Unit 5 Revealing the nature Using language 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Unit 5 Revealing nature 1 Look at the following sentences: 构成：had+过去分词 标志性时间状语 She had worked for twelve hours by 8:00 p.m. She had learned English before she came to Britain. By the end of last month, we had finished half of the project. What can you find? Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the question. In sentence (a), which action happened first, “suspected” or “evolved from a common ancestor”? In sentence (a), "evolved from a common ancestor" happened first. In sentence (b), which action happened first, "refused to believe" or "evolved from lower forms of life"? In sentence (b), "evolved from lower forms of life" happened first. What does the structure had done indicate? It indicates the action happened before a certain past action. 3 构成： 过去完成时由“助动词 had (通用于各种人称和数)+过去分词”构成。 用法： ① 表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态 ② 过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去 ③ 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句 ④ 固定句型 ⑤ 未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言、想法等 区分： ①与现在完成时的区别 ②与一般过去时的区别 Past perfect——过去完成时 4 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。 I had finished my homework before supper. 我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。 还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常用的时间状语有by then，by the end of 等。 By the end of last week, she had learned 10 English songs 到上周为止，她已经学习了10 首英文歌曲。 用法 5 用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句中。 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 假如他昨天看到你，他就会问你这件事了。 过去完成时也用于hardly...when...，no sooner…than...， It was the first time+that(从)等一些固定句型中。 He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他刚离开房间，他们就议论起他来。 表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言、想法等，常用过去完成时。 I had hoped to see her again. 我本希望再见她一面。(没能如愿) 用法 6 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have (has)+过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。 I have learned 1,000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。 I had learned 1,000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。 过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 7 (1) 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。比较： They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. 他们昨天十点之前就已经到达车站了。 They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 他们昨天十点到达车站。 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 8 (2) 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 She had just won the first prize in the composition competition. She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. 她刚刚在作文竞赛中获得了一等奖。她很高兴，她的所有家人也对她感到满意。 9 Exercise We ____________ (paint) the house before we _______ (move) in. Paul _______ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call. 3) Tom _______ (say) he __________ (read) the book twice. 4) 他说自从 1989 年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 He said ____________________________ since 1989. 5) 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 I thought _____________________ a week before 昨晚九点之前我已看完这本小说了。 ______________________________ by nine o'clock last night. had painted moved went had made said had read he had worked in that factory I had sent the letter I had finished reading the novel 10 Complete the paragraphs with the information from the given sentences. The sentences are in the order in which they happened. They can help you to decide the use of tenses. began had led to developed Complete the paragraphs with the information from the given sentences. The sentences are in the order in which they happened. They can help you to decide the use of tenses. chose to had made Complete the online encyclopaedia entry with the correct form of the words in the box. compete decline eat live introduce arrive Lonesome George was the last Pinta Island tortoise. He died in 2012. After George’s death, the Pinta Island tortoise was declared extinct. The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise blamed on humans. Before humans 1____________ on the island, the species 2____________ in isolation and 3____________ the plants that naturally grew there. George was discovered many years after their arrival, and by then humans 4____________ new species that 5____________ for the food the tortoises ate. After goats in particular had been brought to the island, the Pinta Island tortoise population 6____________. Eventually, only George remained. Lonesome George arrived had lived eaten had introduced competed declined Work in pairs. Act out a role-play using the information in activity 3. One of you will play the keeper of Lonesome George, and the other will play the reporter asking about George. Use the past perfect tense where appropriate. role-play Vocabulary 1. declare declare...( to be...) declare war on... declare that... declare sth. illegal declare independence from declare oneself to be... It is declared that... 练习：The workers declared _______ the offer of increased pay and holidays. for 宣布/宣称……(为……) 向……宣战 宣布/宣称…… 宣布……非法 宣布摆脱……独立 宣称自己…… 据宣布…… 15 Vocabulary 2. blame blame sb./sth. for sth. Blame sb. for (doing) sth. take/accept the blame ( for sth.) put/lay/place the blame on sb. the blame lies with sb. 练习：Marie still blames herself _______ Patrick's death. for 把某事归咎于某人/某物 因(做)某事而责备某人 承担(某事的)责任 把责任归于某人 责任在于某人 16 Vocabulary 3. decline decline by... decline to... decline in... decline to do sth. 练习：Car sales have declined _________ a quarter. by 减少了…… 减少到…… 在……方面降低 拒绝做某事 17 Vocabulary 4. be harmful to do harm to sb./sth.= do sb./sth. harm cause sb./sth. harm suffer harm do more harm than good there is no harm in doing sth. mean no harm/not mean any harm 练习：Try to reduce the use of chemicals that are _________ (harm) to the environment. harmful 对某人/某物有害 对某人/某物造成伤害 受到损害 弊大于利 不妨做某事，做某事没有坏处 无意伤害没有恶意 18 Vocabulary 5. be home to make sb. feel at home be feel at home make yourself at home find a home for sth. hit/strike home (both) at home and abroad make ones home 练习：Warwick is home _________ some 550 international students. 使某人感到宾至如归 舒适自在，不拘束 别拘束 找地方安置某物 (言语等)正中要害；使人接受(或认清)现实 在国内外 定居，居住 to 19 Listen to the podcast and choose the statements that are made. 1. Biodiversity is important. 2. Bacteria are always harmful to humans. 3. Some species of bacteria are used in food production. 4. Many species of bacteria recycle dead organic matter. 5. Our immune systems are able to fight off all germs. Cells •Every living thing is 1 __________________________. They are like 2 _________________________________. •In the human body there are about 3 _________________ human cells and around 4 _________________________ bacteria cells. Bacteria •Most bacteria in the human body can 5 _____________________ •In the food production process, bacteria can 6 ______________ dead organic matter. Listen again and complete the fact sheet. made up of cells bricks that are used to build houses thirty trillion thirty-nine trillion help with digestion break down Cell, in biology, the basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life and of which all living things are composed. A single cell is often a complete organism in itself, such as a bacterium or yeast. Other cells acquire specialized functions as they mature. These cells cooperate with other specialized cells and become the building blocks of large multicellular organisms, such as humans and other animals. bacteria life-form Bacteria, any of a group of microscopic single-celled organisms that live in enormous numbers in almost every environment on Earth, from deep-sea vents to deep below Earth’s surface to the digestive tracts of humans other animals. Complete the boxes with the expressions from the podcast. • Do you know about...? • Have you heard of...? • By the way, ... • In fact, ... • Actually, ... • Speaking of which, ... Checking background knowledge Adding information • By the way, ... • In fact, ... • Actually, ... • Speaking of which, ... • Do you know about...? • Have you heard of...? Read the passage and answer the questions. ① What species are mentioned and what is special about them? ② What other unusual life forms do you know of? Suggested answers: ① Two species are mentioned: the blue whale and the water bear. The blue whale is the largest animal species on Earth，which can grow up to almost 30 metres in length and weigh over 130,000 kilos. The water bear is probably the toughest species，which can survive temperatures from 150C to a below freezing -272℃. Galapagos Islands （加拉帕戈斯群岛) Galapagos Islands, island group of the eastern Pacific Ocean, administratively a province of Ecuador，lying athwart the Equator 600 miles west of the mainland of Ecuador. The government of Ecuador designated part of the Galapagos a wildlife sanctuary in 1935, and in 1959 the sanctuary became the Galapagos National Park. In 1978 the islands were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site. Complete the paragraphs with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. The Galápagos Islands are renowned worldwide for their unique biodiversity. The Giant Tortoise Reserve on Santa Cruz 1___________ several species of giant tortoise that 2___________ the Galápagos Islands. The island is also home to the Charles Darwin Research Station, where 3___________ studies are carried out. is home to are native to scientific Complete the paragraphs with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. Mangroves are one of the coastal plants that grow on Isabela. They serve as the 4_____________ for various birds and fish, and are very important to the 5_____________. Lguanas can be found on San Cristóbal. They have a very special 6_____________, with comb-like spines on their back. There is evidence that all the different iguanas have developed from more 7___________ ones and share a common 8_____________. habitats ecosystem appearance primitive ancestor Work in pairs. Look at the pictures of the species native to different regions of China. Talk about biodiversity in China using the words and expressions in this section. Do online research to find more information. Exercise 1．They moved here in 2002. Until then they ________ in the London area. A．lived B．have lived C．were living D．had lived 2．They became friends again that day. Until then they ______to each other for nearly two years. A．didn‘t speak B．hadn’t spoken C．haven’t spoken D．haven‘t been speaking 3．He insisted that he __________ and that he ________ nothing wrong. A．be set free; should do B．set free; should do C．should set free; had done D．be set free; had done 30 Exercise 4．It was the first time in a year and a half that I ________ the night face to face. A．have seen B．saw C．had seen D．would see 5．________ could be judged from her eyes, she was terribly sorry for what she________. A．As; had done B．That; did C．As; has done D．It; had done 6．By the end of last semester, we_________the three compulsory English textbooks. A．had covered B．have covered C．covered D．covering 31 Exercise 7．—Manager, I __________ late for 9 days… —But you‘ve broken your record this morning. A．haven’t been B．hadn‘t been C．won‘t be D．wouldn’t be 8．By the time Jack returned home from England, his son _________ from college. A．graduated B．had graduated C．has graduated D．had been graduated 9．The researchers estimated that the glacier ______ in size since last year. A．had decreased B．have decreased C．decreased D．had been decreased 10．I ______ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it. A．had hoped B．have hoped C．hope D．am hoping 32 Review the language points and complete the exercises. Do online research to find more information about the biodiversity in China. Homework See you next class! 34 2022 Blues 216281.05 Lavf57.71.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 $$