birds had a profound effect on people’s mood, while other studies saw people listening to soundscapes of the coast and forests with similar outcomes to their wellbeing. So, wherever you live, you can access the wonderful sounds of birds and nature during a stroll through a wood or via some headphones. And maybe listening to the chirps, trills, warbles and whistles of some birds could help you to relax after a long, hard day. 33．What did the study by King’s College London in 2022 find? 34．How did the National Trust conduct the study? 35．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. According to the passage, birds singing, voiced meditation apps and the recording of the sounds of nature have the same effect on people’s mood. 36．Besides what is mentioned in the passage, what do you usually do to help you relax in your daily life? (In about 40 words) （2024·北京延庆·一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Anxiety is not deadly, because being able to feel anxious shows that our fight-or-flight system is operational, which is an indicator of brain and sensory health. Once we accept that being anxious is a normal part of life, we can use it to our benefit. Anxiety can help build our emotional strength. If we want to build emotional strength, we need to face some degree of mental stress. Of course, unpleasant and abuse tend to cause more harm than good, but the experience of occasional anxiety, stress, and tension substantially increases our emotional courage. Anxiety can increase your emotional connection. Clinical science has identified that sharing our anxieties with our loved ones is one of the most effective strategies to build connection. When my patients learn to open up and share their anxieties with their partners, they almost always report a greater sense of emotional connection. Anxiety can help us rebalance. When we feel genuinely anxious because of stress, it’s our body’s way of telling us to rebalance. Nobody is truly limitless. When we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge more focused and healthier overall and also less stressed and anxious. Anxiety can be a healthy, helpful emotion that is a constructive aspect of human life. When it comes to occasional experience of anxiety, it can emotionally help boost our courage. It can also build up emotional connect ion when we express our sensitive feelings to others. And in the form of stress, it can serve as an internal indicator to remain balanced and healthy. Now it’s high time we started putting it to good use． 37．Why is anxiety not deadly? 38．When can anxiety increase our emotional connection? 39．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why? When we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge more focused and healthier overall and also more stressed and anxious． 40．As a student, how do you make use of test anxiety to help you be better prepared for exams? (In about 40 words) （23-24高三上·北京·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 You are watching your favorite TV show when a commercial break starts. First you see an ad for candy. Then there is one for fast food. Your stomach growls. Suddenly, all you can think about is how much you need a snack. If that sounds familiar, you are not alone. Researchers from McMaster University in Canada studied the effects of junk food ad. The researchers examined the effects of advertising junk food on more than 6000kids through TV commercials and other types of media. They found that kids made unhealthy food and drink choicesas quickly as 30 minutes after seeing the ads. “There is too much unhealthy food advertising out there,” Says Behnam Sadeghirad. He’s one of the researchers who led the study. “This is dangerous for younger children.” Food and drink ads are everywhere from TV to the Internet. Companies want to make sure you know about their products. They spend nearly 1.8 billion a year on food ads aimed at kids according to a report. The Nielsen Company tracked the number of food ads that kids saw in 2015. It found that kids watched nearly 12 food ads on TV each day. Most of these ads weren’t for health y foods. In fact, on average. kids saw only one ad per week for fruits and vegetables. Instead, most of the ads were for fast food, candy and sugary drinks. Jennifer Harris, a professor at the University of Connecticut, says this is a big part of the problem. “Unhealthy foods are not things we should be encouraging kids to eat more often”. Harris says. “But unfortunately those are the products being advertised to them the most”. Health experts say it’s OK to treat yourself to a cookie once in a while. But what can you do to keep from having an unhealthy snack every time you see an ad for junk food? Harris says it’s important to learn to spot the techniques companies use in their ads, tell their kids what is going on and help kids think about whether these products are good for them. 41．What did researchers from MaMaster University find? 42．What do the findings of the Nielsen Company suggest? 43．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. To avoid negative impacts of advertisements for unhealthy food, parents should keep their kids from watching these kinds of advertisements. 44．Please briefly describe what you can do to reduce the negative impact of advertising on your life. （23-24高三上·北京朝阳·期中）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 The word “motivation” comes from the Latin term motivus, “a moving cause”. It is described as the force that drives us to pursue a goal, including the desire to continue pursuing meaning, purpose, and a life worth living. It fuels competition and boosts social connection. Its absence can lead to mental illnesses such as depression. People often have multiple motives for engaging in any one behaviour. Motivation might be extrinsic. That means a person is inspired by outside forces—other people or rewards. Anything promised for completing the task or received as a result of completing the task are extrinsic motivators. Extrinsic motivation can increase motivation in the short term, but over time it may gradually decrease. Motivation can also be intrinsic. Intrinsic motivation comes purely from within, with no expected reward, deadline, or outside pressure. For example, people who are intrinsically motivated to run do so because they love the feeling of running itself. Compared to extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation tends to push people more forcefully, and the achievements are more satisfying, since it is integrated into identity and serves as a continuous source of motivation. To understand motivation, Abraham Maslow introduced the concept of hierarchy of needs (需求层次) in 1943. According to Maslow,  humans are intrinsically motivated to meet physical needs, the most fundamental ones such as needs for food. Then they gradually satisfy several levels of needs from safety, to higher-order needs for love, belonging, and self-respect, and finally move to ward expressing their full potential—self-actualization, the desire to become the most that one can be. Although the generality of Maslow’s theory has been challenged, many believe it reveals fundamental truths about human motivation. No matter where motivation begins, there are always ways to increase it — whether that be your own motivation or someone else’s. Sometimes you might feel completely unmotivated — and that’s OK. In that situation, allow yourself to feel the discomfort, hear the negative self-talk, and then take action anyway. 45．What is motivation? 46．Why is intrinsic motivation more powerful? 47．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▷According to Maslow, we are motivated by different levels of needs, starting at the lowest and the most basic level known as self-actualization needs. 48．In what way(s) do you think you can get motivated? (In about 40 words) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．The need to be recognized as an independent scientist. 2．The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training. 3．The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success. 4．In the story, success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning than to seek help. (答案言之有理即可) 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在追求科学研究的独立过程中遇到的挑战、失败、学习和成长的故事。 1．考查细节理解。根据第二段“As I began designing experiments, my committee members warned me about the challenges I would face. But my need for independence drove me to push forward with my research plan. (当我开始设计实验时，我的委员会成员警告我，我将面临的挑战。但是我对独立的需求驱使我推进我的研究计划)”可知，一开始，是作者对独立的需求驱使作者推进这个研究计划。故答案为：The need to be recognized as an independent scientist. 2．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“My adviser and I devised (想出) a somewhat unusual solution: I would spend three months in a collaborating (合作的) lab to obtain specialised training. (我的导师和我想出了一个有点不同寻常的解决方案：我将在一个合作实验室里待上三个月，接受专门培训)”可知，在反复的失败之后，导师和作者的解决方案是，作者将花三个月的时间在合作实验室接受专门培训。故答案为：The author would spend three months in a collaborating lab to obtain specialised training. 3．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“My adviser saw this experience as a groundbreaking success, emphasising the collaborating skills I acquired. A few months later, when I repeated the experiment in my home lab, I produced more publishable data.(我的导师认为这段经历是一次开创性的成功，强调了我获得的合作技能。几个月后，当我在家里的实验室里重复这个实验时，我得到了更多可发表的数据)”可知，导师认为作者在实验室的经历是一次开创性的成功，这是因为作者通过与他人合作获得了合作技能，而不是因为产生了可发表的数据。故答案：The adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success because publishable data had been produced. It is because the author had acquired the collaborating skills by working with others there so that the adviser considered the author’s experience in the lab a groundbreaking success. 4．开放性问题。答案言之有理即可。通读全文可知，作者成为一名独立科学家的成功最终是通过合作、适应性学习和面对挫折的韧性来实现的。从这个故事中，我们了解到，虽然独立最初是理想化的，并被热情地追求，但真正的独立往往包括认识到合作的价值，并学会何时寻求帮助。故答案为：In the story, success in becoming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved through collaboration, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face of setbacks. From the story, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passionately, true independence often involves recognizing the value of collaboration and learning when to seek help. 5．Habits are built through learning and repetition. 6．A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge. 7．Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months. 8．I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。人们在探索世界的过程中养成了无数的习惯，不管他们是否意识到这些习惯。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。 5．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Habits are built through learning and repetition.(习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的)”可知，习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的。故填Habits are built through learning and repetition.。 6．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is.(虽然一个常规包括重复的行为，但它不一定是为了应对深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，就像习惯一样)”可知，常规不同于习惯在于：常规是重复的行为，而习惯是深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，故填A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge.。 7．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit.(虽然你可以在几周内养成一个新的习惯，但是要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间)”可知，养成一个新的习惯需要好几周，而要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间。所以句子“Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.”中“a shorter time”错误，应该为many months，故填Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months.。 8．开放试题，言之有理即可。题干问“你的一个好习惯给你带来了什么好处？（大约40个字）”，答案可以是：我有早睡早起的好习惯。因此，我可以每天早上精力充沛地学习，这使我学习效率高。而且，我很健康。故填I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy.。 【点睛】 9．Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school. 10．Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. 11．Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG. 12．I think the quality of perspicacity will be important, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31) 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述15岁的汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。 9．考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们大量消费含糖饮料）可知，作为15岁的发明家和创业者，汤姆在学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料。故答案为Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school. 10．考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中“Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions ”（汤姆看着他的妈妈制作健康的水果饮料）第二句“ From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. ”（从观察他的母亲和他要给孩子们更好的饮料选择的愿望，他想出了他的原始模型的Fun Bottle）可知，汤姆在观察母亲制作水果饮料的过程中得到启发，才有了Fun Bottle的原始模型。故答案为Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. 11．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).”（但是这个15岁的孩子最感到自豪的是Fun Bottle带给其他人的机会。它有助于对含糖饮料提供健康的替代品。而且汤姆还捐赠了部分利润为一个名为OHG的组织）可知，汤姆把自己产品的部分利润，并非全部利润，捐给了OHG。所以错误在于“all the profits”，应修改为“part of the profits”，故答案为Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG. 12．开放题，言之有理即可。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料）第二段中““I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.”（“我想出一种健康、自然的方式，让人们在旅途中喝。我的一大任务就是让所有年龄段的人都不再喝含糖饮料,”汤姆解释说）可知，汤姆在看到学生喝含糖的饮料时，他想到要发明出一种适合所有年龄段都能喝的不含糖的饮料，可推知，汤姆是一个很有聪颖的，有洞察力的人。这种洞察力在我们的生活中可以帮助我们不断发现自己的不足，进而帮助我们提升自己。故答案为：I think the quality of perspicacity  im is portant, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31) 13．Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party． 14．It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life． 15．Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity． 16．Resolving arguments can solve specific problems, complex situations at very low cost, improve people's logical thinking , resilience,  is conducive to the formation of a good relationship so that you can make yourself more confident and develop better . 【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。因此，向你的朋友、家人或同学提出问题可能是值得的，而不是阻止他们。 13．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．”（争论是你和你的对手提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。）可知，争论是提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。故答案为Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party． 14．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not．”（而且，年纪越大，越有可能在争吵后找到解决办法。这可能是因为更多的生活经历通常会导致更明确的优先事项。你更有可能区分什么是重要的，什么是不重要的。）可知，更多的生活经验可以帮助人们更好地确定生活中的优先事项。故答案填It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life． 15．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．”（最近的研究表明，如果一个争论得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应就会显著减少或几乎完全消失。）可知，解决争吵可以改善你的情绪健康，因为它增加你的反应，减少你生气的机会。解决争论有助于降低你的反应性，而不是增加你的反应力。故答案为Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity． 16．考查开放思维。解决争吵也可以提高人们的逻辑思维能力和应变能力，使得相互之间的关系得到升华。故可能答案版本一为Resolving arguments can solve specific problems, complex situations at very low cost, improve people's logical thinking , resilience,   is conducive to the formation of a good relationship so that you can make yourself more confident and develop better . 17．Freudenfreude is finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. 18．It improves life satisfaction and even helps people co-operate during a conflict. 19．Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. Mental well-being can affect your ability to participate in the joy of others. 20．1) Last year, in the relay race, my team was defeated by my friend’s team I felt a little envious at first. However, seeing excitement on his face, I related to him and joined in the celebration. As we celebrated together, we were reminded of the power of sharing joy. 2) I experienced freudenfreude when my friend got accepted into her dream school. Although I was still struggling for my final exam and not sure what my future would hold, I sent her sincere congratulations on the success. That enhanced the bond between us, fostering mutual support and encouragement. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述庆祝别人的胜利会给自己带来好处，这种行为也被称为“freudenfreude”。文章解释了freudenfreude的好处以及影响。 17．考查细节理解。根据第二段“This is what scientists called freudenfreude, meaning finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us.(这就是科学家们所说的“freudenfreude”，意思是在别人的成功中找到快乐，即使这与我们没有直接关系)”可知，Freudenfreude是指从别人的成功中寻找快乐，即使这并不直接涉及到我们自己。故答案为Freudenfreude is finding pleasure in another person’s success, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. 18．考查细节理解。根据第二段“A study in 2021 examined freudenfreude’s role in daily life and found that it could improve life satisfaction and even help people co-operate during a conflict.(2021年的一项研究调查了freudenfreude在日常生活中的作用，发现它可以提高生活满意度，甚至有助于人们在冲突中合作)”可知，Freudenfreude能提高生活满意度，甚至有助于人们在冲突中合作。故答案为It improves life satisfaction and even helps people co-operate during a conflict. 19．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Besides, mental health can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy.(此外，心理健康也会影响你参与他人快乐的能力)”可知，错误部分为“physical health”，心理健康会影响你参与他人快乐的能力。故答案为Freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily, and it is affected by your family environment and physical health. Mental well-being can affect your ability to participate in the joy of others. 20．考查开放题。根据“除了文章中提到的乔治的经历，请描述一个你的freudenfreude的经历”可回答：1)去年，在接力赛中，我的队伍被我朋友的队伍打败了，一开始我有点嫉妒。然而，看到他脸上兴奋的表情，我也和他一起庆祝。当我们一起庆祝时，我们意识到分享快乐的力量。 2)当我的朋友被她梦寐以求的学校录取时，我感到freudenfreude。虽然我还在为期末考试而挣扎，不知道我的未来会怎样，但我还是对她的成功表示了诚挚的祝贺。这加强了我们之间的联系，促进了相互支持和鼓励。 故答案为1) Last year, in the relay race, my team was defeated by my friend’s team I felt a little envious at first. However, seeing excitement on his face, I related to him and joined in the celebration. As we celebrated together, we were reminded of the power of sharing joy. 2) I experienced freudenfreude when my friend got accepted into her dream school. Although I was still struggling for my final exam and not sure what my future would hold, I sent her sincere congratulations on the success. That enhanced the bond between us, fostering mutual support and encouragement. 21．It is important that parents, teachers and other family and community members work together to encourage and support the children./Parents, teachers and other family and community members work together to encourage and support the children. 22．In today’s society, parents and teachers are left with little time to build a strong relationship for the benefit of children./Because neither parents nor teachers have enough time to get to know one another and establish working relationships on behalf of children. 23．Families and schools should join hands to support students’ development, and they should be aware that there is a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children. 1. According to the passage, it’s a false impression that parents focus on children’s moral and emotional development and teachers stick to teaching academics. In fact, parents should also help the children with their studies and teachers should contribute to children's moral and emotional development as well. 2. According to the passage, in reality, children don’t stop learning about values and relationships when they enter a classroom, nor do they cease learning academics—and attitudes about learning—when they are at home or elsewhere in their community, so parents and teachers should be aware that there isn’t a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children. 24．Parents can be involved in school affairs in many ways. For example, they can encourage children to complete homework, attend parent-teacher conferences, and be active members of the parent-teacher organization. Besides, they can also volunteer for school activities or provide assistance for schools and students in various ways. 【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了当儿童生活中的重要成人——父母、教师和其他家庭及社区成员——共同努力鼓励和支持他们时，儿童的学习效果最好。 21．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Children learn best when the significant adults in their lives—parents, teachers, and other family and community members—work together to encourage and support them. This basic fact should be a guiding principle as we think about how schools should be organized and how children should be taught. Schools alone cannot address all of a child’s developmental needs: the meaningful involvement of parents and support from the community are essential.(当孩子们生活中重要的成年人——父母、老师和其他家庭和社区成员——共同努力鼓励和支持他们时，他们学得最好。这一基本事实应该成为我们思考如何组织学校和如何教育孩子的指导原则。学校本身不能满足儿童的所有发展需要:家长的有意义的参与和社区的支持是必不可少的)”可知，当谈到孩子的教育时，最重要的是家长、老师和其他家庭和社区成员共同努力鼓励和支持孩子们。故回答：It is important that parents, teachers and other family and community members work together to encourage and support the children.或者Parents, teachers and other family and community members work together to encourage and support the children. 22．考查细节理解。根据第三段“As society has become more complex and demanding, though, these relationships have all too often fallen by the wayside. Neither educators nor parents have enough time to get to know one another and establish working relationships on behalf of children.(然而，随着社会变得越来越复杂和苛刻，这些关系往往被搁置一边。教育工作者和家长都没有足够的时间去了解彼此，为孩子建立工作关系)”可知，因为父母和老师都没有足够的时间去了解彼此，所以家长和老师很难建立牢固的伙伴关系。故回答：In today’s society, parents and teachers are left with little time to build a strong relationship for the benefit of children.或者Because neither parents nor teachers have enough time to get to know one another and establish working relationships on behalf of children. 23．考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段“At the same time，our society has created artificial distinctions （区别）of the roles that parents and teachers should play in a young person’s development. We tend to think that schools should stick to teaching academics and that home is the place where children’s moral and emotional development should take place.(与此同时，我们的社会人为地划分了父母和老师在青少年发展过程中应该扮演的角色。我们倾向于认为学校应该坚持教授学术知识，而家应该是孩子们道德和情感发展的地方)”以及倒数第二段“Yet children don’t stop learning about values and relationships when they enter a classroom, nor do they cease learning academics— and attitudes about learning —when they are at home or elsewhere in their community.(然而，当孩子们进入教室时，他们并没有停止学习价值观和人际关系，当他们在家里或社区的其他地方时，他们也没有停止学习学术——以及对学习的态度)”可知，作者并不认为家庭和学校在孩子的教育中他们的责任有明确的分工，所以Families and schools should join hands to support students’ development, and they should be aware that there is a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children.这句话中“there is a clear division of their responsibilities”部分错误。故回答：Families and schools should join hands to support students’ development, and they should be aware that there is a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children. 1. According to the passage, it’s a false impression that parents focus on children’s moral and emotional development and teachers stick to teaching academics. In fact, parents should also help the children with their studies and teachers should contribute to children's moral and emotional development as well. 2. According to the passage, in reality, children don’t stop learning about values and relationships when they enter a classroom, nor do they cease learning academics—and attitudes about learning—when they are at home or elsewhere in their community, so parents and teachers should be aware that there isn’t a clear division of their responsibilities in the education of children. 24．开放性问题，根据最后一段“These days, it can take extraordinary efforts to build strong relationships between families and educators. Schools have to reach out to families, making them feel welcome as full partners in the educational process. Families, in turn, have to make a commitment of time and energy to support their children both at home and at school.(如今，在家庭和教育工作者之间建立牢固的关系需要付出非凡的努力。学校必须向家庭伸出援手，让他们感到在教育过程中作为完全的合作伙伴是受欢迎的。反过来，家庭也必须投入时间和精力在家中和学校里支持他们的孩子)”可知，家长需帮助学校，投入时间和精力在家中和学校里支持他们的孩子。故回答：Parents can be involved in school affairs in many ways. For example, they can encourage children to complete homework, attend parent-teacher conferences, and be active members of the parent-teacher organization. Besides, they can also volunteer for school activities or provide assistance for schools and students in various ways. 25．The author’s responsibility was to collect species for David to photograph. 26．Because it revealed a universe of detail that the author had missed and showed the magic of photography. 27．Encountering a baby flounder while snorkeling deepened the author’s understanding that photography could reproduce an observation./Encountering a baby flounder while snorkeling deepened the author’s understanding that photography could expand our visual perception and teach us to see the world anew. 28．Seeing the world through different perspectives, experiencing new cultures, learning about diverse ideas and beliefs, engaging in meaningful conversations, traveling to new places, and being open to change and growth can all help you see the world anew. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲作者回忆自己年轻时协助摄影师David Liittschwager拍摄海洋生物的经历，通过David拍摄的鱼的照片，意识到摄影可以扩展视觉感知，让人重新看待世界，后来作者潜水时再次遇到小鱼，有了新的认知。 25．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段的“My role was to collect species for him to photograph.(我的职责是收集物种供他拍摄)”可知，作者的职责是为大卫收集物种供他拍摄。故答案为The author’s responsibility was to collect species for David to photograph. 26．考查细节理解。根据文章第四段的“But David’s photograph of this flounder revealed a universe of detail that even my eager eyes had missed. His macro lens magnified its ribs. The lightning-fast exposure froze its motion. A precisely aimed light released the rainbow hidden in its skin. And the black background removed all distractions to focus our attention on the quiet beauty at hand.(但大卫对这条比目鱼的照片揭示了一个宇宙的细节，甚至是我热切的眼睛都错过了。他的微距镜头放大了它的肋骨。闪电般的曝光冻结了它的运动。一束精确瞄准的光释放了隐藏在它皮肤里的彩虹。黑色的背景消除了所有的干扰，使我们的注意力集中在眼前的宁静之美)”可知，大卫拍摄的照片揭示了作者错过的许多细节，展现了摄影的魅力，这让作者感到惊喜。故答案为Because it revealed a universe of detail that the author had missed and showed the magic of photography. 27．考查细节理解。从最后一段的“Years after that project, I was snorkeling on a shallow reef. Out of the darkness, another baby flounder emerged and settled on my mask. This time I knew what to look for. Before working for David, I had assumed the goal of photography was simply to reproduce an observation so that others could share the same experience. It had never occurred to me that photography could expand our visual perception and therefore teach us to see the world anew.(在那个项目几年后，我在一个浅滩上浮潜。黑暗中，另一条小比目鱼出现在我的面具上。这次我知道该找什么了。在为大卫工作之前，我一直认为摄影的目的仅仅是再现观察结果，这样其他人就可以分享同样的经历。我从来没有想过摄影可以扩展我们的视觉感知，从而教会我们重新看待世界)”可知，作者意识到摄影可以扩展我们的视觉感知，让我们重新看待世界，而不只是简单地再现一个观察结果。故答案为Encountering a baby flounder while snorkeling deepened the author’s understanding that photography could reproduce an observation./Encountering a baby flounder while snorkeling deepened the author’s understanding that photography could expand our visual perception and teach us to see the world anew. 28．开放题。要求考生谈谈“什么能帮助你重新看待世界？”考生言之有理即可，例如“通过不同的视角看待世界，体验新的文化，了解不同的想法和信仰，进行有意义的对话，去新的地方旅行，对变化和成长持开放态度，这些都可以帮助你重新看待世界”。故答案为Seeing the world through different perspectives, experiencing new cultures, learning about diverse ideas and beliefs, engaging in meaningful conversations, traveling to new places, and being open to change and growth can all help you see the world anew. 29．Because they believe those children are the ones with the most self-control. 30．To test if the behavior in the marshmallow test has more to do with cultural norms than self-control. 31．When scientists ran the test with gifts, American kids behaved the same as they did in the test with marshmallows. When scientists ran the test with gifts instead of marshmallows, American kids waited longer than Japanese kids. 32．In some cultures, individuals tend to value collectivism over individualism, leading to behaviors such as prioritizing group harmony and cooperation. In contrast, in cultures that prioritize individualism, behaviors like independence and self-reliance are more prevalent. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现那些能够延迟满足的孩子在后续的生活中表现更好，包括更好的学业成绩、更好的社交行为以及更健康的生活指标。 29．考查细节理解。根据第二段的“When the researchers followed up with those kids later in life, children who waited longer had better life outcomes: more academic success, better social behavior, and even markers of better health. They believe those children who keep waiting are the ones with the most self-control-a key factor in success, and that’s why they are so successful later. (当研究人员对这些孩子以后的生活进行跟踪调查时，等待时间较长的孩子有更好的生活结果：学业上更成功，社会行为更好，甚至身体更健康。他们相信那些坚持等待的孩子是最有自制力的——这是成功的关键因素，这就是为什么他们后来会如此成功。)”可知，根据研究人员的说法，等待时间更长的孩子会有更好的生活结果是因为那些孩子是最有自制力的，故答案为Because they believe those children are the ones with the most self-control. 30．考查细节理解。根据第三段的“But what if the behavior in the marshmallow test has more to do with cultural norms than self-control? (但是，如果棉花糖测试中的行为更多地与文化规范有关，而不是自我控制呢？) ”和第四段的“A 2022 study tested the idea that children may decide how long to wait for rewards based on what they are accustomed to waiting for in their culture. (2022年的一项研究验证了这样一种观点，即儿童可能会根据他们在自己的文化中习惯等待的时间来决定等待奖励的时间。)”可知，2022年研究的目的是测试棉花糖测试中的行为是否更多地与文化规范而非自我控制有关，故答案为To test if the behavior in the marshmallow test has more to do with cultural norms than self-control. 31．考查细节理解。根据第七段的“In the U. S., gifts are usually given on special occasions and children usually have to wait before they can unwrap their presents. In Japan, however, gift-giving happens more often, and children usually open presents immediately. (在美国，礼物通常是在特殊的场合送的，孩子们通常要等一等才能打开礼物。然而，在日本，送礼的频率更高，孩子们通常会立即打开礼物。)”可知，“美国孩子的行为与他们在棉花糖测试中的行为相同。”这一说法是错误的，因为文章提到，当测试是用礼物而不是棉花糖进行时，美国孩子实际上等待的时间更长。因此，美国孩子的行为在这两种情况下是不同的。当科学家们用礼物代替棉花糖进行测试时，美国孩子比日本孩子等的时间长，故答案为When scientists ran the test with gifts instead of marshmallows, American kids waited longer than Japanese kids. 32．开放性试题。举例说明文化塑造行为，例如：在一些文化中，个人倾向于重视集体主义而非个人主义，这导致了诸如优先考虑群体和谐与合作等行为。相比之下，在重视个人主义的文化中，独立和自力更生等行为更为普遍，故答案为In some cultures, individuals tend to value collectivism over individualism, leading to behaviors such as prioritizing group harmony and cooperation. In contrast, in cultures that prioritize individualism, behaviors like independence and self-reliance are more prevalent. 33．Seeing or hearing birds could help to boost the mental wellbeing of people. 34．They compared the effects of woodland sounds with voiced meditation apps. 35．According to the passage, birds singing, voiced meditation apps and the recording of the sounds of nature have the same effect on people’s mood. The study found listening to birdsong as well as other sounds of nature boosted feelings of relaxation 30% more than the apps do. 36．In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, I usually listen to music, do some simple exercises, or engage in hobbies such as reading and painting to help me relax in daily life. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了2022年伦敦国王学院的研究发现看到或听到鸟的声音有助于促进人们的心理健康。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现等。 33．考查细节理解。根据第二段“According to a study by King’s College London in 2022, seeing or hearing birds could help to boost the mental wellbeing of people.(根据伦敦国王学院2022年的一项研究，看到或听到鸟类有助于促进人们的心理健康)”可知，2022年伦敦国王学院的研究发现看到或听到鸟的声音有助于促进人们的心理健康。故答案为Seeing or hearing birds could help to boost the mental wellbeing of people. 34．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Another study conducted by the National Trust compared the effects of woodland sounds with voiced meditation (冥想) apps.(国民信托组织进行的另一项研究比较了林地声音和语音冥想应用程序的影响)”可知，国民信托是比较了林地声音和有声冥想应用程序的效果来进行这项研究。故答案为They compared the effects of woodland sounds with voiced meditation apps. 35．考查细节理解。根据第二段“The study found listening to birdsong as well as other woodland sounds like leaves crunching underfoot or the gentle flow of a stream boosted feelings of relaxation 30% more than the apps do.(研究发现，听鸟鸣以及其他林地的声音，如脚下树叶的嘎吱声或溪流的轻柔流水声，比应用程序能让人放松30%)”可知，错误的部分为“have the same effect on people’s mood”，研究发现，听鸟鸣和其他自然声音能比应用程序多增加30%的放松感。故答案为 36．考查开放题。根据“除了文中提到的，你在日常生活中通常做些什么来帮助你放松？”可回答：除了文章中提到的，我通常听音乐，做一些简单的练习，或从事爱好，如阅读和绘画，以帮助我放松在日常生活中。故答案为In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, I usually listen to music, do some simple exercises, or engage in hobbies such as reading and painting to help me relax in daily life. 37．Because being able to feel anxious shows that our fight-or-flight system is operational, which is an indicator of brain and sensory health. 38．When we share our anxieties with our loved ones. 39．When we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge more focused and healthier overall and also more stressed and anxious. Because according to the passage, when we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge less stressed and anxious. 40．I can use test anxiety to motivate myself to study harder and be better prepared for exams by reminding myself of the importance of doing well and the consequences of not being prepared. 【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章就“焦虑”这一话题展开了论述，分析了焦虑的积极作用和如何利用焦虑。 37． 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Anxiety is not deadly, because being able to feel anxious shows that our fight-or-flight system is operational, which is an indicator of brain and sensory health.(焦虑并不是致命的，因为能够感到焦虑表明我们的战斗或逃跑系统在运作，这是大脑和感官健康的一个指标。)”可知，作者认为焦虑并不是致命的，因为能够感到焦虑表明我们的战斗或逃跑系统在运作，这是大脑和感官健康的一个指标。故答案为Because being able to feel anxious shows that our fight-or-flight system is operational, which is an indicator of brain and sensory health. 38． 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Clinical science has identified that sharing our anxieties with our loved ones is one of the most effective strategies to build connection. When my patients learn to open up and share their anxieties with their partners, they almost always report a greater sense of emotional connection.(临床科学已经确定，与我们所爱的人分享我们的焦虑是建立联系的最有效策略之一。当我的病人学会敞开心扉，与伴侣分享他们的焦虑时，他们几乎总是报告一种更大的情感联系。)”可知，研究表明当我们与自己所爱的人分享焦虑时就可以建立更大的情感联系。故答案为When we share our anxieties with our loved ones. 39． 考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“When we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge more focused and healthier overall and also less stressed and anxious.(当我们注意到我们的内在暗示并承认我们的弱点时，我们会变得更加专注和健康，也会减少压力和焦虑。)”可知，当我们注意到我们的内在暗示并承认我们的弱点时，我们会变得更加专注和健康，也会减少压力和焦虑。由此可知，原句：When we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge more focused and healthier overall and also more stressed and anxious.中的“and also more stressed and anxious”表述错误，应该是“and also less stressed and anxious.”。故答案为When we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge more focused and healthier overall and also more stressed and anxious. Because according to the passage, when we pay attention to our internal cues and acknowledge our weaknesses, we emerge less stressed and anxious. 40． 开放题。要求考生谈谈自己将会如何利用考试焦虑来帮助自己更好地准备考试，考生言之有理即可。故参考答案为I can use test anxiety to motivate myself to study harder and be better prepared for exams by reminding myself of the importance of doing well and the consequences of not being prepared. 41．They found that kids made unhealthy food and drink choices as quickly as 30 minutes after seeing the advertisements. 42．It’s hard to avoid seeing junk food ads on TV. 43．To avoid negative impacts of advertisements for unhealthy food, parents should keep their kids from watching this kinds of advertisements. Because according to the passage, to avoid negative impacts for unhealthy food, parents should learn to spot the techniques companies use their ads, tell their kids what is going on and help kids think about whether these products are good for them. 44．Thinking twice with a critical mind allow me to be less affected by the advertisements. When seeing an advertisement, I always think about whether I really need this product. Before purchasing something, I will got to know a product well rather than blindly buy it. Also I will ask my parents for some practical advice. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章讨论了儿童接触垃圾食品广告带来的影响。研究发现，儿童在观看广告后30分钟内会快速做出不健康的食品和饮料选择。专家建议，人们要学会识别广告中的技巧，并教育儿童思考这些产品是否对他们有益。 41．考查细节理解题。根据第二段中“They found that kids made unhealthy food and drink choicesas quickly as 30 minutes after seeing the ads.(他们发现，孩子们在看到广告后30分钟内就做出了不健康的食品和饮料选择。)”可知，研究发现，儿童在观看广告后30分钟内会快速做出不健康的食品和饮料选择。故答案为They found that kids made unhealthy food and drink choices as quickly as 30 minutes after seeing the advertisements。 42．考查细节理解。根据第五段中“The Nielsen Company tracked the number of food ads that kids saw in 2015. It found that kids watched nearly 12 food ads on TV each day. Most of these ads weren’t for health y foods. (尼尔森公司追踪了2015年孩子们看到的食品广告数量。研究发现，孩子们每天在电视上看近12个食品广告。这些广告中的大多数都不是健康食品。)”可知，通过尼尔森公司的调查发现孩子们每天在电视上看近12个食品广告。这些广告中的大多数都不是健康食品，由此推断，很难避免在电视上看到垃圾食品广告。故答案为The finding suggests it’s hard to avoid seeing junk food ads on TV. 43．考查细节理解。题干中“To avoid negative impacts of advertisements for unhealthy food, parents should keep their kids from watching these kinds of advertisements.(为了避免不健康食品广告的负面影响，父母应该阻止他们的孩子看这类广告。)”可知，本句表述的是为了避免不健康食物广告带来的影响，父母应该阻止孩子们看这类广告。根据最后一段中“Harris says it’s important to learn to spot the techniques companies use in their ads, tell their kids what is going on and help kids think about whether these products are good for them.( 哈里斯说，重要的是要学会发现公司在广告中使用的技术，告诉他们的孩子正在发生什么，并帮助孩子思考这些产品是否对他们有益。)”可知，题干中的“Keep their kids from watching this kinds of advertisements.(不要让他们的孩子看这种广告。)”与原文信息不符，文章表述的是为了避免不健康食物广告带来负面影响，家长们要学会发现公司在广告中使用的技术，告诉他们的孩子正在发生什么，并帮助孩子思考这些产品是否对他们有益。故答案为：To avoid negative impacts of advertisements for unhealthy food, parents should keep their kids from watching these kinds of advertisements. Because according to the passage, to avoid negative impacts for unhealthy food, parents should learn to spot the techniques companies use their ads, tell their kids what is going on and help kids think about whether these products are good for them. 44．考查开放性试题。根据题干“Please briefly describe what you can do to reduce the negative impact of advertising on your life. (请简要描述你能做些什么来减少广告对你生活的负面影响)”可知，这是一道开放性试题，结合个人实际以及生活实际，言之有理即可。对待问题这样的问题要三思而后行，形成批判性思维而少受广告的影响。首先，当看到一个广告时，要考虑自己是否真的需要该产品；其次，在购买之前应该先了解一件产品，而不是盲目购买；最后，也可以询问父母一些实用的建议。故答案为：Thinking twice with a critical mind allow me to be less affected by the advertisements. When seeing an advertisement, I always think about whether I really need this product. Before purchasing something, I will got to know a product well rather than blindly buy it. Also I will ask my parents for some practical advice. 45．Motivation is described as the force that drives us to pursue a goal. 46．Because it is integrated into identity and serves as a continuous source of motivation. 47．According to Maslow, we are motivated by different levels of needs, starting at the lowest and the most basic level known as self-actualization needs. The lowest and the most basic level of needs is not self-actualization needs but physical needs. 48．I often get motivated in two ways. First, rewarding myself helps generate and maintain motivation. I can set small rewards for achieving small goals and larger rewards for achieving larger goals. Second, I always find inspiration in others. Learning from successful individuals constantly motivates me to be the better version of myself. 【导语】本文是说明文。本文介绍了什么是动机，动机的种类，呼吁大家想办法增加自己的动机。 45．考查细节理解。根据第一段“The word “motivation” comes from the Latin term motivus, “a moving cause”. It is described as the force that drives us to pursue a goal, including the desire to continue pursuing meaning, purpose, and a life worth living.(“动机”一词来自拉丁语“motivus”，意为“移动的原因”。它被描述为驱使我们追求目标的力量，包括继续追求意义、目的和有价值的生活的愿望)”可知，动机被描述为驱使我们追求目标的力量。故填：Motivation is described as the force that drives us to pursue a goal. 46．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Motivation can also be intrinsic. Intrinsic motivation comes purely from within, with no expected reward, deadline, or outside pressure. For example, people who are intrinsically motivated to run do so because they love the feeling of running itself. Compared to extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation tends to push people more forcefully, and the achievements are more satisfying, since it is integrated into identity and serves as a continuous source of motivation.(动机也可以是内在的。内在动机纯粹来自内心，没有预期的奖励、最后期限或外部压力。例如，那些有内在动力去跑步的人这样做是因为他们喜欢跑步本身的感觉。与外在动机相比，内在动机往往会更有力地推动人们，取得的成就也更令人满意，因为它与身份融为一体，是一种持续的动力来源)”可知，因为它被整合到身份中，并作为动力的持续来源，所以内在动机更强大。故填：Because it is integrated into identity and serves as a continuous source of motivation. 47．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“To understand motivation, Abraham Maslow introduced the concept of hierarchy of needs (需求层次) in 1943. According to Maslow, humans are intrinsically motivated to meet physical needs, the most fundamental ones such as needs for food. Then they gradually satisfy several levels of needs from safety, to higher-order needs for love, belonging, and self-respect, and finally move to ward expressing their full potential—self-actualization, the desire to become the most that one can be.(为了理解动机，亚伯拉罕·马斯洛在1943年引入了需求层次的概念。根据马斯洛的理论，人类的内在动机是满足生理需求，最基本的需求，比如对食物的需求。然后他们逐渐满足几个层次的需求，从安全到更高层次的爱、归属感和自尊的需求，最后走向表达他们的全部潜力——自我实现，成为一个人所能成为的最大的人的愿望)”可知，According to Maslow, we are motivated by different levels of needs, starting at the lowest and the most basic level known as self-actualization needs.此句描述中self-actualization needs.是错误的，根据文中可知，最低和最基本的需求不是自我实现的需求，而是身体上的需求。故填：The lowest and the most basic level of needs is not self-actualization needs but physical needs. 48．开放性问题。题目问“你认为你可以通过什么方式获得动力”，可以结合自身进行回答，合理即可，例如我们可以通过奖励自己来激励自己，也可以通过向成功人士学习不断激励我成为更好的自己。故填：I often get motivated in two ways. First, rewarding myself helps generate and maintain motivation. I can set small rewards for achieving small goals and larger rewards for achieving larger goals. Second, I always find inspiration in others. Learning from successful individuals constantly motivates me to be the better version of myself. 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$