Unit1 阅读理解精练（知识&题型大冲关）-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期知识&题型大冲关（人教版2019必修第一册）

Unit 1 阅读理解练习 目录 精练篇 1 Passage 1 1 基础篇 4 Passage 1 4 Passage 2 6 Passage 3 7 拔高篇 9 Passage 4 9 Passage 5 10 Passage 6 11 Passage 7 13 Passage 8 14 精练篇 Passage 1 难度⭐⭐⭐⭐ Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway. So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed? “Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖症) assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers. “In contrast,” the researchers continue, “many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance - like food - of which immoderate (过度的) consumption leads to serious health problems.” The research references studies of people’s behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them: Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted (分配) based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink. Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores? Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products. 32．What does the author say about junk food? A．People should be educated not to eat too much. B．It is widely consumed despite strict policies. C．Its temptation is too strong for people to resist. D．It causes more harm than is generally realized. 33．What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control? A．Guiding people to make rational choices about food. B．Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health. C．Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures. D．Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means. 34．What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity? A．They are based on wrong assumptions. B．They provide misleading information. C．They should be implemented effectively. D．They help people make rational choices. 35．Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions? A．Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations. B．There are already too many stores selling alcohol. C．Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems. D．Easy access leads to customer’ over-consumption. 词汇积累 way too是一个口语化的表达，意思是“太；过于；远远”。它用来加强“too”的程度，表示程度更深或更强烈。例如：“The movie was way too long.”（这部电影太长了。） “The temperature is way too high today.”（今天的温度太高了。） “This bag is way too heavy for me to carry.”（这个包对我来说太重了，根本搬不动。） take a lesson from意思是“从......中吸取教训”。例如：“We should take a lesson from this failure. ”（我们应该从这次失败中吸取教训。） apply sth to表示“把某物应用于......”。比如：“We should apply the theory to practice. ”（我们应该把理论应用于实践。） in contrast用作短语，意为“相比之下；与之相反”。例如：“In contrast, she is very quiet. ”（相比之下，她很安静。） promising作形容词，有“有希望的；有前途的；前景看好的”的意思。例如：“He shows very promising talent. ”（他展现出非常有前途的才华。） hand out常见释义为“分发；散发；给予”。比如：“The teacher is handing out the exam papers. ”（老师正在分发试卷。） similarly是副词，意思是“相似地；类似地；同样地”。例如：“Similarly, he failed the exam. ”（同样地，他考试没通过。） stimulate one’s desire to do意思是“激发某人做某事的欲望”。例如：“This book stimulates my desire to learn. ”（这本书激发了我学习的欲望。） ban sb from表示“禁止某人做某事；禁止某人进入某地”。例如：“He was banned from the club. ”（他被禁止进入这个俱乐部。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 长难句分析 【1】“Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖症) assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods,”note the two researchers. 译文 两位研究人员指出：“许多控制肥胖症的政策措施都假定人们有意识且理性地选择吃什么以及吃多少，因此把重点放在提供信息和让人们更容易获得更健康的食物上。” 分析 “Many policy measures to control obesity”中“to control obesity”是后置定语，修饰“measures”。assume是谓语动词，其后“that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat”是一个宾语从句，在宾语从句中“what and how much they eat”也是宾语从句 。“assume that…” 与“therefore focus on …”是并列的两个部分，分别描述人们的选择和政策措施的重点。 【2】Many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance - like food - of which immoderate (过度的) consumption leads to serious health problems. 译文 许多不假设人们做出理性选择的规定已经成功地应用于控制酒精，酒精是一种像食物一样的物质，过度消费会导致严重的健康问题。 分析 “that don’t assume people make rational choices”是定语从句，修饰先行词“regulations”。 “have been successfully applied to control alcohol”：这是句子的谓语部分，是现在完成时的被动语态，表示“已经被成功应用于控制酒精”。“a substance - like food - of which immoderate (过度的) consumption leads to serious health problems”是“alcohol”的同位语，对“alcohol”进行补充说明，其中“of which immoderate (过度的) consumption leads to serious health problems”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“a substance”。 【3】Licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted (分配) based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. 译文 销售酒类的许可证并非毫无计划地发给所有来者，而是根据一个地区已经销售酒类的场所数量进行分配。 分析 “to sell alcohol”是后置定语，修饰“Licenses”，意思是“销售酒类的许可证”。“aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted (分配) based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol”：这是谓语部分，使用了“not...but...”结构，其中“that already sell alcohol”是定语从句，修饰“places”，意思是“已经销售酒类的场所”。 翻译练习 1. 我们应该从错误中吸取教训，尽量不再重蹈覆辙。(take a lesson from) 2. 你需要每天把这种乳膏涂在患处两次。(apply sth to) 3. 他身体很好。相比之下，他弟弟经常生病。(in contrast) 4. 志愿者们正在向无家可归的人分发食物和水。(hand out) 5. 美丽的风景激发了她环游世界的欲望。(stimulate one’s desire to do) 6. 因为他的不良行为，学校禁止他参加运动会。(ban sb from) 基础篇 Passage 1 My daughter recently expressed interest in riding more. We live in a small city, and bicycles are a popular transportation choice here. I was excited at her choice. She would soon learn how easy it is to get around in this way, and how fast she can ride on two wheels. Bike tours are often quicker than bus or cab or car trips are. Much to my surprise, none of this mattered to her. On one of our first trips together, I was fixing on the route ahead- turns, arrival time- when she said, “Hey Dad, wanna know a riddle?” And then, before I explained how unsuitable this was, how we shouldn’t be telling jokes while riding, and how we should be focused on the road, on reaching our destination as soon as we could, she started, “What lasts forever but never dies?” This is how it’s been. She has shared stories from the past, hopes for the future. I have been challenged to ride backward and to stretch legs out on both sides. None of these have been dangerous, mind you. My daughter does not ride without proper care. She pulls even with me, for instance only on wide, empty streets. When the car appears, she quietly slips behind me and holds both eyes to the road. As soon as conditions of basic safety are met, though... “Dad, slow down! Isn’t this a lovely neighborhood?” my daughter asks. It is a lovely neighborhood. I’m surprised, I’ve come this way countless times, but never have I noticed any of this. Farther down the road, the laughter of children comes out from a game of ball. I make a promise. From now on, I’m going to move more slowly on these rides. I’m going to notice the neighborhoods we move through. I’m going to enjoy this. 1．The writer had thought that riding would help her daughter ________. A．go somewhere conveniently B．have more bike excursions alone C．do some tricks on the bike D．learn the importance of time in traveling 2．According to the text, the writer’s daughter ________. A．ignored the traffic while riding B．had a good sense of safety C．kept talking without looking ahead D．enjoyed challenging any danger on the road 3．While looking at the neighborhood, the writer realized ________. A．how easily his daughter was distracted B．what a good neighborhood looked like C．what he missed in the course of riding D．why a neighborhood needed a garden 4．What promise did the writer make? A．To be conscious of time in riding. B．To take his daughter to ride more often. C．To focus his attention on the destination. D．To ride slowly to enjoy the beauty along the road. Passage 2 At the end of a math lesson that Diane Moon taught virtually ( 虚拟地) earlier this month to her students, the middle school teacher in Illinois had star-shaped stickers covering her face. It was all part of an effort by Moon and other teachers across the country to keep their students engaged ( 参 与) while virtual learning continues as the COVID-19 pandemic worsens in the United States. “It's been really difficult,” Moon said of trying to teach her students through computer screens. “Sometimes I feel like I'm just talking to myself and it's just slower because I have to wait for students to respond.” Moon said she had no hesitation to have a try when a colleague ( 同事) showed her a video in which a teacher put a sticker on her face each time a new student spoke out during class. “I put some competition into it because I made it a battle between my three classes,” she said. “I told them that every time someone new takes part, I would put a new sticker on and we'll see which class has the most.” Moon said she heard from students who had not spoken out all term, and saw her students come together and encourage each other to speak up, saying things like, “It's OK if the answer is wrong.” Inspired by the success, Moon took a video of her face covered in stickers and shared it on the Internet, where it went viral (疯传). In response to Moon's post, a fifth-grade teacher, Isa, later shared that she was using pipe cleaners in her hair to encourage students to turn on their cameras and speak up in class. She said, “The stickers started to irritate (刺激) our skin, so we moved on to pipe cleaners in our hair! Huge hit! We recommend it!” “It shows that we're all doing all we can to engage students,” said Moon. 5．What made Moon put stickers on her face? A．A teaching failure. B．The competition for attention. C．The desire to engage students. D．A challenge from her colleagues. 6．What was Moon's students' attitude towards the battle? A．They loved it. B．They doubted it. C．They were curious about it. D．They showed little interest in it. 7．Why did Isa use pipe cleaners instead of stickers? A．Her students disliked stickers. B．She didn't have enough stickers. C．It was cheaper to use pipe cleaners. D．Stickers made her skin uncomfortable. 8．What is the purpose of the text? A．To support virtual learning. B．To praise teachers' creativity. C．To recommend a teaching aid. D．To encourage students to learn. Passage 3 Here are some things that you can buy as gifts for your friends who are birdwatchers. A window-mounted bird feeder One way to guarantee a close-up look at the birds in your garden is to bring them all the way to the house. This bird feeder is solidly built with strong suction (吸) cups that you can tie to your windows, giving you a good view of your winged visitors. A pair of binoculars Binoculars are a birdwatcher’s best friend! They work like two small telescopes joined together, allowing you to use both eyes to see distant birds as if they were right in front of you. They’re perfect for spotting feathered friends in the wild, whether the birds are high up in the trees or soaring across the sky. When you peer through them, you get a view that makes every little detail of the birds—their colors, beaks, and even the texture of their feathers. The Robin: A Biography by Stephen Moss This beautifully illustrated book draws readers into the mysterious world of Britain’s favourite bird, the red robin—a familiar sight in all winter gardens, but as naturalist Stephen Moss demonstrates, one we hardly know. Combining convincing storytelling with biological fact, Moss guides us through a year in the life of the robin, from the moment it hatches from its egg to its all too timely mortality (死亡) — the robin tends to live a mere 13 months, adding to its precious quality. A reusable thermal bottle Every good birding expedition needs a bottle of steaming hot tea. A reusable bottle decorated with lifelike drawings of classic British birds combines a natural aesthetic (美感)with practicality. It can keep not only hot drinks but also cold drinks. 9．What do we know about binoculars? A．They can attract birds to your house. B．They show images in black and white. C．They can provide detailed views of birdwatching. D．They’re too heavy to carry for birdwatchers. 10．What does The Robin: A Biography tell us about? A．The birth of a bird. B．The death of a bird. C．The quantity of a bird. D．The lifetime of a bird. 11．Which gift may attract birds to one’s house? A．A window-mounted bird feeder. B．A pair of binoculars. C．The Robin: A Biography. D．A reusable thermal bottle 拔高篇 Passage 4 Miss England, Jessica Gagen, is not the ordinary beauty pageant (选美) winner. She just earned an impressive title, rocket scientist. The 27-year-old girl just graduated from the University of Liverpool with a degree in Aerospace Engineering and she has set her sights on being an astronaut. But winning her title just a few months before completing her degree was no easy task. She is the first rocket scientist to be crowned Miss England. Gagen was able to balance between her competition and her schoolwork, but the stress of doing both left her with chest pains and insomnia (失眠). However, she didn’t give up. “The way to get to this point was a rocky five years in the making, and I faced challenges before I’d even begun,” Gagen told The Daily Mail. “I think it’s important that today’s youth know that sometimes things don’t go entirely as planned, and that’s perfectly OK.” Before starting at the university, Gagen studied a year in physics while working at weekends because she didn’t have all the courses she needed for the program. She began studying at the university in 2019 and when the pandemic hit, all the coursework went online. She did this while working full time at night. “I’d return home to do that day’s online lectures and homework and then stop at 8 pm to get ready for bed, before the cycle would repeat. I was constantly knackered, but I was a mature student and had bills to pay.” During the course of her studies, Gagen saw that there were very few females in engineering and decided to make it her duty to promote careers in science for women and girls on her social media. This idea led to her being scouted (物色) for the Miss England contest. In 2022 Gagen was accepted into a Master’s program and she entered the Miss England pageant and won. 12．What did Gagen desire to do upon graduation? A．Work as an engineer. B．Become a spacewoman. C．Continue rocket research. D．Win a beauty contest. 13．What does Gagen want to convey in paragraph 4? A．Plans do not change based on human will. B．Today’s youth should perform perfectly. C．Feeling a bit uncomfortable seems normal. D．The youth should face the challenges bravely. 14．Why did Gagen work at night? A．To support females. B．To enter the contest. C．To earn a living. D．To promote free careers. 15．What does the underlined word “knackered” in paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Worn-out. B．Confused. C．Simple-minded. D．Embarrassed. Passage 5 You may be attracted by pictures of animals in the wild. You might have imagined yourself taking pictures of animals that are seldom seen in the city. If you do get that chance, you may want to consider the following tips or rules. First of all, a lot of professional photographers give respect (尊重) to these animals and the environment they are in. Just remember that you should respect the animals and the environment in case these animals bite or attack you. Keep in mind that you are taking pictures of real, live, wild animals. A wild animal may bite to protect itself. You must be aware while taking their pictures and be gentle in all your movements. Do not feed the animals, or interact (互动) with animals that are sleeping or caring for their young. Change the flash of your camera to natural light, so the animals will not be frightened or surprised when you start shooting. Animals do not react well when they are surprised. Be very patient. Make sure you are aware of the changes in behavior of the animal and its emotions. Be familiar with the animals’ natural habitat. Now if those rules are clear, it is time for planning. Consider the weather; some animals do not go out when it is raining while some animals love the rain. Therefore, a little research on the weather will not hurt. You should consider taking pictures after sunrise and before sunset. Now if the animal is active at night, then you should prepare to fight against not only the wild but also the darkness. An adventure in the wild will make you very excited. However, you should be well prepared, have experts to back you up, and also a permit (许可证) for doing the photo shoot. If you do not have any of these, then maybe you should consider visiting the zoo instead. 16．What should you do to show respect to the wildlife? A．Tuning off the flash. B．Caring for their babies. C．Feeding them whenever you want. D．Taking pictures when they are sleeping. 17．What should you consider before taking pictures with the wildlife? A．Food and water. B．Weather and time. C．Emotions and safety. D．Place and transportation. 18．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Most animals love being taken photos of. B．We have to go to the zoo to take photos. C．Only experts have a permit to take photos. D．There is danger while taking photos with wild animals. 19．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To advertise a zoo. B．To do some research. C．To give some advice. D．To introduce some wildlife. Passage 6 As to psychological well-being, the comfort zone is frequently perceived as a haven, a familiar location where individuals feel calm and peaceful. Pushing beyond this psychological state might have benefits. The comfort zone can be understood as a behavioral metaphor. Within a comfort zone, an individual takes on a state of minimal anxiety without a perception of risk, responding predictably to deliver a consistent level of performance. These include behaviors that people do commonly, find relaxing, or that take them away from high-stress situations. Engaging in the same manner over time leads to a predictable and familiar zone of comfort. As creatures of habit, we become dependent on these routines that we know we can complete well to feel secure. However, by stepping outside of our comfort zone, we learn about our ability to handle new situations and control risks, leading to greater self-confidence, and lower levels of anxiety. One study found that individuals who are more secure in stepping out of their comfort zone are more likely to be excited by and look forward to new experiences, feeling greater confidence in their ability to take them on. One behavior that demonstrates the benefits of stepping out of a comfort zone is learning to play a musical instrument. When we consider actions outside of our comfort zone, we must assess our desire to engage in that activity. By weighing the pros and cons, we evaluate how uncomfortable a situation may seem, and whether the danger of entering such an unknown situation will be worth the risk. Music offers a safe way to step out of your initial comfort zone because you can begin by practicing in an isolated setting, which offers a casual, safe way to build a new skill set. By picking up and practicing a new instrument, you have proven to yourself that you are capable of meeting an unfamiliar objective, thus decreasing anxiety. 20．What does the underlined word “haven” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Habitat. B．Shelter. C．Community. D．Destination. 21．Which will not be considered when we step out of our comfort zone? A．We recall the old experience. B．We think whether it is worth the risk. C．We evaluate our thirsty for the activity. D．We weigh the strengths and weaknesses. 22．What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph? A．The definition of the comfort zone. B．The importance of psychological well-being. C．The process of learning a new musical instrument. D．The benefits of stepping out of one’s comfort zone. 23．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．How to Identify Comfort Zone B．Staying Inside Comfort Zone is Important C．Stepping Outside Comfort Zone Promotes Learning D．How to Take Yourself Away from High-stress Situations Passage 7 It lasted just 24 seconds, but it’s an unforgettable moment that has caught hearts everywhere. During a basketball game at Zeeland East High School in Zeeland, Michigan, the crowd fell quiet, giving high school junior Jules Hoogland an opportunity to take a shot. Hoogland, who is blind, followed along as a woman tapped (轻敲) a yellow pole against the backboard and a teammate guided her to the perfect position. Thirteen seconds later, the 11th grader nailed a free throw and the silent audience erupted in roaring cheers and applause. Zeeland Public Schools shared the extraordinary moment, filmed by Brandy Navetta, the school district’s communications and marketing director on Twitter, along with the words, “You thought national basketball tournaments were infusive, but Zeeland Public Schools Unified Basketball took over the court this morning. And the crowd went wild!” Hoogland’s mom Karen said she was so proud of her achievement. She also praised the young students for their respect and sensitivity towards her daughter. Hoogland set a new record on what blind people can achieve and wanted this video to inspire all those who are facing challenges. “I’m hoping this video will inspire others to keep trying no matter what their challenges are,” she said. Students from both Zeeland East and Zeeland West High School witnessed Hoogland’s uplifting shot, part of an inclusive basketball game with zLinks. Nathan VandeGuchte, a special education teacher with Zeeland West, added that inclusive sports has made a significant impact on students at Zeeland schools since the zLinks program started. “It was so moving to see Hoogland hit that shot again in front of 2,500 people,” said Nathan. “The lens (视角) with which many of our special education students are viewed has now been forever changed. They know that they are important, and they recognize that they are contributing members of our student body!” 24．Why did the crowd go wild as Hoogland nailed a free throw? A．Because she couldn’t see. B．Because she was competitive. C．Because it was her first shot. D．Because it was the end of the game. 25．What does the underlined word “infusive” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Addictive. B．Puzzling. C．Informative. D．Exciting. 26．What message does Hoogland convey to us through her story? A．Dream big, dream early. B．Never fear to fight challenges. C．Interest is the best teacher. D．The more one does, the more one can do. 27．What can we infer about the special education students from Nathan’s words? A．They were usually overestimated. B．They got confidence from the program. C．They should be given more opportunities. D．They were eager to explore the unknown. Passage 8 To know parents’ influence on students’ learning, researchers studied 438 kids and their parents. Before a school year started, the researchers asked parents to write down how anxious they would feel in different situations connected with math like planning their money spending or checking their house’s size. They also checked their children’s math ability and math anxiety in a school year. The study found kids whose parents were anxious about math learned less math over the school year. And these kids didn’t perform as well on the tests as those who hadn’t been exposed to math anxiety. Besides, these kids also were more likely to become nervous about math themselves. But these kids only “ caught ” that anxiety if their parents had often tried to help with their homework. This is an example of good intentions having a bad result. The study’s result appeared in Psychological Science. Erin Maloney led the study. As someone who has personally experienced math anxiety, she says, “ I was always very nervous about math, not only taking tests but also learning the new concepts. So I really tried to balk at math, including finding excuses to miss math tests and not wanting to do math homework. ” It was only after she saw how math could be applied to her passion that she started to enjoy math. Parents with math anxiety should still support their kids as the kids work on math homework, though. But they should know helping kids with schoolwork requires more than just going over facts and concepts. Parents should help kids look for ways to have fun with math, like playing math-based games. When kids have difficulty in learning, encourage them to bravely face it but don’t make them nervous. What can students do if they’re already nervous about math? Maloney says, “ My earlier study showed that students who wrote about their fears of math for 7 to 10 minutes before taking a math test performed better on that test. After the writing process，many students said their fears weren’t such a big deal. ” 28．The 438 kids’ parents were asked to present ______ . A．their attitudes to school education B．their opinions on kids’ math ability C．their ways to solve kids’ math anxiety D．their math anxiety levels in their daily life 29．What result did Maloney’s team report in Psychological Science? A．Kids are more likely to be afraid of math. B．Some parents pay little attention to their kids’ study. C．Kids can pick up negative thoughts about math from their parents. D．Parents should help with their kids’ homework as little as possible. 30．What does the underlined phrase “ balk at ” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Enjoy. B．Avoid. C．Learn. D．Understand. 31．What advice would Maloney probably give to students on their math anxiety? A．Working closely with their math teachers. B．Seeking help during their learning process. C．Sparing some time to go over their notes daily. D．Removing math anxiety by admitting it to themselves. $$ Unit 1 阅读理解练习 目录 精练篇 1 Passage 1 1 基础篇 5 Passage 1 5 Passage 2 7 Passage 3 9 拔高篇 11 Passage 4 11 Passage 5 13 Passage 6 15 Passage 7 18 Passage 8 20 精练篇 Passage 1 难度⭐⭐⭐⭐ Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway. So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed? “Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖症) assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers. “In contrast,” the researchers continue, “many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance - like food - of which immoderate (过度的) consumption leads to serious health problems.” The research references studies of people’s behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them: Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted (分配) based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink. Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores? Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products. 32．What does the author say about junk food? A．People should be educated not to eat too much. B．It is widely consumed despite strict policies. C．Its temptation is too strong for people to resist. D．It causes more harm than is generally realized. 33．What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control? A．Guiding people to make rational choices about food. B．Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health. C．Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures. D．Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means. 34．What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity? A．They are based on wrong assumptions. B．They provide misleading information. C．They should be implemented effectively. D．They help people make rational choices. 35．Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions? A．Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations. B．There are already too many stores selling alcohol. C．Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems. D．Easy access leads to customer’ over-consumption. 词汇积累 way too是一个口语化的表达，意思是“太；过于；远远”。它用来加强“too”的程度，表示程度更深或更强烈。例如：“The movie was way too long.”（这部电影太长了。） “The temperature is way too high today.”（今天的温度太高了。） “This bag is way too heavy for me to carry.”（这个包对我来说太重了，根本搬不动。） take a lesson from意思是“从......中吸取教训”。例如：“We should take a lesson from this failure. ”（我们应该从这次失败中吸取教训。） apply sth to表示“把某物应用于......”。比如：“We should apply the theory to practice. ”（我们应该把理论应用于实践。） in contrast用作短语，意为“相比之下；与之相反”。例如：“In contrast, she is very quiet. ”（相比之下，她很安静。） promising作形容词，有“有希望的；有前途的；前景看好的”的意思。例如：“He shows very promising talent. ”（他展现出非常有前途的才华。） hand out常见释义为“分发；散发；给予”。比如：“The teacher is handing out the exam papers. ”（老师正在分发试卷。） similarly是副词，意思是“相似地；类似地；同样地”。例如：“Similarly, he failed the exam. ”（同样地，他考试没通过。） stimulate one’s desire to do意思是“激发某人做某事的欲望”。例如：“This book stimulates my desire to learn. ”（这本书激发了我学习的欲望。） ban sb from表示“禁止某人做某事；禁止某人进入某地”。例如：“He was banned from the club. ”（他被禁止进入这个俱乐部。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 长难句分析 【1】“Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖症) assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods,”note the two researchers. 译文 两位研究人员指出：“许多控制肥胖症的政策措施都假定人们有意识且理性地选择吃什么以及吃多少，因此把重点放在提供信息和让人们更容易获得更健康的食物上。” 分析 “Many policy measures to control obesity”中“to control obesity”是后置定语，修饰“measures”。assume是谓语动词，其后“that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat”是一个宾语从句，在宾语从句中“what and how much they eat”也是宾语从句 。“assume that…” 与“therefore focus on …”是并列的两个部分，分别描述人们的选择和政策措施的重点。 【2】Many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance - like food - of which immoderate (过度的) consumption leads to serious health problems. 译文 许多不假设人们做出理性选择的规定已经成功地应用于控制酒精，酒精是一种像食物一样的物质，过度消费会导致严重的健康问题。 分析 “that don’t assume people make rational choices”是定语从句，修饰先行词“regulations”。 “have been successfully applied to control alcohol”：这是句子的谓语部分，是现在完成时的被动语态，表示“已经被成功应用于控制酒精”。“a substance - like food - of which immoderate (过度的) consumption leads to serious health problems”是“alcohol”的同位语，对“alcohol”进行补充说明，其中“of which immoderate (过度的) consumption leads to serious health problems”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“a substance”。 【3】Licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted (分配) based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. 译文 销售酒类的许可证并非毫无计划地发给所有来者，而是根据一个地区已经销售酒类的场所数量进行分配。 分析 “to sell alcohol”是后置定语，修饰“Licenses”，意思是“销售酒类的许可证”。“aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted (分配) based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol”：这是谓语部分，使用了“not...but...”结构，其中“that already sell alcohol”是定语从句，修饰“places”，意思是“已经销售酒类的场所”。 翻译练习 1. 我们应该从错误中吸取教训，尽量不再重蹈覆辙。(take a lesson from) We should take a lesson from our mistakes and try not to repeat them. 2. 你需要每天把这种乳膏涂在患处两次。(apply sth to) You need to apply the cream to the affected area twice a day. 3. 他身体很好。相比之下，他弟弟经常生病。(in contrast) His health is good. In contrast, his brother is often ill. 4. 志愿者们正在向无家可归的人分发食物和水。(hand out) Volunteers were handing out food and water to the homeless. 5. 美丽的风景激发了她环游世界的欲望。(stimulate one’s desire to do) The beautiful scenery stimulated her desire to travel around the world. 6. 因为他的不良行为，学校禁止他参加运动会。(ban sb from) The school banned him from attending the sports meeting because of his bad behavior. 答案解析 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Rand公司两位研究人员的建议：借鉴控酒措施的经验，对售卖此类垃圾食品的地点和方式进行控制。文中具体介绍了这么做的原因以及一些具体条例。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway. (垃圾食品到处都是。我们吃得太多了。我们大多数人都知道自己在做什么，但还是会去做。)”可推断，垃圾食品对人们的诱惑实在是太强了，以至于人们无法抵挡。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed? (因此，兰德公司的两位研究人员提出了一个建议：为什么不从酒精控制政策中吸取教训，把它们应用到食品的销售地点和展示方式上呢?)”可知，兰德公司的研究人员对垃圾食品的控制提出的总体指导意见是：借鉴酒精控制措施。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖症) assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat (许多控制肥胖的政策措施都假设人们有意识地、理性地选择他们吃什么和吃多少)”可推断，很多控制肥胖症的政策措施都是基于错误的假设前提的。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink. (这使得酒精不那么容易得到，也减少了喝酒的心理暗示。)”可推断，因为购买的途径很容易的话会导致消费者过度消费。所以要颁布这样一项限制措施，就是为了减少人们购买酒类饮品的数量。故选D。 基础篇 Passage 1 My daughter recently expressed interest in riding more. We live in a small city, and bicycles are a popular transportation choice here. I was excited at her choice. She would soon learn how easy it is to get around in this way, and how fast she can ride on two wheels. Bike tours are often quicker than bus or cab or car trips are. Much to my surprise, none of this mattered to her. On one of our first trips together, I was fixing on the route ahead- turns, arrival time- when she said, “Hey Dad, wanna know a riddle?” And then, before I explained how unsuitable this was, how we shouldn’t be telling jokes while riding, and how we should be focused on the road, on reaching our destination as soon as we could, she started, “What lasts forever but never dies?” This is how it’s been. She has shared stories from the past, hopes for the future. I have been challenged to ride backward and to stretch legs out on both sides. None of these have been dangerous, mind you. My daughter does not ride without proper care. She pulls even with me, for instance only on wide, empty streets. When the car appears, she quietly slips behind me and holds both eyes to the road. As soon as conditions of basic safety are met, though... “Dad, slow down! Isn’t this a lovely neighborhood?” my daughter asks. It is a lovely neighborhood. I’m surprised, I’ve come this way countless times, but never have I noticed any of this. Farther down the road, the laughter of children comes out from a game of ball. I make a promise. From now on, I’m going to move more slowly on these rides. I’m going to notice the neighborhoods we move through. I’m going to enjoy this. 1．The writer had thought that riding would help her daughter ________. A．go somewhere conveniently B．have more bike excursions alone C．do some tricks on the bike D．learn the importance of time in traveling 2．According to the text, the writer’s daughter ________. A．ignored the traffic while riding B．had a good sense of safety C．kept talking without looking ahead D．enjoyed challenging any danger on the road 3．While looking at the neighborhood, the writer realized ________. A．how easily his daughter was distracted B．what a good neighborhood looked like C．what he missed in the course of riding D．why a neighborhood needed a garden 4．What promise did the writer make? A．To be conscious of time in riding. B．To take his daughter to ride more often. C．To focus his attention on the destination. D．To ride slowly to enjoy the beauty along the road. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者的女儿对骑自行车很感兴趣，在和女儿一起骑车的过程中作者发现了女儿的一些品质，并且也意识到了自己曾经错过的一些美好的风景。 1．细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“She would soon learn how easy it is to get around in this way, and how fast she can ride on two wheels. Bike tours are often quicker than bus or cab or car trips are.( 她很快就会知道用这种方式四处走动有多容易，骑两轮能有多快。骑自行车旅行通常比乘公共汽车、出租车或汽车旅行更快。)”可知，作者认为骑自行车会帮助她的女儿很方便地去某个地方。故选A。 2．推理判断题。文章第五段讲到“When the car appears, she quietly slips behind me and holds both eyes to the road. (当车出现时，她悄悄溜到我身后，双眼看着路。)”可知，作者的女儿有很强的安全感。故选B。 3．细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“It is a lovely neighborhood. I’m surprised, I’ve come this way countless times, but never have I noticed any of this. Farther down the road, the laughter of children comes out from a game of ball.( 这是一个可爱的社区。我很惊讶，我已经来过无数次了，但从来没有注意到这一点。在更远的路上，孩子们的笑声来自一场球赛。)”可知，在看这个街区的时候，作者意识到了他在骑行过程中错过了什么。故选C。 4．细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“From now on, I’m going to move more slowly on these rides. I’m going to notice the neighborhoods we move through. I’m going to enjoy this. (从现在开始，我要在这些游乐设施上移动得更慢。我会注意我们经过的街区。我要享受这一切。)”可知，作者许下的承诺是骑着车慢慢欣赏沿途的美景。故选D。 Passage 2 At the end of a math lesson that Diane Moon taught virtually ( 虚拟地) earlier this month to her students, the middle school teacher in Illinois had star-shaped stickers covering her face. It was all part of an effort by Moon and other teachers across the country to keep their students engaged ( 参 与) while virtual learning continues as the COVID-19 pandemic worsens in the United States. “It's been really difficult,” Moon said of trying to teach her students through computer screens. “Sometimes I feel like I'm just talking to myself and it's just slower because I have to wait for students to respond.” Moon said she had no hesitation to have a try when a colleague ( 同事) showed her a video in which a teacher put a sticker on her face each time a new student spoke out during class. “I put some competition into it because I made it a battle between my three classes,” she said. “I told them that every time someone new takes part, I would put a new sticker on and we'll see which class has the most.” Moon said she heard from students who had not spoken out all term, and saw her students come together and encourage each other to speak up, saying things like, “It's OK if the answer is wrong.” Inspired by the success, Moon took a video of her face covered in stickers and shared it on the Internet, where it went viral (疯传). In response to Moon's post, a fifth-grade teacher, Isa, later shared that she was using pipe cleaners in her hair to encourage students to turn on their cameras and speak up in class. She said, “The stickers started to irritate (刺激) our skin, so we moved on to pipe cleaners in our hair! Huge hit! We recommend it!” “It shows that we're all doing all we can to engage students,” said Moon. 5．What made Moon put stickers on her face? A．A teaching failure. B．The competition for attention. C．The desire to engage students. D．A challenge from her colleagues. 6．What was Moon's students' attitude towards the battle? A．They loved it. B．They doubted it. C．They were curious about it. D．They showed little interest in it. 7．Why did Isa use pipe cleaners instead of stickers? A．Her students disliked stickers. B．She didn't have enough stickers. C．It was cheaper to use pipe cleaners. D．Stickers made her skin uncomfortable. 8．What is the purpose of the text? A．To support virtual learning. B．To praise teachers' creativity. C．To recommend a teaching aid. D．To encourage students to learn. 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B 【导语】本文是新闻报道。为了让学生们积极参与到虚拟学习中来，老师们采取了往脸上贴贴纸等一些特别的方式。 5．细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“Diane Moon taught virtually ( 虚拟地) earlier this month to her students, the middle school teacher in Illinois had star-shaped stickers covering her face. (本月早些时候，这位伊利诺伊州的中学老师Diane Moon几乎向学生们授课，脸上贴着星形贴纸。)”以及第二段讲到“It was all part of an effort by Moon and other teachers across the country to keep their students engaged ( 参 与) while virtual learning continues as the COVID-19 pandemic worsens in the United States. (这一切都是Moon和全国其他教师努力的一部分，以保持学生的参与，同时随着新冠肺炎疫情在美国的恶化，虚拟学习仍在继续。)”可知，Moon在脸上贴贴纸是为了吸引她的学生，让他们积极参与到虚拟学习中来。故选C。 6．推理判断题。文章第六段讲到“Moon said she heard from students who had not spoken out all term, and saw her students come together and encourage each other to speak up (Moon说，她听到了那些整个学期都没有发言的学生的声音，看到她的学生聚在一起，互相鼓励说出来)”可知，她的学生们很喜欢这种竞争方式。故选A。 7．细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“The stickers started to irritate (刺激) our skin, so we moved on to pipe cleaners in our hair! Huge hit! We recommend it! (贴纸开始刺激我们的皮肤，所以我们开始用烟斗通条！非常棒！我们推荐它！)”可知，Isa没有使用贴纸而选择烟斗通条的原因是贴贴纸会刺激皮肤。故选D。 8．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了老师们为了鼓励学生在虚拟学习期间积极参与课堂所作出的努力，包括在脸上贴贴纸并在班级之间开展竞争，以及在头发上别烟斗通条等，结合最后一段中Moon所说的“It shows that we're all doing all we can to engage students (这表明我们都在尽我们所能吸引学生)”可知，本文的主要目的是赞扬老师们的创造力。故选B。 Passage 3 Here are some things that you can buy as gifts for your friends who are birdwatchers. A window-mounted bird feeder One way to guarantee a close-up look at the birds in your garden is to bring them all the way to the house. This bird feeder is solidly built with strong suction (吸) cups that you can tie to your windows, giving you a good view of your winged visitors. A pair of binoculars Binoculars are a birdwatcher’s best friend! They work like two small telescopes joined together, allowing you to use both eyes to see distant birds as if they were right in front of you. They’re perfect for spotting feathered friends in the wild, whether the birds are high up in the trees or soaring across the sky. When you peer through them, you get a view that makes every little detail of the birds—their colors, beaks, and even the texture of their feathers. The Robin: A Biography by Stephen Moss This beautifully illustrated book draws readers into the mysterious world of Britain’s favourite bird, the red robin—a familiar sight in all winter gardens, but as naturalist Stephen Moss demonstrates, one we hardly know. Combining convincing storytelling with biological fact, Moss guides us through a year in the life of the robin, from the moment it hatches from its egg to its all too timely mortality (死亡) — the robin tends to live a mere 13 months, adding to its precious quality. A reusable thermal bottle Every good birding expedition needs a bottle of steaming hot tea. A reusable bottle decorated with lifelike drawings of classic British birds combines a natural aesthetic (美感)with practicality. It can keep not only hot drinks but also cold drinks. 9．What do we know about binoculars? A．They can attract birds to your house. B．They show images in black and white. C．They can provide detailed views of birdwatching. D．They’re too heavy to carry for birdwatchers. 10．What does The Robin: A Biography tell us about? A．The birth of a bird. B．The death of a bird. C．The quantity of a bird. D．The lifetime of a bird. 11．Which gift may attract birds to one’s house? A．A window-mounted bird feeder. B．A pair of binoculars. C．The Robin: A Biography. D．A reusable thermal bottle 【答案】9．C 10．D 11．A 【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了一些适合送给观鸟爱好者的礼物。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“When you peer through them, you get a view that makes every little detail of the birds—their colors, beaks, and even the texture of their feathers.(透过它们，你可以看到这些鸟的每一个细节——它们的颜色、喙，甚至羽毛的质地)”可知，望远镜能让观鸟爱好者观察到鸟的每一个小细节。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段“Combining convincing storytelling with biological fact, Moss guides us through a year in the life of the robin, from the moment it hatches from its egg to its all too timely mortality (死亡) — the robin tends to live a mere 13 months, adding to its precious quality.(结合令人信服的故事和生物学事实，莫斯带领我们经历了知更鸟一年的生活，从它从蛋里孵出来的那一刻到它及时的死亡——知更鸟往往只活13个月，这增加了它宝贵的品质)”可知，该书介绍了欧洲知更鸟的一生。故选D。 11．细节理解题。根据第二段“One way to guarantee a close-up look at the birds in your garden is to bring them all the way to the house. This bird feeder is solidly built with strong suction (吸) cups that you can tie to your windows, giving you a good view of your winged visitors.(保证近距离观察花园中的鸟类的一种方法是把它们一直带到家里。这个喂鸟器是坚固的，有很强的吸盘，你可以把它绑在你的窗户上，给你一个很好的视野)”可知，只有安装在窗户上的喂鸟器可能吸引鸟到家里。故选A。 拔高篇 Passage 4 Miss England, Jessica Gagen, is not the ordinary beauty pageant (选美) winner. She just earned an impressive title, rocket scientist. The 27-year-old girl just graduated from the University of Liverpool with a degree in Aerospace Engineering and she has set her sights on being an astronaut. But winning her title just a few months before completing her degree was no easy task. She is the first rocket scientist to be crowned Miss England. Gagen was able to balance between her competition and her schoolwork, but the stress of doing both left her with chest pains and insomnia (失眠). However, she didn’t give up. “The way to get to this point was a rocky five years in the making, and I faced challenges before I’d even begun,” Gagen told The Daily Mail. “I think it’s important that today’s youth know that sometimes things don’t go entirely as planned, and that’s perfectly OK.” Before starting at the university, Gagen studied a year in physics while working at weekends because she didn’t have all the courses she needed for the program. She began studying at the university in 2019 and when the pandemic hit, all the coursework went online. She did this while working full time at night. “I’d return home to do that day’s online lectures and homework and then stop at 8 pm to get ready for bed, before the cycle would repeat. I was constantly knackered, but I was a mature student and had bills to pay.” During the course of her studies, Gagen saw that there were very few females in engineering and decided to make it her duty to promote careers in science for women and girls on her social media. This idea led to her being scouted (物色) for the Miss England contest. In 2022 Gagen was accepted into a Master’s program and she entered the Miss England pageant and won. 12．What did Gagen desire to do upon graduation? A．Work as an engineer. B．Become a spacewoman. C．Continue rocket research. D．Win a beauty contest. 13．What does Gagen want to convey in paragraph 4? A．Plans do not change based on human will. B．Today’s youth should perform perfectly. C．Feeling a bit uncomfortable seems normal. D．The youth should face the challenges bravely. 14．Why did Gagen work at night? A．To support females. B．To enter the contest. C．To earn a living. D．To promote free careers. 15．What does the underlined word “knackered” in paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Worn-out. B．Confused. C．Simple-minded. D．Embarrassed. 【答案】12．B 13．D 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了获选美冠军的27岁女孩Jessica Gagen刚刚从利物浦大学毕业，获得了航空航天工程学位，其梦想是成为宇航员。 12．细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“The 27-year-old girl just graduated from the University of Liverpool with a degree in Aerospace Engineering and she has set her sights on being an astronaut (这位27岁的女孩刚刚从利物浦大学毕业，获得了航空航天工程学位，她将目光投向了成为一名宇航员)”可知，Gagen毕业后渴望成为一名宇航员。故选B。 13．推理判断题。文章第四段讲到“I think it’s important that today’s youth know that sometimes things don’t go entirely as planned, and that’s perfectly OK (我认为重要的是，今天的年轻人要知道，有时事情并没有完全按计划进行，这完全没关系)”可知，Gagen想要表达的是当今的年轻人应该勇敢面对挑战。故选D。 14．细节理解题。文章第五段讲到“She did this while working full time at night (她是在晚上全职工作的时候做的)”以及第六段讲到“but I was a mature student and had bills to pay. (但我是一个成熟的学生，有账单要付)”可知，Gagen夜晚工作是为了谋生。故选C。 15．词句猜测题。文章第六段讲到“I’d return home to do that day’s online lectures and homework and then stop at 8 pm to get ready for bed. (我会回家做当天的在线讲座和家庭作业，然后在晚上8点停下来准备睡觉。)”以及划线动词后文“but I was a mature student and had bills to pay(但我是一个成熟的学生，有账单要付)”可知，knackered的意思是“磨损”，与“Worn-out”的意思一致。故选A。 Passage 5 You may be attracted by pictures of animals in the wild. You might have imagined yourself taking pictures of animals that are seldom seen in the city. If you do get that chance, you may want to consider the following tips or rules. First of all, a lot of professional photographers give respect (尊重) to these animals and the environment they are in. Just remember that you should respect the animals and the environment in case these animals bite or attack you. Keep in mind that you are taking pictures of real, live, wild animals. A wild animal may bite to protect itself. You must be aware while taking their pictures and be gentle in all your movements. Do not feed the animals, or interact (互动) with animals that are sleeping or caring for their young. Change the flash of your camera to natural light, so the animals will not be frightened or surprised when you start shooting. Animals do not react well when they are surprised. Be very patient. Make sure you are aware of the changes in behavior of the animal and its emotions. Be familiar with the animals’ natural habitat. Now if those rules are clear, it is time for planning. Consider the weather; some animals do not go out when it is raining while some animals love the rain. Therefore, a little research on the weather will not hurt. You should consider taking pictures after sunrise and before sunset. Now if the animal is active at night, then you should prepare to fight against not only the wild but also the darkness. An adventure in the wild will make you very excited. However, you should be well prepared, have experts to back you up, and also a permit (许可证) for doing the photo shoot. If you do not have any of these, then maybe you should consider visiting the zoo instead. 16．What should you do to show respect to the wildlife? A．Tuning off the flash. B．Caring for their babies. C．Feeding them whenever you want. D．Taking pictures when they are sleeping. 17．What should you consider before taking pictures with the wildlife? A．Food and water. B．Weather and time. C．Emotions and safety. D．Place and transportation. 18．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Most animals love being taken photos of. B．We have to go to the zoo to take photos. C．Only experts have a permit to take photos. D．There is danger while taking photos with wild animals. 19．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To advertise a zoo. B．To do some research. C．To give some advice. D．To introduce some wildlife. 【答案】16．A 17．B 18．D 19．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要是告诉大家在给野生动物拍照时应该注意的问题。 16．细节理解题。根据第二段“First of all, a lot of professional photographers give respect ( 尊重 ) to these animals and the environment they are in. Just remember that you should respect the animals and the environment in case these animals bite or attack you.”（首先，很多专业摄影师尊重这些动物和它们所处的环境。只要记住，你应该尊重动物和环境，以防这些动物咬或攻击你。）可知，对动物拍照时要尊重这些动物和它们所处的环境。你应该尊重动物和环境，以防这些动物咬或攻击你。第三段中“You must be aware while taking their pictures and be gentle in all your movements. Do not feed the animals, or interact (互动) with animals that are sleeping or caring for their young.”（在给他们拍照的时候，你必须保持警觉，动作要轻柔。不要给动物喂食，也不要与正在睡觉或照顾幼崽的动物接触。）可知，拍照的时候，你必须保持警觉，动作要轻柔。不要给动物喂食，也不要与正在睡觉或照顾幼崽的动物接触。据此可知，选项B、C和D错误；第四段中“Change the flash of your camera to natural light, so the animals will not be frightened or surprised when you start shooting. （把相机的闪光灯调到自然光，这样当你开始拍摄时，动物就不会被吓到或惊讶了。）”可推知，给动物拍照时，关掉闪光灯，这样当你开始拍摄时，动物就不会被吓到或惊讶了。故选A。 17．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Consider the weather; some animals do not go out when it is raining while some animals love the rain. Therefore, a little research on the weather will not hurt. You should consider taking pictures after sunrise and before sunset. Now if the animal is active at night, then you should prepare to fight against not only the wild but also the darkness.”（考虑一下天气;有些动物在下雨的时候不出去，而有些动物喜欢下雨。因此，对天气做一点研究不会有坏处。你应该考虑在日出之后和日落之前拍照。现在，如果动物在夜间活动，那么你不仅要准备好与野生动物作战，还要准备好与黑暗作战。）可知，要拍摄动物的照片，提前考虑天气和拍照时间是必要的。故选B。 18．推理判断题。根据最后一段“An adventure in the wild will make you very excited. However, you should be well prepared, have experts to back you up, and also a permit (许可证) for doing the photo shoot. If you do not have any of these, then maybe you should consider visiting the zoo instead.”（野外探险会让你非常兴奋。然而，你应该做好充分的准备，有专家为你做后盾，还要有拍照的许可证。如果你没有这些，那么也许你应该考虑去动物园。）可知，野外探险会让你非常兴奋。然而，你应该做好充分的准备。可推知，野外探险会有危险的，故选D。 19．推理判断题。根据第一段“You may be attracted by pictures of animals in the wild. You might have imagined yourself taking pictures of animals that are seldom seen in the city. If you do get that chance, you may want to consider the following tips or rules.”（你可能会被野生动物的照片所吸引。你可能会想象自己在拍城市里很少见到的动物。如果你有这样的机会，你可能会考虑以下建议或规则。）可知，本段作为文章的主题段落，主要是告诉大家在给野生动物拍照时应该注意的问题。因而，本文的写作目的是给大家一些建议。故选C。 Passage 6 As to psychological well-being, the comfort zone is frequently perceived as a haven, a familiar location where individuals feel calm and peaceful. Pushing beyond this psychological state might have benefits. The comfort zone can be understood as a behavioral metaphor. Within a comfort zone, an individual takes on a state of minimal anxiety without a perception of risk, responding predictably to deliver a consistent level of performance. These include behaviors that people do commonly, find relaxing, or that take them away from high-stress situations. Engaging in the same manner over time leads to a predictable and familiar zone of comfort. As creatures of habit, we become dependent on these routines that we know we can complete well to feel secure. However, by stepping outside of our comfort zone, we learn about our ability to handle new situations and control risks, leading to greater self-confidence, and lower levels of anxiety. One study found that individuals who are more secure in stepping out of their comfort zone are more likely to be excited by and look forward to new experiences, feeling greater confidence in their ability to take them on. One behavior that demonstrates the benefits of stepping out of a comfort zone is learning to play a musical instrument. When we consider actions outside of our comfort zone, we must assess our desire to engage in that activity. By weighing the pros and cons, we evaluate how uncomfortable a situation may seem, and whether the danger of entering such an unknown situation will be worth the risk. Music offers a safe way to step out of your initial comfort zone because you can begin by practicing in an isolated setting, which offers a casual, safe way to build a new skill set. By picking up and practicing a new instrument, you have proven to yourself that you are capable of meeting an unfamiliar objective, thus decreasing anxiety. 20．What does the underlined word “haven” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Habitat. B．Shelter. C．Community. D．Destination. 21．Which will not be considered when we step out of our comfort zone? A．We recall the old experience. B．We think whether it is worth the risk. C．We evaluate our thirsty for the activity. D．We weigh the strengths and weaknesses. 22．What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph? A．The definition of the comfort zone. B．The importance of psychological well-being. C．The process of learning a new musical instrument. D．The benefits of stepping out of one’s comfort zone. 23．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．How to Identify Comfort Zone B．Staying Inside Comfort Zone is Important C．Stepping Outside Comfort Zone Promotes Learning D．How to Take Yourself Away from High-stress Situations 【答案】20．B 21．A 22．C 23．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了走出舒适区能够给人带来好处。作为习惯，人们变得依赖于舒适区带来的无论是行为上还是精神上的安全感。然而，走出舒适区，人们就会了解到自己有处理新情况和控制风险的能力，从而获得更大的自信，降低焦虑水平，从而能够接受新体验，促进新学习的产生。 20．词句猜测题。根据后文的进一步解释“a familiar location where individuals feel calm and peaceful(一个熟悉的地方，个人感到平静和安宁)”可知，划线词“haven”应是指安全的，熟悉的地方，即，避风港，庇护所等，与选项B“Shelter.(庇护所)”表达含义相同。故选B项。 21．细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“When we consider actions outside of our comfort zone, we must assess our desire to engage in that activity. By weighing the pros and cons, we evaluate how uncomfortable a situation may seem, and whether the danger of entering such an unknown situation will be worth the risk.(当我们考虑舒适区之外的行为时，我们必须评估我们参与该活动的愿望。通过权衡利弊，我们评估一种情况看起来有多不舒服，以及进入这种未知情况的危险是否值得冒险)”可知，在考虑走出舒适区行为时，会评估参与该活动的愿望，权衡利弊，是否值得冒险。由此可知，选项A“We recall the old experience.(我们回忆起过去的经历)”并不在考虑范围之内。故选A项。 22．推理判断题。根据末尾段末尾句内容“By picking up and practicing a new instrument, you have proven to yourself that you are capable of meeting an unfamiliar objective, thus decreasing anxiety.(通过拿起和练习一种新的乐器，你已经向自己证明了你有能力满足一个不熟悉的目标，从而减少焦虑)”提出了学习一种新的乐器这一话题，由此推知，文章接下来会讲述作为想要走出舒适区的新手如何学习乐器。故选C项。 23．主旨大意题。通读文章内容可知，文章第一段末尾内容“Pushing beyond this psychological state might have benefits. (超越这种心理状态可能会有好处)”揭示了文章的核心要义，即，文章主要讲述的是走出舒适区可能会有的好处，尤其在后文用学习乐器作为举例，详细论述了走出舒适区能够促进自己提升能力，尤其是在学习方面。由此可知，选项C“Stepping Outside Comfort Zone Promotes Learning(走出舒适区促进学习)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选C项。 Passage 7 It lasted just 24 seconds, but it’s an unforgettable moment that has caught hearts everywhere. During a basketball game at Zeeland East High School in Zeeland, Michigan, the crowd fell quiet, giving high school junior Jules Hoogland an opportunity to take a shot. Hoogland, who is blind, followed along as a woman tapped (轻敲) a yellow pole against the backboard and a teammate guided her to the perfect position. Thirteen seconds later, the 11th grader nailed a free throw and the silent audience erupted in roaring cheers and applause. Zeeland Public Schools shared the extraordinary moment, filmed by Brandy Navetta, the school district’s communications and marketing director on Twitter, along with the words, “You thought national basketball tournaments were infusive, but Zeeland Public Schools Unified Basketball took over the court this morning. And the crowd went wild!” Hoogland’s mom Karen said she was so proud of her achievement. She also praised the young students for their respect and sensitivity towards her daughter. Hoogland set a new record on what blind people can achieve and wanted this video to inspire all those who are facing challenges. “I’m hoping this video will inspire others to keep trying no matter what their challenges are,” she said. Students from both Zeeland East and Zeeland West High School witnessed Hoogland’s uplifting shot, part of an inclusive basketball game with zLinks. Nathan VandeGuchte, a special education teacher with Zeeland West, added that inclusive sports has made a significant impact on students at Zeeland schools since the zLinks program started. “It was so moving to see Hoogland hit that shot again in front of 2,500 people,” said Nathan. “The lens (视角) with which many of our special education students are viewed has now been forever changed. They know that they are important, and they recognize that they are contributing members of our student body!” 24．Why did the crowd go wild as Hoogland nailed a free throw? A．Because she couldn’t see. B．Because she was competitive. C．Because it was her first shot. D．Because it was the end of the game. 25．What does the underlined word “infusive” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Addictive. B．Puzzling. C．Informative. D．Exciting. 26．What message does Hoogland convey to us through her story? A．Dream big, dream early. B．Never fear to fight challenges. C．Interest is the best teacher. D．The more one does, the more one can do. 27．What can we infer about the special education students from Nathan’s words? A．They were usually overestimated. B．They got confidence from the program. C．They should be given more opportunities. D．They were eager to explore the unknown. 【答案】24．A 25．D 26．B 27．B 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了特殊学校的学生Hoogland是一个盲人，在篮球比赛中投进了球，这创造了盲人所能取得的成就的新纪录。 24．细节理解题。根据第二段“Hoogland, who is blind, followed along as a woman tapped (轻敲) a yellow pole against the backboard and a teammate guided her to the perfect position. Thirteen seconds later, the 11th grader nailed a free throw and the silent audience erupted in roaring cheers and applause.(胡格兰是盲人，她跟着一名女子轻敲篮板上的一根黄色杆子，一名队友引导她到达完美的位置。十三秒后，这位十一年级学生罚球命中，沉默的观众爆发出欢呼声和掌声。)”可知，Hoogland是一个盲人，在她进了一次罚球后，观众欢呼起来，故选A。 25．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Zeeland Public Schools shared the extraordinary moment, filmed by Brandy Navetta, the school district’s communications and marketing director on Twitter, along with the words(泽兰公立学校在 Twitter 上分享了由该学区传播和营销总监Brandy Navetta拍摄的这一非凡时刻，并附上以下文字：)”可知，Hoogland进球的这一非凡时刻被拍摄下来，由此可推知，这场全国篮球锦标赛令人兴奋，划线单词意为“令人兴奋的”，故选D。 26．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Hoogland set a new record on what blind people can achieve and wanted this video to inspire all those who are facing challenges. “I’m hoping this video will inspire others to keep trying no matter what their challenges are,” she said.(霍格兰创造了盲人所能取得的成就的新纪录，并希望这段视频能够激励所有面临挑战的人。“我希望这段视频能够激励其他人继续尝试，无论他们面临什么挑战，”她说。)”可推知，Hoogland通过她的故事向我们传递这样一个道理：永远不要害怕应对挑战，故选B。 27．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Nathan所说的“The lens (视角) with which many of our special education students are viewed has now been forever changed. They know that they are important, and they recognize that they are contributing members of our student body!(我们许多特殊教育学生观看的视角现在已经永远改变了。他们知道自己很重要，并且认识到自己是对我们学生团体做出贡献的成员！)”可推知，特殊教育的学生从zLinks这一项目中获得了自信，故选B。 Passage 8 To know parents’ influence on students’ learning, researchers studied 438 kids and their parents. Before a school year started, the researchers asked parents to write down how anxious they would feel in different situations connected with math like planning their money spending or checking their house’s size. They also checked their children’s math ability and math anxiety in a school year. The study found kids whose parents were anxious about math learned less math over the school year. And these kids didn’t perform as well on the tests as those who hadn’t been exposed to math anxiety. Besides, these kids also were more likely to become nervous about math themselves. But these kids only “ caught ” that anxiety if their parents had often tried to help with their homework. This is an example of good intentions having a bad result. The study’s result appeared in Psychological Science. Erin Maloney led the study. As someone who has personally experienced math anxiety, she says, “ I was always very nervous about math, not only taking tests but also learning the new concepts. So I really tried to balk at math, including finding excuses to miss math tests and not wanting to do math homework. ” It was only after she saw how math could be applied to her passion that she started to enjoy math. Parents with math anxiety should still support their kids as the kids work on math homework, though. But they should know helping kids with schoolwork requires more than just going over facts and concepts. Parents should help kids look for ways to have fun with math, like playing math-based games. When kids have difficulty in learning, encourage them to bravely face it but don’t make them nervous. What can students do if they’re already nervous about math? Maloney says, “ My earlier study showed that students who wrote about their fears of math for 7 to 10 minutes before taking a math test performed better on that test. After the writing process，many students said their fears weren’t such a big deal. ” 28．The 438 kids’ parents were asked to present ______ . A．their attitudes to school education B．their opinions on kids’ math ability C．their ways to solve kids’ math anxiety D．their math anxiety levels in their daily life 29．What result did Maloney’s team report in Psychological Science? A．Kids are more likely to be afraid of math. B．Some parents pay little attention to their kids’ study. C．Kids can pick up negative thoughts about math from their parents. D．Parents should help with their kids’ homework as little as possible. 30．What does the underlined phrase “ balk at ” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Enjoy. B．Avoid. C．Learn. D．Understand. 31．What advice would Maloney probably give to students on their math anxiety? A．Working closely with their math teachers. B．Seeking help during their learning process. C．Sparing some time to go over their notes daily. D．Removing math anxiety by admitting it to themselves. 【答案】28．D 29．C 30．B 31．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现父母对数学的焦虑可能传导给孩子，影响孩子的数学学习。 28．细节理解题。根据第一段“ Before a school year started, the researchers asked parents to write down how anxious they would feel in different situations connected with math like planning their money spending or checking their house’s size. ”（在新学年开始之前，研究人员要求家长们写下他们对数学感到焦虑的不同情况。比如计划他们的金钱支出或查看他们的房子大小。）可知，这些家长被要求提供他们日常生活中数学焦虑症的情况。故选D。 29．推理判断题。根据第二段“The study found kids whose parents were anxious about math learned less math over the school year. And these kids didn’t perform as well on the tests as those who hadn’t been exposed to math anxiety. ”（研究发现，父母对数学感到焦虑的孩子在一学年中学习数学的次数较少。这些孩子在测试中的表现不如那些没有接触到数学焦虑的孩子。）可推断，父母对数学的焦虑可能传导给孩子，影响孩子的数学学习。故选C。 30．词义猜测题。根据第三段“ I was always very nervous about math, not only taking tests but also learning the new concepts.”（我对数学总是很紧张，不仅要考试，还要学习新概念。），以及下文的“including finding excuses to miss math tests and not wanting to do math homework”（包括找借口缺席数学考试和不想做数学作业）可知，，Maloney因为焦虑尽力避免学习数学。划线词与“避免”意思接近，故选B。 31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“My earlier study showed that students who wrote about their fears of math for 7 to 10 minutes before taking a math test performed better on that test. After the writing process，many students said their fears weren’t such a big deal. ”（我之前的研究表明，那些在数学测试前将他们对数学的恐惧写7到10分钟的学生在测试中表现得更好。在写作过程结束后，许多学生表示，他们的担忧并不是什么大问题。）可知，Maloney很可能会建议这些孩子通过承认内心对数学的焦虑来消除它。故选D。 $$