Unit 1 Food Matters 核心词汇学案-2023-2024学年高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册

选择性必修一Unit 1 Food matters 核心词汇-1. mood n. 情绪，心情；气氛，氛围 【知识要点】 be in a bad/good mood 心情很糟/好 be (not) in the mood for (doing) sth./to do sth. （没）有做某事的心情 由于受到老师的处罚，他心情很糟糕。（非谓语做原因状语） Having been punished by his teacher, he was in a very bad mood. 【归纳拓展】词性转换： moody adj. 心情不稳定的；易怒的；闷闷不乐的 【即时巩固】 单句语法填空 1. Having passed the exam, Linda was ____ a good mood. 2. David’s mother was unstable and . 完成句子 1. 他当时没心思以礼待客 He being polite to visitors. 2. 她今天心情很好。 She . 核心词汇-2. combination n. 结合体，联合体；联合，混合 【知识要点】 a combination of A and B =a mix of … A与B的结合 in combination (with ...) （与……）联合/混合 【归纳拓展】词性转换： combine vt.（使）结合，（使）组合 常见搭配 combine with... 联合/结合/连同... combine A with/and B 使A与B结合/混合 【即时巩固】 单句语法填空 1. His treatment was a _____________(combine) of surgery, radiation and drugs. 2. Technological innovations, ___________(combine) with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products. 3. They have successfully combined the old the new in this room. 4. The firm is working on a new product combination with several overseas partners. 完成句子 1. 一些专家说，学习与娱乐的结合会更好（把学习与娱乐结合起来会更好）。entertainment Some experts argue that would be great. Some experts argue that would be great. 核心词汇-3. association n. 联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往 【知识要点】 be in association with … 与……有关联；与……有来往 【归纳拓展】词性转换： associated adj. 有关的；相关的 associate vt. 把……联想/联系起来 vi. 交往，结交 adj. 副的 常见搭配 be associated with … 与……有关联 associate A with B 使A与B联系起来 associate with sb. 与某人交往/混在一起 =mix with sb. an associate professor 副教授 【即时巩固】 单句语法填空 1. The young man became famous through his ____________ (associate) with the group of poets. 2. They will hold a meeting to discuss something ____________(associate) with music. 3. Bamboo plants are associated health, abundance and a happy home. 4. We are working in ________ __ (associate) with a local company to raise money for homeless. 完成句子 1. 这项赛事是和体育俱乐部合作组织的。 This event was organized _____________________ the Sports Club. 2. 全世界的人总是把中国与长城联系在一起。 People all over the world always _____________________________________． 3. 他一直是英文副教授，本学期将升为正教授。 He has been ______________ __ of English and will be a full professor this term. 核心词汇-4. vary vi.（根据情况）变化，变更（=range）；相异，不同（=differ） vt. 变更，改变 【知识要点】 vary with … 随……而变化 vary/differ in … 在……方面不同；有差异 vary from... 不同于.... vary from … to ... 在……之间变化，从……到……不等 →vary/be varied +from person to person 因人而异 如：My doctor advised that I (should) vary my diet more. 医生建议我的日常饮食应该更多元化。 Opinions on the influence/effect on people’s life vary/are varied from person to person. 网络对我们生活的影响，人们的意见各不相同。 【归纳拓展】词性转换： various a. 不同的；各种各样的 varied a. 各式各样的；多变的；意见不一的 variety n. [U] 多样性；[C] 种类，品种 常见搭配 all kinds/sorts of ... =a variety of ... ＝varieties of ... ＝various ... 各种各样的…… 如：The club combines study with fun, offering a variety of/varieties of/various activities. 那个俱乐部把娱乐和学习结合起来，提供各种各样的活动。 【即时巩固】 单句语法填空 1. The girl tried many kinds of jobs, varying from a teacher ______ a cook. 2. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the _________(vary) food choices on the menu. 3. As we all know, Chinese food is famous for its wide _________(vary) throughout the world. 4. Typing patterns vary ______ person to person. 5. The color of leaves vary ______ weather. 6. There are many flowers that vary ______ color and size in this garden. 核心词汇-5. link vt. 联系，相关联；把……连接起来 n. 联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接 【知识要点】 vt. 联系，相关联；把…连接起来 link up 连接，会合 link up with sb. 和某人携手合作 link ... to/with ... 把……和……连接起来/联系起来 →[被动] be linked with/to … 与……有关联 n. 联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接 be linked with/to... ＝have a link with... 和…有联系 a link between A and B A与B之间的联系 【即时巩固】 单句语法填空 1. Television stations around the world (link) by satellite. 2. The doctors link cigarette smoking cancer. 3. 核心词汇-6. relieve vt. 解除，减轻，缓和，缓解 【知识要点】 relieve sb. of sth. 帮助减轻（负担）；开除/解除某人的职务 relieve from 从...中解除，减轻 如：Being able to tell the truth at last seemed to relieve her. 能够最后讲出真话似乎使她感到轻松。 efforts to relieve poverty 缓解贫困的努力 We played cards to relieve the boredom of the long wait. 长时间等待实在无聊，我们就打扑克来解闷儿。 【归纳拓展】词性转换： （1）relief n.（痛苦等的）减轻；宽慰；救济物 常见搭配 to one’s relief 令某人安心的是 much to one’s relief 令某人甚为欣慰的是 in/with relief 如释重负；松了一口气 get relief from … 从……得到缓解 如：To my relief, he didn’t argue with my suggestion at all. 他完全没有反驳我的建议，令我舒了一口气。 （2）relieved a. 宽心的；宽慰的 常见搭配 be relieved (to +see/find/know) +that从句 看到/发现/知道……而感到欣慰 如：You'll be relieved to know your jobs are safe. 现在知道你们的工作保住了，可以放心了。 【即时巩固】 单句语法填空 1. He was so kind that he relieved me _______ my heavy bag. 2. They varied their performances to make the visitors _________(relieve). 3. Hearing the exciting news, the old man smiled _________ relief. 4. It was feared that food supplies would give out before the besieged town could ________ _(relieve). 完成句子 1. 这药会减轻一些你的痛苦。 This medicine will  . 2. 她的伤势很轻，这使我大为放心。 , her injuries were only slight. 3. 政府将救援物品送给在水灾中失去家园的人们。 The government their homes in the flood. 核心词汇-7. security n. 安全；保护措施；保安部门；担保，保证 【知识要点】 a sense of security 安全感 ensure one’s security 确保某人安全 security measures 安全措施 social/public security 社会/公共安全、保障 【归纳拓展】词性转换： secure adj. 安全的；可靠的 vt. 使安全；争取到 常见搭配 secure A against/from B 保护A免受B feel secure about... 对…感到安心 be secure from/against... 没有遭受… live a secure life 过着安稳的日子 secure a deal/contract 争取到一份合同 【归纳拓展】词性转换： adv. securely 安全地 adj. insecure 不安全的 adv. insecurely 不安全地 n. insecurity 不安全 【即时巩固】 1. With his friends' help, he finally found a ________(security) job in a big company. 2. You cannot secure yourself ________ all risks and dangers. 3. I don’t know why she no longer feels secure her future. 4. He locked the heavy door (secure) and kept the key in his pocket. 核心词汇-8. impress vt&vi. 使钦佩，给...留下深刻印象；使意识到 【知识要点】 impress...on... 把……印在……上 impress sth. on/upon sb.=impress sb. with sth. 使某人牢记某事 be impressed by/with... 对……印象深刻 【归纳拓展】词性转换： impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的 impression n. 印象，认识 常见搭配 leave/make/create a/an...impression on sb. 给某人留下……的印象 【即时巩固】 单句语法填空 1. That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit and was impressed __________ Benjamin’s drawings. 2. The __________ (impress) permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives. 3. When I was a child, my father impressed __________ me the importance of hard work.  4. Father impressed me ________ the value of hard work. 5. I had the ___________(impress) that we had met somewhere in the city before. 完成句子 1. I (对...印象深刻) her serious attitude to academic research. 2. The first time I saw him, his sense of humour (给.....留下深刻印象) me. 核心词汇-9. expand v. 增加，扩大；扩展，发展（业务）；（使）膨胀；详谈，详述 【知识要点】 (1)vt. & vi. 扩大，增加，增强（尺码、数量或重要性） 如：expand one’s vocabulary 扩大词汇量 expand domestic demand 扩大内需 expand knowledge of foreign countries 增加对外国的了解 The waist expands to fit all sizes. 腰围可松可紧适合任何尺码。 (2)vt. & vi. 扩展，发展（业务） 常见搭配 expand into ... 扩大为……，发展成为…… 如：expand one’s business 扩大业务量 (3)vi. 详谈，详述 常见搭配 expand on/upon sth. 详述某事，充分叙述某事 如：Could you expand on that point, please? 请你把这一点详细说明一下好吗？ 【归纳拓展】词性转换： expansion n. 扩张，扩大 【即时巩固】 单句语法填空 1. Despite the recession the company is confident of further ________(expand). 2. After years of struggle, his company has expanded ______ a big one, with branches all over the country. 3. The monitor is expanding ________ the trip to the hill to his classmates. 完成句子 1. 学生们可以通过阅读扩大词汇量。 Students can through reading. 2. 旅游是增加对外国了解的好方式之一。 Traveling is one of the good ways to . 核心词汇-10. appropriate adj. 合适的，恰当的 【知识要点】 be appropriate for/to sth. 对……合适/相称 It is appropriate to do sth. 做某事是合适的 It is appropriate that sb.(should)do...=It is appropriate for sb.to do...某人做……是恰当的 an appropriate response/measure/method 恰如其分的反应；恰当的措施/方法 【归纳拓展】词性转换： inappropriate adj. 不恰当的；不相称的 appropriately adv. 恰当地；合适地 【即时巩固】 单句语法填空 1. Her clothes were appropriate the occasion. 2. It is not appropriate   (ask) such personal questions in an interview. 3. This allows them to respond more  (appropriate) to the user. 4. It is appropriate for you to start with smaller amounts of physical activity. → smaller amounts of physical activity. 核心词汇-11. estimate vt. & n. 估计，估算；估价 【知识要点】 be estimated to be/have/cost ... 被估计是/有/价值…… It is estimated that ... 据估计，…… estimate sth. at/to be ... 估计某物为…… make a detailed/rough/conservative estimate of ... 对……做个详细/粗略/保守的估计 at a rough estimate 粗略估计；大略说来 【归纳拓展】词性转换： underestimate vt. 低估 overestimate vt. 高估 estimation n. 估算，估价，估计；评价，看法，判断 【即时巩固】 单句语法填空 1. The tree is estimated ________(be) at least 700 years old. 2. They estimate the cost to repair ＄800. 完成句子 1. 估计他通过了考试。 He ___________________________ the test. 2. 据估计，英语中80%的交谈都是闲谈。 ___________________________ 80% of all conversation in English is small talk. 核心词汇-12. consume vt. 消耗，消费，耗费；（正式用语）吃，喝；烧毁，毁灭；理解 【知识要点】 如：consume all one’s energies 耗尽某人所有的精力; consume one’s fortune挥霍其财产 【归纳拓展】词性转换： consumer n. [C] 消费者；用户，客户 consumption n. [U] 消费（量），消耗（量） time/energy-consuming adj. 耗时的/耗能的 【即时巩固】 单句语法填空 1. Her speech to party members was not intended for public _________(consume). 2. _ ________(consume) different kinds of foods can help you keep healthy. 3. The average American  will spend about ＄805 on gifts. 4. The hotel was quickly by the big fire. 5. 核心词汇-13. appetite n. 食欲，胃口；渴望, 爱好 【知识要点】 have a good/bad appetite 胃口好/坏 develop an appetite for ... 提起胃口 lose one’s appetite =have no appetite 没胃口 loss of appetite 食欲不振 spoil/ruin one’s appetite 破坏食欲 have an appetite for sth. 爱好某物，对某物有欲望 如：He suffered from headaches and loss of appetite. 他患有头痛和食欲不振。 The walk gave me a good appetite. 散步使我胃口大开。 Don't spoil your appetite by eating between meals. 不要在两餐之间吃东西，以免影响胃口。 He has an appetite for reading. 他喜欢看书。 【即时巩固】 1. The public have an appetite affairs of movie stars. 2. 散步使我胃口大开。 The walk gave me . 3. 他患有头痛和食欲不振。 He suffered from headaches and . 4. 不要在两餐之间吃东西，以免影响你的胃口。 Don't by eating between meals. 核心词汇-14. fall apart 破碎，破裂；崩溃 【归纳拓展】apart构成的其他相关短语： take sth. apart 将……拆开，拆分 tell sb./sth. apart 分辨出……，把……区分开来 set sb./sth. apart 使……突出；与众不同 apart from ... 除……外（别无他物）；除……外（尚有） Free range and battery eggs, boiled for four minutes, were hard to tell apart. 柴鸡蛋和笼养鸡蛋在煮过4分钟之后很难区分。 They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future. 它们带着独特的永恒魅力，可能在未来的几个世纪里都会受到人们的喜爱。 I've finished all the questions apart from/except the last one. 除了最后一道题，我全做完了。 Apart from/Besides their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain. 他们在伦敦有一座房子，此外在西班牙还有一座别墅。 【即时巩固】 1. 他有一副低沉的嗓音，这使他在我们这个小镇上与众不同。 He had a deep voice, which _______________ from others in our small town. 2. 我们只好先把桌子拆开，到楼上再组装起来。 We had to and reassemble it upstairs. 3. 你可以从我脸上的这个记号分辨出我和我的双胞胎弟弟。 You can _____ my twin brother and me _______ by this mark on my face. 4. 除了最后一道题，我全做完了。 I've finished all the questions the last one. (教材P2) No matter how bad my mood is, that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits. 无论我心情多么糟糕，那个完美的组合总是足以让我振奋起来。 【句式剖析】此句中，“no matter how bad my mood is”在句中作让步状语，意为“无论我心情多么糟糕”。 【考点提炼】“no matter +特殊疑问词”引导的让步状语从句 （1） no matter与what/which/who(m)/when/where/how等特殊疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……，不管……”。如： Call me when you get there, no matter what the time is. 无论什么时间，你到了那儿就给我打电话。 They don't last long no matter how careful you are. 不管你如何仔细，他们都维持不了很久。 （2） 引导让步状语从句时，no matter what/which/who(m)/when/where/how可分别与whatever/ whichever/ who(m)ever /whenever/ wherever/ however互换。如： No matter how bad/However you feel, keep trying. 不管你感觉多么糟糕，继续努力。 Jenkins would reward all investors, no matter when/whenever they made their investment. 无论投资人何时投资，詹金斯都会让他们得到回报。 （3） whatever, whichever, who(m)ever还可引导名词性从句，此时不与“no matter +特殊疑问词”互换。如： Send it to whoever is in charge of sales. 把这寄给负责销售的人。（whoever在此引导宾语从句） Come out of there, whoever/no matter who you are. 不管你是谁，从那里出来吧。（whoever在此引导状语从句） You can take whatever you like when you get there.（whatever在此引导宾语从句） 【即时巩固】翻译句子 1. 无论我做出什么决定，我的老师和父母都支持我。 ①_________________________________, my teacher and my parents will support me. ②_________________________________, my teacher and my parents will support me. 2. 任何乐于助人的人在这里都会被尊敬。 _______________________________________ will be respected here. 3. 无论他说什么，我都无法感到宽慰。 ________________________________________, I couldn’t feel relieved. 【考点提炼】It is/was+adj.+(of/for sb.) to do sth. 教材原句：It is hardest to give up the food that you grow up with.(P3)放弃伴随你长大的食物是很难的。 【句式剖析】It is/was+adj.+of/for sb.to do sth.句式中，it为形式主语，后面的动词不定式短语为真正的主语。 (1) 表示人的性格特征、品行表现或智力等的形容词，如good,kind,nice, generous, cruel, rude, polite, careful, clever, foolish, right, wrong, (un)wise等，常用of。 It was very kind of her to give us a lift to the airport.她真是个好心人让我们搭车去机场。 (2)表示事物特征的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, (un)necessary, (im)possible等，常用for。 It's necessary for us to have a balanced diet.均衡饮食对我们而言是有必要的。 Of course it is difficult to satisfy all the customers.当然很难让所有的顾客都满意。 【即时巩固】 (1)It is necessary us to get the preparations done. (2)It was careless ____ him to leave his umbrella in the bus. (3) (你真聪明) to work out the problem. (4)It's hard for him to (一个人做这件事). 单元语法---动词不定式作主语和表语 1. 构成与特点 形式 语态 主动语态 被动语态 时态 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing / ＊完成进行式 to have been doing / · 一般式 动词不定式的一般式所表示的动作或状态，与句中谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生，或在之后发生（表将来）。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者（即动宾关系）时，不定式一般要用被动式（to be done）。如： He seemed to be tired.（同时） We expect her to come.（之后）（=We expect that she will come.） · 进行式 动词不定式的进行式表示不定式动作正在进行，或与谓语的动作同时发生。如： They seemed to be talking about something important. “似乎正在讨论” · 完成式 如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上表示被动含义，就用完成被动式（to have been done）。如： He was said to have written a novel about the Long March. 又如：①她说过，她遇见了你，感到很高兴。（过去见过面） She said she was happy to have met you. ②她说过， 她很高兴同你见面。（将要见面或见面时就感到高兴） She said she was happy to meet you. 2. 用法 A. 作主语 如：例1 To do the job well is not easy. 要把这项工作做好并不容易。（表示具体的情况） =It is not easy (for us) to do the job well. 例2 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 例3 To give is better than to receive. 奉献比索取好。 (1)由以上例句可知，动词不定式作主语时，一般表示具体的或一次性动作。作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词常用单数。 (2)不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语（即动词不定式）放在后面，构成以下结构： ①It is/was + adj. + (of/for sb.不定式的逻辑主语) + to do ... 1). “It is+adj+for sb.to do sth.”常用于表示事物的特征，表示做某事对某人来说很...。 用for sb.的形容词有：important(重要的), necessary(必要的), difficult(困难的), easy(容易的), hard(艰难的), dangerous(危险的), safe(安全的), useful(有益的), pleasant(舒适的), impossible(不可能的)，right(正确的), likely(可能的)等。 It is necessary for us to get to school on time. =To get to school on time is necessary for us.对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。 对他来说学习两门外语是很难的。 2) . “It is+adj+of sb. to do sth.”常用于表示人物的性格、品质，跟sb有关。 用of sb.的形容词有：good(好的), kind(友善的), nice(友好的), clever(聪明的), wise(明智的), unwise(不明智的), considerate(体贴的), brave(勇敢的), honesty(诚实的), right(正确的), wrong(错误的), foolish(愚蠢的), silly(愚蠢的), stupid(愚蠢的), careful(细心的), careless(粗心的), polite (礼貌的)，impolite(没礼貌的), rude(粗鲁的)等。 It is kind of you to have given us so much help.你真好，给予我们这么多的帮助。 你真勇敢能够晚上独自回家。 ②It is/was + a/an+名词 + (for sb.) + to do ... 如：It is/was + a pity/a shame遗憾，她失掉比赛/a pleasure同你一起工作/one’s duty/an honor/… + (for sb.) + to do ... 能来参加你的婚礼是我们的荣幸。 ③It takes/took (sb.) + time/courage/patience/…抽象名词 + to do ... It takes ten years to grow trees, but a hundred years to rear people. [谚] 十年树木，百年树人。 完成这项任务花了我五天的时间。 ④It makes/made sb. + adj. + to do ... It made me relaxed to know that I have passed the exam. 知道我通过了考试，我感到轻松无比。 B. 词不定式作表语 不定式作表语，可以说明主语的具体内容，还可以表示目的、结果、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿等，其主语通常为task, aim, purpose, wish, hope, dream, duty, job, plan, choice, intention, decision, problem等名词，或是what引导的名词性从句。不定式作表语时，主语和表语有时可以调换位置，其意思不变。如： A lawyer’s duty is to act in the best interest of his clients. 律师的职责就是代表客户的最大利益行事。 The important thing is to save lives. 救人要紧。 我的愿望是为孩子们写一本好书。 那人好像来自南方。 我们的任务是修建这条公路。 √小试身手（2）-单句语法填空 1. It is important for children _______(expose) more good books. 2. It’s standard practice for a company like this one _______(employ) a security officer. 3. The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult _______(tell) one from the other. 4. This machine is very easy (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 5. Today my job at home is _______(wash) clothes and my father’s is _______(cook) dinner. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$