内容正文:
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Period II Discovering Useful Structures—Reading for Writing
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
1
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I remember when you were in his age, you said that you wanted to be a ___________ (profession) football player.
professional
解析 句意为:我记得你在他这个年纪的时候,你说你想成为一名职业足球运动员。设空处修饰名词短语football player,意为“职业的”,应使用形容词professional。
2.Today, some __________ (tradition) methods have been impractical, particularly in the fast changing world of technology.
traditional
解析 句意为:如今,一些传统的方法已经不实用了,特别是在技术日新月异的今天。设空处修饰名词methods,作定语,应用形容词。故填traditional。
3.Chopsticks and forks, representing the Eastern and Western dietary cultures, deserve deeper ___________ (compare) and discussion.
comparison
解析 句意为:筷子和叉子代表了东西方的饮食文化,值得更深入的比较和讨论。此处与discussion并列,应用名词。comparison在此处作不可数名词,故填comparison。
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4.Every year a lot of people visit the Great Wall and other ________ (history) sites.
historic
解析 句意为:每年都有很多人参观长城和其他历史遗迹。由空后的名词sites可知,此处作定语,修饰sites,表示“历史遗迹”,故设空处应填形容词historic,意为“历史上重要的;(地方或建筑)古老的”。
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易混辨析 historic与historical的区别
(1)historic adj.历史上著名(或重要)的;有史以来的
如:historic changes(历史性的变革) a historic building(具有历史意义的建筑)
(2)historical adj.(有关)历史的;历史学的;历史上的
如:a historical figure(历史人物) a historical novel(历史题材的小说)
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5.By contrast, people with a diet high in __________ (process) food had a 58% higher risk of depression than those who ate natural food.
processed
解析 句意为:相比之下,食用大量加工食品的人比食用天然食品的人患抑郁症的风险高58%。设空处修饰名词food,意为“加工过的”,所以应用形容词processed。
6.The company lost $7 million this quarter in contrast _______ a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier.
to/with
解析 句意为:这家公司本季度亏损了700万美元,与去年同期620万美元的盈利形成了对比。in contrast to/with为固定搭配,意为“与……形成对比”。故填to/with。
7.___ my opinion, we should keep a balance among our study, rest and exercise.
In
解析 in one’s opinion 为固定搭配,意为“依某人的看法”。
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8.I’d appreciate it if you could forgive me ____ what I did.
for
解析 句意为:如果你能原谅我所做的一切,我会很感激的。forgive sb for sth为固定搭配,意为“原谅某人某事”。
9.The best way to make a kid become independent is to put him in a position _______ he has no one else to turn to.
where
解析 设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词position,表抽象地点,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。
10.____ I explained on the phone, your request would be discussed at the next meeting.
As
解析 句意为:正如我在电话中解释的那样,你的要求将在下次会议上讨论。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是整个主句,关系词在从句中作宾语,表示“正如”。故填As。
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6
根据提示补全句子。
1.技术发展是为了给人类提供高质量的生活而不是替代人类。(instead)
Technological development is to provide humans with a life ___ _____ _______ _______ ___ _________ them.
of
high
quality
instead
of
replacing
2.这篇论文试图将两位作家创作的历史小说作比较,以讨论他们在风格上的异同。
This paper tries to ______ ___ ___________ ________ the historical novels of the two authors and discuss the similarities and differences in their styles.
make
a
comparison
between
3.虽然作业没有以前那么繁重,但仍具有挑战性。(as… as…)
Although there is not ___ ______ __________ ___ before, it is still challenging.
as
much
homework
as
4.整个夏天,他都在需要他的地方做志愿者。(throughout; 定语从句)
___________ ____ ________, he worked as a volunteer ___ ____ ______ _______ he was needed.
Throughout
the
summer
in
the
place
where
5.在中国,端午节吃粽子是一项传统。(tradition)
___ ___ ___ ________ ___ ______ ___ ____ zongzi during the Loong Boat Festival.
It
is
a
tradition
in
China
to
eat
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7
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.According to the author, those _____ enjoy reading will never feel lonely.
who
解析 句意为:根据这位作者的观点,那些喜欢阅读的人永远不会感到孤独。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为those,根据句意可知,those指人,从句缺少主语,应用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。
2.This is the most exciting football game _____ I have seen so far.
that
解析 句意为:这是我到目前为止看过的最激动人心的足球比赛。设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是football game,指物,关系词在从句中作宾语,且先行词前有形容词最高级修饰,应用关系代词that引导该从句。故填that。
3.Being committed to his dream, in my opinion, is the reason _____ he can succeed in the end.
why
解析 句意为:在我看来,坚持自己的梦想是他最终成功的原因。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,the reason是先行词,关系词在定语从句中作原因状语,所以应用关系副词why引导该从句。故填why。
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4.September 30 is the day ____ which you must pay your bill.
on
解析 句意为:九月三十日是你必须支付账单的日期。先行词为the day,分析句子结构并结合语境可知,此处which指代the day,表示“在具体某一天”,搭配介词on。故填on。
5.Only by changing the way ___ which we treat the environment can we get along well with it.
in
解析 句意为:只有改变我们对待环境的方式,我们才能与环境融洽相处。分析句子可知, which we treat the environment为定语从句,the way作先行词,从句缺少方式状语,可用in which来引导该从句。故填in。
6.I want to find someone with _______ I can discuss books and music.
whom
解析 句意为:我想找到一个可与之谈论书籍和音乐的人。先行词为someone,指人,设空处在从句中作介词with的宾语,应用关系代词whom。
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7.Creating an atmosphere _______ employees feel part of a team is of great importance.
where
解析 句意为:创造一种让员工感到自己是团队一员的氛围是非常重要的。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为atmosphere,为抽象地点名词,关系词在从句中作地点状语,表示“在这种氛围中”,应用where引导该从句。
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8.When you are always expecting more and always looking forward to a time ______ you’ll be happy, you’ll never be really happy.
when
解析 设空处引导定语从句,先行词为time,关系词在从句中作时间状语,应用when引导该从句。
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9.A normal system is an effective means ____ which a government serves the economic society.
by
解析 句意为:规范制度是政府为经济社会服务的有效手段。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词means。means意为“手段;方式”,通常和介词by搭配,表示“通过……手段;通过……方式”。故填by。
10.It is necessary to keep a diary of the things and people _____ are of great help to us in our life.
that
解析 句意为:写日记记下生活中对我们有很大帮助的人和事是很有必要的。设空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行词为the things and people,既有人又有物,所以只能用关系代词that引导该从句。故填that。
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11.The reason __________ he explained for his being late was that his alarm clock didn’t work.
which/that
解析 句意为:他解释他迟到的理由是他的闹钟坏了。此处引导定语从句,修饰先行词The reason,关系词在从句中作explained的宾语,可用that或which引导该从句。故填which/that。
12.His grandma, without _______ help he couldn’t have achieved so much, has passed away.
whose
解析 设空处引导定语从句,先行词为His grandma,关系词在从句中作名词help的定语,表示“如果没有祖母的帮助”,应用whose引导该从句。
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[江苏扬州中学2024月考] 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The art of seal engraving (篆刻) is a basis of China’s fine arts. It has been 1. . inseparable part of classic Chinese art. In September 2009, China’s seal-engraving art 2. . (add) to the list of UNESCO’s items of intangible cultural heritage.
Seal-engraving art, 3. . (date) back to the Shang Dynasty, has a history of more than 3,000 years. The art form developed rapidly during the Qin Dynasty, 4. . people engraved their names on utensils (器皿) and in documents to claim ownership. Soon after Qin Shi Huang unified China, he ordered craftsmen to use jade to make an imperial seal called “Xi”. Not until the Ming Dynasty did artists and scholars begin using seals engraved with their names 5. . (mark) the ownership of their calligraphy works and paintings. In 1904, the Seal Engravers’ Society of Xiling was founded with the 6. . (combine) efforts of seal artists from different schools and places 7. . it was the first of its kind in China.
an
was added
dating
when
to mark
combined
and
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Today seals are still 8. . wide use in official documents and private letters. With engraved seals gaining worldwide 9. . (appreciate) in recent years, an increasing number of people 10. . (become) fascinated by the items.
in
appreciation
have become
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【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的篆刻艺术。
1.____
an
解析 句意为:它一直是中国古典艺术不可分割的一部分。part表示“部分”,为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且inseparable的发音以元音音素开头,应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
2.___________
was added
解析 句意为:2009年9月,中国篆刻艺术被联合国教科文组织列入非物质文化遗产名录。根据时间状语In September 2009可知,此处应用一般过去时;China’s seal-engraving art和add之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;主语中心词art为不可数名词,助动词用was。故填was added。
3._______
dating
解析 句意为:篆刻艺术可以追溯到商朝,有3,000多年的历史。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词has,与设空处之间无连词连接,设空处应用非谓语形式,Seal-engraving art和date之间为逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词作后置定语。
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4.______
when
解析 句意为:这种艺术形式在秦朝迅速发展,当时人们把自己的名字刻在器皿和文件上,以表明所有权。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the Qin Dynasty,关系词在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。
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方法总结 语法填空中如何确定定语从句的关系词
分析定语从句时,关键抓住三点:第一,找准先行词;第二,看关系词在定语从句中所作的成分;第三,选择关系代词或关系副词。先行词往往是名词、代词、整个主句或主句中的一部分,如本题中先行词为the Qin Dynasty,再分析从句部分可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,结合先行词和句意可判断关系词在从句中作时间状语,故用when。
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5.________
to mark
解析 句意为:直到明代,艺术家和学者才开始使用刻有自己名字的印章来标记他们的书法和绘画作品的所有权。use sth to do sth为固定搭配,意为“使用某物做某事”,不定式作目的状语。故填to mark。
6.__________
combined
解析 句意为:1904年,在来自不同流派、不同地方的篆刻艺术家的共同努力下,西泠印社得以创立,它是中国第一个印社。设空处作定语,修饰名词efforts,应用形容词,意为“共同的”。故填combined。
7._____
and
解析 句意见上一题解析。设空处前后句子成分和意思均完整,且是并列关系,应用连词and连接。故填and。
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8.___
in
解析 句意为:如今,印章在官方文件和私人信件中仍然被广泛使用。be in use为固定短语,意为“在使用中”。故填in。
9.____________
appreciation
解析 句意为:近年来,随着镌刻印章获得全世界的赞誉,越来越多的人对这些东西着迷。设空处作gaining的宾语,其前有形容词worldwide修饰,应用名词,appreciation在句中意为“欣赏”,为不可数名词。故填appreciation。
10._____________
have become
解析 句意见上一题解析。根据时间状语in recent years可知,此处应用现在完成时,“a number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词应用复数形式。故填have become。
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