精品解析：山西省吕梁市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末调研英语试题

吕梁市2023-2024学年第二学期期末调研测试 高二英语试题 2024.7 本试题满分150分，考试时间120分钟。答案一律写在答题卡上。 注意事项： 1. 答题前，考生务必先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡的指定位置上。 2. 答题时使用0.5毫米的黑色中性（签字）笔或碳素笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。 3. 请按照题号在各题的答题区域（黑色线框）内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效。 4. 保持卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5 小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。 1. What will the woman do this afternoon? A. Go shopping. B. Do some exercise. C. Wash her clothes. 2. What did the man do in Finland? A He was a farmer. B. He was an athlete. C. He was a teacher. 3. Where are the two speakers? A. At an airport. B. In a train station. C. At a bus stop. 4. How does the woman probably feel? A. Excited. B. Annoyed. C. Puzzled. 5. What’s the weather like now? A. Cloudy. B. Windy. C. Sunny 第二节 （共15小题，每小题1.5 分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Why did Jim change his job? A. He wanted more time to read. B. He hoped to earn more money. C. He disliked working as a salesperson. 7. Where is Jim working now? A. In a shop. B. In a library. C. In a bank. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What does the man want to learn? A. To repair cars. B. To teach driving. C. To drive a car. 9. Which courses will the man choose? A. Weekend courses. B. Full-time winter courses. C. Full-time summer courses. 10. How many hours of training will the man get every week? A. 5. B. 6. C. 10. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. Where does the conversation take place? A. At home. B. In a restaurant. C. In a department store. 12. Who made the robot? A. A young teacher. B. A German engineer. C. An old cook. 13. What does the woman want to do? A. Throw a birthday party. B. Buy her mother a robot cook. C. Take a cooking course in Beijing. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. Why did the woman go to China? A. For travel. B. For work. C. For study. 15. When was the last time the speakers saw each other? A. In June. B. In July. C. In August. 16. What does the man like most about China? A. Its long history. B. Its warm weather. C. Its beautiful scenery. 17. What will the woman do next? A. Visit a museum. B. Attend a class. C. Take a picture. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. What happened to Maya at age eight? A. She went mad. B. She stopped speaking. C. She lost her sight. 19. Why did Maya begin to write? A. To enter a competition. B. To become a famous poet. C. To influence others positively. 20. Which of the following combines poems and paintings? A. Still I Rise. B. Phenomenal Woman. C. Life Doesn’t Frighten Me. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Hydrogen Shot Fellowship The Energy Earthshots Initiative, launched at the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) this year, is aimed at accelerating breakthroughs of clean energy solutions within the decade and training the diverse STEM workforce needed to make this a reality. Enter this program, an opening for 1-2 current Bachelors’, Masters’, and Doctoral students to come work with us. Applications are accepted on a rolling basis. Science Careers at Argonne This annual program brings inspiration, knowledge, and tips for exploring STEM careers directly to female high school students with the aim of advocating for greater gender diversity in the STEM workforce. At the event, Argonne National Laboratory’s female scientists and engineers instruct students on their career goals, provide networking opportunities, and share Argonne’s work to advance science, including global challenges such as fighting the climate crisis. Navigating Nuclear: Energizing Our World This dynamic program invites students to explore the many applications of nuclear science and its impact on energy, healthcare, food, and the environment through an interactive set of free resources. Explore STEM project starters, digital lesson plans, and exciting virtual field trip s where you can learn about different careers in nuclear science. The Mickey Leland Energy Fellowship Program This is for undergraduate and graduate students in STEM majors seeking to gain experience in energy research. Participants will complete a cutting-edge research project at one of DOE’s national laboratories or at DOE headquarters under the instruction of our scientists and engineers. The best part is that you will contribute to the FECM mission of minimizing the environmental impacts of fossil fuels while working towards net-zero emissions! 1. Which program is designed for girls? A. Hydrogen Shot Fellowship. B. Science Careers at Argonne. C. Navigating Nuclear: Energizing Our World. D. The Mickey Leland Energy Fellowship Program. 2 What can students do in Navigating Nuclear: Energizing Our World? A. Go on virtual field trips. B. Start different careers. C. Research with nuclear scientist. D. Get network opportunities. 3. What do the four programs have in common? A. They are energy-related. B. They are STEM programs. C. They target undergraduates. D. They aim to tackle climate crisis. B A 63-year-old Chinese carpenter’s (木匠) traditional skills have become an unexpected Internet hit as he creates woodwork with a single piece of wood, without glue, screws or nails. Wang Dewen, known as “Grandpa Amu” on YouTube, has been praised as the modern-day Lu Ban, a well-known Chinese structural engineer during the Zhou Dynasty, thanks to his rich carpentry knowledge. Grandpa Amu’s most popular video, which shows him making a delicate wooden arch bridge, has gone viral on YouTube, gaining more than 40 million views. “If you do something, you have to love it, and you have to be interested in it; however, being interested doesn’t mean there’s only happiness and no pain.” Grandpa Amu shared when talking about his excellent carpentry skills. His most popular works include a folding stool, a model of the China pavilion from the 2010 Shanghai Expo, and an apple-shaped interlocking puzzle, known as a Lu Ban lock. Grandpa Amu follows an ancient Chinese mortise and tenon (榫卯) technique, which means no nails or glue are involved in the entire process of building the arch bridge. The master carpenter has also made several wooden toys for his grandson using the same technique. His young grandson’s favorites include a walking Peppa Pig and a bubble blowing machine. With over 1.17 million fans on YouTube, Grandpa Amu’s videos so far have gained more than 200 million views. His wonderful woodworking skills were developed from the age of thirteen as a way of supporting his family in East China’s Shandong Province. “The grandson is so happy, as there have been so many fine and unique toys made by grandpa from an early age,” commented one netizen, while another said, “It’s amazing. I hope these traditional crafts can be passed on!” 4. What do we know about Grandpa Amu from the first paragraph? A. He is made fun of on the Internet. B. He aims at spreading Chinese culture. C. He has made a lot of fortune on the Internet. D. He is well known for his carpentry skills on the Internet. 5. What can we infer from Grandpa Amu’s words in Paragraph 2? A. Outstanding skills lie in hard work. B. Success depends on passion. C. Interest brings not merely happiness. D. Theory is from practice. 6. What is the unique feature of Grandpa Amu’s craft works? A. The apple shape. B. No nails or glue. C. The folding stool. D. The wooden material. 7. What probably made Grandpa Amu work as a carpenter? A. His interest in woodworking. B. His grandson’s requirement. C. His support for his family. D. His wishes to pass on the traditional crafts. C In most Hollywood movies, the Native American Navajo s still fight on horses in the American Southwest. But during World War II, a group of Navajos made their language into a weapon to protect the United States. They were the Navajo Code Talkers, and it is one of the few unbroken codes in military history. Navajo was the perfect choice for a secret language. It is very complex. One vowel (元音) can have up to ten different pronunciations, changing the meaning of any word. In the 1940s, Navajo was unwritten language. No one outside of the reservation (居留地) could speak it or understand it. The Navajo Code team had to invent new words to describe military equipment. For example, they named ships after fish: lotso-whale (battleship), calo-shark (destroyer), beshloiron-fish (submarine). When a Code Talker received a message via radio, he heard a series of unrelated Navajo words. He would then translate the words into English and use the first letter of each English word to spell the message. The Navajo words tsah (needle), wol-la-chee (ant), ah-kh-di-glini (victor), and tsah-ah-dzoh (yucca) spelled NAVY. The Code Talker kept the code a secret. They memorized everything. There were no code books. As a result, no ordinary Navajo soldiers, if captured by the enemy, could understand the code. More than 3,600 Navajos served in World War II, but only 420 were Code Talkers with the US Marines. They coded and decoded battlefield messages better and faster than any machine. They could encode, transmit, and decode a three-line English message in 20 seconds. Machines of the time required 30 minutes to perform the same job. Even after the war the code remained top secret. When they were asked about their role, Code Talkers just said: “I was a radioman.” War movies and histories came out without mentioning them. The code was never used again and only in 1968 did the secret come out. 8. Why could Navajo be used as a military code? A. It had a complex writing system. B. It was designed specifically for World War Ⅱ. C. Only the Navajos could understand it. D. Navajo words varied greatly in pronunciation. 9. What would the Navajo Code team do right after receiving a message? A. Put it into English in a secret way. B. Record it in Navajo letters. C. Put the Navajo words in order. D. Submit it to the officer immediately. 10. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Heroic deeds of Navajo Code Talkers. B. Working contents of Navajo Code Talkers. C. The difficulty of becoming a Navajo Code Talker. D. The professionalism of Navajo Code Talkers. 11. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The Navajo Code Talkers can be found to fight on horses in US movies. B. Around 12% Navajo soldiers were taken prisoners during World War Ⅱ. C. War messages were translated into English through Navajo code books. D. The Navajo language contributed a lot to the US army in World War Ⅱ. D Developed by Urban Villages and designed by Studio Gang, Populus will open in the summer of 2024 as America’s first carbon-positive hotel. Studio Gang took inspiration from the patterns of Colorado’s native Aspen trees, with the building’s windows looking like the trees’ distinctive “Aspen Eyes”. Situated in downtown Denver, the hotel will achieve its carbon-positive status thanks to its sustainable design and a unique off-site project. The hotel has committed to planting enough trees to represent over 5,000 acres of forest. This will offset an embodied (隐含的) carbon footprint equal to nearly 500,000 gallons of gas and remove additional carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Populus has been created to meet the increasing preference by today’s consumers to travel responsibly, experience places in an authentic way, and connect more deeply with nature. Using low-carbon concrete, high-recycle content materials, and minimizing waste are all helping the hotel reach its carbon-positive goal. There is also no planned on-site parking, which will encourage visitors to take public transportation or use existing structures, thus saving the hotel from having to build a parking lot, which requires the use of materials rich in carbon. When thinking about the look of the hotel Studio Gang turned to nature for its design inspiration. And the building’s unique windows, not only recall the pattern of the Aspen tree but also help its energy efficiency. The “covers” over each window provide interior shade, which improves energy use and also channel away rainwater to keep the building looking clean. As a benefit to guests, each room will have incredible views and the windows transform into seats or desks that invite them to enjoy the great outdoors—even when they’re inside. The hotel will also include a rooftop restaurant that overlooks the mountain s and city skyline, with the intention to immerse guests in nature. The rooftop will be open to the public and will be filled with regional vegetation, serving as a lush (草木茂盛) place for the community to socialize. 12. What does the underlined word “offset” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Produce. B. Cancel. C. Include. D. Require. 13. What do we know about Populus? A. It has planted over 5,000 acres of trees. B. It is designed to meet the demands for environmental travel. C. It can’t be accessed through driving for no planned on-site parking. D. It will include a rooftop restaurant open to the public for free. 14. What’s the author’s attitude toward the hotel? A Doubtful. B. Indifferent. C. Positive. D. Disapproving. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Populus: First Carbon-Positive Hotel in America B. Populus: A Hotel in Downtown Denver C. Populus: Contributor to the Change of America D. Populus: A Hotel with “Aspen Eyes” 第二节 （共5 小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 It is a great challenge of descriptive writing: finding that balance between using enough details to bring your description to life, but not so much that your readers are fed up with it. ___16___ Remember, you’re writing a description, not taking a photograph. ___17___ If you were photographing a tree, you would still make choices — lighting, framing, focus — that would capture the essence of the tree, but not its exact image. Trust your readers. Stephen King says in On Writing, “Description begins in the writer’s imagination, but should finish in the readers.” ___18___ If you offer an exactly right description — rather than a complete description — the readers’ completion of your description will be close enough to what you want them to “see” in the picture. ___19___ If you write this: “Wind stirred (吹动) the maple’s boughs, spurring leaves to wavelike a million green hands greeting them to hurry to its shady embrace”, you have created a real description, and you don’t need to write that the tree is big. Let actions take the place of description. This can be effective in describing emotions. Instead of “Sue felt sad as she stared at their wedding photo.”, try “Sue stared at their wedding photo until her stinging eyes could no longer focus. She turned the photo face down on her nightstand.” We now know, through her actions, that Sue is sad. ___20___ That is because we’re experiencing her physical reactions (stinging eyes) and actions (turned the photo face down) along with her. A. Focus on readers’ emotions. B. Readers can fill in the picture. C. Describe facts instead of actions. D. Embrace the use of metaphors and similes. E. It is not necessary to document every detail. F. Besides, we now feel more connected with her in that sadness. G. Fortunately, there are techniques you can use to find that balance. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I have always been a big girl. I am comfortable with my body but there is a price to pay for being ___21___. In primary school, I was enthusiastic about gymnastics but I had to ___22___ my shortcomings by hours after hours of extra practice, going over every routine. It took months to master the ribbon (带子), which I used to get in a terrible ___23___. However, I carried on and ___24___ greatly so that in2015 I was in the National Championships Final. Whenever I went up in a ___25___, I always got the sense that the crowd did not expect much from the overweight child before them. They ___26___ about my weight in low voices. One man even said,“That’s the ugliest leotard (紧身衣) I’ve ever seen and the elephant inside it isn’t much ___27___!” I felt ___28___. Trying to smile away the tears, I decided to let my ribbon do the talking. I had worked particularly hard on my ribbon and it showed. On the first beat I knew it was to be ___29___. I was gliding (滑行) on the music, each move under ___30___ control. Soon the whispers of the crowd turned to cheers. As I went into that last split leap, the crowd ___31___. I turned to face them and found each one on their feet, applauding. It was incredible. I was titled National Champion that year, but the best thing I got from hours of ___32___ practice was the knowledge that my look cannot determine who I am and should never limit what I can do. Society seems to ___33___ that overweight people are unhappy with their weight and have little ___34___, so they never amount to much. What a ridiculous guess! I believe I can achieve anything ___35___ I am bigger than my body. Who wants to be ordinary anyway? 21. A. famous B. beautiful C. responsible D. different 22. A. live up to B. make up for C. break away from D. put up with 23. A. mess B. order C. mass D. length 24. A. developed B. changed C. improved D. slimmed 25. A. class B. competition C. organization D. conference 26. A. knew B. heard C. cared D. commented 27. A. better B. thinner C. heavier D. faster 28. A. excited B. hurt C. moved D. disappointed 29. A. ordinary B. popular C. excellent D. inspiring 30. A. remote B. steady C. automatic D. accurate 31. A. rushed B. gathered C. erupted D. left 32. A. tiring B. general C. nervous D. scientific 33. A. indicate B. believe C. know D. hope 34. A. freedom B. respect C. equality D. confidence 35. A. if B. even if C. because D. though 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The French Bread Festival is a major event in the bakery world every year, ___36___(attract) many master bakers and food lovers. Recently, the Chinese steamed buns, known as “mantou” in Chinese, made an ___37___(appear) at the grand bread festival from May 7 to May 16. A young Chinese man, ___38___ visited the French Bread Festival, was surprised ___39___(find) that Chinese steamed buns were also participating ___40___ the competition! He posted a video on Douyin, bringing attention to this most beloved staple food in Chinese diet. In the video, set against bread from ___41___(vary) countries, Chinese steamed buns ___42___(stand) out, showcasing the unique charm of Chinese traditional cuisine. According to the video, the label called it Mantou ___43___ described it as: “Made with wheat flour, yeast (酵母), and then steamed, the Mantou has a smooth surface and a dense crumb.” In the southern regions of the country, sugar and fat ___44___(add). As ___45___ staple food, it comes in a variety of shapes with the most common ones being round, leaf, flower. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46. 学校英文报正在开展以Artificial Intelligence为题的讨论。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1. 人工智能的迅猛发展和影响； 2. 中学生应该如何对待人工智能。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右（题目已给出，不计入总词数）； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Artificial Intelligence ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25 分） 47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Willie’s aunt sent him a little writing book as a birthday present. There was a place in the book for a pencil. Willie thought a great deal of this little book, and always kept it in his pocket. One day, his mother was very busy. He called his dog and said, ”Come, Caper, let’s have a play." When Willie’s mother missed him, she went to the door and looked out, but could not see him anywhere. Knowing that Caper was with him, she thought they would come back before long. She waited an hour, but they still did not come. When she came to the gate by the road, she met Mr. Lee, Willie’s father, and told him how long their son had been gone. Mr. Lee thought he must have gone to sleep under the trees. So they went to all the trees under which Willie was in the habit of playing, but he was nowhere to be found. As a matter of fact, Willie and Caper went to the pasture field. It was peaceful and quiet. Deep green grass looked like a beautiful woven blanket spreading out upon the ground. Attracted by the beauty, they ran around. All too soon, Willie came to an edge of a shaft (坑) he knew it. He sat down and bent over to see how deep it was. Suddenly, he lost his balance and fell in. He tried very hard to get out, but could not. When the good little dog saw that his master was in the shaft, he would not leave him but ran round and round, reaching down and trying to pull him out. While Caper was biting Willie by the coat sleeves, a piece of soil gave way under his feet. He fell in too. Willie called for his father and mother as loud as he could. However, he was so far away from the house that no one could hear him. He cried and called till it was dark, and then he lay down on the ground, Caper close behind him. It was not long before Willie cried himself to sleep. 注意: 1. 续写词数应为 150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 When he woke up, it was morning, and he began to think of a way to get out. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Caper came home with a bit of paper tied to the string around his neck. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 吕梁市2023-2024学年第二学期期末调研测试 高二英语试题 2024.7 本试题满分150分，考试时间120分钟。答案一律写在答题卡上。 注意事项： 1. 答题前，考生务必先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡的指定位置上。 2. 答题时使用0.5毫米的黑色中性（签字）笔或碳素笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。 3. 请按照题号在各题的答题区域（黑色线框）内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效。 4. 保持卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5 小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。 1. What will the woman do this afternoon? A. Go shopping. B. Do some exercise. C. Wash her clothes. 2. What did the man do in Finland? A. He was a farmer. B. He was an athlete. C. He was a teacher. 3. Where are the two speakers? A. At an airport. B. In a train station. C. At a bus stop. 4. How does the woman probably feel? A. Excited. B. Annoyed. C. Puzzled. 5 What’s the weather like now? A. Cloudy. B. Windy. C. Sunny 第二节 （共15小题，每小题1.5 分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Why did Jim change his job? A. He wanted more time to read. B. He hoped to earn more money. C. He disliked working as a salesperson. 7. Where is Jim working now? A. In a shop. B. In a library. C. In a bank. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What does the man want to learn? A. To repair cars. B. To teach driving. C. To drive a car. 9. Which courses will the man choose? A. Weekend courses. B. Full-time winter courses. C. Full-time summer courses. 10. How many hours of training will the man get every week? A. 5. B. 6. C. 10. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. Where does the conversation take place? A. At home. B. In a restaurant. C. In a department store. 12. Who made the robot? A. A young teacher. B. A German engineer. C. An old cook. 13. What does the woman want to do? A. Throw a birthday party. B. Buy her mother a robot cook. C. Take a cooking course in Beijing. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. Why did the woman go to China? A. For travel. B. For work. C. For study. 15. When was the last time the speakers saw each other? A. In June. B. In July. C. In August. 16. What does the man like most about China? A. Its long history. B. Its warm weather. C. Its beautiful scenery. 17. What will the woman do next? A. Visit a museum. B. Attend a class. C. Take a picture. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. What happened to Maya at age eight? A. She went mad. B. She stopped speaking. C. She lost her sight. 19. Why did Maya begin to write? A. To enter a competition. B. To become a famous poet. C. To influence others positively. 20. Which of the following combines poems and paintings? A. Still I Rise. B. Phenomenal Woman. C. Life Doesn’t Frighten Me. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Hydrogen Shot Fellowship The Energy Earthshots Initiative, launched at the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) this year, is aimed at accelerating breakthroughs of clean energy solutions within the decade and training the diverse STEM workforce needed to make this a reality. Enter this program, an opening for 1-2 current Bachelors’, Masters’, and Doctoral students to come work with us. Applications are accepted on a rolling basis. Science Careers at Argonne This annual program brings inspiration, knowledge, and tips for exploring STEM careers directly to female high school students with the aim of advocating for greater gender diversity in the STEM workforce. At the event, Argonne National Laboratory’s female scientists and engineers instruct students on their career goals, provide networking opportunities, and share Argonne’s work to advance science, including global challenges such as fighting the climate crisis. Navigating Nuclear: Energizing Our World This dynamic program invites students to explore the many applications of nuclear science and its impact on energy, healthcare, food, and the environment through an interactive set of free resources. Explore STEM project starters, digital lesson plans, and exciting virtual field trip s where you can learn about different careers in nuclear science. The Mickey Leland Energy Fellowship Program This is for undergraduate and graduate students in STEM majors seeking to gain experience in energy research. Participants will complete a cutting-edge research project at one of DOE’s national laboratories or at DOE headquarters under the instruction of our scientists and engineers. The best part is that you will contribute to the FECM mission of minimizing the environmental impacts of fossil fuels while working towards net-zero emissions! 1. Which program is designed for girls? A. Hydrogen Shot Fellowship. B. Science Careers at Argonne. C. Navigating Nuclear: Energizing Our World. D. The Mickey Leland Energy Fellowship Program. 2. What can students do in Navigating Nuclear: Energizing Our World? A. Go on virtual field trips. B. Start different careers. C. Research with nuclear scientist. D. Get network opportunities. 3. What do the four programs have in common? A. They are energy-related. B. They are STEM programs. C. They target undergraduates. D. They aim to tackle climate crisis. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 【解析】 【导语】本文属于应用文。文章介绍了四个不同的项目或计划，每个部分都提供了简要的描述、目标群体、活动内容或目的等信息，旨在通知或宣传这些聚焦于STEM教育、清洁能源、核科学及能源研究领域的项目机会。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。由Science Careers at Argonne部分中的“This annual program brings inspiration, knowledge, and tips for exploring STEM careers directly to female high school students with the aim of advocating for greater gender diversity in the STEM workforce. (这个年度项目直接为女高中生提供探索STEM职业的灵感、知识和技巧，旨在倡导STEM劳动力中更大的性别多样性。)”可知，这个项目是专为女生设计的。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。由Navigating Nuclear: Energizing Our World部分中的“Explore STEM project starters, digital lesson plans, and exciting virtual field trip s where you can learn about different careers in nuclear science. (探索STEM项目启动者，数字课程计划和令人兴奋的虚拟实地考察，您可以了解核科学的不同职业。)”可知，学生可以在Navigating Nuclear: Energizing Our World项目中参与虚拟实地考察。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。由Hydrogen Shot Fellowship部分中的“The Energy Earthshots Initiative, launched at the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) this year, is aimed at accelerating breakthroughs of clean energy solutions within the decade and training the diverse STEM workforce needed to make this a reality. (美国能源部（DOE）今年启动了能源地球计划，旨在在十年内加速清洁能源解决方案的突破，并培训实现这一目标所需的多样化STEM劳动力。)”、Science Careers at Argonne部分中的“This annual program brings inspiration, knowledge, and tips for exploring STEM careers directly to female high school students with the aim of advocating for greater gender diversity in the STEM workforce. (这个年度项目直接为女高中生提供探索STEM职业的灵感、知识和技巧，旨在倡导STEM劳动力中更大的性别多样性。)”、Navigating Nuclear: Energizing Our World部分中的“Explore STEM project starters, digital lesson plans, and exciting virtual field trip s where you can learn about different careers in nuclear science. (探索STEM项目启动者，数字课程计划和令人兴奋的虚拟实地考察，您可以了解核科学的不同职业。)”、The Mickey Leland Energy Fellowship Program部分中的“This is for undergraduate and graduate students in STEM majors seeking to gain experience in energy research. (本课程面向希望获得能源研究经验的STEM专业本科生和研究生。)”可知，它们都是STEM项目。故选B。 B A 63-year-old Chinese carpenter’s (木匠) traditional skills have become an unexpected Internet hit as he creates woodwork with a single piece of wood, without glue, screws or nails. Wang Dewen, known as “Grandpa Amu” on YouTube, has been praised as the modern-day Lu Ban, a well-known Chinese structural engineer during the Zhou Dynasty, thanks to his rich carpentry knowledge. Grandpa Amu’s most popular video, which shows him making a delicate wooden arch bridge, has gone viral on YouTube, gaining more than 40 million views. “If you do something, you have to love it, and you have to be interested in it; however, being interested doesn’t mean there’s only happiness and no pain.” Grandpa Amu shared when talking about his excellent carpentry skills. His most popular works include a folding stool, a model of the China pavilion from the 2010 Shanghai Expo, and an apple-shaped interlocking puzzle, known as a Lu Ban lock. Grandpa Amu follows an ancient Chinese mortise and tenon (榫卯) technique, which means no nails or glue are involved in the entire process of building the arch bridge. The master carpenter has also made several wooden toys for his grandson using the same technique. His young grandson’s favorites include a walking Peppa Pig and a bubble blowing machine. With over 1.17 million fans on YouTube, Grandpa Amu’s videos so far have gained more than 200 million views. His wonderful woodworking skills were developed from the age of thirteen as a way of supporting his family in East China’s Shandong Province. “The grandson is so happy, as there have been so many fine and unique toys made by grandpa from an early age,” commented one netizen, while another said, “It’s amazing. I hope these traditional crafts can be passed on!” 4. What do we know about Grandpa Amu from the first paragraph? A. He is made fun of on the Internet. B. He aims at spreading Chinese culture. C. He has made a lot of fortune on the Internet. D. He is well known for his carpentry skills on the Internet. 5. What can we infer from Grandpa Amu’s words in Paragraph 2? A. Outstanding skills lie in hard work. B. Success depends on passion. C. Interest brings not merely happiness. D. Theory is from practice. 6. What is the unique feature of Grandpa Amu’s craft works? A. The apple shape. B. No nails or glue. C. The folding stool. D. The wooden material. 7. What probably made Grandpa Amu work as a carpenter? A. His interest in woodworking. B. His grandson’s requirement. C. His support for his family. D. His wishes to pass on the traditional crafts. 【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文属于一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了网络上走红的63岁中国木匠“阿木爷爷”王德文，通过他的传统木工技艺展示，如不用钉子、螺丝或胶水制作精巧的木制品，尤其是在YouTube上的高人气视频，以及他对自己木工技能的热爱和背后的故事，体现了对传统工艺传承的关注。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。由第一段中的“Wang Dewen, known as “Grandpa Amu” on YouTube, has been praised as the modern-day Lu Ban, a well-known Chinese structural engineer during the Zhou Dynasty, thanks to his rich carpentry knowledge. (在YouTube上被称为“阿木爷爷”的王德文，因其丰富的木工知识，被誉为“当代鲁班”，周代著名的中国结构工程师)”可知，王德文（被称为“阿木爷爷”）因他丰富的木工知识在网上因其木工技艺而闻名。故选D。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。由第二段中的“If you do something, you have to love it, and you have to be interested in it; however, being interested doesn’t mean there’s only happiness and no pain. (如果你做某事，你必须热爱它，你必须对它感兴趣；然而，有兴趣并不意味着只有快乐没有痛苦。)”可知，阿木爷爷认为做一件事要热爱并对其感兴趣，但兴趣不仅仅意味着快乐，没有痛苦。由此可推理出，阿木爷爷认为卓越的技能背后需要辛勤的努力。故选A。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。由第三段中的“Grandpa Amu follows an ancient Chinese mortise and tenon (榫卯) technique, which means no nails or glue are involved in the entire process of building the arch bridge. (阿木爷爷采用了中国古代的榫卯技术，这意味着在整个建造拱桥的过程中没有钉子或胶水。)”可知，阿木爷爷的手工艺品独特之处在于采用中国古代的榫卯技术，整个制作过程中无需钉子或胶水。故选B。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。由最后一段中的“His wonderful woodworking skills were developed from the age of thirteen as a way of supporting his family in East China’s Shandong Province. (在中国东部的山东省，为了养家糊口，他从13岁开始就掌握了精湛的木工技术。)”可知，阿木爷爷从事木匠工作可能是为了养家糊口，供养家庭。故选C。 C In most Hollywood movies, the Native American Navajo s still fight on horses in the American Southwest. But during World War II, a group of Navajos made their language into a weapon to protect the United States. They were the Navajo Code Talkers, and it is one of the few unbroken codes in military history. Navajo was the perfect choice for a secret language. It is very complex. One vowel (元音) can have up to ten different pronunciations, changing the meaning of any word. In the 1940s, Navajo was unwritten language. No one outside of the reservation (居留地) could speak it or understand it. The Navajo Code team had to invent new words to describe military equipment. For example, they named ships after fish: lotso-whale (battleship), calo-shark (destroyer), beshloiron-fish (submarine). When a Code Talker received a message via radio, he heard a series of unrelated Navajo words. He would then translate the words into English and use the first letter of each English word to spell the message. The Navajo words tsah (needle), wol-la-chee (ant), ah-kh-di-glini (victor), and tsah-ah-dzoh (yucca) spelled NAVY. The Code Talker kept the code a secret. They memorized everything. There were no code books. As a result, no ordinary Navajo soldiers, if captured by the enemy, could understand the code. More than 3,600 Navajos served in World War II, but only 420 were Code Talkers with the US Marines. They coded and decoded battlefield messages better and faster than any machine. They could encode, transmit, and decode a three-line English message in 20 seconds. Machines of the time required 30 minutes to perform the same job. Even after the war the code remained top secret. When they were asked about their role, Code Talkers just said: “I was a radioman.” War movies and histories came out without mentioning them. The code was never used again and only in 1968 did the secret come out. 8 Why could Navajo be used as a military code? A. It had a complex writing system. B. It was designed specifically for World War Ⅱ. C. Only the Navajos could understand it. D. Navajo words varied greatly in pronunciation. 9. What would the Navajo Code team do right after receiving a message? A. Put it into English in a secret way. B. Record it in Navajo letters. C. Put the Navajo words in order. D. Submit it to the officer immediately. 10. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Heroic deeds of Navajo Code Talkers. B. Working contents of Navajo Code Talkers. C. The difficulty of becoming a Navajo Code Talker. D. The professionalism of Navajo Code Talkers. 11. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The Navajo Code Talkers can be found to fight on horses in US movies. B. Around 12% Navajo soldiers were taken prisoners during World War Ⅱ. C. War messages were translated into English through Navajo code books. D. The Navajo language contributed a lot to the US army in World War Ⅱ. 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章介绍了二战期间纳瓦霍族人如何利用他们的语言作为军事密码，保护美国通讯安全的历史事件。通过叙述纳瓦霍密码的创建背景、工作原理、保密措施及其成效，展现了特定历史背景下的人类智慧与贡献。 8题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第二段“Navajo was the perfect choice for a secret language. It is very complex. One vowel (元音) can have up to ten different pronunciations, changing the meaning of any word. In the 1940s, Navajo was unwritten language. No one outside of the reservation (居留地) could speak it or understand it. (纳瓦霍语是秘密语言的完美选择。它非常复杂。一个元音可以有多达十种不同的发音，改变任何单词的意思。在20世纪40年代，纳瓦霍语是一种不成文的语言。保留地以外的人都不会说，也听不懂。)”可知，纳瓦霍语之所以能用作军事密码，因为只有纳瓦霍族人明白它。故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“When a Code Talker received a message via radio, he heard a series of unrelated Navajo words. He would then translate the words into English and use the first letter of each English word to spell the message. (当密电员通过无线电收到一条信息时，他会听到一系列不相关的纳瓦霍语。然后他将这些单词翻译成英语，并用每个英语单词的第一个字母拼写信息。)”可知，纳瓦霍密码员接收到消息后，首先会以一种秘密的方式将其转化为英语。故选A。 【10题详解】 主旨大意题。由文章第四段“The Code Talker kept the code a secret. They memorized everything. There were no code books. As a result, no ordinary Navajo soldiers, if captured by the enemy, could understand the code. More than 3,600 Navajos served in World War II, but only 420 were Code Talkers with the US Marines. They coded and decoded battlefield messages better and faster than any machine. They could encode, transmit, and decode a three-line English message in 20 seconds. Machines of the time required 30 minutes to perform the same job. (密电员对密码保密。他们记住了所有的东西。没有密码书。因此，如果被敌人俘虏，普通的纳瓦霍士兵都无法理解这种密码。二战期间有3600多名纳瓦霍人服役，但只有420人是美国海军陆战队的密电员。它们比任何机器都能更好更快地编码和解码战场信息。他们可以在20秒内编码、传输和解码一条三行英文信息。机器的时间需要30分钟才能完成同样的工作。)”可知，第四段主要描述了纳瓦霍密码员的工作效率和专业性，他们编码、传输和解码战场信息的速度比任何机器都要快，展示了他们在战争中的重要作用和专业精神。故选D。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段中的“They coded and decoded battlefield messages better and faster than any machine. They could encode, transmit, and decode a three-line English message in 20 seconds. Machines of the time required 30 minutes to perform the same job. (他们比任何机器都能更好更快地编码和解码战场信息。他们可以在20秒内编码、传输和解码一条三行英文信息。机器的时间需要30分钟才能完成同样的工作。)”和最后一段“Even after the war the code remained top secret. When they were asked about their role, Code Talkers just said: “I was a radioman.” War movies and histories came out without mentioning them. The code was never used again and only in 1968 did the secret come out. (即使在战争结束后，密码仍然是最高机密。当他们被问及自己的角色时，密码员只是说：“我是一名无线电员。”战争电影和历史电影没有提到他们。这个密码再也没有被使用过，直到1968年这个秘密才被公开。)”可以推断，纳瓦霍语在二战期间对美军贡献巨大，成为一种有效的通讯加密手段。故选D。 D Developed by Urban Villages and designed by Studio Gang, Populus will open in the summer of 2024 as America’s first carbon-positive hotel. Studio Gang took inspiration from the patterns of Colorado’s native Aspen trees, with the building’s windows looking like the trees’ distinctive “Aspen Eyes”. Situated in downtown Denver, the hotel will achieve its carbon-positive status thanks to its sustainable design and a unique off-site project. The hotel has committed to planting enough trees to represent over 5,000 acres of forest. This will offset an embodied (隐含的) carbon footprint equal to nearly 500,000 gallons of gas and remove additional carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Populus has been created to meet the increasing preference by today’s consumers to travel responsibly, experience places in an authentic way, and connect more deeply with nature. Using low-carbon concrete, high-recycle content materials, and minimizing waste are all helping the hotel reach its carbon-positive goal. There is also no planned on-site parking, which will encourage visitors to take public transportation or use existing structures, thus saving the hotel from having to build a parking lot, which requires the use of materials rich in carbon. When thinking about the look of the hotel, Studio Gang turned to nature for its design inspiration. And the building’s unique windows, not only recall the pattern of the Aspen tree but also help its energy efficiency. The “covers” over each window provide interior shade, which improves energy use and also channel away rainwater to keep the building looking clean. As a benefit to guests, each room will have incredible views and the windows transform into seats or desks that invite them to enjoy the great outdoors—even when they’re inside. The hotel will also include a rooftop restaurant that overlooks the mountain s and city skyline, with the intention to immerse guests in nature. The rooftop will be open to the public and will be filled with regional vegetation, serving as a lush (草木茂盛的) place for the community to socialize. 12. What does the underlined word “offset” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Produce. B. Cancel. C. Include. D. Require. 13. What do we know about Populus? A. It has planted over 5,000 acres of trees. B. It is designed to meet the demands for environmental travel. C. It can’t be accessed through driving for no planned on-site parking. D. It will include a rooftop restaurant open to the public for free. 14. What’s the author’s attitude toward the hotel? A. Doubtful. B. Indifferent. C. Positive. D. Disapproving. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Populus: First Carbon-Positive Hotel in America B. Populus: A Hotel in Downtown Denver C. Populus: Contributor to the Change of America D. Populus: A Hotel with “Aspen Eyes” 【答案】12. B 13. B 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章以客观、描述性的语言详细介绍了即将于2024年夏季开业的美国首座碳正向酒店Populus，包括其设计理念、环保措施、对顾客体验的考虑，以及对公众的开放性特点，整体风格偏向于信息传递和介绍说明，符合说明文的文体特征。 【12题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“The hotel has committed to planting enough trees to represent over 5,000 acres of forest. (酒店已经承诺种植足够的树木来代表超过5000英亩的森林。)”和“an embodied (隐含的) carbon footprint equal to nearly 500,000 gallons of gas and remove additional carbon dioxide from the atmosphere (相当于近50万加仑汽油的隐含碳足迹，并从大气中去除额外的二氧化碳。)”可知，酒店承诺种植足够的树木来代表超过5000英亩的森林，这将抵消相当于近50万加仑汽油的碳足迹，并从大气中去除额外的二氧化碳。因此，offset在这里的意思是“抵消，弥补”。A. Produce生产；B. Cancel抵消，对消；C. Include包括；D. Require要求。故选B。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第三段中的“Populus has been created to meet the increasing preference by today’s consumers to travel responsibly, experience places in an authentic way, and connect more deeply with nature. (Populus的诞生是为了满足当今消费者日益增长的偏好，即负责任地旅行，以真实的方式体验地方，并与自然更深入地联系。)”可知，Populus酒店是为了满足现代消费者越来越倾向于负责任地旅行、真实体验地点并与自然更深层次联系的需求而创建的，它的设计是为了满足环保旅行的需求。故选B。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Situated in downtown Denver, the hotel will achieve its carbon-positive status thanks to its sustainable design and a unique off-site project. The hotel has committed to planting enough trees to represent over 5,000 acres of forest. This will offset an embodied (隐含的) carbon footprint equal to nearly 500,000 gallons of gas and remove additional carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. (该酒店位于丹佛市中心，由于其可持续设计和独特的场外项目，该酒店将实现其碳正状态。酒店已经承诺种植足够的树木来代表超过5000英亩的森林。这将抵消相当于近50万加仑汽油的隐含碳足迹，并从大气中去除额外的二氧化碳。)”和第三段“Populus has been created to meet the increasing preference by today’s consumers to travel responsibly, experience places in an authentic way, and connect more deeply with nature. Using low-carbon concrete, high-recycle content materials, and minimizing waste are all helping the hotel reach its carbon-positive goal. There is also no planned on-site parking, which will encourage visitors to take public transportation or use existing structures, thus saving the hotel from having to build a parking lot, which requires the use of materials rich in carbon. (Populus的诞生是为了满足当今消费者日益增长的偏好，即负责任地旅行，以真实的方式体验地方，并与自然更深入地联系。使用低碳混凝土，高回收含量的材料，并最大限度地减少浪费，都有助于酒店实现其碳正目标。也没有规划的现场停车场，这将鼓励游客乘坐公共交通工具或使用现有的结构，从而节省了酒店不得不建造停车场，这需要使用富含碳的材料。)”、倒数第二段“As a benefit to guests, each room will have incredible views and the windows transform into seats or desks that invite them to enjoy the great outdoors—even when they’re inside. (为了让客人受益，每个房间都有令人难以置信的景色，窗户变成了座位或桌子，邀请他们享受户外的美景——即使他们在室内。)”可知，作者在介绍Populus酒店时，提到了其创新的环保设计理念、碳正向目标的实现方式以及对客人体验的积极影响，如独特的窗户设计、屋顶餐厅等，没有出现任何负面评价或怀疑态度，因此作者对于这家酒店的态度是积极的。故选C。 15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Developed by Urban Villages and designed by Studio Gang, Populus will open in the summer of 2024 as America’s first carbon-positive hotel. Studio Gang took inspiration from the patterns of Colorado’s native Aspen trees, with the building’s windows looking like the trees’ distinctive “Aspen Eyes”. (由Urban Villages开发、Gang工作室设计的Populus酒店将于2024年夏天开业，是美国第一家碳正酒店。Gang工作室从科罗拉多州本土白杨树的图案中获得灵感，建筑的窗户看起来像树木独特的“白杨树之眼”。)”可知，文章主要介绍了Populus酒店作为美国首座碳正向酒店的特色，包括其设计理念、环保措施及其对客人的益处，尤其是其与大自然紧密联系的设计灵感来源。A选项“Populus: First Carbon-Positive Hotel in America (Populus：美国第一家碳正酒店)”最能概括文章主旨。故选A。 第二节 （共5 小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 It is a great challenge of descriptive writing: finding that balance between using enough details to bring your description to life, but not so much that your readers are fed up with it. ___16___ Remember, you’re writing a description, not taking a photograph. ___17___ If you were photographing a tree, you would still make choices — lighting, framing, focus — that would capture the essence of the tree, but not its exact image. Trust your readers. Stephen King says in On Writing, “Description begins in the writer’s imagination, but should finish in the readers.” ___18___ If you offer an exactly right description — rather than a complete description — the readers’ completion of your description will be close enough to what you want them to “see” in the picture. ___19___ If you write this: “Wind stirred (吹动) the maple’s boughs, spurring leaves to wavelike a million green hands greeting them to hurry to its shady embrace”, you have created a real description, and you don’t need to write that the tree is big. Let actions take the place of description. This can be effective in describing emotions. Instead of “Sue felt sad as she stared at their wedding photo.”, try “Sue stared at their wedding photo until her stinging eyes could no longer focus. She turned the photo face down on her nightstand.” We now know, through her actions, that Sue is sad. ___20___ That is because we’re experiencing her physical reactions (stinging eyes) and actions (turned the photo face down) along with her. A. Focus on readers’ emotions. B. Readers can fill in the picture. C. Describe facts instead of actions. D. Embrace the use of metaphors and similes. E. It is not necessary to document every detail. F. Besides, we now feel more connected with her in that sadness. G. Fortunately, there are techniques you can use to find that balance. 【答案】16. G 17. E 18. B 19. D 20. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章就怎样写好描述而给了一些建议。 【16题详解】 由上文“It is a great challenge of descriptive writing: finding that balance between using enough details to bring your description to life, but not so much that your readers are fed up with it.(这是描述性写作的一个巨大挑战：在使用足够的细节将你的描述生动起来，但又不至于让你的读者受够之间找到平衡)”可知，这里主要讲写作的一个巨大挑战，而G项Fortunately, there are techniques you can use to find that balance.(幸运的是，有一些技巧可以用来找到平衡)符合语境，其中that balance与上文对应，there are techniques有启下作用。故选G项。 【17题详解】 由上文“Remember, you’re writing a description, not taking a photograph.(记住，你写的是描述，而不是拍照)”和下文“If you were photographing a tree, you would still make choices — lighting, framing, focus — that would capture the essence of the tree, but not its exact image.(如果你在拍摄一棵树，你仍然会做出选择——照明、取景、聚焦——这些都能捕捉到树的本质，但不能捕捉到它的确切图像)”可知，此空处应讲写作不应该把一个东西的所有面都描述出来。而E项It is not necessary to document every detail.(没有必要记录每一个细节)符合语境，有承上作用。故选E项。 【18题详解】 由下文“If you offer an exactly right description — rather than a complete description — the readers’ completion of your description will be close enough to what you want them to‘see’ in the picture.(如果你提供了一个完全正确的描述——而不是一个完整的描述——读者对你的描述的完成程度将足够接近你希望他们在图片中‘看到’的内容)”可知，这里讲读者可以帮你让你的描述更加完整。而B项Readers can fill in the picture.(读者可以填写图片)符合语境，其中in the picture与后文对应，有启下作用。故选B项。 【19题详解】 由下文“If you write this: ‘Wind stirred (吹动) the maple’s boughs, spurring leaves to wavelike a million green hands greeting them to hurry to its shady embrace’, you have created a real description, and you don’t need to write that the tree is big.(如果你写下这句话：‘风吹动了枫树的树枝，激起了树叶的波动，就像一百万只绿色的手在迎接他们，让他们赶紧走向它阴凉的怀抱’，你就创造了一个真实的描述，你不需要写这棵树很大)”可知，这里讲需要应用比喻来描述，而D项Embrace the use of metaphors and similes.(接受隐喻和明喻的使用)符合语境，对下文有总括作用。故选D项。 【20题详解】 由上文“Let actions take the place of description. This can be effective in describing emotions. Instead of‘Sue felt sad as she stared at their wedding photo.’, try ‘Sue stared at their wedding photo until her stinging eyes could no longer focus. She turned the photo face down on her nightstand.’ We now know, through her actions, that Sue is sad. (让行动代替描述。这可以有效地描述情绪。‘苏看着他们的结婚照感到很难过。’相反，‘苏凝视着他们的结婚照，直到她那双刺痛的眼睛无法再集中注意力。她把床头柜上的照片面朝下翻了。’通过她的行为，我们现在知道苏很伤心)”可知，这里主要讲让行动代替描述，而F项Besides, we now feel more connected with her in that sadness.(此外，在这种悲伤中，我们现在感觉与她有了更多的联系)符合语境，其中Besides有承上作用，her代指上文Sue。故选F项。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I have always been a big girl. I am comfortable with my body but there is a price to pay for being ___21___. In primary school, I was enthusiastic about gymnastics but I had to ___22___ my shortcomings by hours after hours of extra practice, going over every routine. It took months to master the ribbon (带子), which I used to get in a terrible ___23___. However, I carried on and ___24___ greatly so that in2015 I was in the National Championships Final. Whenever I went up in a ___25___, I always got the sense that the crowd did not expect much from the overweight child before them. They ___26___ about my weight in low voices. One man even said,“That’s the ugliest leotard (紧身衣) I’ve ever seen and the elephant inside it isn’t much ___27___!” I felt ___28___. Trying to smile away the tears, I decided to let my ribbon do the talking. I had worked particularly hard on my ribbon and it showed. On the first beat I knew it was to be ___29___. I was gliding (滑行) on the music, each move under ___30___ control. Soon the whispers of the crowd turned to cheers. As I went into that last split leap, the crowd ___31___. I turned to face them and found each one on their feet, applauding. It was incredible. I was titled National Champion that year, but the best thing I got from hours of ___32___ practice was the knowledge that my look cannot determine who I am and should never limit what I can do. Society seems to ___33___ that overweight people are unhappy with their weight and have little ___34___, so they never amount to much. What a ridiculous guess! I believe I can achieve anything ___35___ I am bigger than my body. Who wants to be ordinary anyway? 21. A. famous B. beautiful C. responsible D. different 22. A. live up to B. make up for C. break away from D. put up with 23. A. mess B. order C. mass D. length 24. A. developed B. changed C. improved D. slimmed 25. A. class B. competition C. organization D. conference 26. A. knew B. heard C. cared D. commented 27. A. better B. thinner C. heavier D. faster 28. A. excited B. hurt C. moved D. disappointed 29. A. ordinary B. popular C. excellent D. inspiring 30. A. remote B. steady C. automatic D. accurate 31. A. rushed B. gathered C. erupted D. left 32. A. tiring B. general C. nervous D. scientific 33. A. indicate B. believe C. know D. hope 34. A. freedom B. respect C. equality D. confidence 35. A. if B. even if C. because D. though 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身经历告诉我们一个人的外表不能决定一个人和限制一个人，只要内心足够强大，可以实现想要的任何事情。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对自己的身体很满意，但与众不同是要付出代价的。A. famous著名的；B. beautiful美丽的；C. responsible负责任的；D. different不同的。根据上文“I have always been a big girl.”可知，作者是个块头大的女孩，与其他人不同。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在小学的时候，我对体操很感兴趣，但我不得不通过几个小时的额外练习来弥补我的缺点，复习每一个动作。A. live up to不辜负；B. make up for弥补；C. break away from逃离；D. put up with忍受。根据下文“my shortcomings by hours after hours of extra practice, going over every routine”可知，作者勤加练习弥补自己的不足。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我花了几个月的时间才掌握了这条丝带，我过去常常把它弄得一团糟。A. mess混乱；B. order顺序，秩序；C. mass大量；D. length长度。根据上文“It took months to master the ribbon (带子)”可知，作者花了几个月的时间才学会控制这条带子，因此作者之前总是把带子弄得一团糟，故选A。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我坚持了下来，取得了很大的进步，在2015年我进入了全国锦标赛决赛。A. developed发展；B. changed改变；C. improved改进，改善；D. slimmed变苗条。根据下文“so that in 2015 I was in the National Championships Final”可知，作者进步（improve）很大。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当我参加比赛时，我总能感觉到人们对他们面前的这个超重孩子期望不高。A. class班级；B. competition比赛；C. organization组织；D. conference会议。根据上文“so that in2015 I was in the National Championships Final”以及后文“the crowd did not expect much”提到观众的期望可知，此处指作者参加比赛时，观众对作者期望不高，故选B。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们低声评论我的体重。A. knew知道；B. heard听见；C. cared关心；D. commented评论。根据下文的“That’s the ugliest leotard (紧身衣) I’ve ever seen and the elephant inside it isn’t much ___7___!”可知，他们是在评论作者的体重。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有人甚至说:“这是我见过的最丑的紧身衣，里面的大象也好不到哪里去。”A. better更好的；B. thinner更瘦的；C. heavier更重的；D. faster更快的。根据上文“the crowd did not expect much from the overweight child before them(观众对他们面前这个超重的孩子没有抱太大期望)”以及空前“That’s the ugliest leotard (紧身衣) I’ve ever seen and the elephant inside it…”可知，观众不看好作者，故此处指作者也好不到（not much better）哪里去。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感觉很受伤。A. excited兴奋的；B. hurt受伤的；C. moved感动的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文听到别人评论他的那些话可知，这让作者很受伤。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第一个节拍时我就知道它会很棒。A. ordinary普通的；B. popular流行的；C. excellent极好的，杰出的；D. inspiring鼓舞人心的。根据上文“I decided to let my ribbon do the talking. I had worked particularly hard on my ribbon and it showed.(我决定让我的丝带来说话。我在丝带上花了特别多的功夫，这是显而易见的)”可知，作者决定用自己的带子作为回应。此前她进行了格外努力地训练。因此在比赛时，第一个节拍作者就知道它会很棒，故选C。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我随着音乐滑翔，每一个动作都在精确的控制之下。A. remote遥远的；B. steady稳定的；C. automatic自动的；D. accurate准确的。根据上下文“I was gliding (滑行) on the music, each move under _______ control.”可知作者感觉良好，因此每一个动作都很到位，都在精确的控制之下。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我做最后一个劈叉跳时，人群爆发了。A. rushed冲；B. gathered聚集；C. erupted爆发，突然发出（叫喊）；D. left离开。根据下文“I turned to face them and found each one on their feet, applauding.(我转身面对他们，发现每个人都站起来鼓掌)”观众的热烈鼓掌可知，作者的表演在人群中引起了轰动。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那一年我获得了全国冠军的头衔，但我从几个小时的疲劳训练中得到的最好的东西是，我知道我的外表不能决定我是谁，也不应该限制我的能力。A. tiring累人的，使人疲劳的；B. general一般的；C. nervous紧张的；D. scientific科学的。根据第二段中的“my shortcomings by hours after hours of extra practice, going over every routine”可知，训练是累人的。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：社会似乎认为，超重的人对自己的体重不满意，缺乏自信，所以他们永远不会有多大成就。A. indicate表明，指示；B. believe相信，认为；C. know知道；D. hope希望。根据下文“overweight people are unhappy with their weight”以及“What a ridiculous guess!(多么荒谬的猜测！)”可知，社会上的人似乎认为（believe）超重的人会因为他们的体重而不开心。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. freedom自由；B. respect尊重；C. equality平等；D. confidence自信。根据上文“overweight people are unhappy with their weight”以及下文“so they never amount to much”可知，社会上（的人）似乎认为超重的人会因为他们的体重而不开心并且没有信心。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我相信我可以实现任何事情，因为我比我的身体更强大。A. if如果；B. even if即使；C. because因为；D. though尽管。结合句意可知，此处引导原因状语从句，用because表示“因为”。故选C。 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The French Bread Festival is a major event in the bakery world every year, ___36___(attract) many master bakers and food lovers. Recently, the Chinese steamed buns, known as “mantou” in Chinese, made an ___37___(appear) at the grand bread festival from May 7 to May 16. A young Chinese man, ___38___ visited the French Bread Festival, was surprised ___39___(find) that Chinese steamed buns were also participating ___40___ the competition! He posted a video on Douyin, bringing attention to this most beloved staple food in Chinese diet. In the video, set against bread from ___41___(vary) countries, Chinese steamed buns ___42___(stand) out, showcasing the unique charm of Chinese traditional cuisine. According to the video, the label called it Mantou ___43___ described it as: “Made with wheat flour, yeast (酵母), and then steamed, the Mantou has a smooth surface and a dense crumb.” In the southern regions of the country, sugar and fat ___44___(add). As ___45___ staple food, it comes in a variety of shapes with the most common ones being round, leaf, flower. 【答案】36. attracting 37. appearance 38. who 39. to find 40. in 41. various 42. stood 43. and 44. are added 45. a 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，文章主要讲述中国馒头出现在法国面包节上。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：每年的法国面包节都是烘焙界的重大活动，吸引了许多烘焙大师和美食爱好者。attract和逻辑主语The French Bread Festival之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填attracting。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：最近，中国的馒头在5月7日至5月16日的盛大面包节上亮相。空处应填名词单数作宾语，故填appearance。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：一位参加法国面包节的中国年轻人惊讶地发现，中国的馒头也参加了比赛！空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是A young Chinese man，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who，故填who。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。be surprised to do sth“很惊讶做某事”，固定用法，故填to find。 【40题详解】 考查介词。句意：同上。participate in“参加”，固定搭配，故填in。 【41题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在视频中，与各国面包相比，中国馒头脱颖而出，展示了中国传统美食的独特魅力。空处作定语修饰名词countries，应用形容词various，故填various。 【42题详解】 考查一般过去时。句意：同上。根据上下文可知，文章是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填stood。 【43题详解】 考查连词。句意：视频显示，标签上称它为馒头，并将其描述为：“用小麦粉、酵母制成，然后蒸熟，馒头表面光滑，面包屑致密。” called和described为并列的谓语动词，用and连接，故填and。 【44题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在该国的南部地区，添加糖和脂肪。主语sugar and fat和动词add之间是被动关系，且句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，故填are added。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意：作为一种主食，它的形状多种多样，最常见的有圆形、叶状、花状。food用作可数名词，此处泛指“作为一种主食”，使用不定冠词修饰，故填a。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46. 学校英文报正在开展以Artificial Intelligence为题的讨论。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1. 人工智能的迅猛发展和影响； 2. 中学生应该如何对待人工智能。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右（题目已给出，不计入总词数）； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Artificial Intelligence ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence is experiencing unprecedented growth, revolutionizing sectors and reshaping our daily lives. Its influence spans from enhancing efficiency in industries to facilitating complex tasks in healthcare and education. As middle school students, we should approach AI with a mix of curiosity and critical thinking. We must strive to understand its capabilities and limitations, while also considering its ethical and societal implications. By staying informed and engaged, we can harness the power of AI for positive change and prepare ourselves for the future it promises. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以Artificial Intelligence为题，写一篇短文向学校英文报投稿，内容包括：1. 人工智能的迅猛发展和影响；2. 中学生应该如何对待人工智能。 【详解】1.词汇积累 重塑：reshape→remodel 影响：influence→impact 提高：enhance→boost 利用：harness→utilize 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：As middle school students, we should approach AI with a mix of curiosity and critical thinking. 拓展句：As middle school students, we should approach AI in a manner that combines curiosity with critical thinking. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Its influence spans from enhancing efficiency in industries to facilitating complex tasks in healthcare and education. (运用了动名词作宾语) [高分句型2] By staying informed and engaged, we can harness the power of AI for positive change and prepare ourselves for the future it promises. (运用了动名词作宾语和that/which引导的限制性定语从句，省略了that/which) 第二节（满分25 分） 47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Willie’s aunt sent him a little writing book as a birthday present. There was a place in the book for a pencil. Willie thought a great deal of this little book, and always kept it in his pocket. One day, his mother was very busy. He called his dog and said, ”Come, Caper, let’s have a play." When Willie’s mother missed him, she went to the door and looked out, but could not see him anywhere. Knowing that Caper was with him, she thought they would come back before long. She waited an hour, but they still did not come. When she came to the gate by the road, she met Mr. Lee, Willie’s father, and told him how long their son had been gone. Mr. Lee thought he must have gone to sleep under the trees. So they went to all the trees under which Willie was in the habit of playing, but he was nowhere to be found. As a matter of fact, Willie and Caper went to the pasture field. It was peaceful and quiet. Deep green grass looked like a beautiful woven blanket spreading out upon the ground. Attracted by the beauty, they ran around. All too soon, Willie came to an edge of a shaft (坑) he knew it. He sat down and bent over to see how deep it was. Suddenly, he lost his balance and fell in. He tried very hard to get out, but could not. When the good little dog saw that his master was in the shaft, he would not leave him but ran round and round, reaching down and trying to pull him out. While Caper was biting Willie by the coat sleeves, a piece of soil gave way under his feet. He fell in too. Willie called for his father and mother as loud as he could. However, he was so far away from the house that no one could hear him. He cried and called till it was dark, and then he lay down on the ground, Caper close behind him. It was not long before Willie cried himself to sleep. 注意: 1. 续写词数应为 150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 When he woke up, it was morning, and he began to think of a way to get out. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Caper came home with a bit of paper tied to the string around his neck. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When he woke up, it was morning, and he began to think of a way to get out. Hungry and thirsty, when looking around, he noticed his little writing book and pencil. At this very moment, an idea occurred to him. He opened his little book and wrote, “Mom, please help me. I’m trapped in a shaft.” After he finished, he tore off the piece, tied it to the string around Caper’s neck and sent for his parents. Caper ran towards home as quickly as he can. Caper came home with a bit of paper tied to the string around his neck. The concerned parents lightened up as they knew he was with his son. Caper approached them immediately and kept jumping. The parents observed the paper and read it. Then Caper led them to where Willie was. They helped him out of the shaft and went home with great relief. All of the family members were grateful to Caper and considered him as one of their families. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Willie在一次外出玩耍时被困竖井内，在狗狗的帮助下脱困的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由续写段落第一段首句内容“当他醒来时，已经是早上了，他开始想办法出去。”可知，第一段可描写Willie的心理和如何脱困的过程。 ②由续写段落第二段首句内容“卡佩尔回来了，脖子周围的绳子上有一张纸。”可知，第二段可描写狗是如何帮助Willie从坑里出来以及全家人对狗的态度。 2.续写线索：Willie的当下状态——Willie想出了办法——狗狗跑回家求助————成功获救——感激狗狗 3.词汇激活 行类 ①注意到：noticed/observed/saw ②突然想起：occurred to/struck/hit ③陷入：be trapped/be stuck ④靠近：approach/draw near/came up ⑤带领：lead/guide 情绪类 ①感激的：grateful /thankful ②担心的：concerned/worried/anxious 【点睛】 [高分句型1]. Hungry and thirsty, when looking around, he noticed his little writing book and pencil.（使用形容词作状语以及when引导的时间状语从句的省略） [高分句型2]. Then Caper led them to where Willie was.（使用了where引导的地点状语从句） [高分句型3]. After he finished, he tore off the piece, tied it to the string around Caper’s neck and sent for his parents.（使用了after引导的时间状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$