第02讲 课文初探+记叙文-指代+猜测+观点态度）学案-2024-2025学年初高中英语衔接课程

nullnull 第02讲 课文初探 +（记叙文-指代+猜测+观点态度） 一、听见课文 Ann, 15　Lakeside High School　USA My name is Ann Wells and I'm a Grade 10 student at Lakeside High School. I'm an (act) person and I love sports. I'm (curiosity) about everything. I often ask questions, but I learn best by doing. My (favour) subject is physics. Dancing and skating are my ， and I also like to read short stories. I plan to become an (engineering) in the future. Thando, 16 　South Hill High School　South Africa I'm Thando Gowon. I'm 16 this year. I come from South Africa. I'm a Grade 10 student at South Hill High School. I look good， think fast， and play hard. You'll never see me a book or a pen. If I'm not in class, I'm in the library in the computer lab. At the weekends, I play computer games if I'm not busy studying. My dream is to my own IT ! 词汇及短语归纳总结 ①active adj.活跃的；积极的 ②curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的 be curious about对……感到好奇 ③favourite adj.最喜欢的；特别喜爱的 ④hobby n．业余爱好；嗜好 ⑤look good 长得挺好 ⑥think fast 思维敏捷 ⑦play hard 玩个痛快 ⑧either (两者中的)任何一个；(两者中的)每个 either...or... 或者……或者…… ⑨be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 ⑩start vt.开办， 创办 二、题型初识 1、从记叙文说起 Passage A Oysters act as natural "water purifiers". They are filter feeders (滤食动物) . That means they take in water through their gills and filter out the food in it, such as algae (藻类) ，which they then eat. A single adult oyster can filter up to 189 litres of water in a day. As they feed, oysters also filter other harmful things out of the water. One of these is nitrogen, a chemical found in septic tanks (化粪池) . Sometimes nitrogen gets washed into rivers and oceans when it rains. Too much nitrogen in the water causes much algae to grow. The algae uses up the oxygen in the water, which can harm other sea life. Oysters filter nitrogen out of the water and use it to grow their shells. 1. The underlined word "these" in Paragraph 3 refers to ____. A．oysters B．chemicals C．septic tanks D．harmful things Passage B Science shows why we trust people who are confident. Imagine this: one person tells a lie confidently, while another says something true in a hesitant voice. Which person would you trust? 2. Which of the following has the same meaning as the underlined word "hesitant" in Paragraph 1? A．Confident. B．Excited. C．Active. D．Uncertain. Passage C ………. So, why aren't we all wearing smart glasses yet? So far, no one has invented a better way to send images of our world onto glasses. However, with the rapid development of technology, smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think. 3. How might the writer feel about the future of smart glasses? A．Bored. B．Confident. C．Satisfied. D．Uncertain. 2、题型讲解 2.1 记叙文概述 记叙文包括故事类、人物类和心灵鸡汤类阅读，每种类型都有其特点和阅读策略。 故事类阅读 · 要素: 分析故事的六要素：时间、地点、人物、事件、经过、结果。 · 技巧: a) 阅读首末段，把握起因和结局。 b) 关注中间段落，特别是时间和地点。 c) 分析主人公的行为和情绪变化。 d) 判断故事的中心思想。 人物类阅读 · 特点: 涉及人物生平、贡献，充满事实和证据。 · 技巧: a) 按时间顺序关注人物事件。 b) 发现特殊贡献和事件间的关联。 c) 若文本为片段，采用类似故事类的阅读方法。 心灵鸡汤类阅读 · 特点: 描述心理历程，提供精神或心理指导。 · 技巧: a) 阅读并思考故事背后的道理。 b) 继续阅读作者的观点以深入理解。 c) 练习时以文本为依据，避免过度推断。 阅读技巧总结 1. 对于所有类型，先快速浏览以了解大意。 2. 注重文本中的关键信息，如时间和地点。 3. 分析人物行为和心理变化，理解故事深层含义。 4. 在心灵鸡汤类阅读中，寻找故事与哲理的联系。 5. 练习时，始终基于文本内容，避免主观臆断。 2.2 代词指代题 a) 题型特点：代词如it, they, one等用于避免重复，体现语篇逻辑。 b) 设问形式：The word "xxx" in XXX refers to? c) 解题步骤： · 定位文中指代词。 · 向上文搜索，找到最近的名词或句子。 · 代入找到的词或句子，检查文意是否通顺。 · 与选项比较，确定最佳答案。 2.3 词义猜测题 a) 题型特点：考查利用上下文猜测词义的能力。 b) 题型分类： · 熟词新义：特定语境下的词义推断。 · 生词释义：根据有限上下文推断词义。 · 难句释义：根据较大范围上下文推断句意。 c) 设问形式： · What's the meaning of the underlined word/phrase "xxx" in Chinese? · The underlined word "xxx" refers to/probably means... · The underlined word " xxx " could be replaced by... · What is the meaning of "xxx"? · Which of the following words can take the place of the word "xxx"? 2.4 观点态度题 a) 题型特点：识别并区分文本中作者的观点和态度，特别是针对文章主题或特定对象的态度。 b) 设问形式：通常询问作者对某一主题或项目的态度，例如 "The author's attitude towards/to 'xxx' seems to be that of..." c) 错误率较高的态度类选项： · 冷漠类：indifferent, careless, disinterested。 · 迷惑类：confused, puzzled, uncertain。 · 主观类：subjective, fearful, prejudiced, biased, gloomy, questionable, scared, sarcastic, doubtful, skeptical。 · 中立选项（通常不选）：neutral。 d) 可能正确的态度类选项（需结合文本内容确认）： · 正面评价：positive, approval, supportive, favor。 · 负面评价：negative, disapproval, critical。 · 中立评价（有倾向）：objective, impartial, unbiased。 3、同频练习 Passage A She then did another study with college students. Duckworth wanted to see how smarts and grit influenced performance in school. So she compared scores on college-entrance exams, which test IQ, to school grades and someone’s score in the grit test. Students with higher grades seem to have more grit. That’s not surprising. Getting good grades takes both smarts and hard work. But some people counter that this grit means success. Among those people is Marcus Credé, a teacher at Iowa State University in Ames. He recently showed the results of 88 studies on grit. Together, nearly 67,000 people took part in these studies. And grit did not predict success, Credé found. 1. What does the underlined word “counter” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Reply. B. Question. C. Accept. D. Warn. Passage B In 2013, researchers studied the changing conditions in the Cocoa Belt. They said that by2050, it will be harder to grow cacao in 90% of places where it is now planted. But Christian Bunn of the International Center for Tropical Agriculture says chocolate won’t disappear anytime soon. Plans to protect it are already taking shape. One solution to the problem is cross-breeding (杂交). Scientists have developed new cacao trees that stand up to disease. Some even produce more cacao. Weather stations will also help. Groups are building them in Africa. Around 70% of cacao is grown there. Information from the stations will help farmers know when to plant trees. “Years back, farmers would follow farming rules that go with the seasons,” Bunn said. “Those rules don't always apply anymore.” These fixes could help farmers grow more cacao on less land. That could help end the push to clear rainforest. That’s good for chocolate, and a sweet deal for the planet. “Everything has a side effect,” Bunn said. “We have to be smarter about our food.” 2．What do the underlined words “stand up to” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Go with. B．Die from. C．Protect against. D．Bring about. 3．What is the author’s attitude to the chocolate protection plans? A．Doubtful. B．Uncaring. C．Positive. D．Disapproving. Passage C Binge-watching (追剧) your favorite TV series is bad for your brain. Dr. Randall Wright, based in Texas, said the need to watch episode (集) after episode has a similar influence on the brain to gambling (赌博). What’s more, it often leads to social loneliness, snacking on junk food and a shortage of exercise and sleep, which, over time, is bad for the brain. 4. What might “it” in paragraph I refer to? A．Gambling. B．Binge-watching. C．TV series. D．Brain. Passage D It all began in Everett, Washington, where my project team was in the process of conducting one of our business systems. So tough was the project that we often stayed up completing the tasks assigned. All of us were worn out. One night, as I walked through the parking lot with one of my employees. I found a cent and picked it up. Glancing at my exhausted employee. I suddenly had an idea to delight him. Jokingly, I presented the cent to the employee and said, "This is an informal award for your efforts." He put the cent in his pocket. "Thank you," he said, a wave of joy sweeping across his face. About six months later, I was walking with the same employee, this time in Los Alamitos, California, when I again found a cent and gave it to him with the same words. Later, I got into his office and there, taped on a piece of paper, were the two cents, which made me surprised. He said he was displaying them as his recognition for a job well done. Other employees noticed the cents proudly displayed and began asking why they hadn't received any. They were also longing for the "reward". It was then that I started handing out cents, explaining that they were for recognition, not for reward. Soon, so many people wanted them that I designed a cent holder. The front features a place for a cent and beside it the phrase, "Your work is recognized!" The back has room for 30 more cents and the phrase, "Your achievements count!" One time, I spotted an employee, Mia, doing something right and wanted to recognize her, but I didn't have a cent, so I gave her a quarter. Later the same day she stopped by and returned 24 cents. That's how the "One Cent Award" was born. It's become a significant source of recognition in our organization. 1．Why did the author give a cent to the employee initially? A．To amuse him. B．To surprise him. C．To reward him. D．To praise him. 2．What inspired the author to hand out cents? A．The design of a cent holder. B．The shared beliefs in his team. C．The eagerness of fellow employees. D．The desire for better achievements. 3．Why did Mia return the author 24 cents? A．She was advised to do so. B．One cent stood for recognition. C．The author was mean with money. D．It is the company's strict regulation. 4．Which can best describe the employees receiving one cent? A．Greedy. B．Talented. C．Informed. D．Motivated. 三、课后作业 1、听力小练 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．What will the woman buy? A．A hat. B．A postcard. C．A toy. 7．How much will the woman pay? A．$80. B．$65. C．$45. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．What does the woman plan to do today? A．Go camping. B．Visit Linda. C．Finish her report. 9．When will the man go into town? A．On Friday. B．On Saturday. C．On Sunday. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10．What is the man? A．A doctor. B．An engineer. C．An actor. 11．What does the man do for the city? A. He builds roads and bridges. B．He designs buildings. C．He designs roads and bridges. 12．What's the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Old friends. B．New friends. C．Relatives. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13．How old is Mary now? A．18. B．20. C．21. 14．What is Mary's brother? A．A fashion designer. B．A model. C．A photographer. 15．From whom did Mary receive the earrings? A．Jenny. B．Her boyfriend. C．Her brother. 16．What will the man most probably do tomorrow? A．Choose a gift himself. B．Ask for advice on picking a dress. C．Celebrate his girlfriend's birthday. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17．What day is it today? A．Monday. B．Tuesday. C．Wednesday. 18．Which season is the weather report about? A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Winter. 19．What does the weather reporter suggest people do? A．Wear warm clothes. B．Drink more water. C．Sleep outside. 20．What is the next program about? A．The international news. B．The local news. C．The traffic report. 2、阅读练习 Passage A Jiang Shumei learned her first Chinese character at the age of 60. Now, the 87-year-old grandmother is the proud author of six books. She learned her first character in 1996, after her husband died in a devastating car accident, when her daughter Zhang Ailing suggested that she learn to read to take her mind off the loneliness and sadness. The elderly woman bad her own way of learning. She composed lyrics for songs, and asked children to write them down, so that she could read each character as she sang the songs again and again. Whenever she came across characters she didn’t know on pamphlets, bus stops, or shop signs, she found someone to ask. “It sounds unbelievable, and my brother used to laugh at my daydreams.” the grandmother says. She first put pen to paper in 2012, at the age of 75. It was not easy. Sometimes, completing a single sentence could take a day. As a college teacher and a writer herself, Zhang gave her mother a lot of encouragement and help. The first book, Time of Trouble, Time of Poverty, was published later that year, and proved to be a success. Some critics even hailed it as the “lived history of a nation plagued by war, death and hunger”. So far, the elderly woman has published six books, totaling more than 600,000 characters in length. In her spare time, she is also learning painting and calligraphy. “I would like to be a writer, a painter and a calligrapher,” she says, adding that her dream now is to have her own art exhibition when she is 90. “If I could live as long as 130, would you still say that it is too late for me to start after 60?” she asks, jokingly. 1．Why did Jiang Shumei start to learn Chinese characters? A．To challenge herself B．Her daughter’s car accident. C．Her husband’s suggestion D．To get rid of sorrow. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How she learned characters. B．How she met new characters. C．How she composed songs. D．How she learnt to sing the songs. 3．What did Jiang Shumei’s brother think of her? A．She’s determined. B．She’s odd. C．She’s severe. D．She’s admirable. 4．What can we learn from Jiang Shumei’s words in the last paragraph? A．Facts speak louder than words. B．Where there’s life, there’s hope. C．It’s never too late to learn. D．No pains, no gains. Passage B An old, wise man who grew sicker felt his journey on Earth was coming to an end. However, his son was still a young man and had yet to reach his full potential. And so the father took it upon himself to teach his son the ways of the world. The old man handed the young man a watch, a family heirloom(传家宝) passed down for generations. “Ask the jeweler how much it's worth. But don't accept any offer. Instead, come back home with the watch.” The boy did as he was instructed. The jeweler said it was only worth S100 as he'd have a hard time finding a buyer. “Okay,” the father said. “Then take the watch to the pawnshop (当铺). See how much you can get for the watch.” In his mind, the boy disagreed. But he didn't want to argue with his father in poor health so he did the job anyway. He even went above and beyond to see two friends working in pawnshops only to be told the watch had scratches, which even he didn't notice after carrying it all day. The father paused for a moment and said, “I want you to go to the museum this time. There's a woman I want you to talk to. I sense this person will know better what this watch is really worth.” After meeting his father's friend, he ran back home to tell his old man the good news, “You won't believe it! We finally got an amazing offer. She said she never thought she'd see one in person. The museum would like to buy it for $35.000! I haven't realized I was holding on to something that valuable.” His dad said. “What's more important to me is that you learned something about value and self-worth. You see —just like that watch—you too have value. And if you go to the wrong places, you'll never know just how much value you have. Even your own friends can get it wrong. But there's always a place you can go to where everyone will see your real value.” 1．Why was the boy told his watch was scratched? A．He was too careless. B．He wasn't taken seriously. C．He might not get a proper price. D．His friends were not the shopowner. 2．How did he feel after the trip to the museum? A．Defeated. B．Calm. C．Angry. D．Excited. 3．What was the old man like? A．Patient and wise. B．Determined but stubborn. C．Generous but strict. D．Thoughtful but demanding. 4．What can we learn from the story? A．Don't put the cart before the horse. B．Don't judge something from its appearance. C．Believe in yourself until someone discovers your value. D．Whatever you don't like done to yourself, don't do it to others. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第02讲 课文初探 +（记叙文-指代+猜测+观点态度） 一、听见课文 Ann, 15　Lakeside High School　USA My name is Ann Wells and I'm a Grade 10 student at Lakeside High School. I'm an (act) person and I love sports. I'm (curiosity) about everything. I often ask questions, but I learn best by doing. My (favour) subject is physics. Dancing and skating are my ， and I also like to read short stories. I plan to become an (engineering) in the future. Thando, 16 　South Hill High School　South Africa I'm Thando Gowon. I'm 16 this year. I come from South Africa. I'm a Grade 10 student at South Hill High School. I look good， think fast， and play hard. You'll never see me a book or a pen. If I'm not in class, I'm in the library in the computer lab. At the weekends, I play computer games if I'm not busy studying. My dream is to my own IT ()! 词汇及短语归纳总结 ①active adj.活跃的；积极的 ②curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的 be curious about对……感到好奇 ③favourite adj.最喜欢的；特别喜爱的 ④hobby n．业余爱好；嗜好 ⑤look good 长得挺好 ⑥think fast 思维敏捷 ⑦play hard 玩个痛快 ⑧either (两者中的)任何一个；(两者中的)每个 either...or... 或者……或者…… ⑨be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 ⑩start vt.开办， 创办 二、题型初识 1、从记叙文说起 Passage A Oysters act as natural "water purifiers". They are filter feeders (滤食动物) . That means they take in water through their gills and filter out the food in it, such as algae (藻类) ，which they then eat. A single adult oyster can filter up to 189 litres of water in a day. As they feed, oysters also filter other harmful things out of the water. One of these is nitrogen, a chemical found in septic tanks (化粪池) . Sometimes nitrogen gets washed into rivers and oceans when it rains. Too much nitrogen in the water causes much algae to grow. The algae uses up the oxygen in the water, which can harm other sea life. Oysters filter nitrogen out of the water and use it to grow their shells. 1. The underlined word "these" in Paragraph 3 refers to ____. A．oysters B．chemicals C．septic tanks D．harmful things 参考答案： 1. 代词指代题。根据上文As they feed, oysters also filter other harmful things out of the water. 牡蛎在觅食时还会过滤掉水中的其他有害物质。可知指示代词these指代"有害物质"。故选D。 Passage B Science shows why we trust people who are confident. Imagine this: one person tells a lie confidently, while another says something true in a hesitant voice. Which person would you trust? 2. Which of the following has the same meaning as the underlined word"hesitant"in Paragraph 1? A．Confident. B．Excited. C．Active. D．Uncertain. 参考答案： 2. 词意猜测题。根据原文: one person tells a lie confidently, while another says something true in a hesitant voice.一个人自信地说谎，而另一个人则用犹豫的声音说真话。前后对比：自信地说谎，犹豫的声音说真话。可推知划线单词意为不确定的。故选D。 Passage C ………. So, why aren't we all wearing smart glasses yet? So far, no one has invented a better way to send images of our world onto glasses. However, with the rapid development of technology, smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think. 3. How might the writer feel about the future of smart glasses? A．Bored. B．Confident. C．Satisfied. D．Uncertain. 参考答案： 3. 观点态度题。根据第五段"However, with the rapid development of technology, smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think."可知，作者对智能眼镜的前景是有信心的。故选B。 2、题型讲解 2.1 记叙文概述 记叙文包括故事类、人物类和心灵鸡汤类阅读，每种类型都有其特点和阅读策略。 故事类阅读 · 要素: 分析故事的六要素：时间、地点、人物、事件、经过、结果。 · 技巧: a) 阅读首末段，把握起因和结局。 b) 关注中间段落，特别是时间和地点。 c) 分析主人公的行为和情绪变化。 d) 判断故事的中心思想。 人物类阅读 · 特点: 涉及人物生平、贡献，充满事实和证据。 · 技巧: a) 按时间顺序关注人物事件。 b) 发现特殊贡献和事件间的关联。 c) 若文本为片段，采用类似故事类的阅读方法。 心灵鸡汤类阅读 · 特点: 描述心理历程，提供精神或心理指导。 · 技巧: a) 阅读并思考故事背后的道理。 b) 继续阅读作者的观点以深入理解。 c) 练习时以文本为依据，避免过度推断。 阅读技巧总结 1. 对于所有类型，先快速浏览以了解大意。 2. 注重文本中的关键信息，如时间和地点。 3. 分析人物行为和心理变化，理解故事深层含义。 4. 在心灵鸡汤类阅读中，寻找故事与哲理的联系。 5. 练习时，始终基于文本内容，避免主观臆断。 2.2 代词指代题 a) 题型特点：代词如it, they, one等用于避免重复，体现语篇逻辑。 b) 设问形式：The word "xxx" in XXX refers to? c) 解题步骤： · 定位文中指代词。 · 向上文搜索，找到最近的名词或句子。 · 代入找到的词或句子，检查文意是否通顺。 · 与选项比较，确定最佳答案。 2.3 词义猜测题 a) 题型特点：考查利用上下文猜测词义的能力。 b) 题型分类： · 熟词新义：特定语境下的词义推断。 · 生词释义：根据有限上下文推断词义。 · 难句释义：根据较大范围上下文推断句意。 c) 设问形式： · What's the meaning of the underlined word/phrase "xxx" in Chinese? · The underlined word "xxx" refers to/probably means... · The underlined word " xxx " could be replaced by... · What is the meaning of "xxx"? · Which of the following words can take the place of the word "xxx"? 2.4 观点态度题 a) 题型特点：识别并区分文本中作者的观点和态度，特别是针对文章主题或特定对象的态度。 b) 设问形式：通常询问作者对某一主题或项目的态度，例如 "The author's attitude towards/to 'xxx' seems to be that of..." c) 错误率较高的态度类选项： · 冷漠类：indifferent, careless, disinterested。 · 迷惑类：confused, puzzled, uncertain。 · 主观类：subjective, fearful, prejudiced, biased, gloomy, questionable, scared, sarcastic, doubtful, skeptical。 · 中立选项（通常不选）：neutral。 d) 可能正确的态度类选项（需结合文本内容确认）： · 正面评价：positive, approval, supportive, favor。 · 负面评价：negative, disapproval, critical。 · 中立评价（有倾向）：objective, impartial, unbiased。 3、同频练习 Passage A She then did another study with college students. Duckworth wanted to see how smarts and grit influenced performance in school. So she compared scores on college-entrance exams, which test IQ, to school grades and someone’s score in the grit test. Students with higher grades seem to have more grit. That’s not surprising. Getting good grades takes both smarts and hard work. But some people counter that this grit means success. Among those people is Marcus Credé, a teacher at Iowa State University in Ames. He recently showed the results of 88 studies on grit. Together, nearly 67,000 people took part in these studies. And grit did not predict success, Credé found. 1. What does the underlined word “counter” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Reply. B. Question. C. Accept. D. Warn. 参考答案： 词义猜测题。根据上文的“So she compared scores on college-entrance exams, which test IQ, to school grades and someone’s score in the grit test. Students with higher grades seem to have more grit. (因此，她将测试智商的大学入学考试的分数与学校成绩和某人在毅力测试中的分数进行了比较。成绩越高的学生似乎更有毅力)”可知，Duckworth认为毅力和成功有很大关系。结合划线词所在句子中的but可知，该句陈述的观点与上文相反，即一些人反对毅力意味着成功这个观点。由此猜测划线词意为“反对，质疑”，与question同义。故选B。 Passage B In 2013, researchers studied the changing conditions in the Cocoa Belt. They said that by2050, it will be harder to grow cacao in 90% of places where it is now planted. But Christian Bunn of the International Center for Tropical Agriculture says chocolate won’t disappear anytime soon. Plans to protect it are already taking shape. One solution to the problem is cross-breeding (杂交). Scientists have developed new cacao trees that stand up to disease. Some even produce more cacao. Weather stations will also help. Groups are building them in Africa. Around 70% of cacao is grown there. Information from the stations will help farmers know when to plant trees. “Years back, farmers would follow farming rules that go with the seasons,” Bunn said. “Those rules don't always apply anymore.” These fixes could help farmers grow more cacao on less land. That could help end the push to clear rainforest. That’s good for chocolate, and a sweet deal for the planet. “Everything has a side effect,” Bunn said. “We have to be smarter about our food.” 2．What do the underlined words “stand up to” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Go with. B．Die from. C．Protect against. D．Bring about. 3．What is the author’s attitude to the chocolate protection plans? A．Doubtful. B．Uncaring. C．Positive. D．Disapproving. 参考答案： 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Climate change has also led to the spread of disease that harms trees. (气候变化也导致了危害树木的疾病的传播。)”和划线词句前文“One solution to the problem is cross-breeding.(解决这个问题的一个办法是杂交育种。)”及后文“Some even produce more cacao. (有些甚至能生产更多的可可。)”说明科学家有办法防止树木的疾病，从而推知划线词句“Scientists have developed new cacao trees that stand up to disease. (科学家们已经开发出了能够stand up to疾病的新型可可树。)”其中划线短语意思是“防止”。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“These fixes could help farmers grow more cacao on less land. (这些补救措施可以帮助农民在更少的土地上种植更多的可可。)”可知，作者对这些措施持肯定态度。故选C项。 Passage C Binge-watching (追剧) your favorite TV series is bad for your brain. Dr. Randall Wright, based in Texas, said the need to watch episode (集) after episode has a similar influence on the brain to gambling (赌博). What’s more, it often leads to social loneliness, snacking on junk food and a shortage of exercise and sleep, which, over time, is bad for the brain. 4. What might “it” in paragraph I refer to? A．Gambling. B．Binge-watching. C．TV series. D．Brain. 参考答案： 4．代词指代题。根据上文“Dr. Randall Wright, based in Texas, said the need to watch episode (集) after episode has a similar influence on the brain to gambling (赌博).(德克萨斯州的兰德尔·赖特博士说，一集接一集地看电视对大脑的影响与赌博相似。)”和后文“What’s more, it often leads to social loneliness(更糟糕的是，它经常导致社交孤单感等不良影响)”，所以it指的是追电视剧。故选B。 Passage D It all began in Everett, Washington, where my project team was in the process of conducting one of our business systems. So tough was the project that we often stayed up completing the tasks assigned. All of us were worn out. One night, as I walked through the parking lot with one of my employees. I found a cent and picked it up. Glancing at my exhausted employee. I suddenly had an idea to delight him. Jokingly, I presented the cent to the employee and said, "This is an informal award for your efforts." He put the cent in his pocket. "Thank you," he said, a wave of joy sweeping across his face. About six months later, I was walking with the same employee, this time in Los Alamitos, California, when I again found a cent and gave it to him with the same words. Later, I got into his office and there, taped on a piece of paper, were the two cents, which made me surprised. He said he was displaying them as his recognition for a job well done. Other employees noticed the cents proudly displayed and began asking why they hadn't received any. They were also longing for the "reward". It was then that I started handing out cents, explaining that they were for recognition, not for reward. Soon, so many people wanted them that I designed a cent holder. The front features a place for a cent and beside it the phrase, "Your work is recognized!" The back has room for 30 more cents and the phrase, "Your achievements count!" One time, I spotted an employee, Mia, doing something right and wanted to recognize her, but I didn't have a cent, so I gave her a quarter. Later the same day she stopped by and returned 24 cents. That's how the "One Cent Award" was born. It's become a significant source of recognition in our organization. 1．Why did the author give a cent to the employee initially? A．To amuse him. B．To surprise him. C．To reward him. D．To praise him. 2．What inspired the author to hand out cents? A．The design of a cent holder. B．The shared beliefs in his team. C．The eagerness of fellow employees. D．The desire for better achievements. 3．Why did Mia return the author 24 cents? A．She was advised to do so. B．One cent stood for recognition. C．The author was mean with money. D．It is the company's strict regulation. 4．Which can best describe the employees receiving one cent? A．Greedy. B．Talented. C．Informed. D．Motivated. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者一次不经意给员工发了一枚硬币，以表示对其工作的认可，之后员工们努力进取并形成企业文化的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Glancing at my exhausted employee. I suddenly had an idea to delight him. Playfully, I presented the cent to the employee and said, “This is an informal award for your efforts.”(瞥了一眼我疲惫的员工。我突然想到一个使他高兴的主意。我开玩笑地把那枚硬币递给那位员工，说：“这是对你努力的非正式奖励。”)”可知，作者起初只是让员工开心，与他开了个玩笑。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Other employees noticed the cents proudly displayed and began asking why they hadn’t received any. They were also longing for the “reward”.(其他员工注意到这些骄傲地展示出来的美分，开始问为什么他们没有收到一美分。他们也渴望得到“奖赏”)”可知，同事们的急切心情启发了作者分发硬币。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“One time, I spotted an employee, Mia, doing something right and wanted to recognize her, but I didn’t have a cent, so I gave her a quarter. Later the same day she stopped by and returned 24 cents.(有一次，我看到一位名叫米娅的员工做对了一件事，我想认可她，但我没有一分硬币，所以我给了她一个25美分的硬币。当天晚些时候，她来找我，还给了我24美分)”可知，米娅还给了作者24美分是因为一分硬币代表认可。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“Other employees noticed the cents proudly displayed and began asking why they hadn’t received any. They were also longing for the “reward”. It was then that I started handing out cents, explaining that they were for recognition, not for reward. Soon, so many people wanted them that I designed a cent holder.(其他员工注意到这些骄傲地展示出来的美分，开始问为什么他们没有收到一美分。他们也渴望得到“奖赏”。就在那时，我开始分发硬币，解释说它们是为了表彰，而不是奖励。很快，很多人都想要这种硬币，于是我设计了一个硬币夹)”可推知，员工们都积极向上。故选D项。 三、课后作业 1、听力小练 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．What will the woman buy? A．A hat. B．A postcard. C．A toy. 7．How much will the woman pay? A．$80. B．$65. C．$45. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．What does the woman plan to do today? A．Go camping. B．Visit Linda. C．Finish her report. 9．When will the man go into town? A．On Friday. B．On Saturday. C．On Sunday. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10．What is the man? A．A doctor. B．An engineer. C．An actor. 11．What does the man do for the city? A.He builds roads and bridges. B．He designs buildings. C．He designs roads and bridges. 12．What's the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Old friends. B．New friends. C．Relatives. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13．How old is Mary now? A．18. B．20. C．21. 14．What is Mary's brother? A．A fashion designer. B．A model. C．A photographer. 15．From whom did Mary receive the earrings? A．Jenny. B．Her boyfriend. C．Her brother. 16．What will the man most probably do tomorrow? A．Choose a gift himself. B．Ask for advice on picking a dress. C．Celebrate his girlfriend's birthday. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17．What day is it today? A．Monday. B．Tuesday. C．Wednesday. 18．Which season is the weather report about? A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Winter. 19．What does the weather reporter suggest people do? A．Wear warm clothes. B．Drink more water. C．Sleep outside. 20．What is the next program about? A．The international news. B．The local news. C．The traffic report. 【第三组】 6～10　ACABB 11～15　CBBCB　16～20　BBBCC 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 (Text 6) W：Excuse me. I am a tourist here and I am looking for something local and special here as gifts. Could you give me some suggestions? M：Well, we have quite a few choices here：postcards with our old buildings, handmade cotton hats and over there some special toys. W：These hats look very beautiful! How much are they? M：Forty­five dollars each or eighty dollars for the pair. The more you buy, the lower price I can offer. W：OK, but I'll buy one for my mother right now. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 (Text 7) W：Where are you going today, Mark? M：I'm going to the library. What about you? W：I'll go camping with Linda. Why do you want to go to the library today? It's Friday. We should have some fun. M：Well, I have to hand in my report tomorrow morning. W：Tomorrow morning? Didn't Mr. Smith ask us to hand it in next Monday morning? M：I'm going into town tomorrow afternoon. I won't return until Sunday night. So I want to hand it in before I go. W：Now I see. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 (Text 8) W：So, tell me a little about yourself. M：Gee­uh...I don't know where to begin. What do you want to know? W：Well, let's see...What do you do? M：I'm an engineer. W：An engineer? Hmm, that's interesting. Do you enjoy your work? M：Yes. I like it a lot. W：Tell me, what exactly do you do as an engineer? M：Well, I design roads and bridges for the city. W：Oh. That sounds like a very exciting job. M：It is. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 (Text 9) M：What a nice dress! Mary, you look really good in it! Are you going to a party tonight? W：Yes. Jenny is throwing a party tonight. It's her eighteenth birthday. She has invited many people. I'm sure I'm going to have a great time there. Weren't you invited? M：No. I'm not a friend of hers. So did you buy the dress especially for the party? W：Actually, I didn't buy it. It was a gift from my brother. He gave it to me on my twentieth birthday two weeks ago. He's good at picking dresses, isn't he? M：Certainly he is! What is your brother? A fashion designer? W：No. He works for a magazine. He takes photos of models for the magazine. My friends like going shopping with my brother because he gives them very good advice. But he has a very busy work schedule. M：Oh, I like your earrings, too. Are they also a gift from your brother, too? W：No. They're a gift from my boyfriend James. I'm sure he asked my brother for help. You know, he isn't good at picking gifts. But I love this pair of earrings. M：I'm considering buying a dress for Lucy. Her birthday is just three weeks away. Do you think your brother could help me? W：Well, I have planned to go shopping with my brother tomorrow afternoon. Why not join us? M：OK. That'd be great! Thanks, Mary. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 (Text 10) M：Good morning, this is Jesse Williams with your Tuesday weather report. We had a hot and sunny day yesterday. The temperature was 36 ℃. It is expected that today's temperature could climb to as high as 38 ℃ by the late afternoon. Right now, only an hour after sunrise, the temperature in our city is already 29 ℃. Unfortunately, there is also no rain for the next five days. This is bad news for the thirsty forest in our city. Wednesday is forecast to be hotter, reaching 40 degrees with a surprising 28 ℃ overnight. It is the hottest August day since 30 ℃ in 2015. The good news is that it will be windy tonight. So it seems that setting up a tent in the backyard may be the only way to catch some sleep tonight if you don't have an air­conditioner. When you go out, please wear your hat and sunglasses. That's all for today's weather report. The traffic report in the morning is as follows. Thank you for listening. 2、阅读练习 Passage A Jiang Shumei learned her first Chinese character at the age of 60. Now, the 87-year-old grandmother is the proud author of six books. She learned her first character in 1996, after her husband died in a devastating car accident, when her daughter Zhang Ailing suggested that she learn to read to take her mind off the loneliness and sadness. The elderly woman bad her own way of learning. She composed lyrics for songs, and asked children to write them down, so that she could read each character as she sang the songs again and again. Whenever she came across characters she didn’t know on pamphlets, bus stops, or shop signs, she found someone to ask. “It sounds unbelievable, and my brother used to laugh at my daydreams.” the grandmother says. She first put pen to paper in 2012, at the age of 75. It was not easy. Sometimes, completing a single sentence could take a day. As a college teacher and a writer herself, Zhang gave her mother a lot of encouragement and help. The first book, Time of Trouble, Time of Poverty, was published later that year, and proved to be a success. Some critics even hailed it as the “lived history of a nation plagued by war, death and hunger”. So far, the elderly woman has published six books, totaling more than 600,000 characters in length. In her spare time, she is also learning painting and calligraphy. “I would like to be a writer, a painter and a calligrapher,” she says, adding that her dream now is to have her own art exhibition when she is 90. “If I could live as long as 130, would you still say that it is too late for me to start after 60?” she asks, jokingly. 1．Why did Jiang Shumei start to learn Chinese characters? A．To challenge herself B．Her daughter’s car accident. C．Her husband’s suggestion D．To get rid of sorrow. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How she learned characters. B．How she met new characters. C．How she composed songs. D．How she learnt to sing the songs. 3．What did Jiang Shumei’s brother think of her? A．She’s determined. B．She’s odd. C．She’s severe. D．She’s admirable. 4．What can we learn from Jiang Shumei’s words in the last paragraph? A．Facts speak louder than words. B．Where there’s life, there’s hope. C．It’s never too late to learn. D．No pains, no gains. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Jiang Shumei在60岁开始学习汉字并后来成为一名作家的励志故事。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“She learned her first character in 1996, after her husband died in a devastating car accident, when her daughter Zhang Ailing suggested that she learn to read to take her mind off the loneliness and sadness.(1996年，她的丈夫在一场严重的车祸中去世，她的女儿Zhang Ailing建议她学习阅读，以消除孤独和悲伤，她学会了第一个汉字。)”可知，Jiang Shumei学习汉字是为了摆脱悲伤。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The elderly woman bad her own way of learning. She composed lyrics for songs, and asked children to write them down, so that she could read each character as she sang the songs again and again. Whenever she came across characters she didn’t know on pamphlets, bus stops, or shop signs, she found someone to ask.(这位老妇人有自己的学习方法。她为歌曲创作歌词，并让孩子们把它们写下来，这样她就可以在一遍又一遍地唱歌时读懂每个字。每当她在小册子、公交车站或商店招牌上遇到她不认识的字时，她就会找个人去问。)”可知，第三段主要介绍了她是如何学习汉字的。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“It sounds unbelievable, and my brother used to laugh at my daydreams.(这听起来难以置信，我哥哥过去常常嘲笑我的白日梦。)”可知，她的哥哥觉得她很奇怪，故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““I would like to be a writer, a painter and a calligrapher,” she says, adding that her dream now is to have her own art exhibition when she is 90. “If I could live as long as 130, would you still say that it is too late for me to start after 60?” she asks, jokingly.(“我想成为一名作家、画家和书法家，”她说，并补充说，她现在的梦想是在90岁时举办自己的艺术展。“如果我能活到130岁，你还会说我60岁以后再开始太晚吗？”她开玩笑地问道。)”可知，从她的话里我们可以明白“活到老，学到老”的道理。故选C。 Passage B An old, wise man who grew sicker felt his journey on Earth was coming to an end. However, his son was still a young man and had yet to reach his full potential. And so the father took it upon himself to teach his son the ways of the world. The old man handed the young man a watch, a family heirloom(传家宝) passed down for generations. “Ask the jeweler how much it's worth. But don't accept any offer. Instead, come back home with the watch.” The boy did as he was instructed. The jeweler said it was only worth S100 as he'd have a hard time finding a buyer. “Okay,” the father said. “Then take the watch to the pawnshop (当铺). See how much you can get for the watch.” In his mind, the boy disagreed. But he didn't want to argue with his father in poor health so he did the job anyway. He even went above and beyond to see two friends working in pawnshops only to be told the watch had scratches, which even he didn't notice after carrying it all day. The father paused for a moment and said, “I want you to go to the museum this time. There's a woman I want you to talk to. I sense this person will know better what this watch is really worth.” After meeting his father's friend, he ran back home to tell his old man the good news, “You won't believe it! We finally got an amazing offer. She said she never thought she'd see one in person. The museum would like to buy it for $35.000! I haven't realized I was holding on to something that valuable.” His dad said. “What's more important to me is that you learned something about value and self-worth. You see —just like that watch—you too have value. And if you go to the wrong places, you'll never know just how much value you have. Even your own friends can get it wrong. But there's always a place you can go to where everyone will see your real value.” 1．Why was the boy told his watch was scratched? A．He was too careless. B．He wasn't taken seriously. C．He might not get a proper price. D．His friends were not the shopowner. 2．How did he feel after the trip to the museum? A．Defeated. B．Calm. C．Angry. D．Excited. 3．What was the old man like? A．Patient and wise. B．Determined but stubborn. C．Generous but strict. D．Thoughtful but demanding. 4．What can we learn from the story? A．Don't put the cart before the horse. B．Don't judge something from its appearance. C．Believe in yourself until someone discovers your value. D．Whatever you don't like done to yourself, don't do it to others. 【答案】1．C 2．D 23．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述一位生病的老人通过让儿子带着传家宝手表去不同地方估价，来教导儿子关于价值和自我价值的道理。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段““Then take the watch to the pawnshop (当铺). See how much you can get for the watch.” In his mind, the boy disagreed. But he didn't want to argue with his father in poor health so he did the job anyway. He even went above and beyond to see two friends working in pawnshops only to be told the watch had scratches, which even he didn't notice after carrying it all day. (“那就把表拿到当铺去。看看你能拿多少。” 男孩心里不同意，但他不想和生病的父亲争论，所以他还是去了。他甚至多走了一段路，去见两个在当铺工作的朋友，结果被告知手表有划痕，这连他自己都没注意到，尽管他整天都带着它。)”可知，男孩的父亲要求男孩去当铺看看表值多少钱，在当铺工作的朋友告知男孩手表有划痕，再结合下文博物馆给出的高价可知，男孩被告知手表有划痕的原因是因为他可能得不到一个合适的价格。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“After meeting his father's friend, he ran back home to tell his old man the good news, “You won't believe it! We finally got an amazing offer. She said she never thought she'd see one in person. The museum would like to buy it for $35.000! I haven't realized I was holding on to something that valuable.”(在见到他父亲的朋友后，他跑回家告诉他老爸这个好消息：“你简直不会相信！我们终于得到了一个惊人的报价。她说她从未想过会亲眼见到一件。博物馆愿意出价35000美元购买它！我还没意识到我手里握着的东西这么有价值。”)”可知，男孩去博物馆之后感到很兴奋。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“The old man handed the young man a watch, a family heirloom(传家宝) passed down for generations. “Ask the jeweler how much it's worth. But don't accept any offer. Instead, come back home with the watch.” (老人递给年轻人一只手表，这是一件世代相传的传家宝。“问问珠宝商它值多少钱。但不要接受任何报价。相反，带着手表回家。”)”、第三段““Okay,” the father said. “Then take the watch to the pawnshop (当铺)( “好吧，”父亲说。“那就把手表拿到当铺去。”)”、第四段“I want you to go to the museum this time(我这次想让你去博物馆)”以及最后一段“What's more important to me is that you learned something about value and self-worth(对我来说更重要的是，你学到了关于价值和自我价值的东西)”可知，老人为了让儿子懂得价值和自我价值，很耐心地让儿子去不同的地方了解手表的价格，可推理出老人是很有耐心的。根据最后一段“But there's always a place you can go to where everyone will see your real value. (但总有一个你可以去的地方，在那里每个人都会看到你真正的价值。)”可以推断出，这个老人是智慧的。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But there's always a place you can go to where everyone will see your real value. (但总有一个你可以去的地方，在那里每个人都会看到你真正的价值。)”可知，我们从这个故事中学到的是相信自己，直到有人发现你的价值。故选C项。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$