2025年高考备考专题复习高中英语名词辨析精选专项训练

备战高考高中英语2025高考专项复习名校模拟预测试题汇编-名词辨析 1．（2024·山东·三模）— Excuse me. Could you tell me where I can find laptops? — Well, you can go to the electronic ________. A．insurance B．sentence C．section D．terminal 2．（2024·天津河北·二模）J. K. Rowling provides a fascinating ______ of her journey from her humble beginnings in a small Edinburgh Cafe to becoming a globally celebrated author, inspiring millions. A．history B．target C．custom D．account 3．（2024·天津·二模）The hit film YOLO has received criticism as well as ______ since it was released because views on overweight differ. A．credit B．argument C．implement D．privilege 4．（2024·山东·三模）Few laws are so ______ that you can see results just days after they take ______. A．effect; effect B．efficient; efficient C．efficient; efficiency D．effective; effect 5．（2024·山东·三模）—Mom, which is the better ______ for me, a senior high school or a vocational school? —Either is OK. It’s up to you. A．choice B．result C．experience D．news 6．（2024·天津和平·二模）_______ must go to addressing immediate needs and ensuring the safety of all individuals in the community during this crisis. A．Measures B．Targets C．Functions. D．Priorities 7．（2024·天津河东·二模）At the wedding, the invited guests bear ________ to the love between the couple. A．comparison B．blame C．relation D．witness 8．（2024·天津·二模）He has a strong __________ for wearing running shoes whether it is for daily runs, casual outings or simply relaxing. A．dislike B．ambition C．concern D．preference 9．（2024·天津·二模）The CCTV show - the Chinese Poetry Competition has been popular among the audience, which is partly designed to arouse people’s ______ in Chinese poetry. A．enthusiasm B．response C．significance D．reflection 10．（2024·天津·二模）The car’s________ has improved a lot since a new engine has been applied to it. A．appearance B．character C．performance D．substance 11．（22-23高二下·天津·期中）As the years went by, their ________ for each other grew stronger and they never regretted their marriage. A．participation B．ambition C．affection D．alternative 12．（2024·山东泰安·一模）What is the following information about? Tablet 2-3 times daily. The tablets should be taken during meals and swallowed with water. Children should follow medical advice. A．Instructions B．Plan C．Timetable D．Schedule 13．（2024·天津南开·一模）First, we need to build up a detailed ________ of our customers and their requirements. A．phase B．profile C．tendency D．distribution 14．（2024·天津宁河·一模）Reading is widely believed to be a ________ to learn more about the world. A．shelter B．source C．channel D．background 15．（2024·天津·一模）Besides proper amounts of practice, perseverance is also one of the key ______ of success. A．elements B．categories C．ranges D．processes 16．（2024·天津河东·一模）We should forgive his bad temper because we know that losing his job has put him under great ______. A．emotion B．excitement C．crisis D．stress 17．（2024·天津河北·一模）China’s Belt and Road Initiative means a new ________ for trade and investment between countries, leading into a new era of prosperity. A．burden B．dawn C．chart D．survey 18．（2024·天津和平·一模）Cats were brought to the island to control the rats and mice. Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed a(n)______ for birds, too. A．habit B．interest C．passion D．appetite 19．（23-24高一上·广东深圳·期末）These communities are now turning to recycling as a cheaper ______ to landfills. A．alternative B．access C．transition D．composition 20．（23-24高一上·广东广州·阶段练习）The committee has approved his ______ that he put off his gap year till he finishes the research. A．application B．wisdom C．arrangement D．request 21．（23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）Throughout their no-cost stays in strangers’ homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s . A．favor B．defense C．honor D．absence 22．（22-23高二下·天津宝坻·阶段练习）Qianxuesen sought no fame and shunned the spotlight, returning to China with great ________. A．integrity B．assumption C．innovation D．resolution 23．（19-20高三上·天津·阶段练习）I have heard that it is a common in that country to hold a big party to celebrate when a child turns 15. A．practice B．method C．evidence D．effect 24．（2016·浙江·高考真题）It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your ________. A．condition B．income C．credit D．status 25．（14-15高三下·湖北襄阳·阶段练习）He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his ______ was seen at its best when he worked with others. A．temper B．appearance C．talent D．character 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．C 【详解】考查名词词义辨行。句意：——请问一下，你能告诉我那里能找到笔记本电脑吗？——你可以去电子产品区。A. insurance保险；B. sentence句子；C. section区域，部门；D. terminal终点站，航站楼。此处意为“卖电子产品的地方去找笔记本电脑”，故为electronic section“电子产品区”，故选C。 2．D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：J. K. Rowling 讲述了她从爱丁堡一家小咖啡馆卑微起步到成为全球知名作家的迷人历程，激励了数百万人。A. history历史；B. target目标；C. custom习俗；D. account描述。J. K. Rowling 提供了一个引人入胜的描述，讲述了她从爱丁堡一家小咖啡馆的不起眼开始到成为备受全球瞩目的作家的旅程，激励了无数人，选择account一词符合句意的需要。故选D。 3．A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：热门电影《热辣滚烫》自上映以来，既受到批评，也受到赞扬，因为人们对超重的看法不一。A. credit赞扬；B. argument争论；C. implement工具；器具；D. privilege特权；荣幸。根据“because views on overweight differ.”可知，电影《热辣滚烫》既受到批评，也受到赞扬。故选A。 4．D 【详解】考查形容词以及名词词义辨析。句意：很少有法律如此有效，以至于在它们生效后的几天内你就能看到成效。A. effect；effect效果，效果；B. efficient；efficient效率高的，效率高的；C. efficient；efficiency效率高的，效率； D. effective；effect有效的，效果。第一个空处需要形容词作表语，表示法律是有效的。effective在此处表示“有效的，产生预期效果的”，用来形容法律产生的影响或作用。第二个空需要名词，take effect为固定搭配，意为“开始生效”。故选D。 5．A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——妈妈，对我来说，高中和职业学校哪个更好的选择？——两者都可以。这取决于你。A. choice选择；B. result结果；C. experience经验，经历；D. news消息。根据后文a senior high school or a vocational school可知，此处指“高中和职业学校哪个更好的选择”。故选A。 6．D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这场危机中，必须优先解决当前的需求，并确保社区中所有人的安全。A. Measures措施；B. Targets目标；C. Functions功能；D. Priorities优先事项。此处应指应对危机时需要采取的“措施”来解决眼前的需求和保障安全，因此Measures最符合语境。故选A。 7．D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在婚礼上，受邀的宾客们见证了这对夫妇之间的爱情。A. comparison比较；B. blame责备；C. relation关系；D. witness见证。参加婚礼的客人通常是作为新人爱情的见证者，因此，正确答案应当与“见证”相关，witness符合这一语境，表示客人们见证了这对夫妇的爱。bear witness“见证”为固定短语。故选D。 8．D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他非常喜欢穿跑鞋，无论是日常跑步、休闲郊游还是单纯的放松。A. dislike厌恶；B. ambition雄心；C. concern关注，担忧；D. preference偏爱。根据后文whether it is for daily runs, casual outings or simply relaxing可知，此处表示“喜爱，偏爱”。故选D。 9．A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：CCTV的节目——中国诗词大会在观众中很受欢迎，这部分是设计来激发人们对中国诗词的热情。A. enthusiasm热情；B. response反应；C. significance意义或重要性；D. reflection反映或思考。enthusiasm符合语境，表示节目旨在激发观众对中国诗词的热情。故选A项。 10．C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从安装了新引擎后，这辆车的性能有了很大的提高。A. appearance外表；B. character特点；C. performance性能；D. substance物质。根据下文“since a new engine has been applied to it”可知是装了新的引擎，所以应是提高了车的性能，故选C。 11．C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着岁月的流逝，他们对彼此的感情越来越深厚，他们从未后悔过自己的婚姻。A. participation参与；B. ambition志向；C. affection感情；D. alternative可供选择的事物。根据they never regretted their marriage可知，他们之间的感情越来越深厚。故选C。 12．A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：以下信息是关于什么的？每天2-3次片剂。这些药片应在用餐时服用，并用水吞咽。孩子们应该听从医生的建议。A. Instructions说明书，用法说明；B. Plan计划；C. Timetable时间表；D. Schedule工作计划，日程安排。结合语境可知，这是服用药物的说明，故用Instructions。故选A。 13．B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，我们需要建立客户及其需求的详细人物简介。A. phase阶段；B. profile人物简介；C. tendency趋势；D. distribution分配。结合语境可知，空格处应表达“人物简介”，故用profile。故选B。 14．C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们普遍认为阅读是一种了解世界的渠道。A. shelter遮蔽物；B. source来源；C. channel通道；渠道；D. background背景。根据句意可知，阅读应是人们了解世界的一个渠道。故选C项。 15．A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了适当的练习，毅力也是成功的关键要素之一。A. elements要素；B. categories类别；C. ranges范围；D. processes过程。结合语境可知，空格处应表达“因素”，故用elements。故选A。 16．D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们应该原谅他的坏脾气，因为我们知道失去工作使他承受了巨大的压力。A. emotion感情；B. excitement兴奋；C. crisis危机；D. stress压力。根据“because we know that losing his job.”可知，因为失去工作，所以承受了巨大的压力。故选D。 17．B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国的“一带一路”倡议意味着国家间贸易和投资的新曙光，开启了繁荣的新时代。A. burden负担；B.  dawn黎明，开端，曙光；C. chart图表；D. survey调查。根据leading into a new era of prosperity可知，“一带一路”倡议意味着国家间贸易和投资迎来了新曙光。故选B。 18．D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：猫被带到岛上控制老鼠，不幸地是，猫随后也对鸟类产生了食欲。A. habit习惯；B. interest兴趣；C. passion激情；D. appetite食欲。根据句意可知，空处表示“食欲”，appetite for…为固定短语，表示“对……的胃口”，故选D项。 19．A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些社区现在正转向回收利用，作为替代垃圾填埋场的一种更便宜的选择。A. alternative供替代的选择；可供选择的事物；B. access通道；C. transition过渡；D. composition构成。根据句意可知，回收利用是替代垃圾填埋场的一种选择。故选A项。 20．D 【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：委员会已经批准了他的请求，要求他推迟空档年，直到他完成研究。A. application申请； B. wisdom智慧；C. arrangement安排；D. request请求。根据句意以及由后文同位语使用虚拟语气可知，这里指同意他推迟空档年的“请求”。故选D项。 21．D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的整个期间，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A.favor 赞成，喜爱；B.defense防守；C.honor荣誉；D.absence不在，缺席。由语境可知，这里表示“房主不在的时候”，故选D项。 22．D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：钱学森不追求名声，避开聚光灯，带着坚定的决心回到中国。A. integrity正直；B. assumption假设；C. innovation革新；D. resolution决心。结合句意，钱学森下定决心回国。故选D。 23．A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我听说在那个国家，孩子满15岁时举行大型聚会庆祝是一种惯例。A. practice做法；B. method方法；C. evidence证据；D. effect影响。由语意可知，孩子满15岁就要举行庆祝会，这是那个国家的一种做法，此处考查固定句型it is a common practice to do sth.，意为“做某事是一种惯例”。故选A项。 24．C 【详解】考查名词。句意：准时付电费很重要，因为付晚了会影响你的信用。condition条件；income收入；credit学分，信用（卡）；status地位。根据It is important to pay your electricity bill on time 可知，付晚了会影响你的信用。故选C。 【点睛】名词最常考的命题形式是名词词义辨析，对于同义词辨析，我们平时一定要注意积累。由做题经验可知，同义词辨析大多是在具体语境中，由关键固定短语来判断的。真正的词义辨析题很少。常考的辨析名词词义的有: custom风俗习惯，habit个人习惯，tradition传统；scene场景，scenery自然风景（总称），view特定位置的景观，sight人文或历史景观；skill技能，ability能力；talent才华，strength优势，长处，等等。本题中的credit属于一词多义，单选题中有时也会考查熟词生义。 25．D 【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：他用事实证明了自己是一个真正的绅士，当他和别人一起工作时，他的人格魅力尤为突显。A．temper脾气； B．appearance外貌；C．talent天赋； D．character性格，根据句意和各选项分析，故选D项。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$