2023～2024学年人教版英语八年级下册 现在完成时课件

The Present Perfect Tense 1.He opened the door. The door is open. 2.I saw the movie last night. I have seen the movie. 3.I got married last year. I have got married. He has opened the door. “借古讽今” 1.I have learned English for 5 years/since 5 years ago. 2.I have lived in Chengdu for 3 years/since 3 years ago. “从古至今” ◎Definition: The actions in the past,but the result is still here in the present. 1.过去发生的动作对现在的影响 2.动作从过去延续到现在，可能还要持续下去 Let’s learn now past future 一般过去时 现在完成时 现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响. They have left. He has learned English since 2001. Let’s learn 用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联系: 动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。 They have left. --他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里 I have had my lunch. --我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿 [也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态] He has learned English since 2001. --从2001年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢 现在完成时态 Winter has already come. have has 助动词+动词的过去分词 + done ｛ ◎The basic structure: S+have/has+done (the past participle of the verb) 助动词have/has可和前面的主语 缩略为’ve,’s.如 they’ve, we’ve, he’s, it’s; you’ve has not=hasn’t have not=haven’t 　主语＋ have/has+过去分词＋其他成分 主语＋have/has not+过去分词＋其他成分 Have/Has+主语＋过去分词＋其他成分? Yes, 主语+have/has. No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t. 陈述句： 否定句： 一般疑问句： ◎Verb past participle change rules 直 去 双 改 work stay want worked stayed wanted +ed hope believe decide hoped believed decided 去e(不发音的e) +ed stop beg drop stopped begged dropped 重读闭音节 双写辅音字母+ed study try worry studied tried worried 以辅音+y结尾 变y为i+ed Irregular: cut-cut-cut sit-sat-sat eat-ate-eaten put-put-put hear-heard-heard fall-fell-fallen come-came-come run-ran-run A-A-A 型 A-B-B 型 A-B-C 型 A-B-A 型 延续性动词：表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态。 如：be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain等。 瞬间性动词：表示不能延续的动作，即动作发生后立即结束。 如：begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,finish,go,leave,lend,marry,reach,receive,open,,start,stop等。 瞬间性动词是不能持续的，所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。 比较延续性动词与瞬间性动词  非延续性（瞬间） 延续性 borrow keep/have buy have leave be away start/begin be on die be dead come/go be in+地点 join be a member of become be marry be married finish/end/stop be over come back be back wake up be awake 14 1.The English professor arrived here about a week ago. The English professor ____ _____ here for about a week . 2.Her husband started to work on the farm three hours ago . Her husband _____ _____ on the farm for three hours . 3.The French musician came to China last month , and he is still here . The French musician _____ _____ ____ China for a month . 4.He joined the army in 1985 . He _____ _____ ____ the army ____ 1985 . 5.He joined the League half a year ago . He has been a League ______ ______ half a year . 复习 ：改写句子，使原句的意思不变，每空一词。 has been has worked has been in has been in since member for 6.The bus left five minutes ago . The bus _____ already ____ _____ for five minutes . 7.The girl bought a new school bag in September . The girl _____ ____ the school bag since September . 8. The shop closed last winter . The shop ____ ______ _______ since last winter . 9. The film began ten minutes ago . The film _____ ____ _____ for ten minutes . 10. The dog died two days ago . The dog _____ ______ _______ for two days . 11. The meeting ended last month . The meeting _____ ____ ________ for a month . has been away has had has been closed has been on has been dead has been over ◎Time marker 1.I have learned English _____ 5 years. 2.I have learned English _____ 5 years ago. for /since for + 时间段（动作持续了一段时间） since + 时间点或从句（动作开始于什么时候） 对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用how long Practice: 1.Mr. Wang has lived in Chongqing ____ 1985. A. since B. for C. after D. in 2.Mary has known Lisa ____ 6 years. A. since B. for C. after D. in How long …? How long have done ballet? collected stickers? learnt the piano? has you he she done ballet collected stickers learnt the piano since for 2001. one year. I He She have has paint pictures, 2003 A: How long have you painted pictures? B: I have painted pictures since 2003. grow flowers, six months A: How long have you grown flowers? B: I have grown flowers for six months. make handicrafts, March A: How long have you made handicrafts? B: I have made handicrafts since March. play the violin, five years A: How long have you played the violin? B: I have played the violin for five years. Kate do karate, last month A: How long ___________________ ? B: She _____________________________ . has Kate done karate has done karate since last month James collect coins, two years A: How long _____________________ ? B: He _______________________________ . has James collected coins has collected coins for two years Sara collect seashells, last summer A: How long ____________________________? B: She ________________________________ . has Sara collected seashells has collected seashells since last summer ◎Time marker 1.He has _____ left. 2.I haven't finished my homework _____ . 3.Have you found your ruler _____ ？ already /yet already 已经（肯定句） yet 还;已经（否定/疑问句） Practice: ---I have ____ finished my homework. How about you? ---Oh,I haven't finished it ____. A. yet,already B. already,already C. already,yet D. yet,yet ◎Time marker ---Have you _____ seen this movie? ---No, I have _____ seen it. ever /never ever 曾经 （多用于否定、疑问句） never 从来没有 （表否定，常与before连用） Exercise 1 We _____________ (study) English for about five years. 2 They ______________ (live) in the south since their daughter was born. 3 I ___________ (read) your article three times. It’s well written. 4 The student ___________ (finish) her homework already. 5 The police ____________________ (just finish) searching the area. have studied have lived have read has finished have just finished Exercise e.g. I _______ a dress two weeks ago. (make) made 1 I _________in Hong Kong since 1990. (live) 2 My parents _______ our house in 2000. (buy) 3 Miss Lee ___________ at my school for two years. (teach) 4 Tom _______ his uncle one month ago. (visit) 5 Polly and Dolly __________ friends since last year. (be) 6 The baby __________ for four hours. (sleep) have lived bought has taught visited have been has slept Let’s learn have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in Let’s learn teachers’ office classroom She has gone to the teacher’s office. (she isn’t here now.) have(has)gone to 已到某地去了 (强调主语已经离开，不在讲话的地方） teachers’ office classroom She has been to the teachers’office. (She is here now.) have(has )been to 曾到过某地 （强调主语的经验， 主语可能在说话的地方） Summary 1 have gone to+地点,表示“去了某地”。 （人已走，尚未回。） have been to+地点,表示“去过某地”。 （人已回） 2 3 have been in+地点+时间段,表示“在/来某地多久”。 See you next time ! 36 $$