内容正文:
02
Period II Discovering Useful Structures—Reading for Writing
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
1
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The value of life lies not in the _______ (long) of days but the use we make of them.
length
解析 句意为:生命的价值不在于时间的长短,而在于我们如何利用这些时间。设空处在定冠词the后,作lies in的宾语,应用名词。故填length。
2.A _________ (power) 7.2-magnitude earthquake hit the city, killing at least 200 people.
powerful
解析 句意为:一场7.2级的强烈地震袭击了这座城市,造成至少200人死亡。设空处作定语,修饰earthquake,结合语境可知,此处表示“猛烈的”。故填powerful。
3.The father was the only ________ (survive) of the fire that destroyed the wooden house of the family.
survivor
解析 句意为:大火摧毁了这家人的木屋,这位父亲是唯一的幸存者。主句的主语是The father,设空处在句中作was的表语且前面有the only修饰,应用名词单数形式,且根据语境可知,此处表示“幸存者”。故填survivor。
刷单句填空
2
4.I’m calling to confirm the ________ (deliver) of my goods tomorrow.
delivery
解析 句意为:我正打电话确认明天是否送货。设空处在句中作confirm的宾语,且被定冠词the修饰,应用名词,此处表示“递送”,故填delivery。
5.What happens when food and gasoline ________ (supply) run low?
supplies
解析 句意为:如果食物和汽油供应减少,会出现什么情况呢?supply作“供应量;储备”讲时,是可数名词,结合从句谓语run可知,此处应用名词复数形式。故填supplies。
6.We all know that playing with the smartphone for a long time has a bad effect ____ our eyesight.
on
解析 句意为:我们都知道长时间玩智能手机会对我们的视力造成不良影响。have an effect on为固定搭配,意为“对……有影响”。故填on。
7.We will have some experts ____ hand to give you any help you need at all times.
on
解析 句意为:我们将随时都有专家为您提供所需要的任何帮助。on hand 为固定搭配,意为“现有(尤指提供帮助)”。
刷单句填空
3
8.___ summary, nobody knows the source of the disease.
In
解析 句意为:总之,没有人知道这种疾病的原因。根据句意可知,此处考查固定搭配in summary,意为“总之”。故填In。
9.What _______ (strike) me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.
struck
解析 分析句子结构可知,此处为主语从句的谓语动词,strike与What之间是主动关系,应用主动语态;根据was可知,本句描述过去的动作,所以应用一般过去时。故填struck。
10.I was walking the dog in the park ______ something unusual caught my attention.
when
解析 be doing sth when… 为固定句型,意为“正在做某事时,这时突然……”。故填when。
刷单句填空
4
根据提示补全句子。
1.一些父母想要保护他们的孩子免受各种危险,无论是真实的还是想象出来的。(动词shelter)
Some parents want to _______ _____ ____________ ______ every kind of danger, real or imagined.
shelter
their
kids/children
from
2.在这个受灾严重的地区,救援物资供应不足。
In the severely-hit area, relief goods were ___ ______ _______.
3.被困在孤岛上的那位旅行者靠在海里捕到的鱼活了下来。
The traveller trapped on the lonely island _________ ____ the fish caught in the sea.
4.这对双胞胎姐妹的父母一进来,她们就安静了下来。
____ _____ ___ their parents came in,the twin sisters _______ ______.
5.我突然想到,我应该拜访我的老师。(strike)
___ ____________ ____ _____ I should pay a visit to my teacher.
6.汉斯被邀请在开幕式上发表演讲。
Hans was asked ___ ________________ ___ _______ at the opening ceremony.
in
short
supply
survived
on
As
soon
as
calmed
down
It
strikes/struck
me
that
to
deliver/make/give
a
speech
刷单句表达
5
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.I will never forget the days __________ I spent with your family.
that/which
解析 句意为:我永远不会忘记和你们一家一起度过的那些日子。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是days,指物,关系词在定语从句中作动词spent的宾语,应用关系代词that或which引导该从句。
2.He lives in the room _______ window faces to the south.
whose
解析 句意为:他住在窗户朝南的房间里。设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词room,结合语境可知,此处表示“房间的窗户”,应用whose引导该从句,whose在从句中作window的定语。
3.The little problems __________ we meet in our daily lives may be the inspirations for great inventions.
that/which
解析 句意为:我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词problems指物,定语从句的谓语动词meet后缺宾语,应用关系代词that或which引导该从句。
刷单元语法
6
4.This is Mr John for _______ son I bought a book yesterday.
whose
解析 句意为:这是约翰先生,昨天我给他的儿子买了一本书。设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为Mr John,buy sth for sb为固定搭配,for被前置,____ son为for的宾语,关系词在从句中作son的定语,应用whose引导该从句。
5.But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place __________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life.[全国乙2023·改编]
which/that
解析 句意为:除了古建筑外,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词place,关系词在定语从句中作主语,应用关系代词;先行词指物,关系词应用that或which。
6.I always want a friend with _______ I can share my deepest feelings and thoughts.
whom
解析 句意为:我一直想有一个能够与之分享我最深刻的感受和想法的朋友。先行词friend指人,关系代词在从句中作介词with的宾语,应用whom,与with构成“介词+关系代词”结构,引导定语从句。share… with为固定搭配,从句中介词with被前置。
刷单元语法
7
7.Success often comes to those _____ are good at recognising their own strengths.
who
解析 设空处引导定语从句,先行词为those,指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填who。
8.There are many mysteries about dinosaurs for _______ we long to find explanations.
which
解析 句意为:关于恐龙有许多谜团,我们渴望找到解释。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为mysteries,指物,关系词在定语从句中作介词for的宾语,应用which引导该从句。固定搭配explanations for…意为“对……的解释”。
9.The champion talked a lot about things and people _____ helped him become a successful athlete.
that
解析 句意为:这位冠军谈了很多帮助他成为一名成功运动员的事情和人。本句中先行词为things and people,关系词在从句中作主语,故用that。
刷单元语法
8
10.The only system _____ will help you remember what you have heard at a lecture is keeping notes.
that
解析 句意为:唯一可以帮助你记住你在讲座上听到的东西的方法就是记笔记。设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为system,关系词在从句中作主语,因先行词前有The only修饰,所以只能用关系代词that。
刷单元语法
9
知识拓展 定语从句中关系代词常用that的情况
(1)先行词为指物的不定代词all、something、everything、nothing、anything等时;(2)先行词被the only、the very、the last等修饰时;(3)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;(4)先行词既有表示人又有表示物的词时。
刷单元语法
10
[湖北武汉2024段测] 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 2020, California experienced its 1. . (bad) fire season on record. While Prisha Shroff was driving with her family from Los Angeles to their home, she watched the flames (火焰) through the car window.
“After I witnessed this fire, I arrived back at home only to hear about the Australian and Amazon wildfires and how the same effects of the Los Angeles fire were happening on a bigger scale (规模). It 2. . (real) proved to me that this is a global problem and there is a need for a solution 3. . can prevent these wildfires,” she says.
worst
really
which/that
刷语法填空
11
Shroff started researching 4. . (solution) but learnt that most wildfire fighting measures focus 5. . spotting and putting out wildfires instead of prevention. 6. . (inspire), Shroff created a system designed to prevent wildfires, which earned her the Lemelson Award for Invention in the Broadcom MASTERS, a science 7. . (compete) for middle school students.
Her artificial intelligence-based system 8. . (predict) areas that are vulnerable (易受攻击的) to wildfires based on real-time data such as temperature and wind. If an area is high-risk, the system can give 9. . signal to fire agencies. In the future, she’ll work on 10. . (improve) her AI model by adding millions of wildfire data points.
solutions
on/upon
Inspired
competition
predicts
a
improving
刷语法填空
12
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了普里沙·什罗夫目睹洛杉矶严重的火灾后,创建了一个基于人工智能的系统来预防野火的故事。
1.______
worst
解析 句意为:2020年,加利福尼亚州经历了有史以来最严重的火灾季节。根据on record可知,此处表示“有史以来最严重的火灾季”,表示最高级含义,故设空处应用形容词的最高级。故填worst。
2.______
really
解析 句意为:这真的向我证明了这是一个全球性的问题,我们需要一个解决方案来预防这些野火。设空处作状语,修饰动词proved,应用副词。故填really。
3.__________
which/that
解析 句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰solution,先行词指物,且关系词在从句中作主语,应用which或that引导该从句。
刷语法填空
13
4._________
solutions
解析 句意为:什罗夫开始研究解决方案,但她了解到,大多数应对野火的措施都侧重于发现和扑灭野火,而不是预防。solution在此意为“解决方法”,为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且其前无限定词修饰,结合语境可知,此处表示不止一个解决办法,故用复数形式。故填solutions。
5.________
on/upon
解析 句意见上一题解析。focus on/upon为固定搭配,意为“集中于;聚焦于”。故填on/upon。
6.________
Inspired
解析 句意为:受到启发,什罗夫创造了一个旨在预防野火的系统,并因此赢得了一项面向中学生的科学竞赛博通大师赛的“勒梅尔森发明奖”。主句中已有谓语created,设空处与其之间无连词连接,故应用非谓语形式作状语,inspire与Shroff之间为逻辑上的被动关系,表示“受到启发”,应用过去分词,表示动作已完成。故填Inspired。
刷语法填空
14
7.___________
competition
解析 句意见上一题解析。分析句子成分可知,a science ____ for middle school students作the Broadcom MASTERS的同位语,且设空处被不定冠词a修饰,应用名词单数形式,science为名词作定语,此处表示“科学竞赛”,故填competition。
8.________
predicts
解析 句意为:她的基于人工智能的系统根据温度和风力等实时数据预测易发生野火的地区。此处为主句谓语动词,根据从句中的are可知,该主句时态为一般现在时;主句主语为system,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;system与predict之间为主动关系,用主动语态。故填predicts。
9.___
a
解析 句意为:如果一个地区风险高,该系统可以向消防机构发出信号。设空处修饰单数可数名词signal,结合句意可知,此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词,故填a。
刷语法填空
15
10.__________
improving
解析 句意为:未来,她将通过添加数百万个野火数据点来努力改进她的人工智能模型。设空处作介词on的宾语,应用动名词形式。故填improving。
刷语法填空
16
$$