Unit 3 Period Ⅲ Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练-【高中必刷题】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修1同步课件 (译林版)

03 Period Ⅲ Extended reading & Project Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练 1 A [湖北鄂东南省级示范高中2024高一期中] When Eugenie George first heard that her friend passed an exam, her heart sank. She’d failed that test weeks earlier, and needed more work to advance her own career. But instead of anxiety, she called her friend. “I congratulated her and told her she inspired me,” she said. She was surprised when （在……之后） her attitude changed, she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in turn. Finding pleasure in another person’s good fortune is what social scientists call freudenfreude（乐他人之幸）, a term that describes the joy we feel when someone else succeeds, even if it isn’t directly connected with us. Freudenfreude is like social glue, says Catherine Chambliss, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College in Pennsylvania. It makes relationships “closer and more enjoyable”. Sharing in someone else’s joy can also improve life satisfaction and resilience （适应力） and help people cooperate during a conflict. 刷阅读理解 2 While the benefits of freudenfreude are plentiful, it doesn’t always come easily. Sometimes, your loss might really sting （使痛苦） you, making freudenfreude feel out of reach. If you are raised in a family that pairs winning with self-worth, Chambliss says, you might misread someone else’s victory as your own personal shortcomings. And factors such as mental health and overall well-being （幸福） can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy. Still, freudenfreude is worthwhile and there are ways to encourage the feeling. Instead of an automatic response, freudenfreude is often a motivated process. To help people strengthen joy-sharing muscles, Chambliss and her colleagues developed a programme called Freudenfreude Enhancement Training （FET）, featuring two exercises. They found that depressed people who used the practices for two weeks had an easier time expressing freudenfreude, which built up their relationships and improved their mood. 刷阅读理解 In addition, freudenfreude encourages us to regard individual success as a joint effort. No one gets to the top alone, and when we elevate （提升） others, we’re often carried up with them. Jean Grae, an artist, supports friends by adopting this mindset. When someone gets a new opportunity or reaches a milestone, he or she makes sure to celebrate. Grae says she’s especially moved when anyone considers others’ success. “It’s truly inspirational,” she says, “because it lifts us all up and makes us shine.” 刷阅读理解 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了乐他人之幸会给自己带来好处。 1.What do we know about Eugenie George?( ) C A.She took pride in passing her exam. B.She shared her success with her friend. C.She was pleased at her friend’s success. D.She was annoyed at her failure in an exam. 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I congratulated her and told her she inspired me,” she said. She was surprised when her attitude changed, she could share her friend’s happiness and experience her own, in turn.可知，尤金妮亚•乔治听到朋友通过了考试后，为朋友的成功感到高兴。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 5 2.What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on about freudenfreude?( ) C A.Its great benefits. B.Its disadvantages. C.Reasons for its absence. D.Ways of improving it. 解析 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知，个人失落感、心理健康和整体幸福感等因素可能是让个人难以从他人的成功中感受到快乐的原因。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 6 3.Why was Freudenfreude Enhancement Training （FET） held?( ) B A.To test the effects of freudenfreude. B.To help people apply freudenfreude. C.To get people to know freudenfreude. D.To show the advantages of freudenfreude. 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的To help people strengthen joy-sharing muscles, Chambliss and her colleagues developed a programme called Freudenfreude Enhancement Training （FET）, featuring two exercises.可知，该项目旨在帮助人们将乐他人之幸的能力应用到生活之中。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 7 4.What can be a suitable title for the text?( ) D A.How to Experience Freudenfreude B.What Leads to Freudenfreude C.Freudenfreude: View Others’ Success as Our Own D.Freudenfreude Brings Us Pleasure in Others’ Success 解析 主旨大意题。第一段通过举例说明尤金妮亚•乔治为朋友通过考试感到高兴，从而引出文章话题，即乐他人之幸；下文围绕这个话题重点说明了乐他人之幸帮助人们改善关系，提高生活满意度，让自己心情愉悦，因此，本文主要介绍了乐他人之幸会让自己开心。D项（乐他人之幸让我们为他人的成功感到快乐）能够概括文章内容，适合作为标题。 刷阅读理解 8 方法总结 如何确定说明文的文章标题 通常情况下，文章标题具有概括性、针对性、醒目性的特点。确定最佳标题的方法： （1）关注重要信息。在阅读文章时，要注意文章中反复出现或强调的信息，找出覆盖全文的核心词汇，看选项内容是否符合文章的中心思想，也就是要看选项内容与作者的写作目的是否一致。（2）寻找主题句。了解文章主旨的关键是找到全文的主题句。说明文的主题句通常在文章开头。（3）把握文章整体，不被细节迷惑。了解文章的背景知识、文章结构，推断作者的意图或态度，从整体上把握文章的主旨。 刷阅读理解 9 长难句分析 句式分析：we feel… succeeds为定语从句，省略了关系词that/which，修饰the joy，其中包含when引导的时间状语从句。 句意：在另一个人的好运中找到快乐是社会科学家所说的乐他人之幸，这个术语描述了当别人成功时我们感受到的快乐，即使它与我们没有直接关系。 刷阅读理解 10 &8& 核心词汇 1.advance vt. 促进；推动 2.cooperate vi. 合作；协作 &9& 构词法 mis- prefix 坏（或错）的；糟糕（或错误）地 misread vt. 误解；误读 刷阅读理解 11 B [北京交大附中2024高一期中] The biggest criticism （批评） of social networking is that our young people are losing their offline friends to online friends. In fact there is a lot of research that shows these criticisms are generally unfounded. Research by the Pew Internet and American Life Project found that people are not replacing offline friends with online companions but are using them to support their offline relationships. However, there is one part of social networking that is deeply worrying. We find ourselves in a hyper-connected world where people access social media day and night, excited to make announcements about the tiniest details of their lives. Research is starting to show that this culture is negatively affecting not our friendships but our character. Professor Larry Rosen, in his book iDisorder, says that young people who overuse social networking sites can become vain, aggressive. But perhaps an even more disturbing effect is that one of our most basic emotions seems to be disappearing—empathy. 刷阅读理解 12 This is the emotion that bonds us together; it allows us to see the world from our friends’ points of view. Without it, we are far less able to connect and form meaningful adult relationships. Sherry Turkle, a professor of Social Studies of Science and Technology at MIT, suggests that people are no longer comfortable being alone. This is something confirmed by a study where 200 university students were asked to go without social media for 24 hours. Many admitted an addiction to their online social network; most complained that they felt cut off from their family and friends. But being alone is a time, Turkle argues, when we self-reflect and get in touch with who we really are. It is only when we do this that we can make meaningful friendships with others. She believes, as is the title of her book, that we are simply “Alone Together”. These potential changes in our characters are rather disturbing. If nothing is done, our young people could well be in trouble. Therefore, suggestions about ways to encourage our young people to avoid the problems of social networking should be made, so they can develop the kinds of friendships that are required to grow into well-adjusted and happy adults. 刷阅读理解 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。社交网络有助于让我们与更加多元的人交流，提升我们的幸福感，但研究开始表明，沉迷于社交网络会对青少年的性格产生负面影响。 1.What does the underlined word “unfounded” in paragraph 1 probably mean?( ) B A.Undoubted. B.False. C.Acceptable. D.Illegal. 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文的The biggest criticism of social networking is that our young people are losing their offline friends to online friends.可知，目前人们对社交网络最大的批评是社交网络会让人们失去线下的朋友。结合下文的Research by… found that people are not replacing offline friends with online companions but are using them to support their offline relationships.可知，人们没有用网络伴侣取代线下的朋友，而是用他们来支持自己的线下关系，这是对画线词上文观点的一种否定。由此推测出，unfounded意为“无事实依据的；站不住脚的”，与false最接近。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 14 2.What can we learn from the passage?( ) D A.The advantages of social media outweigh the disadvantages. B.Young people tend to develop offline friendships. C.Young people can’t go without social media. D.We are becoming unable to understand others well. 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的But perhaps an even more disturbing effect is that one of our most basic emotions seems to be disappearing—empathy… Without it, we are far less able to connect and form meaningful adult relationships.可知，我们的同情心能够让我们与朋友建立联系，从朋友的角度认识世界，如果没有同情心，我们就很难建立起有意义的人际关系。由此可推测出，同情心的消失让我们变得无法很好地理解他人。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 15 3.According to Sherry Turkle, how can we make meaningful friendships with others?( ) C A.By getting in touch with online friends. B.By avoiding the problems of social networking. C.By reflecting and getting in touch with ourselves. D.By having discussions with a much more diverse set of people. 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的But being alone is a time, Turkle argues, when we self-reflect and get in touch with who we really are. It is only when we do this that we can make meaningful friendships with others.可知，谢里•特克认为与他人建立有意义的友谊的方式是自我反思并了解自我。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 16 4.What does the passage mainly talk about?( ) D A.Internet culture causes various problems. B.We are losing some most important emotions. C.Online friendships do good to offline friendships. D.Social networking affects young people’s personalities. 解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段最后一句Research is starting to show that this culture is negatively affecting not our friendships but our character.可知，文章主要论述了新的研究开始表明，社交网络会对青少年的性格产生负面影响。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 17 长难句分析 句意：因此，应该就如何鼓励青少年避免社交网络带来的问题提出建议，以便他们可以建立起成长为适应良好、快乐的成年人所需的各种友谊。 刷阅读理解 18 [安徽宣城2024高一期末] When I was 14, I invited some friends to a party at our home out in the country. I planned it well, but something . .1. . happened. When it was time for us to ride the bus, Nora, one of my friends, didn’t . .2. .. I felt . .3. .. Why did she tell me she was coming to the party and then . .4. . without letting me know? So, I decided to call Nora and get some answers. I needed no . .5. . but I demanded to know why. Nora . .6. . she had to stay away from school because she was sick. Anger seized me and I . .7. . to listen, “What kind of friend are you?” Nora began crying on the phone, hurt and surprised. For the rest of the school year, we . .8. . hung around again, and I forgot about my . .9. . call with Nora.. .10. . had happened between us at some point, but I shrugged them off （对……满不在乎）. Years later, I began to . .11. . that ugly phone conversation. I regretted it. I recognized how selfish, and . .12. . I’d been, caring only about myself. I wanted to make things . .13. .. I wrote an apology letter to Nora and soon got her . .14. .. So finally, we did bring a sad moment from the past to a . .15. . conclusion, healing both of us. 刷完形填空 19 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在青少年时，因为好朋友诺拉未遵守约定，没有参加聚会，作者在电话里说了一些伤感情的话。多年以后，作者回想起来，感到很后悔，便主动写信道歉，得到了诺拉的原谅，让一切回到了正轨。 1.( ) A.unforgettable B.unknown C.unexpected D.unsure C 解析 but表示转折，根据上文的I planned it well及下文的one of my friends, didn’t ____可知，作者计划好的聚会发生了意外情况。unforgettable意为“难以忘怀的”；unknown意为“未知的”；unexpected意为“出乎意料的”；unsure意为“不确定的”。故选C项。 2.( ) A.show around B.show through C.show off D.show up D 解析 根据下文的she had to stay away from school because she was sick可知，诺拉生病了，没去上学，所以她应该是没出现。show up意为“出现；露面”，符合语境。故选D项。 3.( ) A.mad B.worried C.amazed D.funny A 解析 根据下文的Why did she tell me she was coming to the party and then ____ without letting me know?和第三段中的Anger seized me可知，作者对诺拉的爽约感到生气。故选A项。 刷完形填空 20 4.( ) A.came in B.looked away C.dropped out D.stepped up C 解析 根据上文的Nora, one of my friends, didn’t ____及下文语境可知，诺拉没来参加聚会。look away意为“转移目光”；drop out意为“不再参加”；step up意为“走上前去”。故选C项。 5.( ) A.company B.apology C.excuse D.response B 解析 根据下文的but I demanded to know why可知，作者对诺拉的爽约很生气，她打电话只想知道原因，并不是想要诺拉的道歉。故选B项。 6.( ) A.assumed B.explained C.considered D.lied B 解析 根据下文的she had to stay away from school because she was sick并结合选项可知，诺拉解释了她没能参加的原因。assume意为“假设”；explain意为“解释”；consider意为“认为”；lie意为“撒谎”。故选B项。 7.( ) A.intended B.hesitated C.tried D.refused D 解析 根据上文的Anger seized me和空后的“What kind of friend are you?”可知，作者正在气头上，并且说出了这种伤感情的话，可见她当时拒绝听诺拉的解释。故选D项。 刷完形填空 21 8.( ) A.hardly B.actually C.frequently D.currently A 解析 根据上文语境可知，作者非常生诺拉的气，在电话里说了伤感情的话，因此，在那个学年剩下的时间里，她们几乎没再一起玩过。hardly意为“几乎不”；actually意为“事实上”；frequently意为“频繁地”；currently意为“目前”。故选A项。 9.( ) A.ordinary B.hurtful C.frank D.formal B 解析 根据上文的Nora began crying on the phone, hurt and surprised.和下文的that ugly phone conversation可知，作者当时给诺拉打的那通电话很伤感情。ordinary意为“普通的；平常的”；hurtful意为“伤感情的”；frank意为“坦率的”；formal意为“正式的”。故选B项。 10.( ) A.Uncertainties B.Discussions C.Arguments D.Concerns C 解析 根据上文对作者打电话的描述及下文的but I shrugged them off可知，她们两人有时会发生争吵，但作者并不在乎。uncertainty意为“拿不定的事”；discussion意为“讨论”；argument意为“争吵”；concern意为“担心”。故选C项。 刷完形填空 22 11.( ) A.reflect on B.rise to C.escape from D.get over A 解析 根据下文的I regretted it.可知，多年后，作者开始反思当年的那通电话。reflect on意为“反思”；rise to意为“能够处理”；escape from意为“逃离”；get over意为“克服”。故选A项。 12.( ) A.self-supported B.self-respected C.self-controlled D.self-centred D 解析 根据句中的selfish和caring only about myself可知，作者此时意识到自己当年是多么自私、多么以自我为中心。self-centred意为“自我为中心的”，符合语境。故选D项。 13.( ) A.valuable B.right C.easy D.clear B 解析 根据上文的I regretted it.和下文的I wrote an apology letter to Nora可知，作者对当年的行为感到后悔，给诺拉写道歉信希望让事情重回正轨。故选B项。make things right意为“纠正（错误的）行为；弥补错误”。 刷完形填空 23 14.( ) A.promise B.decision C.forgiveness D.attitude C 解析 根据上文的I wrote an apology letter及下文提到有了一个好的结局可知，作者给诺拉写信道歉，应该是很快得到了她的原谅。forgiveness意为“原谅”，符合语境。故选C项。 15.( ) A.healthy B.serious C.natural D.strange A 解析 根据下文的healing both of us可知，作者得到了诺拉的谅解，两人和好如初，双方都得到了治愈，由此可知有了一个健康的结局。故选A项。 刷完形填空 24 $$