第04讲 课文初探 说明文（事物事理类）导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语初高中衔接

nullnull 第04讲 课文初探 +（说明文-事理事物类） 一、听见课文 10 September 2018 Dear Worried Friend， You wrote that you are very (worry) about your friend, Chen Lei. I understand quite well that you are (anxiety) and feel terrible. You think that your friend plays computer games too often and spends too much time . I recommend that you talk to your friend about his (behave). It is not unusual for (teen) of your generation to be (attract) to computer games and the online world. But spending too much time online is (health) and makes it very difficult to on other things in life. Some students even become (addict) to the Internet and cannot school and family life. I think you should (courage) your friend to try new hobbies. Why not discuss the problem together? I am sure he will listen to you, since you are his good friend. All the best， Susan Luo 词汇及短语归纳总结 ①be worried about对……感到担忧 ②anxious adj. 焦虑的；担心的 ③behaviour n. 行为；举止 ④unusual adj. 不同寻常的 ⑤generation n. 一代(人) ⑥attract vt. 吸引；引起……的注意(或兴趣) be attracted to 喜爱 ⑦focus vi. & vt. 集中(精力、注意力等)；(使)调节焦距 n. 中心；重点；焦点 focus on 集中；特别关注 ⑧addicted adj. 有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的 addict n. 对……入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人 addicted to对……很入迷 ⑨concentrate on集中于；专心于 ⑩all the best一切顺利；万事如意 二、题型初识 1、从说明文（事理事物）说起 Passage A In the demonstration(示范) video of the devices. two dancers are performing with the robotic arms on their backs. The humans and machines move together in the performance. The dancers come together and move in similar ways either leading or following the robot arms. Inami said some wearers grow attached(依恋的)to the arms after some time. “Taking them off after using them for a while feels a little sad. That's where they're a little different to other tools." he said. 1. What can we know from the third paragraph? A. The two dancers move in different ways. B. Some users form attachment to the arms. C. Getting used to the arms needs a long time. D. The wearers think the arms are similar to other tools. Passage B Anna Hogg of the University of Leeds in Britain was one of the researchers. When speaking about the dropping ice, she said, "It's going to take tens of years for the dropping ice to recover(恢复).There's no method to replace it."She told a group of reporters, “It will certainly take a long time, even if it's possible.” 2. What does Anna Hogg try to tell us in Paragraph 3? A. It is possible to replace sea ice. B. It is difficult for sea ice to recover. C.It is impossible for sea ice to recover. D.It is important to replace sea ice. Passage C The system is called ATLAS. It can search the whole sky several times each night looking for Near-Earth Objects(NEOs,近地天体）.When they enter Earth's atmosphere(大气层），most of the NEOs will burn up before reaching the planet's surface. But scientists are worried about larger NEOs up to 50 meters in size. Such objects could bring harmful results to areas they hit. 3. Which of the following is TRUE about NEOs? A. Most of them are not risky to Earth. B. Most of them are harmful to our planet. C. Most of them are over 50 meters in size. D. Most of them can't be seen by telescopes. 2、题型讲解 1. 事物事理类说明文 · 定义：一种文章体裁，旨在通过说明方式介绍事物特征、本质及其规律性，或阐释抽象事理。 2. 概念区分 · 事物说明文：关注具体事物的形状、构造、性质等。 · 事理说明文：关注抽象概念的原理、成因、特点等。 3. 说明方法 ★分类法（by classification）★比较法（by comparison）★举例法（by example） ★程序法（by process）★因果法（by cause and effect）★定义法（by definition） ★时序法（by following the order of time）★描述法（by description） ★重要性法（by importance）★分析原因法（by analyzing cause） ★引入数据或研究（by using data or mentioning some studies） 4. 解题重点关注 · 正确选项：与说明对象密切相关，注意段首段尾。 · 转折、递进、因果：这些词后的内容往往是重点。 5. 主旨题 · 中心思想：文章围绕中心思想展开，常在开头或段落首句体现。 · 寻找主题句的微技能 a) 转折词：but, however等后的内容可能是主题。 b) 总结词：therefore, thus等后可能是主题。 c) 重复词：多次出现的词可能是关键词。 d) 疑问句：首段的疑问句回答可能是主旨。 e) 实验结论或调查结果：如their studies show that…， the  experiment  shows that…， scientists/researchers have found that…或there  is  evidence  suggesting that… 中that从句的内容通常就是主旨。也可能是主题。研究显示的内容可能是主旨。 3、同频练习 Passage A While it is impossible to live completely free of stress, it is possible to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it can’t be avoided. The US Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to deal with stress. 1：What is most probably the writer’s purpose in writing the article? A. To release his or her wrong pressure. B. To help solve the universal problem of stress. C. To reduce his or her anxiety. D. To have more people cry out. Passage B For travel expert and author La Carmina, slow travel allows people to stop and smell the roses-quite directly. “It’s about being fully present in the moment and experiencing the sights, sounds and sensations (感觉) around you completely “letting the experience develop at its own speed and without expectations,” she said. “To me, slow travel doesn’t have a strict definition or certain things to do, but rather focuses on the feeling of being a visitor to a place.” Slow travel is becoming more and more popular now, because it can do good to us in many ways. 2. What does La Carmina think of slow travel? A. It can let travelers experience the place deeply. B. It can make travelers save a lot of money. C. It can allow travelers to explore more places. D. It can save travelers much more time. Passage C No business would welcome being compared to gambling (赌博). Yet that is what is happening to makers of video games. For years parents have complained that their children are “addicted” to their video games and smartphones. Today, however, even more doctors are using the term. On January 1 this year, “gaming disorder” — in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm — gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO). 3. What do we know from Paragraph 1? A. It is not suitable to compare video games to gambling. B. Parents complain about their children’s addiction to gambling. C. Gaming addiction was officially recognized as a disease. D. More doctors are against the use of the term “addicted”. Passage D It’s good to share, right? Growing up as kids, we are told to share our toys and not be selfish. We also live in an age where discussing our feelings is encouraged. But when does it all become too much? With new crazes trending all the time, such as dance challenges and wearing a pillow as a dress, the question is: when can sharing become oversharing on social media? What is oversharing? The term has become connected with social media, but it isn’t exclusive (独有的) to this platform. Imagine you head to a party and you meet someone. Within five minutes they have revealed details about their life. While some of us may try to escape these people, according to specialist Carolyn Cole, this form of oversharing could come from a strong desire to connect with someone. But how does oversharing translate into social media? Dr Christopher Hand, a lecturer in cyberpsychology, says the more details people expose (使显露), the less sympathy (同情) we express when things go wrong. This could be due to a belief that we will get more negative experiences if we share them more. It seems that sadfishing, the idea of searching for sympathy by oversharing, is generally viewed as negative rather than the cry for help it could actually be. However, Dr Hand’s research also seems to suggest that the more we post on a platform, the more socially attractive we become—if our posts are positive. Even back in2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD, said that we should avoid complaining and being negative online. We should also avoid showing off or bragging (吹嘘). It makes sense-if your life is going that well, would you really have time to share a photo with text? So, how can you know if you are oversharing? Well, why not ask your friends in real life? They would probably be more than happy to tell you if your posts about your breakfast or your complaints about your lack of money really are too much. 1．How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A．By providing data. B．By raising a question. C．By giving an example. D．By analyzing cause and effect. 2．Why does the author describe a scene in paragraph 2? A．To illustrate what oversharing is. B．To attract readers’ attention and interest. C．To explain the reason of oversharing. D．To connect oversharing with social media. 3．According to Dr Hand, what may happen when people overshare online? A．They would have no time to enjoy their real life. B．People are likely to doubt their intention for help. C．People show no sympathy when they are in trouble. D．They will definitely become more socially attractive. 4．Which of the following online sharing does the author most agree with? A．Showing off your expensive lifestyle. B．Complaining frequently about your work. C．Sharing photos of your breakfast every day. D．Recording a video of how you save money. 三、课后作业 1、听力小练 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．What does the man like doing? A．Playing ping­pong and listening to music. B．Listening to music and reading. C．Reading and playing basketball. 7．How often does the woman play ping­pong? A．Once a week. B．Twice a week. C．Three times a week. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．How long has the man been learning English? A．For about half a year. B．For about one year. C．For about two years. 9．Where does the conversation most probably take place? A．At a bus stop. B．In a school. C．On a bus. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10．Where did the man's family go last year? A．To Egypt. B．To Spain. C．To France. 11．How many people are there in the man's family? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. 12．What's the relationship between the speakers? A．Friends. B．Strangers. C．Workmates. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13．What day is it today? A．Friday. B．Thursday. C．Wednesday. 14．Who forgot the words during the play? A．Peter. B．Harry. C．Mark. 15．What was Fred's problem? A．He fell over a chair. B．He caused lights to be off. C．He gave up the play midway. 16．How does the woman feel about the situation on the man's first night? A．It's normal. B．It's funny. C．It's surprising. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17．Where is Kate now? A．In London. B．In Edinburgh. C．In Paris. 18．What was the weather like when the speaker was camping? A．Sunny. B．Rainy. C．Cloudy. 19．What did the speaker do on the fourth day of the holiday? A．She visited a village school. B．She sailed on the lake. C．She went to a museum. 20．Where does Kate work now? A．At a library. B．At a gym. C．At a supermarket. 2、阅读练习 Passage A Have you ever wondered about the universal layout (布局) of supermarkets? Smart designers are behind it, subtly tempting you to walk through each aisle and fill your shopping cart without even realizing it. Grocery store design is a carefully crafted art from both psychological and marketing standpoints, according to Reeves Connelly, who studied architectural design at the Pratt Institute. He explained there is a specific reason why fruit and vegetables are often located at the front of the store, “You’ll grab the fruits and vegetables first and then hopefully feel less guilty about buying junk food later on.” Meanwhile, essential items such as milk and eggs are placed at the back of the store to ensure customers walk through other aisles with many unhealthy options like snacks and sodas, potentially increasing the likelihood of impulse purchases. There’s also a reason why you often feel lost in local supermarkets. Shockingly, they move things around. Reeves explained, “They are very much aware that these strategies become less effective after you visit the store a few times and get a better sense of where everything is, so they’ll regularly move the products to different aisles to con fuse you. The practice is not limited to a specific store but is employed across various retail chains.” “Their little tricks always work on me,” one regular shopper admits, “I walk in to get three things and end up spending $300; that’s why I hate grocery shopping,” he said. On the other hand, some shoppers are proud to declare they have never fallen into the trap. “That’s why I always keep a shopping list on me,” another shopper shared. “I’ve started having my groceries delivered. If I have to go to the store, I never grab a trolley. If I can’t carry it, I’m not buying it,” he added. 1．What is the purpose of the supermarket layout? A．To show the designer’s wisdom. B．To save consumers’ shopping time. C．To increase non-essential purchases. D．To provide multiple goods for choice. 2．What would the store owner probably do to make more profits? A．Put the healthy food together. B．Distribute junk food in different areas. C．Place essential items before junk food. D．Rearrange products in supermarkets regularly. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Most shoppers are trapped in marketing tricks. B．Shopping baskets are better than heavy trolleys. C．Making lists can be a smart act for impulse buying. D．Grocery delivery can help improve supermarket sales. 4．Where is this text most likely from? A．A business magazine. B．A psychology report. C．A research paper. D．A shopping guide. Passage B （23-24高一下·天津和平·期末）We live in a judgmental world where people are quick to point out the faults and imperfections of others yet seem unaware of their own. Some misguided people believe they have a natural duty to help you to be a better person by telling you what a failure you really are first and then offering suggestions as to how you can improve. So what is the solution to criticism? If you are the one forcing others to feel ashamed of themselves, STOP. Make a conscious decision that rather than focus on the negative aspect of a person’s performance or attitudes, you’ll offer helpful suggestions from the beginning. If I’m painting our living room and making a mess in doing so, I would like my husband to say to me, “This is a tough job. Can I offer a suggestion that might make it easier for you?” rather than having him point’ out what a careless painter. I am and then tell me how I should be doing it. If you are on the receiving end of criticism, the “OK” response is a perfect solution. When someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or a personality issue, a natural response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely effective as it puts both parties on the defensive. Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief one-word response acknowledges the other person’s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it. It is important to remain emotionally attached to what the other person is saying, to listen without feeling, to be an objective observer. There is much that one can learn from a negative review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did I give 100%of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve? As for chronic (习惯性的) criticizers: It is important to set strict boundaries (界限) with them. Remove yourself from their presence when necessary. In any event, one can learn to be “OK” with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact their life or relationship with the other party. Examine it for any potential truths, and then ‘ let it go and just be “OK”. 5．What does the author want to show by using the example of painting? A．Nobody is perfect. B．The art of criticizing. C．The value of suggestions. D．The harm of criticizing. 6．What is the best way to respond when you are criticized by a person? A．Simply say “Thank you”. B．Defend yourself. C．Ignore the comment. D．Just say “OK”. 7．You are told to ask yourself some questions in Paragraph 4 so as to . A．better present negative reviews. B．learn from others’ mistakes C．take criticism objectively D．have more confidence in yourself 8．How should you treat people who always criticize others according to the author’s advice? A．Attack them sharply. B．Talk to them politely. C．Stay away from them. D．Be open to their suggestions. 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第04讲 课文初探 +（说明文-事理事物类） 一、听见课文 10 September 2018 Dear Worried Friend， You wrote that you are very (worry) about① your friend, Chen Lei. I understand quite well that you are (anxiety) and feel terrible. You think that your friend plays computer games too often and spends too much time . I recommend that you talk to your friend about his (behave). It is not unusual for (teen) of your generation to be (attract) to computer games and the online world. But spending too much time online is (health) and makes it very difficult to on other things in life. Some students even become (addict) to the Internet and cannot school and family life. I think you should (courage) your friend to try new hobbies. Why not discuss the problem together? I am sure he will listen to you, since you are his good friend. All the best， Susan Luo 词汇及短语归纳总结 ①be worried about对……感到担忧 ②anxious adj. 焦虑的；担心的 ③behaviour n. 行为；举止 ④unusual adj. 不同寻常的 ⑤generation n. 一代(人) ⑥attract vt. 吸引；引起……的注意(或兴趣) be attracted to 喜爱 ⑦focus vi. & vt. 集中(精力、注意力等)；(使)调节焦距 n. 中心；重点；焦点 focus on 集中；特别关注 ⑧addicted adj. 有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的 addict n. 对……入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人 addicted to对……很入迷 ⑨concentrate on集中于；专心于 ⑩all the best一切顺利；万事如意 二、题型初识 1、从说明文（事理事物）说起 Passage A In the demonstration(示范) video of the devices. two dancers are performing with the robotic arms on their backs.The humans and machines move together in the performance. The dancers come together and move in similar ways either leading or following the robot arms. Inami said some wearers grow attached(依恋的)to the arms after some time.“Taking them off after using them for a while feels a little sad. That's where they're a little different to other tools."he said. 1. What can we know from the third paragraph? A. The two dancers move in different ways. B. Some users form attachment to the arms. C. Getting used to the arms needs a long time. D. The wearers think the arms are similar to other tools. 参考答案： 1. B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“some wearers grow attached to the arms after some time”可知，有些佩戴者在使用一段时间后会对机械臂产生依恋。 Passage B Anna Hogg of the University of Leeds in Britain was one of the researchers. When speaking about the dropping ice, she said, "It's going to take tens of years for the dropping ice to recover(恢复).There's no method to replace it."She told a group of reporters, “It will certainly take a long time,even if it's possible.” 2. What does Anna Hogg try to tell us in Paragraph 3? A. It is possible to replace sea ice. B. It is difficult for sea ice to recover. C.It is impossible for sea ice to recover. D.It is important to replace sea ice. 参考答案： 2. B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It's going to take tens of years for the dropping ice to recover.There's no method to replace it."可知，这些海冰需要数十年才能恢复，没有办法取代这些海冰。由此可知，海冰很难恢复。 Passage C The system is called ATLAS. It can search the whole sky several times each night looking for Near-Earth Objects(NEOs,近地天体）.When they enter Earth's atmosphere(大气层），most of the NEOs will burn up before reaching the planet's surface. But scientists are worried about larger NEOs up to 50 meters in size. Such objects could bring harmful results to areas they hit. 3. Which of the following is TRUE about NEOs? A. Most of them are not risky to Earth. B. Most of them are harmful to our planet. C. Most of them are over 50 meters in size. D. Most of them can't be seen by telescopes. 参考答案： 3. A推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When they enter Earth's atmosphere, most of the NEOs will burn up before reaching the planet's surface.”可知，当近地天体进入地球大气层时，大多数近地天体在到达地球表面之前都会燃烧殆尽。所以大多数近地天体对地球没有危险。 2、题型讲解 1. 事物事理类说明文 · 定义：一种文章体裁，旨在通过说明方式介绍事物特征、本质及其规律性，或阐释抽象事理。 2. 概念区分 · 事物说明文：关注具体事物的形状、构造、性质等。 · 事理说明文：关注抽象概念的原理、成因、特点等。 3. 说明方法 ★分类法（by classification）★比较法（by comparison）★举例法（by example） ★程序法（by process）★因果法（by cause and effect）★定义法（by definition） ★时序法（by following the order of time）★描述法（by description） ★重要性法（by importance）★分析原因法（by analyzing cause） ★引入数据或研究（by using data or mentioning some studies） 4. 解题重点关注 · 正确选项：与说明对象密切相关，注意段首段尾。 · 转折、递进、因果：这些词后的内容往往是重点。 5. 主旨题 · 中心思想：文章围绕中心思想展开，常在开头或段落首句体现。 · 寻找主题句的微技能 a) 转折词：but, however等后的内容可能是主题。 b) 总结词：therefore, thus等后可能是主题。 c) 重复词：多次出现的词可能是关键词。 d) 疑问句：首段的疑问句回答可能是主旨。 e) 实验结论或调查结果：如their studies show that…， the  experiment  shows that…， scientists/researchers have found that…或there  is  evidence  suggesting that… 中that从句的内容通常就是主旨。也可能是主题。研究显示的内容可能是主旨。 3、同频练习 Passage A While it is impossible to live completely free of stress, it is possible to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it can’t be avoided. The US Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to deal with stress. 1：What is most probably the writer’s purpose in writing the article? A. To release his or her wrong pressure. B. To help solve the universal problem of stress. C. To reduce his or her anxiety. D. To have more people cry out. 参考答案： 由文章第一段“While it is impossible to live completely free of stress, it is possible to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it can’t be avoided. The US Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to deal with stress.(虽然生活中不可能完全没有压力，但当压力无法避免时，我们可以预防压力并减少其影响。美国卫生与公众服务部提供了以下应对压力的建议。)”可知，作者写这篇文章是为了帮助解决普遍存在的压力问题。故选B。 Passage B For travel expert and author La Carmina, slow travel allows people to stop and smell the roses-quite directly. “It’s about being fully present in the moment and experiencing the sights, sounds and sensations (感觉) around you completely “letting the experience develop at its own speed and without expectations,” she said. “To me, slow travel doesn’t have a strict definition or certain things to do, but rather focuses on the feeling of being a visitor to a place.” Slow travel is becoming more and more popular now, because it can do good to us in many ways. 2. What does La Carmina think of slow travel? A. It can let travelers experience the place deeply. B. It can make travelers save a lot of money. C. It can allow travelers to explore more places. D. It can save travelers much more time. 参考答案： 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“For travel expert and author La Carmina, slow travel allows people to stop and smell thet roses-quite directly. “It’s about being fully present in the moment and experiencing the sights, sounds and sensations (感觉) around you completely “letting the experience develop at its own speed and without expectations,” she said.(对于旅游专家兼作家La Carmina来说，慢速旅行可以让人们停下来，直接闻一闻玫瑰的芬芳。她说：“这是关于完全活在当下，完全体验你周围的景象、声音和感觉，让体验按照自己的速度发展，不带任何期望。”)”可知，La Carmina认为慢旅行可以让人们能够完全体验你周围的景象、声音和感觉，也就是深入体验一个地方。故选A。 Passage C No business would welcome being compared to gambling (赌博). Yet that is what is happening to makers of video games. For years parents have complained that their children are “addicted” to their video games and smartphones. Today, however, even more doctors are using the term. On January 1 this year, “gaming disorder” — in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm — gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO). 3. What do we know from Paragraph 1? A. It is not suitable to compare video games to gambling. B. Parents complain about their children’s addiction to gambling. C. Gaming addiction was officially recognized as a disease. D. More doctors are against the use of the term “addicted”. 参考答案： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“On January l this year, “gaming disorder” — in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm — gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO).”（今年1月1日，“游戏障碍”得到了世界卫生组织(WHO)的认可。“游戏障碍”指的是尽管会造成伤害，但仍无法控制地玩游戏。）可知，从第一段我们知道游戏成瘾被正式认定为一种疾病。故选C项。 Passage D It’s good to share, right? Growing up as kids, we are told to share our toys and not be selfish. We also live in an age where discussing our feelings is encouraged. But when does it all become too much? With new crazes trending all the time, such as dance challenges and wearing a pillow as a dress, the question is: when can sharing become oversharing on social media? What is oversharing? The term has become connected with social media, but it isn’t exclusive (独有的) to this platform. Imagine you head to a party and you meet someone. Within five minutes they have revealed details about their life. While some of us may try to escape these people, according to specialist Carolyn Cole, this form of oversharing could come from a strong desire to connect with someone. But how does oversharing translate into social media? Dr Christopher Hand, a lecturer in cyberpsychology, says the more details people expose (使显露), the less sympathy (同情) we express when things go wrong. This could be due to a belief that we will get more negative experiences if we share them more. It seems that sadfishing, the idea of searching for sympathy by oversharing, is generally viewed as negative rather than the cry for help it could actually be. However, Dr Hand’s research also seems to suggest that the more we post on a platform, the more socially attractive we become—if our posts are positive. Even back in2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD, said that we should avoid complaining and being negative online. We should also avoid showing off or bragging (吹嘘). It makes sense-if your life is going that well, would you really have time to share a photo with text? So, how can you know if you are oversharing? Well, why not ask your friends in real life? They would probably be more than happy to tell you if your posts about your breakfast or your complaints about your lack of money really are too much. 1．How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1? A．By providing data. B．By raising a question. C．By giving an example. D．By analyzing cause and effect. 2．Why does the author describe a scene in paragraph 2? A．To illustrate what oversharing is. B．To attract readers’ attention and interest. C．To explain the reason of oversharing. D．To connect oversharing with social media. 3．According to Dr Hand, what may happen when people overshare online? A．They would have no time to enjoy their real life. B．People are likely to doubt their intention for help. C．People show no sympathy when they are in trouble. D．They will definitely become more socially attractive. 4．Which of the following online sharing does the author most agree with? A．Showing off your expensive lifestyle. B．Complaining frequently about your work. C．Sharing photos of your breakfast every day. D．Recording a video of how you save money. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是在社交媒体过度分享这种社会现象。 1．推理判断题。根据首段“It’s good to share, right? Growing up as kids, we are told to share our toys and not be selfish. We also live in an age where discussing our feelings is encouraged. But when does it all become too much? With new crazes trending all the time, such as dance challenges and wearing a pillow as a dress, the question is: when can sharing become oversharing on social media?(分享是件好事，对吧?从小，我们就被告知要分享玩具，不要自私。我们也生活在一个鼓励讨论自己感受的时代。但什么时候这一切会变得过分呢?随着舞蹈挑战和穿枕头当裙子等新潮流的不断流行，问题是：社交媒体上的分享何时变得过度分享的?)”可知，在第一段中作者连续提出三个问题“分享是件好事，对吧?”、“但什么时候这一切会变得过分呢?”以及“社交媒体上的分享何时会变得过度分享?”，从而引出本文讨论的话题，由此可知，该段是通过提问的方式引出话题的。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“What is oversharing?(什么是过度分享？)”可知，本段第一句使用提问的形式引出本段讲述的主题，结合下文中的“The term has become connected with social media, but it isn’t exclusive (独有的) to this platform. Imagine you head to a party and you meet someone. Within five minutes they have revealed details about their life. (这个词已经与社交媒体联系在一起，但它并不是这个平台所独有的。想象一下，你去参加一个聚会，遇到了一个人。在五分钟内，他们就透露了自己生活的细节。)”可知，接下来提到了一个与陌生人相遇五分钟内就透露自己生活细节的场景，由此可知，本段主要是为了阐述“什么过度分享”。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It seems that sadfishing, the idea of searching for sympathy by oversharing, is generally viewed as negative rather than the cry for help it could actually be.(在社交媒体上博同情，即通过过度分享来寻求同情的想法，似乎通常被认为是消极的，而不是真正的求助。)”可知，在Dr Hand看来，在社交平台上过度分享来寻求同情的想法，经常被人认为不是真正的求助，由此可知，如果在网上过度分享，人们可能会怀疑这些人们寻求帮助的意图。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“However, Dr Hand’s research also seems to suggest that the more we post on a platform, the more socially attractive we become—if our posts are positive.(然而，Dr Hand的研究似乎也表明，如果我们的帖子是积极的，我们在一个平台上发布的越多，我们就越有社会吸引力。)”可知，在社交媒体上发布积极地帖子，就会越有社会吸引力，结合下文中的“Even back in2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD, said that we should avoid complaining and being negative online. We should also avoid showing off or bragging (吹嘘). It makes sense-if your life is going that well, would you really have time to share a photo with text?(早在2015年，格温多林·塞德曼博士就说过，我们应该避免在网上抱怨和消极。我们也应该避免炫耀或吹嘘。这是有道理的——如果你的生活过得很好，你真的有时间用文字分享照片吗?)”可知，我们不应该在社交平台上抱怨和消极，也不应该炫耀或吹嘘，如果自己过得好，也不会去分享照片的时间，所以A项、B项和C项讲述的内容与原文信息不符，由此可知，作者应该会赞成录制你如何省钱的视频。故选D项。 三、课后作业 1、听力小练 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．What does the man like doing? A．Playing ping­pong and listening to music. B．Listening to music and reading. C．Reading and playing basketball. 7．How often does the woman play ping­pong? A．Once a week. B．Twice a week. C．Three times a week. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．How long has the man been learning English? A．For about half a year. B．For about one year. C．For about two years. 9．Where does the conversation most probably take place? A．At a bus stop. B．In a school. C．On a bus. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10．Where did the man's family go last year? A．To Egypt. B．To Spain. C．To France. 11．How many people are there in the man's family? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. 12．What's the relationship between the speakers? A．Friends. B．Strangers. C．Workmates. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13．What day is it today? A．Friday. B．Thursday. C．Wednesday. 14．Who forgot the words during the play? A．Peter. B．Harry. C．Mark. 15．What was Fred's problem? A．He fell over a chair. B．He caused lights to be off. C．He gave up the play midway. 16．How does the woman feel about the situation on the man's first night? A．It's normal. B．It's funny. C．It's surprising. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17．Where is Kate now? A．In London. B．In Edinburgh. C．In Paris. 18．What was the weather like when the speaker was camping? A．Sunny. B．Rainy. C．Cloudy. 19．What did the speaker do on the fourth day of the holiday? A．She visited a village school. B．She sailed on the lake. C．She went to a museum. 20．Where does Kate work now? A．At a library. B．At a gym. C．At a supermarket. 【第三组】 6～10　CBBAA 11～15　BCABB　16～20　AABBC 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 (Text 6) M：Hi, Lisa. What do you like doing in your spare time? W：I like reading and listening to music. I especially love reading love stories and listening to pop music. What about you? M：I like reading books, too, but I hardly listen to music. I also like playing basketball. I play it almost every day. W：I don't like playing basketball, but I like playing ping­pong. M：So how often do you play ping­pong? W：I play it every Tuesday and Friday. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 (Text 7) M：Excuse me, could you tell me which bus I can take to go to Winston Hotel? W：No. 7. By the way, are you from America? M：No, I'm from Russia. W：But your English is very good. How long have you been learning it? M：For about one year. W：Wow, how could you pick up spoken English so fast? M：Probably because I'm taking a course at a language school and we're encouraged to speak English in and after class. So I think practicing it often is the key. W：No wonder you picked it up so fast. Here comes my bus. Nice talking to you. Bye. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 (Text 8) W：Do you take long vacations at New Year? M：Yes, we do. We love traveling abroad around New Year. We saw the Pyramids last year. W：So where are you going for your vacation this year? M：We haven't decided yet. My son wants to go to Spain, and my daughter wants to go to France. But my wife and I want to go to China. W：So why do you want to go to China? M：We want to see pandas in Sichuan. So do you like traveling abroad? W：Me? Well, it costs too much to take a trip abroad. I can't really afford such a trip. M：Well, you've just worked for a few months, after all. W：Yes. So how long have you worked here? M：For over ten years. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 (Text 9) W：Hi! I know you were really worried about your first night. How did it go? M：You weren't there? I thought you were coming with Peter. W：No. Thursdays after school is Arts Club, and it finished really late yesterday. M：Actually, it's probably a good thing you didn't come last night — so many things went wrong! W：First nights are always like that! I remember when I was in a play in my second year. We all forgot our lines and one student was so nervous she couldn't continue with the play. M：Surprisingly, I didn't forget my words, but Harry did. W：So, what happened? M：Well, luckily I knew his lines too, so I told him very quietly. But that wasn't the only thing. Mark fell over a chair. It was supposed to be a sad bit! Oh, and you won't believe this — the lights all went off at the end of the play. It was so funny — we had to act in darkness. In fact, Fred turned off the wrong lights. Our teacher Mr. Tim was very angry! W：I'm not surprised! 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 (Text 10) Hello, Kate. I decided to send you a speaking letter! Today it is very hot here. I hope tomorrow it will be cloudy and not so hot. I am happy that you have decided to start learning French like me. When I come to visit you in London in the spring, we can talk together in French. Yesterday, I returned from my short holiday camping in Scotland. I went with my friend Melissa. She is from Paris. We camped near Edinburgh but the weather was terrible for the whole four days. Everything was so wet. But while we were there, we visited some village schools and an art museum. On the last day we borrowed a boat and went out onto a lake. I am starting my new job tomorrow at the library near my house. How is your job at the supermarket? Please tell me what you are doing this month. I am going to work out at the gym now! 2、阅读练习 Passage A Have you ever wondered about the universal layout (布局) of supermarkets? Smart designers are behind it, subtly tempting you to walk through each aisle and fill your shopping cart without even realizing it. Grocery store design is a carefully crafted art from both psychological and marketing standpoints, according to Reeves Connelly, who studied architectural design at the Pratt Institute. He explained there is a specific reason why fruit and vegetables are often located at the front of the store, “You’ll grab the fruits and vegetables first and then hopefully feel less guilty about buying junk food later on.” Meanwhile, essential items such as milk and eggs are placed at the back of the store to ensure customers walk through other aisles with many unhealthy options like snacks and sodas, potentially increasing the likelihood of impulse purchases. There’s also a reason why you often feel lost in local supermarkets. Shockingly, they move things around. Reeves explained, “They are very much aware that these strategies become less effective after you visit the store a few times and get a better sense of where everything is, so they’ll regularly move the products to different aisles to con fuse you. The practice is not limited to a specific store but is employed across various retail chains.” “Their little tricks always work on me,” one regular shopper admits, “I walk in to get three things and end up spending $300; that’s why I hate grocery shopping,” he said. On the other hand, some shoppers are proud to declare they have never fallen into the trap. “That’s why I always keep a shopping list on me,” another shopper shared. “I’ve started having my groceries delivered. If I have to go to the store, I never grab a trolley. If I can’t carry it, I’m not buying it,” he added. 1．What is the purpose of the supermarket layout? A．To show the designer’s wisdom. B．To save consumers’ shopping time. C．To increase non-essential purchases. D．To provide multiple goods for choice. 2．What would the store owner probably do to make more profits? A．Put the healthy food together. B．Distribute junk food in different areas. C．Place essential items before junk food. D．Rearrange products in supermarkets regularly. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Most shoppers are trapped in marketing tricks. B．Shopping baskets are better than heavy trolleys. C．Making lists can be a smart act for impulse buying. D．Grocery delivery can help improve supermarket sales. 4．Where is this text most likely from? A．A business magazine. B．A psychology report. C．A research paper. D．A shopping guide. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了超市布局背后促进非必要消费的特殊原因以及建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Meanwhile, essential items such as milk and eggs are placed at the back of the store to ensure customers walk through other aisles with many unhealthy options like snacks and sodas, potentially increasing the likelihood of impulse purchases.(与此同时，牛奶和鸡蛋等必需品被放在商店的后面，以确保顾客穿过其他过道，有许多不健康的选择，如零食和苏打水，这可能会增加冲动购物的可能性)”可知，超市布局的目的是促进非必要消费。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Reeves explained, “They are very much aware that these strategies become less effective after you visit the store a few times and get a better sense of where everything is, so they’ll regularly move the products to different aisles to con fuse you. The practice is not limited to a specific store but is employed across various retail chains.”(里夫斯解释说：“他们非常清楚，当你几次光顾商店并更好地了解每样商品的位置后，这些策略的效果就会降低，所以他们会定期将产品移到不同的过道，让你感到困惑。这种做法不仅限于特定的商店，而是被各种零售连锁店采用。”)”可知，为了提高利润，店主可能会定期重新安排超市的产品布局。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“On the other hand, some shoppers are proud to declare they have never fallen into the trap. “That’s why I always keep a shopping list on me,” another shopper shared.(另一方面，一些购物者自豪地宣称他们从未落入陷阱。“这就是为什么我总是把购物清单放在身上，”另一位购物者分享道)”可推知，带购物清单是避免冲动购物的明智之举。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Have you ever wondered about the universal layout (布局) of supermarkets? Smart designers are behind it, subtly tempting you to walk through each aisle and fill your shopping cart without even realizing it.(你有没有想过超市的通用布局？聪明的设计师在背后，巧妙地引诱你穿过每一条过道，在不知不觉中装满购物车)”以及全文可知，文章主要说明了超市布局背后促进非必要消费的特殊原因以及建议。由此推知，文章可能选自一本商业杂志。故选A。 Passage B （23-24高一下·天津和平·期末）We live in a judgmental world where people are quick to point out the faults and imperfections of others yet seem unaware of their own. Some misguided people believe they have a natural duty to help you to be a better person by telling you what a failure you really are first and then offering suggestions as to how you can improve. So what is the solution to criticism? If you are the one forcing others to feel ashamed of themselves, STOP. Make a conscious decision that rather than focus on the negative aspect of a person’s performance or attitudes, you’ll offer helpful suggestions from the beginning. If I’m painting our living room and making a mess in doing so, I would like my husband to say to me, “This is a tough job. Can I offer a suggestion that might make it easier for you?” rather than having him point’ out what a careless painter. I am and then tell me how I should be doing it. If you are on the receiving end of criticism, the “OK” response is a perfect solution. When someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or a personality issue, a natural response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely effective as it puts both parties on the defensive. Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief one-word response acknowledges the other person’s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it. It is important to remain emotionally attached to what the other person is saying, to listen without feeling, to be an objective observer. There is much that one can learn from a negative review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did I give 100%of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve? As for chronic (习惯性的) criticizers: It is important to set strict boundaries (界限) with them. Remove yourself from their presence when necessary. In any event, one can learn to be “OK” with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact their life or relationship with the other party. Examine it for any potential truths, and then ‘ let it go and just be “OK”. 5．What does the author want to show by using the example of painting? A．Nobody is perfect. B．The art of criticizing. C．The value of suggestions. D．The harm of criticizing. 6．What is the best way to respond when you are criticized by a person? A．Simply say “Thank you”. B．Defend yourself. C．Ignore the comment. D．Just say “OK”. 7．You are told to ask yourself some questions in Paragraph 4 so as to . A．better present negative reviews. B．learn from others’ mistakes C．take criticism objectively D．have more confidence in yourself 8．How should you treat people who always criticize others according to the author’s advice? A．Attack them sharply. B．Talk to them politely. C．Stay away from them. D．Be open to their suggestions. 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．C 8．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何应对批评，指出在任何情况下，一个人都可以学会接受批评，不让它对他们的生活或与另一方的关系产生负面影响。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段“So what is the solution to criticism? If you are the one forcing others to feel ashamed of themselves, STOP. Make a conscious decision that rather than focus on the negative aspect of a person’s performance or attitudes, you’ll offer helpful suggestions from the beginning. If I’m painting our living room and making a mess in doing so, I would like my husband to say to me, “This is a tough job. Can I offer a suggestion that might make it easier for you?” rather than having him point’ out what a careless painter. I am and then tell me how I should be doing it.(那么，如何解决批评呢？如果你是那个强迫别人为自己感到羞耻的人，停下来。做一个有意识的决定，而不是专注于一个人的表现或态度的消极方面，你会从一开始就提供有用的建议。如果我正在粉刷我们的客厅，并把它弄得一团糟，我希望我的丈夫对我说：“这是一项艰巨的工作。我能提个建议让你容易些吗？”而不是让他指出他是一个多么粗心的油漆工。是的，然后告诉我应该怎么做)”可知，作者想用绘画的例子来说明批评的艺术。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“If you are on the receiving end of criticism, the “OK” response is a perfect solution.(如果你被批评了，回答“OK”是一个完美的解决方案)”可知，当你被人批评时，最好的回应方式是说“OK”。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段“It is important to remain emotionally attached to what the other person is saying, to listen without feeling, to be an objective observer. There is much that one can learn from a negative review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did I give 100%of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve?( 重要的是要对他人所说的话保持情感上的依恋，不带感情地倾听，做一个客观的观察者。一个人可以从负面评价中学到很多东西。你可以问问自己：我做错了吗？我还能做得更好吗？我是否对手头的任务投入了100%的精力？如果是这样，我该如何改进？)”可知，你被要求问自己一些问题是为了客观地接受批评。故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据第四段“As for chronic (习惯性的) criticizers: It is important to set strict boundaries (界限) with them. Remove yourself from their presence when necessary.(对于习惯性批评的人：与他们建立严格的界限是很重要的。必要时离开他们)”可知，你应该远离总是批评别人的人。故选C。 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$