Unit1 语法填空精练（知识&题型大冲关）-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期知识&题型大冲关（人教版2019必修第一册）

Unit 1 语法填空练习 目录 精练篇 1 passage 1 1 单句语法填空 4 短文语法填空 6 Passage 1 6 Passage 2 7 Passage 3 7 Passage 4 8 Passage 5 9 Passage 6 9 Passage 7 10 Passage 8 10 精练篇 passage 1 Even Very Young Children Can Be Depressed 难度⭐⭐⭐ If you doubted it, I would introduce you to Susan, who came to my office and talked constantly about her “bad feeling”. Susan 1 (lose) interest in her favorite activities, stopped playing with her friends, and told her parents that she wanted to be dead. She’d spent more time in the school nurse’s office than in her classroom. Susan was six years old and 2 (suffer) from depression. Proper treatment helped Susan recover. Without it, she might still be an unhappy child, alone and in pain. The risk for depression does tend to increase as we grow older. Depression in young children is rare but real. Rene Spitz, a 3 (note) psychological researcher, found that infants who were in an institutional orphanage after World War II refused to eat and eventually died 4 they weren’t held by their caretakers. Children have an innate need 5 (hold) and comforted. If those needs aren’t met, then even very young children can fail to thrive and may become sick and die. Approximately 1% of preschoolers experience depression; they often have great difficulty expressing their feelings, because not all of their language skills 6 (develop) sufficiently. Instead of expressing their feelings in language, the depressed preschool children are likely to show emotions by exhibiting significantly aggressive, fearful, or crying behavior. 7 most preschool children may get angry if they’re hungry, sleepy, afraid 8 their parents go away, or fail to get Daddy to buy them the latest toys, these behaviors are often carried to extremes of intensity and frequency in depressed children. Although a diagnosis of clinical depression is rare in preschool children, there are times when it is appropriate. In most cases, the child who 9 (experience) significant frustrations resulting from the death or absence of a parent, has witnessed or been victims of violence, or has had a significant health problem 10 has interrupted normal emotional or physical development. I find preschool children to be more resilient (适应力强的) than older children in dealing with these events, as long as they have a supportive parent and receive timely treatment. 词汇积累 introduce sb to：这是一个动词短语，意思是“把某人介绍给（其他人）”。例如：“He introduced his friend to me.”（他把他的朋友介绍给我。） constantly：作副词，意思是“不断地；时常地；连续地”。例如：“She is constantly thinking about her work.”（她不停地想着她的工作。） lose interest in：意思是“对......失去兴趣”。比如：“He lost interest in playing football.”（他对踢足球失去了兴趣。） suffer from depression：意思是“患有抑郁症；遭受抑郁之苦”。例如：“Many people suffer from depression these days.”（如今很多人患有抑郁症。） tend to：通常表示“倾向于；往往会；易于”。例如：“She tends to be late for meetings.”（她开会往往会迟到。） have an innate need：意思是“有一种天生的需求”。比如：“Humans have an innate need for love and acceptance.”（人类有一种对爱和接纳的天生需求。） have great difficulty in：表示“有很大的困难”。例如：“I have great difficulty in understanding this passage.”（我理解这篇文章有很大的困难。） be likely to：意思是“可能；很可能”。比如：“It is likely to rain tomorrow.”（明天可能会下雨。） frustration：作名词，意思是“挫折；沮丧；挫败”。例如：“He expressed his frustration at the situation.”（他表达了对这种情况的沮丧。） result from：意思是“由......造成；因......产生”。例如：“The accident resulted from his carelessness.”（这场事故是由他的粗心造成的。） absence of：意思是“缺乏；不存在；缺席”。比如：“The absence of water caused many problems.”（缺水造成了许多问题。） victims of violence：意思是“暴力的受害者”。例如：“We should show sympathy to the victims of violence.”（我们应该对暴力的受害者表示同情。） interrupt：作动词，意思是“打断；中断；打扰”。例如：“Don't interrupt me when I'm speaking.”（我讲话时别打断我。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 长难句分析 【1】Rene Spitz, a noted psychological researcher, found that infants who were in an institutional orphanage after World War II refused to eat and eventually died if they weren’t held by their caretakers. 译文 雷内·施皮茨，一位著名的心理学研究者，发现二战后在机构孤儿院中的婴儿在没有被看护者抱着时会拒绝进食并最终死亡。 分析 “a noted psychological researcher”是同位语，用来补充说明“Rene Spitz”的身份。 “that infants... by their caretakers”是宾语从句，整个从句充当“found”的宾语。“who were in an institutional orphanage after World War II”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“infants”。“if they weren’t held by their caretakers”是一个条件状语从句，说明婴儿拒绝进食并最终死亡的条件。 【2】Although most preschool children may get angry if they’re hungry, sleepy, afraid when their parents go away, or fail to get Daddy to buy them the latest toys, these behaviors are often carried to extremes of intensity and frequency in depressed children. 译文 尽管大多数学龄前儿童在饥饿、困倦、害怕父母离开或者父亲不给买最新的玩具时可能会生气，但这些行为在抑郁的儿童身上往往会达到强度和频率的极端。 分析 “Although most preschool children may get angry...”是although 引导的让步状语从句。 从句中“if they’re hungry, sleepy, afraid when their parents go away, or fail to get Daddy to buy them the latest toys”是条件状语从句，说明儿童可能生气的具体情况。在条件状语从句中“when their parents go away”是时间状语从句。“these behaviors are often carried to extremes of intensity and frequency in depressed children”主句。 【3】In most cases, the child who has experienced significant frustrations resulting from the death or absence of a parent, has witnessed or been victims of violence, or has had a significant health problem that has interrupted normal emotional or physical development. 译文 在大多数情况下，因父母去世或缺席而遭受重大挫折的孩子，已经目睹了或成为了暴力的受害者，或有严重的健康问题，中断了正常的情感或身体发育。 分析 “In most cases”是状语，表示“在大多数情形下”。“who has experienced significant frustrations resulting from the death or absence of a parent”是定语从句，用来修饰“the child”。 “has witnessed or been victims of violence”和“has had a significant health problem that has interrupted normal emotional or physical development”是主句的动宾结构，其中“that has interrupted normal emotional or physical development”是定语从句，修饰“health problem”。 翻译练习 1. 一旦你对你正在做的事情失去了兴趣，你可以暂停并休息一下。(lose interest in) 2. 许多孩子深受粉刺和焦虑之苦。(suffer from) 3. 道德观念往往是根深蒂固的。(tend to) 4. 我写作时因为我天生需要写作。(have an innate need) 5. 不少老年人发现要使自己适应变化的时代相当困难。(have great difficulty in) 6. 找到硬币的人很可能会有好运。(be likely to) 7. 很多头发问题是由你吃的东西引起的。(result from) 8. 此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。(result from) 单句语法填空 1．My sister has been attracted   singing since her childhood, so this chance was suitable her very much. After signing up the singing contest, she practised very hard and gave a very excellent performance. 2．The Beijing Organising Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games unveiled(公布) official uniforms for staff, technical officials and (voluntary) on Wednesday. 3．It was first introduced to the USA in 1971 by a New York Times reporter, James Reston, in an article (title) “Now, about my operation in Peking”. 4．There seems to be some over who is actually giving the talk. Stop me with other facts! I feel completely with these figures. (confuse) 5．To speak English is what every student dreams. If you keep practicing, it will certainly improve your and you will speak it just as native speakers in the end. (fluent) 6．Therefore, he completely buried himself in studying the Chinese language at the famous Peking University, and then continued his undergraduate studies at the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (improve) his knowledge. 7．To successfully from the university, Tom devoted himself to his study day in and day out. And he was rather proud to deliver a speech on the ceremony as an outstanding . (graduate) 8．The system can (actual) warn us in advance when our behaviour might lead to a negative outcome,so that we can avoid making a mistake. 9．That day, local Yao people took their clothes outside their house to dry and seek fortune. Later, dressed in their treasured costumes, they showcased how to make traditional clothes, performed group weddings and gave other unique performances as a way (attract) tourists. 10．Passengers only need to select a drink from the screen menu on an automatic device and customise (定制) it to individual (prefer). 11．We made sure to feed her extra bowl before leaving for the airport, and to our surprise,she proposed that we would meet in the LanzhouBeef Noodles restaurant next summer holiday. 12．We should be (responsibility) for the work and keep teamwork spirit in mind. 13．Its unique taste of freshness, sourness, hotness and spiciness is modern people and young people prefer. 14．(2024·镇江学情调查) (obvious), she was nervous at my office, but she was smiling and seemed to be enjoying her interaction with Puppy. 15．Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out (adventure) through the books I checked out from the library. 16．After we returned to the hotel late in the afteroon, my 7-year-old son Ponder realised that nowhere could he find his backpack, which (contain) his Gameboy and his watch. 17．Simon got an (inspire) from the (inspire) story of the girl, and he set up a volunteer group to help the disabled. More and more (teenage) joined it. 18．—Jack, can’t you behave (you)? You’re no longer a kid. —Sorry, Daddy. It won’t happen again. 19．A neighbour came to ask the band to quit （make）noises when they practised at 11:00 p. m. 20．You can’t imagine that she has been addicted books since she was 4 years old,which paves the way for her future writing. 21．In today’s lecture the f (the thing or person that people are most interested in) will be on a tax structures within the European Union（根据英文提示单词拼写） 22．Only a small percent of the citizens survived the earthquake. These said they couldn’t have made the without the soldiers’ timely rescue. (survive) (所给词的适当形式填空) 23．The story captured the hearts and minds of a (generate). The paradox of exercise is that while using a lot of energy it seems (generate) more. Rubbing plastic and wool generates electricity. 24．Very small drones with (advance) sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co­pilot. 25．The Great Wall is such a famous tourist (attract) in China that an increasing number of tourists (attract) to it each year. Some tourists even think it so (attract) that they decide to pay a visit for a second time. 短文语法填空 Passage 1 Astronauts have traditionally been serious, sensible types with the “right stuff” who can 26 (trust) to fly equipment. But any mission to Mars will need a “joker” or “class clown” figure to be 27 (success), according to NASA research. A sense of humor will be vital for any team to keep morale (士气) high on a two-year trip to Mars 28 may happen in the 2030s. According to researchers, groups work best when they have a “joker” who has the ability to pull everyone together, bridge gaps when tensions appear 29 really boost morale. When astronauts are in a confined space on a mission to Mars, tensions are likely 30 (occur). It’s vital that there should be one who can help everyone get along, so they can do their jobs and get there and back 31 (safe). Researchers have studied isolated groups of people in extreme environments including Russian, Chinese, Indian and Polish 32 (explorer) based in Antarctica. Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen succeeded while Captain Scott 33 (fail) to reach the South Pole because the Norwegians had a “clown” figure on their team. He laughed and was very happy, 34 (keep) up people’s spirits. But researchers added: “Being funny won't be enough to land somebody the job. He also needs to be 35 excellent scientist and engineer and be able to pass a strict training program.” Passage 2 Ben is a seventeen-year-old boy, who is a member of his school basketball team. He was so crazy about basketball that he got mad when they lost their last match. They played well, but the point guard didn’t play his role well. He felt 36 (disappoint) and complained about it to his friend. He was just letting off steam but his friend told everyone about what he said. He was 37 a total mess. He was 38 (real) angry with his friend and didn’t know what to do. He was so embarrassed and ashamed that he couldn’t concentrate on anything. So he wrote to Agony Aunt for help. After 39 (read) Ben’s letter, Agony Aunt replied. She quoted 40 old American saying “Loose lips sink ships.” Since then, Ben 41 (know) the truth that if you speak too much about something, especially to people 42 you don’t know so well, it will cause all kinds of trouble. It is understandable that Ben let off steam when getting angry, but he should think before speaking. Here are Agony Aunt’s 43 (suggestion). Firstly, he should apologise to his teammate. They work together, and that 44 (mean) they need to communicate with each other clearly and resolve conflicts by 45 (they). Then he should talk to his friend. Lastly, when he is angry, he shouldn’t say too much. Passage 3 Adolescence (青春期) brain changes always start earlier in girls than in boys. And around this time, males (男性) and females also begin to react 46 (different) to certain experiences — like stress. That was one finding of an analysis (分析) of research on teens 47 (require) to do tasks like solving an impossible maths problem, or 48 (give) a talk to a group of strangers. “Males’ blood pressure was 49 (high) than females,” says Beatriz Luna, professor of psychiatry and pediatrics at the University of Pittsburgh. But when people 50 took part in the research 51 (ask) about the experience later, males said, “Oh, it was fine,” while females described it 52 “extremely stressful”. Luna says that suggests there are some sex differences in certain brain circuits (回路). 53 it’s not clear whether those differences are the result of genetics, or social and cultural influences. In any case, sex differences are just 54 small part of the big changes sweeping through the brain during adolescence. And those changes continue throughout the teens and beyond. A lot of 55 (time) people will think, oh, too late, they’re teenagers, Luna says. “But no, because even though it is a time of weakness, it is also a window of chance.” Passage 4 China is home to diverse regional cuisines and a growing foreign－food scene, 56 nothing tops the hotpot ritual (用餐习惯) of placing fresh ingredients into a boiling broth (肉汤), according to a new survey. The survey, 57 (publish) by consulting firm OC&C this week, found that hotpot is Chinese favorite meal. A total of 2,600 people the firm surveyed in 21 Chinese 58 (city) in February also placed domestic hotpot chain Haidilao 59 the top of the list of the country’s 10 favorite restaurants. Hotpot was 60 (original) eaten to avoid the winter cold, but has become a favorite year－round food in China. Famous hotpot chains often have long lines of people waiting hours to get 61 table, even on hot summer days. Much of hotpot’s popularity comes from the participatory (众人参与的) nature of the cooking process and time available for socializing. Friends and family sit around a pot of boiling broth, dropping meat, vegetables and other ingredients in 62 (cook) and absorb the flavors. While the food cooks, diners chat and socialize. Hotpot’s success also 63 (lie) in the customer service at leading chains. Restaurant chains such as Haidilao provide attentive service for customers, including 64 (entertain), such as a dance performance in 65 waiters throw dough (面团) to make noodles. Passage 5 My English teacher was very tall. The moment she 66 (enter) the class, we would all sit 67 (quiet) and open the books. She would encourage me by giving me important assignments and also morning news to read during the assembly. She would come down and listen to my English debate, 68 made me take part in all debate competitions. 69 same was true of my biology and science teacher. She was very nice and sweet. She would always give me extra information on the biology project. I could not go to the lab for experiments, so she would bring the lab down and help me with the biology and science 70 (experiment) and would give me excellent marks. My friends made me monitor and the naughty boys listened to me. My friends used to help me with my notes when I was 71 (absence). My teachers always gave me important project work and I felt proud when they patted me 72 the back after I finished it quickly and correctly. I was never shouted at or made fun of or scolded by any of my friends and teachers. Today I often see the terrible punishments 73 (give) to students on TVs. I feel very sad. I really want to express my love and thanks to all my wonderful teachers and friends. Without them my school life would not 74 (be) so excellent and 75 (forget). Passage 6 It’s part of life to have challenging experiences that get you down. At times like this, you might try to change your mindset, 76 (remind) yourself that it won’t last forever or to focus on the bright side. Changing how you think about 77 (emotion) events in this way can change how you feel about them. 78 sometimes this is easier said than done. Imagine you lost a dream opportunity and you may wonder whether you’ll ever get another chance like that again. It can be difficult to break out of your mindset when having negative experiences. 79 (fortunate), getting a good friend’s perspective(见解) can help. Here 80 (come) the question: Is getting a friend’s perspective when rethinking a negative event more powerful than rethinking it 81 your own? According to some research 82 (conduct) lately, we can choose the former. How you think and feel can 83 (shape) by getting a friend’s perspective, both in the moment and over time. The next time you can’t get rid of your negative thought 84 (pattern), remember that humans are fundamentally social creatures. It’s okay to turn to the people around you and your friends, from 85 you can get new perspectives and some help. Passage 7 Cheng Yuyan never expected that the interest group “We Love Strolling in the Park”, 86 she casually created four years ago on Douban, a Chinese social media platform, would now approach 100,000 members. According to 87 225-year-old from Shanghai, establishing this group was just a spur-of-the-moment decision, 88 she didn’t invest much time in managing it afterwards. However, park enthusiasts from all over China and even overseas have spontaneously made 89 their gathering community. People share park experiences, post photos 90 (take)in parks, and offer recommendations and reviews about parks. Within this group, there is a tag called”20 minutes for parks”, which 91 (come) from a theory originating from the International Journal of Environmental Health Research. According to the theory, 92 (spend)20 minutes in a park daily helps to reduce stress, regardless of 93 people exercise in it or simply take a walk. Huang Bingbing, living in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, is an enthusiastic 94 (support) of this idea. “On that patch of grass, I could connect with living plants and animals, allowing me to refresh my mind and heal 95 the stresses of the workplace,” Huang said. Passage 8 The installation of sleeping pods in the University of Manchester library indicates a new era of beanbags（豆袋椅）, futons（日式床垫）and sleep rooms popping up on campuses across the U.K. But does this mean we are finally taking care of our students’ sleep, 96 is it an indication that students now are so constantly sleep-deprived（失眠的）that they 97 take a nap to get through the day? The benefits of taking a nap are well documented. We know that as little as six minutes’ sleep can sharpen thinking 98 improve memory, mood and mental flexibility. Leonardo da Vinci famously lived on 20-minute naps for weeks while oil painting to avoid the paint 99 (dry). But a full night’s sleep benefits the mind on a larger scale. Deep sleep at night facilitates learning and creative thinking. Some studies even show that the parts of the brain responsible for memory and creativity will shrink with constant sleep deprivation. What’s concerning for educators is 100 poor sleep at night is inevitably accompanied by poor academic performance. The most sleep-deprived students are usually also those 101 show the poorest academic performance on tests. The response of students and schools to this problem has been curious. In the competitive educational atmosphere of China, time asleep is still viewed as time 102 (waste). “If I am able to get up ten minutes before my roommates, that’s an extra ten minutes I have in my day,” said one student. In the West, the situation is 103 (contradictory); more and more universities in the U.K. are announcing 8 a.m. classes, something American students have long got accustomed to. By contrast, the University of Oxford has arranged for its students to have an extra hour in bed in the morning, with the expectation that their grades will improve. Finally, sleeping pods appeared as a compromise: schools can feel it is taking action to help, and students can feel “safe” to stay up later. Certainly, they are helping someone sleep more soundly, but 104 that is the student or the school management remains 105 (see). $$ Unit 1 语法填空练习 目录 精练篇 1 passage 1 1 单句语法填空 5 短文语法填空 11 Passage 1 11 Passage 2 13 Passage 3 15 Passage 4 16 Passage 5 18 Passage 6 20 Passage 7 21 Passage 8 23 精练篇 passage 1 Even Very Young Children Can Be Depressed 难度⭐⭐⭐ If you doubted it, I would introduce you to Susan, who came to my office and talked constantly about her “bad feeling”. Susan 1 (lose) interest in her favorite activities, stopped playing with her friends, and told her parents that she wanted to be dead. She’d spent more time in the school nurse’s office than in her classroom. Susan was six years old and 2 (suffer) from depression. Proper treatment helped Susan recover. Without it, she might still be an unhappy child, alone and in pain. The risk for depression does tend to increase as we grow older. Depression in young children is rare but real. Rene Spitz, a 3 (note) psychological researcher, found that infants who were in an institutional orphanage after World War II refused to eat and eventually died 4 they weren’t held by their caretakers. Children have an innate need 5 (hold) and comforted. If those needs aren’t met, then even very young children can fail to thrive and may become sick and die. Approximately 1% of preschoolers experience depression; they often have great difficulty expressing their feelings, because not all of their language skills 6 (develop) sufficiently. Instead of expressing their feelings in language, the depressed preschool children are likely to show emotions by exhibiting significantly aggressive, fearful, or crying behavior. 7 most preschool children may get angry if they’re hungry, sleepy, afraid 8 their parents go away, or fail to get Daddy to buy them the latest toys, these behaviors are often carried to extremes of intensity and frequency in depressed children. Although a diagnosis of clinical depression is rare in preschool children, there are times when it is appropriate. In most cases, the child who 9 (experience) significant frustrations resulting from the death or absence of a parent, has witnessed or been victims of violence, or has had a significant health problem 10 has interrupted normal emotional or physical development. I find preschool children to be more resilient (适应力强的) than older children in dealing with these events, as long as they have a supportive parent and receive timely treatment. 词汇积累 introduce sb to：这是一个动词短语，意思是“把某人介绍给（其他人）”。例如：“He introduced his friend to me.”（他把他的朋友介绍给我。） constantly：作副词，意思是“不断地；时常地；连续地”。例如：“She is constantly thinking about her work.”（她不停地想着她的工作。） lose interest in：意思是“对......失去兴趣”。比如：“He lost interest in playing football.”（他对踢足球失去了兴趣。） suffer from depression：意思是“患有抑郁症；遭受抑郁之苦”。例如：“Many people suffer from depression these days.”（如今很多人患有抑郁症。） tend to：通常表示“倾向于；往往会；易于”。例如：“She tends to be late for meetings.”（她开会往往会迟到。） have an innate need：意思是“有一种天生的需求”。比如：“Humans have an innate need for love and acceptance.”（人类有一种对爱和接纳的天生需求。） have great difficulty in：表示“有很大的困难”。例如：“I have great difficulty in understanding this passage.”（我理解这篇文章有很大的困难。） be likely to：意思是“可能；很可能”。比如：“It is likely to rain tomorrow.”（明天可能会下雨。） frustration：作名词，意思是“挫折；沮丧；挫败”。例如：“He expressed his frustration at the situation.”（他表达了对这种情况的沮丧。） result from：意思是“由......造成；因......产生”。例如：“The accident resulted from his carelessness.”（这场事故是由他的粗心造成的。） absence of：意思是“缺乏；不存在；缺席”。比如：“The absence of water caused many problems.”（缺水造成了许多问题。） victims of violence：意思是“暴力的受害者”。例如：“We should show sympathy to the victims of violence.”（我们应该对暴力的受害者表示同情。） interrupt：作动词，意思是“打断；中断；打扰”。例如：“Don't interrupt me when I'm speaking.”（我讲话时别打断我。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 长难句分析 【1】Rene Spitz, a noted psychological researcher, found that infants who were in an institutional orphanage after World War II refused to eat and eventually died if they weren’t held by their caretakers. 译文 雷内·施皮茨，一位著名的心理学研究者，发现二战后在机构孤儿院中的婴儿在没有被看护者抱着时会拒绝进食并最终死亡。 分析 “a noted psychological researcher”是同位语，用来补充说明“Rene Spitz”的身份。 “that infants... by their caretakers”是宾语从句，整个从句充当“found”的宾语。“who were in an institutional orphanage after World War II”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“infants”。“if they weren’t held by their caretakers”是一个条件状语从句，说明婴儿拒绝进食并最终死亡的条件。 【2】Although most preschool children may get angry if they’re hungry, sleepy, afraid when their parents go away, or fail to get Daddy to buy them the latest toys, these behaviors are often carried to extremes of intensity and frequency in depressed children. 译文 尽管大多数学龄前儿童在饥饿、困倦、害怕父母离开或者父亲不给买最新的玩具时可能会生气，但这些行为在抑郁的儿童身上往往会达到强度和频率的极端。 分析 “Although most preschool children may get angry...”是although 引导的让步状语从句。 从句中“if they’re hungry, sleepy, afraid when their parents go away, or fail to get Daddy to buy them the latest toys”是条件状语从句，说明儿童可能生气的具体情况。在条件状语从句中“when their parents go away”是时间状语从句。“these behaviors are often carried to extremes of intensity and frequency in depressed children”主句。 【3】In most cases, the child who has experienced significant frustrations resulting from the death or absence of a parent, has witnessed or been victims of violence, or has had a significant health problem that has interrupted normal emotional or physical development. 译文 在大多数情况下，因父母去世或缺席而遭受重大挫折的孩子，已经目睹了或成为了暴力的受害者，或有严重的健康问题，中断了正常的情感或身体发育。 分析 “In most cases”是状语，表示“在大多数情形下”。“who has experienced significant frustrations resulting from the death or absence of a parent”是定语从句，用来修饰“the child”。 “has witnessed or been victims of violence”和“has had a significant health problem that has interrupted normal emotional or physical development”是主句的动宾结构，其中“that has interrupted normal emotional or physical development”是定语从句，修饰“health problem”。 翻译练习 1. 一旦你对你正在做的事情失去了兴趣，你可以暂停并休息一下。(lose interest in) Once you lose interest in what you're doing, you can take a break from it. 2. 许多孩子深受粉刺和焦虑之苦。(suffer from) Many kids suffer from acne and angst. 3. 道德观念往往是根深蒂固的。(tend to) Morals tend to be deeply ingrained. 4. 我写作时因为我天生需要写作。(have an innate need) I write because I have an innate need to write. 5. 不少老年人发现要使自己适应变化的时代相当困难。(have great difficulty in) Many old people find they have great difficulty in adapting themselves to the changing times. 6. 找到硬币的人很可能会有好运。(be likely to) The person who finds the coin will be likely to have good luck. 7. 很多头发问题是由你吃的东西引起的。(result from) Many hair problems result from what you eat. 8. 此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。(result from) The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof. 答案解析 【答案】1．had lost/lost 2．suffered/was suffering 3．noted 4．if /when 5．to be held 6．are developed/have been developed 7．While/Although/Though 8．when 9．has experienced 10．that//which 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了甚至非常小的孩子也会抑郁，作者分析了其中的原因，并表示只要有父母的支持和及时的治疗，这些孩子会表现得更好。 1．考查动词时态。句意：苏珊对她喜欢的活动失去了兴趣，不再和她的朋友一起玩，并告诉她的父母她想死。分析句子可知，空格处为句子谓语部分，根据后文的“stopped”以及“and told”可知这是三个连续的动作，应使用一般过去时。或者，此处的动作发生在“stopped”以及“and told”这两个动作之前，应使用过去完成时，故填had lost/lost。 2．考查动词时态。句意：苏珊六岁，患有抑郁症。分析句子可知，空格处为句子谓语部分，根据前面的“was”可知应使用一般过去时；或者过去的一种状态，强调持续进行，使用过去进行时，故填suffered/was suffering。 3．考查形容词。句意：Rene Spitz是一名著名的心理学研究者，他发现二战后孤儿院里的婴儿没有得到看护者的照顾时，就会拒绝进食并最终死亡。分析句子可知，空格处为定语修饰名词researcher，应使用noted，故填noted。 4．考查状语从句连接词。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处缺少状语从句连接词，此处可以表示条件，也可以表示时间，因此可以使用连接词if引导条件状语从句或者when引导时间状语从句，故填if /when。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：孩子有一种与生俱来拥抱和安慰的需求。分析句子可知，空格处为后置定语修饰名词need，应使用不定式形式，表示的意思是“被拥抱”，应使用不定式的不定式，故填to be held。 6．考查动词。句意：他们经常很难表达自己的感情，因为他们的语言能力并没有得到充分的发展。分析句子可知，空格处为原因状语从句的谓语部分，根据句意以及前面的have可知，应使用一般现在时，主语skills和动词develop是被动关系，应使用一般现在时被动语态；或者，表示对现在的影响，应使用现在完成时的被动语态，故填are developed/have been developed。 7．考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管大多数学龄前儿童在父母离开时，如果他们饿了、困了、害怕了，或者没有让爸爸给他们买最新的玩具，他们可能会生气，但在抑郁的儿童中，这些行为往往会达到极端的强度和频率。分析句子可知，空格处为让步状语从句引导词，用While/Although/Though表示“尽管”，故填While/Although/Though。 8．考查时间状语从句。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处为时间状语从句引导词，应使用连接副词when，故填when。 9．考查动词时态。句意：在大多数情况下，儿童因父母的死亡或缺席而经历重大挫折，目睹或成为暴力的受害者，或有严重的健康问题，从而中断了正常的情绪或身体发展。分析句子可知，空格处为，根据后文的“has witnessed”可知，此处应使用现在完成时，故填has experienced。 10．考查定语从句。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处为定语从句引导词，先行词是problem，定语从句缺少主语，应使用that或者which，故填that/which。 单句语法填空 1．My sister has been attracted   singing since her childhood, so this chance was suitable her very much. After signing up the singing contest, she practised very hard and gave a very excellent performance. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 by for for 【详解】考查介词。句意：我妹妹从小就喜欢唱歌，所以这个机会非常适合她。报名参加歌唱比赛后，她刻苦练习，表演非常出色。由“My sister has been attracted”可知，“我”妹妹是被唱歌吸引，第一空意为“被”，用介词by；be suitable for是固定短语，意为“适合”，因此第二空是介词for；sign up for是固定短语，意为“报名参加”，因此第三空是介词for。故填by，for，for。 2．The Beijing Organising Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games unveiled(公布) official uniforms for staff, technical officials and (voluntary) on Wednesday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】volunteers 　 【详解】考查名词。句意：周三，北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会组织委员会公布了工作人员、技术官员和志愿者的官方制服。根据句子结构及语境可知，设空处与空前的staff和technical officials共同作介词for的宾语,表示“志愿者”,应用名词volunteer；空前没有限定词修饰,应用名词的复数形式。故填volunteers。 3．It was first introduced to the USA in 1971 by a New York Times reporter, James Reston, in an article (title) “Now, about my operation in Peking”. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】titled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：1971年，《纽约时报》记者詹姆斯·莱斯顿在一篇名为《现在，关于我在北京的行动》的文章中首次将它引入美国。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰article，article和动词title为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填titled。 4．There seems to be some over who is actually giving the talk. Stop me with other facts! I feel completely with these figures. (confuse) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 confusion confusing confused confusing 【详解】考查名词、动词和形容词。句意：对于到底是谁在做演讲似乎有些困惑。别用其他事实把我弄糊涂了!我对这些令人困惑的数字感到十分困惑。some后接不可数名词confusion。stop doing sth,所以填confusing。feel后接confused作表语，表示我困惑。形容词修饰物，用confusing作定语。故填confusion；confusing；confused；confusing。 5．To speak English is what every student dreams. If you keep practicing, it will certainly improve your and you will speak it just as native speakers in the end. (fluent) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 fluent fluency fluently 【详解】考查名词、形容词、副词。句意：说一口流利的英语是每个学生的梦想。如果你继续练习，它肯定会提高你的流利度，你最终会像母语人士一样流利地说。分析句子结构可知，第一个设空处位于名词前使用形容词fluent作定语，第二个设空处位于形容词性物主代词后使用名词fluency作宾语，不可数，第三个设空处使用副词fluently修饰动词作状语，故填①fluent②fluency③fluently。 6．Therefore, he completely buried himself in studying the Chinese language at the famous Peking University, and then continued his undergraduate studies at the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (improve) his knowledge. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to improve 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，他在著名的北京大学埋头学习汉语，然后在北京中医药大学继续他的本科学习，以提高自己的知识。空处需填非谓语动词作目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to improve。 7．To successfully from the university, Tom devoted himself to his study day in and day out. And he was rather proud to deliver a speech on the ceremony as an outstanding . (graduate) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 graduate graduation graduate 【详解】考查名词和动词。句意：为了顺利从大学毕业，汤姆夜以继日地致力于学习。作为一名优秀的毕业生，他很自豪地在毕业典礼上发表演讲。第一个空为动词不定式作目的状语，所以填graduate。第二个空为名词graduation作定语。第三个空为名词graduate作宾语，不定冠词提示单数。故填graduate；graduation；graduate。 8．The system can (actual) warn us in advance when our behaviour might lead to a negative outcome,so that we can avoid making a mistake. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】actually 【详解】考查副词。句意：当我们的行为可能导致负面结果时，这个系统实际上可以提前警告我们，这样我们就可以避免犯错。此处修饰动词warn，应用副词actually“实际上”，作状语。故填actually。 9．That day, local Yao people took their clothes outside their house to dry and seek fortune. Later, dressed in their treasured costumes, they showcased how to make traditional clothes, performed group weddings and gave other unique performances as a way (attract) tourists. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to attract 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这一天，当地的瑶族人把他们的衣服拿到屋外晒干，碰运气。后来，他们穿着他们珍贵的服装，展示如何制作传统服装，进行集体婚礼和其他独特的表演，以作为吸引游客的方式。way后常用不定式作后置定语。故填to attract。 10．Passengers only need to select a drink from the screen menu on an automatic device and customise (定制) it to individual (prefer). （用所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】preference 【详解】考查名词。句意：乘客只需要从自动设备的屏幕菜单中选择一种饮料，并根据个人喜好进行定制。设空处应用名词作介词to的宾语，individual preference为固定短语，意为“个人喜好”，符合句意，故填preference。 11．We made sure to feed her extra bowl before leaving for the airport, and to our surprise,she proposed that we would meet in the LanzhouBeef Noodles restaurant next summer holiday. (适当的词填空) 【答案】an 【详解】考查冠词。句意：在去机场之前，我们一定要多喂她一碗。令我们惊讶的是，她提议我们明年暑假在兰州牛肉面餐厅见面。根据句意可知，bowl是可数名词，此处缺少冠词表示泛指，需要不定冠词；空格后单词extra以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 12．We should be (responsibility) for the work and keep teamwork spirit in mind. 【答案】responsible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们应该对工作负责，并保持团队合作精神。空处需填形容词responsible，作表语。故填responsible。 13．Its unique taste of freshness, sourness, hotness and spiciness is modern people and young people prefer. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：其独特的鲜、酸、辛、辣的口感是现代人和年轻人的最爱。分析句子，设空处引导表语从句。表语从句缺宾语，表示“现代人和年轻人的最爱的东西”，所以用what引导该从句。故填what。 14．(2024·镇江学情调查) (obvious), she was nervous at my office, but she was smiling and seemed to be enjoying her interaction with Puppy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Obviously 【详解】考查副词。句意：很明显，她在我办公室里感到紧张，但她微笑着，看起来似乎很享受和小狗的互动。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用副词，obvious为形容词，其副词为：obviously，故填Obviously。 15．Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out (adventure) through the books I checked out from the library. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】adventures 【详解】考查名词。句意：故事对我来说就像空气一样，当其他孩子在打球或参加聚会时，我通过从图书馆借的书来实现冒险。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作宾语，由语意可知，此处意为“冒险”，表示泛指，要用名词复数，故空处应用adventures。故填adventures。 16．After we returned to the hotel late in the afteroon, my 7-year-old son Ponder realised that nowhere could he find his backpack, which (contain) his Gameboy and his watch. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】contained 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：下午晚些时候我们回到酒店后，我7岁的儿子庞德意识到他的背包到处都找不到了，里面装着他的游戏机和手表。设空处在限制性定语从句中作谓语，根据主句时态，从句也用一般过去时态，contain，意为“装有”，与逻辑主语backpack之间为主谓关系，用主动语态。故填contained。 17．Simon got an (inspire) from the (inspire) story of the girl, and he set up a volunteer group to help the disabled. More and more (teenage) joined it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 inspiration inspiring teenagers 【详解】考查名词和形容词。根据第一空前的冠词an，以及分析句子可知，此空应填可数名词单数，故填inspiration。根据句意可知，第二空应填形容词，修饰名词story of the girl“女孩的故事”，作定语，故填inspiring。根据第三空前的修饰词more and more可知，此空应填可数名词复数，故填teenagers。 18．—Jack, can’t you behave (you)? You’re no longer a kid.(所给词的适当形式填空) —Sorry, Daddy. It won’t happen again. 【答案】yourself 【详解】考查反身代词。句意：——Jack，你就不能规矩一点吗？你不再是个孩子了。——抱歉，爸爸。它不会再发生了。空处作behave的宾语，和主语是同一指代对象，且此处指Jack一个人，应用反身代词yourself，behave oneself“守规矩，表现得体”。故填yourself。 19．A neighbour came to ask the band to quit （make）noises when they practised at 11:00 p. m. (用单词的适当形式填空) 【答案】making 【详解】考查动名词。句意：当乐队在晚上11点练习时，一位邻居来要求他们停止制造噪音。分析句子可知，这里考查quit doing sth, 意为“停止做某事”，为固定搭配。故填making。 20．You can’t imagine that she has been addicted books since she was 4 years old,which paves the way for her future writing. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】to 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：你无法想象她从4岁起就沉迷于书籍，这为她未来的写作铺平了道路。此处使用介词to，be addicted to“沉迷于”，为固定短语。故填to。 21．In today’s lecture the f (the thing or person that people are most interested in) will be on a tax structures within the European Union（根据英文提示单词拼写） 【答案】focus/ocus 【详解】考查名词。句意：在今天的讲座中，重点（人们最感兴趣的事物或人）将放在欧盟内部的税收结构上。根据句意可知空处表示“重点”，结合首字母，应为focus，做主语，故填focus。 22．Only a small percent of the citizens survived the earthquake. These said they couldn’t have made the without the soldiers’ timely rescue. (survive) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 survivors survival 【详解】考查名词。句意：只有一小部分市民在地震中幸存下来。这些幸存者说，如果没有士兵们的及时救援，他们不可能活下来。空前是形容词，所以①空处应填名词作主语，根据句意，此处指人，应是survivor意为“幸存者”，根据these可知用复数形式，②空前是冠词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，此处表达“幸存”之意，应是survival。故填①survivors，②survival。 23．The story captured the hearts and minds of a (generate). The paradox of exercise is that while using a lot of energy it seems (generate) more. Rubbing plastic and wool generates electricity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 generation to generate 【详解】考查名词、非谓语动词。句意：这个故事打动了一代人的心。运动的矛盾之处在于，虽然消耗了大量的能量，却能产生更多的能量。摩擦塑料和羊毛可以发电。第一句中根据空前冠词a可知，填所给词的名词单数形式generation，表示“一代人”。第二句中that引导的表语从句中有谓语seems，故使用非谓语动词形式，seem to do sth.是固定用法，意为“似乎做……，好像……”，即to generate。故填generation；to generate。 24．Very small drones with (advance) sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co­pilot.（用所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】advanced 【详解】考查形容词。句意：配备先进传感器和人工智能的小型无人机在列车前方飞行，可以像副驾驶一样引导列车。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词，advanced意为“先进的”，符合句意。故填advanced。 25．The Great Wall is such a famous tourist (attract) in China that an increasing number of tourists (attract) to it each year. Some tourists even think it so (attract) that they decide to pay a visit for a second time. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 attraction are attracted attractive 【详解】考查名词、动词和形容词。句意：长城是中国著名的旅游景点，每年都有越来越多的游客被它吸引。一些游客甚至认为它很有吸引力，所以他们决定再次参观。第一空，空处应用名词attraction，tourist attraction表示“旅游景点，旅游胜地”，前边有不定冠词a，名词应用单数形式作句子表语；第二空，根据句中is可知，句子使用一般现在时，attract与主语an increasing number of tourists之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语an increasing number of tourists表示复数概念，be动词应用are；第三空，空处应用形容词attractive，表示“有吸引力的”，在句中作宾语补足语，符合题意。故填①attraction，②are attracted，③attractive。 短文语法填空 Passage 1 Astronauts have traditionally been serious, sensible types with the “right stuff” who can 26 (trust) to fly equipment. But any mission to Mars will need a “joker” or “class clown” figure to be 27 (success), according to NASA research. A sense of humor will be vital for any team to keep morale (士气) high on a two-year trip to Mars 28 may happen in the 2030s. According to researchers, groups work best when they have a “joker” who has the ability to pull everyone together, bridge gaps when tensions appear 29 really boost morale. When astronauts are in a confined space on a mission to Mars, tensions are likely 30 (occur). It’s vital that there should be one who can help everyone get along, so they can do their jobs and get there and back 31 (safe). Researchers have studied isolated groups of people in extreme environments including Russian, Chinese, Indian and Polish 32 (explorer) based in Antarctica. Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen succeeded while Captain Scott 33 (fail) to reach the South Pole because the Norwegians had a “clown” figure on their team. He laughed and was very happy, 34 (keep) up people’s spirits. But researchers added: “Being funny won't be enough to land somebody the job. He also needs to be 35 excellent scientist and engineer and be able to pass a strict training program.” 【答案】26．be trusted 27．successful 28．which/that 29．and 30．to occur 31．safely 32．explorers 33．failed 34．keeping 35．an 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了幽默搞笑的人做宇航员，能帮助团队保持高昂的士气，使团队工作效果更好。 26．考查被动语态。句意：传统的宇航员都是严肃、明智的，拥有“应有的素质”，可以信任他们驾驶设备飞行。动词trust和定语从句的主语who之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。在情态动词can之后，故填be trusted。 27．考查形容词。句意：但据美国国家航空航天局研究，任何火星任务都需要一个“爱开玩笑的人”或“团队小丑”才能成功。根据句意和前文系动词be可知，此处应用其形容词作表语。故填successful。 28．考查定语从句。句意：去往火星需要2年时间，幽默感对于任何团队保持高昂的士气都是至关重要的，火星之旅可能在21世纪30年代出发。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是trip，指代事物，用关系代词which或that引导从句，作主语。故填which/that。 29．考查连词。句意：根据研究人员的说法，当团队中有一个“爱开玩笑的人”时，这个团队的工作效果最好，他有能力把所有人团结在一起，在紧张局势出现时弥合分歧，真正鼓舞士气。根据句意可知，前后文之间是并列关系。故填and。 30．考查固定句型。句意：当宇航员在执行火星任务时，和其他人处于密闭空间中，很可能会出现紧张局势。be likely to do sth“可能做某事”为固定句型。故填to occur。 31．考查副词。句意：至关重要的是，应该有一个能帮助每个人和谐相处的人，这样他们才能做好自己的工作，安全地往返于那里。修饰前文动词用副词。故填safely。 32．考查名词。句意：研究人员研究了极端环境下的孤立人群，包括驻扎在南极洲的俄罗斯、中国、印度和波兰探险家。根据Russian, Chinese, Indian and Polish句意可知，此处名词应用复数形式。故填explorers。 33．考查动词时态。句意：挪威探险家Roald Amundsen成功了，而Captain Scott却没能到达南极，因为挪威人的团队里有一个“小丑”人物。根据前文succeeded可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填failed。 34．考查非谓语动词。句意：他大笑，笑得很开心，使人们精神振奋。动词keep和主语之间是主动的关系，故用其现在分词作状语，表示自然结果。故填keeping。 35．考查冠词。句意：他还需要成为一名优秀的科学家和工程师，并能够通过严格的培训计划。此处scientist和engineer为可数名词单数，指同一个人，应用不定冠词限定，表示泛指。所连接的单词excellent发音以元音开头，故填an。 Passage 2 Ben is a seventeen-year-old boy, who is a member of his school basketball team. He was so crazy about basketball that he got mad when they lost their last match. They played well, but the point guard didn’t play his role well. He felt 36 (disappoint) and complained about it to his friend. He was just letting off steam but his friend told everyone about what he said. He was 37 a total mess. He was 38 (real) angry with his friend and didn’t know what to do. He was so embarrassed and ashamed that he couldn’t concentrate on anything. So he wrote to Agony Aunt for help. After 39 (read) Ben’s letter, Agony Aunt replied. She quoted 40 old American saying “Loose lips sink ships.” Since then, Ben 41 (know) the truth that if you speak too much about something, especially to people 42 you don’t know so well, it will cause all kinds of trouble. It is understandable that Ben let off steam when getting angry, but he should think before speaking. Here are Agony Aunt’s 43 (suggestion). Firstly, he should apologise to his teammate. They work together, and that 44 (mean) they need to communicate with each other clearly and resolve conflicts by 45 (they). Then he should talk to his friend. Lastly, when he is angry, he shouldn’t say too much. 【答案】36．disappointed 37．in 38．really 39．reading 40．an 41．has known 42．who/whom/that 43．suggestions 44．means 45．themselves 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是17岁的Ben在输掉一场篮球比赛后的发泄情绪，抱怨队友的话被传开，这使得他又尴尬又惭愧，什么事也不能集中精力，于是他写信给知心大姐寻求帮助，知心大姐给Ben回信提出建议。 36．考查形容词。句意：他感到很失望，并向他的朋友抱怨。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作表语，disappoint的形容词为disappointed意为“失望的”和disappointing意为“令人失望的”，结合句意可知，此处表示“失望的”符合句意。故填disappointed。 37．考查介词。句意：他的状态一团糟。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定短语in a mess意为“一团糟”符合句意。故填in。 38．考查副词。句意：他真地很生朋友的气，不知道该做什么。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语修饰形容词angry，real的副词为really意为“真地”符合句意。故填really。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：看了Ben的信后，知心大姐回信了。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作宾语，after为介词，所以此处应是动名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示主动意义。故填reading。 40．考查冠词。句意：她引用了一句古老的美国谚语：“祸从口出。”分析句子结构可知，saying为可数名词单数，其前没有限定词，所以此处应使用冠词，结合句意可知，此处表示泛指数量“一”，所以使用不定冠词，且old的首个音素为元音，前边应用an。故填an。 41．考查时态。句意：从那以后，Ben明白了一个道理：如果你对某件事说得太多，尤其是对你不太了解的人，就会引起各种各样的麻烦。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语Since then可知，句子应用现在完成时，且与句子主语Ben之间为主动关系，主语为Ben是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has known。 42．考查定语从句。句意：从那以后，Ben明白了一个道理：如果你对某件事说得太多，尤其是对你不太了解的人，就会引起各种各样的麻烦。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词people指人，从句中缺少know的宾语，所以使用关系代词who/whom/that引导从句。故填who/whom/that。 43．考查名词。句意：以下是知心大姐的建议。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作主语，suggest的名词为suggestion意为“建议”，根据be动词are可知，此处应使用名词复数。故填suggestions。 44．考查时态。句意：他们一起工作，这意味着他们需要清楚地彼此沟通，并自己解决冲突。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据并列句的谓语动词work可知，此处应使用一般现在时，且句子主语that与mean之间为主动关系，且主语为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填means。 45．考查代词。句意：他们一起工作，这意味着他们需要清楚地彼此沟通，并自己解决冲突。分析句子结构可知，此处为代词作宾语，与主语they指代的对象一致，所以使用反身代词，they的反身代词为themselves，by themselves意为“靠他们自己”。故填themselves。 Passage 3 Adolescence (青春期) brain changes always start earlier in girls than in boys. And around this time, males (男性) and females also begin to react 46 (different) to certain experiences — like stress. That was one finding of an analysis (分析) of research on teens 47 (require) to do tasks like solving an impossible maths problem, or 48 (give) a talk to a group of strangers. “Males’ blood pressure was 49 (high) than females,” says Beatriz Luna, professor of psychiatry and pediatrics at the University of Pittsburgh. But when people 50 took part in the research 51 (ask) about the experience later, males said, “Oh, it was fine,” while females described it 52 “extremely stressful”. Luna says that suggests there are some sex differences in certain brain circuits (回路). 53 it’s not clear whether those differences are the result of genetics, or social and cultural influences. In any case, sex differences are just 54 small part of the big changes sweeping through the brain during adolescence. And those changes continue throughout the teens and beyond. A lot of 55 (time) people will think, oh, too late, they’re teenagers, Luna says. “But no, because even though it is a time of weakness, it is also a window of chance.” 【答案】 46．differently 47．required 48．giving 49．higher 50．who/that 51．were asked 52．as 53．But/Yet 54．a 55．times/time 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。女孩的青春期大脑变化总是比男孩开始得早。大约在这个时候，男性和女性也开始对某些经历做出不同的反应，比如压力。本文阐述了相关的差异。 46．考查副词。句意：大约在这个时候，男性和女性也开始对某些经历做出不同的反应，比如压力。此处修饰动词react，应用副词differently“不同地”。故填differently。 47．考查非谓语动词。句意：这是一项对青少年进行研究分析的发现，这些青少年需要完成解决一道不可能的数学题或与一群陌生人交谈等任务。分析句子可知，此处作后置定语，修饰名词teens，二者之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应使用过去分词。故填required。 48．考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。分析句子可知，此处与solving相呼应，作介词like的宾语，应使用动名词。故填giving。 49．考查形容词比较级。句意：男性的血压高于女性。分析句子可知，此处是一个than连接的比较状语从句，其前用形容词比较级。故填higher。 50．考查定语从句。句意：但当参与研究的人后来被问及这段经历时，男性说，“哦，还好”。分析句子可知，空格处是限定性定语从句，先行词是people，指人，关系词在从句作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。 51．考查动词语态。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处为时间状语从句的谓语部分，主语people和动词ask之间是被动关系，本文时态是一般过去时，因此要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were asked。 52．考查介词。句意：而女性则说“压力很大”。分析句子可知，空格处缺少介词，和前面的动词构成固定短语describe sth as，表示“把……描述为”。故填as。 53．考查连词。句意：但目前还不清楚这些差异是遗传、激素还是社会和文化影响的结果。根据句意，前后含转折关系，应用but或yet。故填But或Yet。 54．考查冠词。句意：性别差异只是青春期席卷大脑的巨大变化的一小部分。分析句子可知，空格处缺少冠词，这里用不定冠词表达“一小部分”，small是以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 55．考查名词。句意：很多时候人们会想，哦，太晚了，他们都是青少年。并表示“(某事发生或应该发生的) 时间，时候”是可数名词，也是不可数名词，根据修饰词“a lot of” 可知，此处填复数也可以使用不可数形式。故填times或time。 Passage 4 China is home to diverse regional cuisines and a growing foreign－food scene, 56 nothing tops the hotpot ritual (用餐习惯) of placing fresh ingredients into a boiling broth (肉汤), according to a new survey. The survey, 57 (publish) by consulting firm OC&C this week, found that hotpot is Chinese favorite meal. A total of 2,600 people the firm surveyed in 21 Chinese 58 (city) in February also placed domestic hotpot chain Haidilao 59 the top of the list of the country’s 10 favorite restaurants. Hotpot was 60 (original) eaten to avoid the winter cold, but has become a favorite year－round food in China. Famous hotpot chains often have long lines of people waiting hours to get 61 table, even on hot summer days. Much of hotpot’s popularity comes from the participatory (众人参与的) nature of the cooking process and time available for socializing. Friends and family sit around a pot of boiling broth, dropping meat, vegetables and other ingredients in 62 (cook) and absorb the flavors. While the food cooks, diners chat and socialize. Hotpot’s success also 63 (lie) in the customer service at leading chains. Restaurant chains such as Haidilao provide attentive service for customers, including 64 (entertain), such as a dance performance in 65 waiters throw dough (面团) to make noodles. 【答案】 56．but 57．published 58．cities 59．at 60．originally 61．a 62．to cook 63．lies 64．entertainment 65．which 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了火锅及其受欢迎的原因。 56．考查连词。句意：中国有各种各样的地方菜系，也有越来越多的外国美食，但一项最新调查显示，没有什么比得上将新鲜食材放入滚烫的汤汁中的火锅仪式。空格处需要填入连词，前后句之间为转折关系，所以用but。故填but。 57．考查非谓语动词。句意：咨询公司OC&C本周发布的这项调查发现，火锅是中国人最喜欢的食物。空格处需要填入非谓语动词，动词与逻辑主语survey之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词，表示被动。故填published。 58．考查名词。句意：今年2月，该公司对中国21个城市的2600人进行了调查，结果显示，国内火锅连锁店海底捞名列中国最受欢迎的10家餐厅之首。空格前为“21”，所以需要用复数。故填cities。 59．考查介词。句意：今年2月，该公司对中国21个城市的2600人进行了调查，结果显示，国内火锅连锁店海底捞名列中国最受欢迎的10家餐厅之首。此处表示在“……顶端”，说明国内最受欢迎的火锅；at the top of意为“在……顶端”。故填at。 60．考查副词。句意：火锅最初是为了避寒而吃的，但现在已经成为中国一年四季都受欢迎的食物。空格处位于动词之前，修饰动词，所以需要用副词。original的副词为originally，意为“起初，原来”。故填originally。 61．考查冠词。句意：即使是在炎热的夏天，著名的火锅连锁店也经常会有很多人排着长队等上几个小时。空格处位于单数可数名词前，表泛指，因此需要用冠词；冠词后的单词，首字母发音为辅音，所以用a。故填a。 62．考查非谓语动词。句意：亲朋好友围坐在一锅沸腾的汤前，将肉、蔬菜和其他食材下进锅里去，以烹制并吸收味道。这里作目的状语，用动词不定式。故填to cook。 63．考查动词的时态与主谓一致。句意：火锅的成功还在于领先连锁店的客户服务。空格处需要填入谓语动词；此处描述的事实，所以用一般现在时，句子的主语为单数，所以谓语动词用单数。故填lies。 64．考查名词。句意：海底捞等连锁餐厅为顾客提供周到的服务，包括娱乐节目，比如服务员扔面团做面条的舞蹈表演。介词including之后加名词，entertain的名词为entertainment，为不可数名词。故填entertainment。 65．考查定语从句。句意：海底捞等连锁餐厅为顾客提供周到的服务，包括娱乐节目，比如服务员扔面团做面条的舞蹈表演。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词为performance，关系词作介词in的宾语，应用which，构成“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，故用which。 Passage 5 My English teacher was very tall. The moment she 66 (enter) the class, we would all sit 67 (quiet) and open the books. She would encourage me by giving me important assignments and also morning news to read during the assembly. She would come down and listen to my English debate, 68 made me take part in all debate competitions. 69 same was true of my biology and science teacher. She was very nice and sweet. She would always give me extra information on the biology project. I could not go to the lab for experiments, so she would bring the lab down and help me with the biology and science 70 (experiment) and would give me excellent marks. My friends made me monitor and the naughty boys listened to me. My friends used to help me with my notes when I was 71 (absence). My teachers always gave me important project work and I felt proud when they patted me 72 the back after I finished it quickly and correctly. I was never shouted at or made fun of or scolded by any of my friends and teachers. Today I often see the terrible punishments 73 (give) to students on TVs. I feel very sad. I really want to express my love and thanks to all my wonderful teachers and friends. Without them my school life would not 74 (be) so excellent and 75 (forget). 【答案】66．entered 67．quietly 68．which 69．The 70．experiments 71．absent 72．on 73．given 74．have been 75．unforgettable 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者学校的一些老师的特点以及表达对老师的感激之情。 66．考查时态。句意：她一进教室，我们就安静地坐着，打开书本。根据上文My English teacher was very tall.可知应用一般过去时。故填entered。 67．考查副词。句意：她一进教室，我们就安静地坐着，打开书本。修饰动词sit应用副词quietly，作状语。故填quietly。 68．考查定语从句。句意：她会下来听我的英语辩论，这让我参加了所有的辩论赛。非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用which。故填which。 69．考查冠词。句意：我的生物和科学老师也是如此。表示“同样”应用the same，首字母大写。故填The。 70．考查名词的数。句意：我不能去实验室做实验，所以她会把实验室带下来，帮我做生物和科学实验，并给我优异的分数。根据上文the biology and science可知experiment应用复数形式。故填experiments。 71．考查形容词。句意：我的朋友们过去常常在我缺席的时候帮我做笔记。此处作表语，应用形容词absent。故填absent。 72．考查介词。句意：我的老师总是给我重要的项目工作，当我快速正确地完成后，他们拍拍我的背，我感到很自豪。表示“拍某人的背”应用pat sb. on the back。故填on。 73．考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，我经常在电视上看到对学生的可怕惩罚。分析句子结构可知give与逻辑主语the terrible punishments构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填given。 74．考查虚拟语气。句意：没有他们，我的学校生活不会如此出色和难忘。介词 without可用于表示条件，引出虚拟语气，此处为与过去事实相反，主句用would have done。故填have been。 75．考查形容词。句意：没有他们，我的学校生活不会如此出色和难忘。作表语，表示“难忘的”应用形容词unforgettable。故填unforgettable。 Passage 6 It’s part of life to have challenging experiences that get you down. At times like this, you might try to change your mindset, 76 (remind) yourself that it won’t last forever or to focus on the bright side. Changing how you think about 77 (emotion) events in this way can change how you feel about them. 78 sometimes this is easier said than done. Imagine you lost a dream opportunity and you may wonder whether you’ll ever get another chance like that again. It can be difficult to break out of your mindset when having negative experiences. 79 (fortunate), getting a good friend’s perspective(见解) can help. Here 80 (come) the question: Is getting a friend’s perspective when rethinking a negative event more powerful than rethinking it 81 your own? According to some research 82 (conduct) lately, we can choose the former. How you think and feel can 83 (shape) by getting a friend’s perspective, both in the moment and over time. The next time you can’t get rid of your negative thought 84 (pattern), remember that humans are fundamentally social creatures. It’s okay to turn to the people around you and your friends, from 85 you can get new perspectives and some help. 【答案】76．reminding 77．emotional 78．But 79．Fortunately 80．comes 81．on 82．conducted 83．be shaped 84．patterns 85．whom 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍碰到有挑战性的经历时应该如何面对。 76．考查非谓语动词。句意：在这种时候，你可能会试图改变你的心态，提醒自己这种心态不会永远持续下去，或者专注于光明的一面。分析句子结构和意思可知，空处用非谓语动词作状语，动词remind是句子主语you主动发出的动作，用现在分词形式，表示主动。故填reminding。 77．考查形容词。句意：以这种方式改变你对情感事件的看法可以改变你对它们的感受。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要用形容词，修饰后面的名词events。故填emotional。 78．考查连词。句意：但有时说起来容易做起来难。分析句子结构和意思可知，上下文是转折关系，用连词but，位于句首，首字母大写。故填But。 79．考查副词。句意：幸运的是，获得好朋友的见解会有帮助。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要用副词，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Fortunately。 80．考查谓语动词。句意：问题来了：在重新思考一个负面事件时，征求朋友的意见比自己重新思考更有力吗？分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是一般的情况，用一般现在时，句子为Here开头的倒装句，主语是the question，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填comes。 81．考查介词短语。句意：见第5题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词短语on one’s own，意为“某人自己”。故填on。 82．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据最近进行的一些研究，我们可以选择前者。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词conduct和被修饰的名词some research是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式，表示被动。故填conducted。 83．考查谓语动词。句意：你的想法和感受可以通过从朋友的角度来塑造，无论是在当下还是随着时间的推移。分析句子结构和意思可知，空处为谓语，动词shape和主语How you think and feel是动宾关系，用被动语态结构，前面有情态动词can，be动词用原形。故填be shaped。 84．考查名词的数。句意：下次当你无法摆脱消极的思维模式时，请记住，人类从根本上来说是社会生物。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要用名词复数，表示泛指，作宾语。故填patterns。 85．考查定语从句。句意：求助于你周围的人和你的朋友是可以的，你可以从他们那里获得新的视角和一些帮助。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词people在从句中作介词from的宾语，指人，用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 Passage 7 Cheng Yuyan never expected that the interest group “We Love Strolling in the Park”, 86 she casually created four years ago on Douban, a Chinese social media platform, would now approach 100,000 members. According to 87 225-year-old from Shanghai, establishing this group was just a spur-of-the-moment decision, 88 she didn’t invest much time in managing it afterwards. However, park enthusiasts from all over China and even overseas have spontaneously made 89 their gathering community. People share park experiences, post photos 90 (take)in parks, and offer recommendations and reviews about parks. Within this group, there is a tag called”20 minutes for parks”, which 91 (come) from a theory originating from the International Journal of Environmental Health Research. According to the theory, 92 (spend)20 minutes in a park daily helps to reduce stress, regardless of 93 people exercise in it or simply take a walk. Huang Bingbing, living in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, is an enthusiastic 94 (support) of this idea. “On that patch of grass, I could connect with living plants and animals, allowing me to refresh my mind and heal 95 the stresses of the workplace,” Huang said. 【答案】86．which 87．the 88．and 89．it 90．taken 91．comes 92．spending 93．whether 94．supporter 95．from 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了承雨嫣在豆瓣上创建的兴趣小组“我们爱公园漫步”意外地吸引了10万会员，这个小组成为了公园爱好者们的聚集地，人们在这里分享公园的体验，发布公园的照片，提供公园的推荐和评论。 86．考查定语从句。句意：4年前，承雨嫣万万没想到她无意中在中国社交媒体平台豆瓣上创建了一个兴趣小组“我们爱逛公园”，现在已经有了10万名成员。修饰group，在从句中作created的宾语，引导非限制性定语从句，用关系代词which。故填which。 87．考查冠词。句意：据这位来自上海的25岁女孩说，创建这个小组只是一个偶然的决定，之后她并没有在里面花太多时间。此处特指上文提到的“Cheng Yuyan”，用定冠词修饰，故填the。 88．考查连词。句意：据这位来自上海的25岁女孩说，创建这个小组只是一个偶然的决定，之后她并没有在里面花太多时间。前后文是并列关系，用连词and连接。故填and。 89．考查代词。句意：然而，来自全国甚至海外的公园爱好者自愿将其作为他们的聚集地。根据上下文可知，此处指代把这个兴趣小组作为一个聚集地。用代词it作宾语，故填it。 90．考查非谓语动词。句意：人们分享公园的经历，张贴在公园里拍摄的照片，并提供关于公园的建议和评论。take作定语，修饰photos，二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式，故填taken。 91．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在这一群体中，有一种说法叫做“公园20分钟”，它来自《国际环境健康研究杂志》的一个理论。come作which引导的定语从句的谓语动词，描述现在的事实用一般现在时，which指代tag，是单数，谓语动词用单数。故填comes。 92．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据这一理论，无论人们是在公园里锻炼还是只是散步，每天在公园里呆20分钟都有助于减轻压力。spend作主语，用动名词形式，故填spending。 93．考查从属连词。句意：根据这一理论，无论人们是在公园里锻炼还是只是散步，每天在公园里呆20分钟都有助于减轻压力。介词of后接宾语从句，whether…or…“无论是……还是……”，符合语境。故填whether。 94．考查名词。句意：黄兵兵，现居广东深圳，是这个理论的支持者。不定冠词an修饰可数名词单数，作表语。故填supporter。 95．考查介词。句意：黄说：“在草坪上，我能感到和动植物联结，让我感觉头脑清醒，从工作压力中恢复过来。”heal from“从……康复、恢复”，固定短语。故填from。 Passage 8 The installation of sleeping pods in the University of Manchester library indicates a new era of beanbags（豆袋椅）, futons（日式床垫）and sleep rooms popping up on campuses across the U.K. But does this mean we are finally taking care of our students’ sleep, 96 is it an indication that students now are so constantly sleep-deprived（失眠的）that they 97 take a nap to get through the day? The benefits of taking a nap are well documented. We know that as little as six minutes’ sleep can sharpen thinking 98 improve memory, mood and mental flexibility. Leonardo da Vinci famously lived on 20-minute naps for weeks while oil painting to avoid the paint 99 (dry). But a full night’s sleep benefits the mind on a larger scale. Deep sleep at night facilitates learning and creative thinking. Some studies even show that the parts of the brain responsible for memory and creativity will shrink with constant sleep deprivation. What’s concerning for educators is 100 poor sleep at night is inevitably accompanied by poor academic performance. The most sleep-deprived students are usually also those 101 show the poorest academic performance on tests. The response of students and schools to this problem has been curious. In the competitive educational atmosphere of China, time asleep is still viewed as time 102 (waste). “If I am able to get up ten minutes before my roommates, that’s an extra ten minutes I have in my day,” said one student. In the West, the situation is 103 (contradictory); more and more universities in the U.K. are announcing 8 a.m. classes, something American students have long got accustomed to. By contrast, the University of Oxford has arranged for its students to have an extra hour in bed in the morning, with the expectation that their grades will improve. Finally, sleeping pods appeared as a compromise: schools can feel it is taking action to help, and students can feel “safe” to stay up later. Certainly, they are helping someone sleep more soundly, but 104 that is the student or the school management remains 105 (see). 【答案】96．or 97．must 98．in order to/so as to 99．drying 100．that 101．who 102．wasted 103．more contradictory 104．whether 105．to be seen 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明夜晚高质量的睡眠有助于学生的学习和创造性思维的形成，英国的曼彻斯特大学和牛津大学都采取相应的措施提高学生的睡眠质量。 96．考查连词。句意：但这是否意味着我们终于开始关注我们学生的睡眠，或者这是否表明现在的学生经常睡眠不足，以至于他们必须小睡一下才能度过一天？空格前后两部分的句意存在选择关系，使用or来引出另一种可能性，故填or。 97．考查情态动词。句意：但这是否意味着我们终于开始关注我们学生的睡眠，或者这是否表明现在的学生经常睡眠不足，以至于他们必须小睡一下才能度过一天？此处表示客观上的一种需求，意为“必须”，故填must。 98．考查目的状语。句意：我们知道，只需六分钟的睡眠就可以提高思维能力，从而改善记忆力、情绪和心理灵活性。此处为目的状语，表示“为了”，故填in order to或者so as to。 99．考查动名词。句意：列奥纳多·达·芬奇在创作油画时以每周20分钟的小睡而闻名从而避免油漆干燥。avoid 后接动名词的复合结构作宾语，故填drying。 100．考查表语从句。句意：教育工作者担心的是，夜间睡眠不足不可避免地伴随着学习成绩不佳的情况。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导表语从句，从句的意思和成分均是完整的，故填that。 101．考查定语从句。句意：最缺乏睡眠的学生通常也是那些考试成绩最差的学生。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词those指人并在从句中作主语，使用关系代词who引导定语从句，故填who。 102．考查过去分词。句意：在中国竞争激烈的教育氛围中，睡觉的时间仍然被视为浪费掉的时间。分析句子结构可知，waste在句子中作为非谓语动词使用，第二个time承受waste的动作，因此使用过去分词作后置定语，故填wasted。 103．考查形容词的比较级。句意：在西方，情况就比较矛盾了。后文提到“英国越来越多的大学宣布上午8 点上课，这是美国学生早已习惯的做法。相比之下，牛津大学安排学生早上多睡一个小时，期望他们的成绩会有所提高”，由此可知，西方国家的情况更加地矛盾，故填more contradictory。 104．考查固定搭配。句意：当然，他们正在帮助某人睡得更香，但究竟是学生还是学校管理层还有待观察。该处考查固定结构whether...or...：是……还是……，故填whether。 105．考查动词不定式。句意：当然，他们正在帮助某人睡得更香，但究竟是学生还是学校管理层还有待观察。remain的主语“whether that is the student or the school management ”承受see的动作并且尚未发生，因此使用“remain to be done”的结构，表示“某事有待于去做”，故填to be seen。 $$