精品解析：天津市第一中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷

天津一中2023-2024-2高一年级 英语学科期末质量调查试卷 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)、第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，共100分，考试用时90分钟。第Ⅰ卷1至5页，第Ⅱ卷为第6页。考生务必将答案涂写答题卡的规定位置上，答在试卷上的无效。 祝各位考生考试顺利! 第Ⅰ卷 Ⅰ．听力(共20小题;每小题0.5分，满分10分) 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What will Mary do tonight? A．Have dinner with her colleagues. B．Have dinner with the man. C．Go to see a movie. 2．Where does the conversation probably take place? A．In a hotel. B．In a hospital. C．In a classroom. 3．Why does the woman work overtime? A．To wait for a call. B．To fix her computer. C．To meet a customer. 4．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．Wanting promotion. B．Changing their jobs. C．Going back to school. 5．How would Laura most probably go to work? A．By car. B．By bus. C．By bike. 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答6至7小题。 6．Why does the man drive so fast? A．To get to work on time. B．To stay away from an accident. C．To show off his good driving skills. 7．What will the man have to do if he gets a ticket? A．Drive more slowly. B．Keep silent while driving. C．Let the woman be the driver. 听第7段材料，回答8至9小题。 8．What does the man think of fishing? A．It clears his mind. B．It brings him great fun. C．It takes much patience. 9．What does the man like most about fishing? A．Reading books while fishing. B．Reading nature while fishing. C．Fishing together with his daughter. 听第8段材料，回答10至12小题。 10．Why did the woman’s husband go to Philippines? A．To give lectures. B．To provide help. C．To do business. 11．How many days will the woman’s husband stay in Philippines? A．14 days. B．16 days. C．18 days. 12．What are the Philippines suffering from now? A．Floods. B．An earthquake. C．A terrible disease. 听第9段材料，回答13至16小题。 13．What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Classmates. B．Teacher and student. C．Librarian and library user. 14．What is harming the environment in Yucatan according to the man? A．Tourism. B．Mining. C．Agriculture. 15．How did the man first know about the environmental damage in Yucatan? A．From a lecture. B．From his brother. C．From a magazine. 16．What in the magazine are useful to the man? A．The photos. B．The interviews. C．The news stories. 听第10段材料，回答17至20小题。 17．When can people hear the speaker? A．In the morning. B．In the afternoon. C．In the evening. 18．Which is the best show according to the speaker? A．News Today. B．Nighttime. C．The Children’s Room. 19．On which channel can people ask questions and get money? A．11． B．6． C．3. 20．What does the speaker most probably do? A．A newspaper reporter. B．A TV host or hostess C．A radio manager. Ⅱ．单项选择(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 1. —What are you going to do this weekend? —______. If I have time, I may go climbing with my cousin. A. No comment B. It depends C. Nothing serious D. It’s up to you 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——这个周末你打算做什么？——看情况。如果我有时间，我可能会和我的表弟去爬山。A. No comment无可奉告；B. It depends视情况而定；C. Nothing serious没有什么严重的；D. It’s up to you这取决于你。根据上下句句意可知，此处为短语It depends“视情况而定”，满足句意要求。故选B项。 2. It’s unbelievable that Susan lied to me last night. I just want to ______ why she did it. A. make up B. account for C. refer to D. figure out 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：苏珊昨晚对我撒谎真是难以置信。我只是想知道她为什么这么做。A. make up组成，弥补，化妆；B. account for解释，说明；C. refer to参考，指的是；D. figure out搞清楚，弄明白。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语figure out“搞清楚，弄明白”，满足句意要求。故选D项。 3. As far as I know, the exciting sports meeting held last week was ______ by a food company. A. criticized B. exhibited C. demonstrated D. sponsored 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：据我所知，上周举行的激动人心的运动会是由一家食品公司赞助的。A. criticized批评；B. exhibited展览；C. demonstrated示范，演示；D. sponsored赞助。由“by a food company”可知，句子表示“上周举行的激动人心的运动会是由一家食品公司赞助的”，空格处意为“赞助”，故选D。 4. According to a new study, the statement that boys are always better at maths than girls is not ______. A. virtual B. reliable C. significant D. sensitive 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据一项新的研究，男孩总是比女孩数学好的说法是不可靠的。A. virtual虚拟的；B. reliable可靠的；C. significant显著的；D. sensitive敏感的。空格处为句子的表语，表示“可靠的”需要形容词reliable，故选B项。 5. The heavy rain came so suddenly that many people had to take ______ in the mall after shopping. A. tubes B. threats C. charge D. shelter 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大雨来得如此突然，以至于许多人在购物后不得不在商场里寻找庇护。A. tubes管子；B. threats威胁；C. charge控制或管理；D. shelter避难处，庇护。根据上文“The heavy rain came so suddenly”，可知当大雨突然来临，人们会寻找一个地方来躲避雨水，因此正确答案是 shelter“避难处”。故选D。 6. The selection standards for female employees in this company are the same as those for male employees ______ professional qualifications. A. in need of B. in case of C. in return for D. in terms of 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：本公司在专业资格方面对女性员工的选择标准与男性员工是一样的。A. in need of需要；B. in case of万一……；C. in return for作为回报；D. in terms of谈及，就……而言。根据句意可知，此处为介词短语in terms of“谈及，就……而言”，满足句意要求。故选D项。 7. Lily spends an hour reading books every night before she goes to bed, so________ she makes some progress in writing. A. occasionally B. gradually C. initially D. extremely 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Lily每天晚上睡前都要花一个小时看书，因此她在写作上逐渐取得了一些进步。A. occasionally偶尔地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. initially最初；D. extremely极端地。根据上文“Lily spends an hour reading books every night before she goes to bed”可知，Lily持续性的阅读习惯应是让她在写作上慢慢进步，B项gradually“逐渐地”符合语境。故选B。 8. Mrs. Sun ______ a book about Chinese lecture last year, but I didn’t know whether she has finished it. A. would write B. wrote C. had written D. was writing 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：孙太太去年正在写一本关于中文演讲的书，但我不知道她是否写完了。根据下文I didn’t know whether she has finished it，结合时间状语last year，以及写书不可能瞬间完成，可知，上文叙述的是过去一段时间正在发生的事情，故用过去进行时态。故选D。 9. ______ impressed me most was that those disabled athletes tried their best to compete in the games. A. That B. It C. What D. Which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：给我印象最深的是那些残疾运动员尽力参加比赛。根据句子结构可知，此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代事物，用连接代词what引导，意为“……的事”。故选C。 10. There is comedy in the texts of Ancient Greece, and medieval writings are filled with jokes. ______ these same jokes might not be as funny to us now as they were then, their authors understood that humour could not only entertain but also throw new light on sensitive or emotive issue. A. Unless B. Since C. While D. If 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：古希腊的文本中有喜剧，中世纪的作品中充满了笑话。虽然这些笑话现在对我们来说可能不像当时那么有趣，但它们的作者明白，幽默不仅可以娱乐，还可以为敏感或情绪化的问题提供新的视角。A. Unless除非；B. Since自从；C. While虽然；D. If如果。根据句中these same jokes might not be as funny to us now as they were then可知，此处表示虽然这些笑话可能并不像当时那么有趣，空处应用while引导让步状语从句。故选C项。 11. Jim’s brother looked at him angrily, with his arms ____ across his chest. A. folding B. having folded C. folded D. to fold 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：吉姆的哥哥愤怒地看着他，双臂交叉在胸前。此处是with复合结构，arms和fold之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作宾语补足语，故选C。 12. Although the scientist is over 80 years old, he still devotes himself to his research, ______ moved many people greatly. A. which B. what C. that D. where 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位科学家虽然已经80多岁了，但他仍然致力于他的研究，这使许多人深受感动。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面“he still devotes himself to his research”整句话，指这件事情，在从句中作主语成分，应该用关系代词which。故选A项。 13. Unusual animal behaviour ______ indicate whether it’s cold, wet weather that’s on the way or a hot, dry period. A. should B. need C. must D. can 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：异常的动物行为可能表明即将到来的是寒冷潮湿的天气还是炎热干燥时期。A. should应该，本当；B. need需要；C. must必须，一定；D. can能，可以，（表示可能性）可能，会。根据句意可知，此处表示“可能”，can表示客观的逻辑上的可能性,意为“可能会”,多用于肯定句，故选D。 14. Last year, hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew ______ crowds, discomfort and danger. A. is going to include B. are going to include C. included D. would include 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：去年，数百人花了大价钱在一次他们明知道会包括拥挤、不舒适和危险的体验上。根据时间状语Last year以及句中spent可知，主句使用一般过去时，that引导一个定语从句，先行词是an experience，结合句意“会包括”可知，从句是在描述将来的情况，应用过去将来时。故选D项。 15. Up to now, more than one article on environmental protection ______ in the local newspaper. A. has published B. have published C. has been published D. have been published 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，当地报纸上已经发表了不止一篇关于环境保护的文章。空格处在句中作谓语部分；根据时间状语Up to now可知应使用现在完成时，主语more than one article和动词publish之间是被动关系，此处应使用现在完成时的被动语态，“more than one...”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，因此助动词应使用has，设空处填has been published。故选C项。 Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) Sadly, for too few schools make science attractive. Textbooks are as dull as dictionaries. As a result, too many children think that science is only for people as clever as Einstein. But actually children start out as ____16____ scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there’s no ____17____ for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children’s ____18____ . Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven year olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, “Now that we’re finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about ____19____?” After a long pause, a boy raised his hand. “Have you ever seen a grasshopper (蚱蜢) ____20____? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why? ” This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours. Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults ____21____ wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical, complete and creative answers. Thirdly, watch your ____22____. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don’t ____23____ with “That’s right” or “Very good”. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior. But in talking about science, quick ____24____ can signal that discussion is over. _____25_____, keep things going by saying “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before”, or coming up with more questions or ideas. Never _____26_____ a child to “Think”. It doesn’t _____27_____. Children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What’s more, this can turn a conversation into a _____28_____. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target for your disagreement. Lastly, show; don’t tell. _____29_____ impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass (放大镜), and they’ll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. _____30_____ saying that water evaporates (蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop. 16. A. clever B. natural C. professional D. determined 17. A. vision B. need C. desire D. excuse 18. A. curiosity B. fun C. experience D. success 19. A. creatures B. environment C. science D. textbooks 20. A. fight B. fly C. breed D. eat 21. A. typically B. hardly C. purposefully D. originally 22. A. behavior B. language C. tone D. signal 23. A. end up B. jump in C. start out D. go on 24. A. interaction B. decision C. reaction D. praise 25. A. Besides B. Therefore C. Instead D. However 26. A. push B. expect C. allow D. forbid 27. A. make sense B. take place C. make a difference D. work wonders 28. A. debate B. challenge C. performance D. headache 29. A. Accurate B. Objective C. Deep-rooted D. Real-life 30. A. In spite of B. As a result of C. Instead of D. Apart from 【答案】16. B 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述孩子们从小拥有对科学的渴望，并说明了成年人在与孩子们探讨时的建议。 【16题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但实际上，孩子们一开始是自然科学家，渴望观察周围的世界。A. clever聪明的；B. natural自然的；C. professional专业的；D. determined有决心的。根据下文“eager to look into the world around them”可知，孩子们应是天生对自然充满渴望的科学家。故选B项。 【17题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：帮助他们享受科学可能很容易；不需要很多科学术语或昂贵的实验室设备。A. vision视野；B. need需求；C. desire渴望；D. excuse借口。根据上文“Helping them enjoy science can be easy”可知，帮助孩子们享受科学容易，即不需要科学术语和昂贵的设备。故选B项。 【18题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你只需要分享孩子的分享心。A. curiosity好奇心；B. fun乐趣；C. experience经历；D. success成功。根据上文“eager to look into the world around them.”可知，帮助孩子们享受科学容易，分享孩子们对于科学的“好奇心”就可以。故选A项。 【19题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终我说，“既然我们已经完成了你的清单，你对科学有自己的问题吗？”A. creatures生物；B. environment环境；C. science科学；D. textbooks课本。根据上文“ I once visited a classroom of seven year olds to talk about science as a job.”可知，所探讨的内容就是科学，应是对于科学提出自己的问题。故选C项。 【20题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你看见过蚱蜢吃东西吗？A. fight战斗；B. fly飞；C. breed繁殖；D. eat吃。根据下文“When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. ”可知，此处描述的是蚱蜢吃东西。故选D项。 【21题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：过去30年的研究表明，在提出问题后，成年人通常只等待一秒钟或更短的时间来得到答案，没有让孩子思考。A. typically典型地；B. hardly几乎不；C. purposefully故意地；D. originally原始地。根据下文“wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think.”可知，这是成年人对于孩子们的常见做法。故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：第三，注意你的语言。A. behavior行为；B. language语言；C. tone语调；D. signal信号。根据下文“These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior”可知，成年人在和孩子们讨论科学时，注意语言的运用。故选B项。 23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一旦你有一个孩子参与科学讨论，不要不假思索地说“没错”或“非常好”。A. end up结束；B. jump in不假思索；C. start out起初是；D. go on继续。根据上文可知，在让孩子们参与科学讨论时，注意语言，即不能不假思索评价。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是在探讨科学时，快速的表扬可能表明讨论已经结束。A. interaction互动；B. decision决定；C. reaction反应；D. praise表扬。根据表示前后转折的连词But及上文““That’s right” or “Very good”.These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior.”可知，太探讨科学时，不应运用太多的表扬话语。故选D项。 【25题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，通过说“这很有趣”或“我以前从未想过”来保持事情的发展，或者提出更多的问题或想法。A. Besides除了；B. Therefore因此；C. Instead反而，相反；D. However然而。根据下文“keep things going by saying “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before"”可知，此处与上文相对，表示相反应该说“这很有趣”或者“我以前从未想过”。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要强迫一个孩子去“思考”。A. push推，强迫；B. expect期望；C. allow允许；D. forbid禁止。根据上文“or coming up with more questions or ideas”可知，用从未听过问题的方式，让孩子自己发挥，不要变成强迫。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：它没有意义。A. make sense有意义；B. take place发生；C. make a difference有影响；D. work wonders创造奇迹。根据上下文，强迫思考的方式是没有意义的。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，这可以把对话变成表现。A. debate争论；B. challenge挑战；C. performance表现；D. headache头疼。根据下文“The child will try to find the answer you want”可知，孩子们会尽力找到你想要的答案，来表现自己，而不是探索。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：真实的对大自然的印象远比孩子们从书本或电视节目中学到的任何一课都要令人印象深刻。A. Accurate准确的；B. Objective客观的；C. Deep-rooted根深蒂固的；D. Real-life真实的。根据下文“Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜)”可知，生活中对大自然的真实印象会更令人印象深刻。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查副词短语辨析。句意：而不是说水蒸发。A. In spite of尽管；B. As a result of作为……的结果；C. Instead of而不是；D. Apart from除了。根据下文“set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.”可知，应用直观的方式，而非语言的说教。故选C项。 Ⅳ．阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分) A Are you worried about the planet and tired of waiting around for things to change? Go ahead and take a closer look at the various options available to volunteer for the environment! Sustainable Agriculture If you decide to volunteer for a sustainable agriculture project, you’ll definitely learn some interesting sustainable farming techniques. You will be learning these techniques from locals or teaching them to the local farmers so they can implement these techniques on their own. Best Places to Volunteer: Central or South Africa, India, Nepal, Indonesia and the Philippines. Marine Conservation Volunteers for marine conservation should naturally be attracted to water. It’s important that you don’t fear diving and have a strong interest in learning to dive during your stay. While volunteering, your task as a volunteer will be to help research, maintain and grow the unique marine biology. Best Places to Volunteer: The Bahamas, Cuba, Peru, South Africa, Indonesia, Spain and Italy. Nature Conservation Conservation projects are dedicated to protecting the natural environment of a specific location. Tasks here may vary greatly depending on the program but it will require volunteers to study the environment and learn about the local wildlife species. You’ll be monitoring the environment and retrieving data while taking action to preserve the local species of fauna and flora. Best Places to Volunteer: Madagascar, the Maldives, South Africa, New Zealand and Russia. Renewable Energy and Water Projects focused on energy and water create ways for communities to access sustainable energy and water sources. These programs are dedicated to designing system improvements and creating a sustainable supply of energy and water. It’s important for conservation volunteers to evaluate the needs of the community and implement actions to solve these issues. Best Places to Volunteer: Peru, Costa Rica, El Salvador, India and Cameroon. Requirements: With so many subcategories and such a wide array of organizations, the required skill set will vary for each program. English is the main language on all projects so it’s important that conservation volunteers have a good understanding of English. For projects in South America, you will find it helpful to have a basic knowledge of Spanish. 31. If you want to volunteer for three projects in the same country, which country is the best choice? A. Peru. B. Indonesia. C. South Africa. D. India. 32. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Volunteers can learn farming techniques by implementing these techniques on their own. B. Volunteers need to study the environment and perform the same natural conservation tasks. C. Volunteers should assess the requirements of the community before implementing actions. D. Volunteers can sign up for marine conservation project even if they are afraid of the water. 33. What is required in common to be a volunteer in any of the above programs? A. Farming techniques. B. Marine biology. C. Data retrieving. D. The English language. 【答案】31. C 32. B 33. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。作者主要介绍了一些环境志愿者需具备的条件以及可以去的地方。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一个项目Sustainable Agriculture中“Best Places to Volunteer: Central or South Africa, India, Nepal, Indonesia and the Philippines.”（最佳志愿者地点：中非或南非、印度、尼泊尔、印度尼西亚和菲律宾。），第二个项目Marine Conservation中“Best Places to Volunteer: The Bahamas, Cuba, Peru, South Africa, Indonesia, Spain and Italy.”（志愿者的最佳地点：巴哈马、古巴、秘鲁、南非、印度尼西亚、西班牙和意大利。），第三个项目Nature Conservation中“Best Places to Volunteer: Madagascar, the Maldives, South Africa, New Zealand and Russia.”（志愿者的最佳地点：马达加斯加，马尔代夫，南非，新西兰和俄罗斯。），第四个项目 Renewable Energy and Water中“Best Places to Volunteer: Peru, Costa Rica, El Salvador, India and Cameroon.”（志愿者的最佳地点：秘鲁，哥斯达黎加，萨尔瓦多，印度和喀麦隆。）结合以上四个项目的最佳地点可知，如果你想在同一个国家志愿参加三个项目，最好的选择就是去南非。故选C。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三个项目Nature Conservation中“Tasks here may vary greatly depending on the program but it will require volunteers to study the environment and learn about the local wildlife species. You’ll be monitoring the environment and retrieving data while taking action to preserve the local species of fauna and flora.”（根据项目的不同，这里的任务可能会有很大差异，但需要志愿者研究环境，了解当地的野生动物物种。你将监测环境并获取数据，同时采取行动保护当地的动植物物种。）可知，志愿者需要研究环境，并执行同样的自然保护任务。故选B。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“English is the main language on all projects so it’s important that conservation volunteers have a good understanding of English.”（英语是所有项目的主要语言，所以环保志愿者对英语有良好的理解是很重要的。）可知，任何项目的志愿者都需要具备的共同的条件就是对英语有良好的理解。故选D。 B MEGHAN YOUNG is a professional Instagram star. She gets paid to climb beautiful mountains, photograph their glittering (闪闪发光的) summits and post about her adventures to her fans. Young graduated from Seattle University’s school of Law in 2015. But she decided she didn’t want to become a lawyer. Her parents were shocked by the decision. “They were worried about what I was going to do,” Young says. “How was I going to find career stability?” But her legal skills haven’t gone to waste. Once companies express an interest in working with her, there’s the tough task of negotiating the terms (条款) of the deal. And the work is still unfinished even after she’s done take the photos. When Young returns from her adventures, she carefully edits the images and writes captions to go along with them. Once the posts are public, businesses sometimes don’t pay on time. That's when she needs to follow up. Her least favorite problem is when she discovers that a company has used her photos in a way that violates the terms of the contract.That usually leads to time-consuming email exchanges. Social media influencing is not as effortless as it seems. The stress it creates even has its own name: creator burnout (精疲力竭) . Young used to obsessively check her post’s performance, which she says will “drive you crazy”, so she stopped. But if she doesn’t reply, people will stop commenting.Without that engagement on her posts, brands won’t want to keep paying her. Therefore, she had to accept the fact that she’ll be tethered (拴住) to her phone as long as she’s in this line of work. Beyond the day-to- day headaches of a career online, social media’s inherent (固有的) uncertainly also poses problems for creators. There are times when Young is staring at the calendar without another project in the works. In the long term, it can be risky to focus a career on a single platform, or even on social media itself. Yet Young says it’s all been worth it, because the sponsorship allow her to spend much of her life in the mountains. Her ideal day starts with unzipping her tent at dawn so she can take pictures of the sunrise reflecting on snowy summits around her. Few jobs in the world would allow her to do that so consistently (一贯地) . 34. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The main work involved in being an Instagram influencer. B The difficulties that every Instagram star will meet. C. How to deal with dishonest companies. D. How Meghan Young’s legal skills help her work. 35. According to the article, all of the following are problems with being a social media influencer EXCEPT__________. A. there are a lot of tough tasks when dealing with sponsors. B. the work of photo-taking and image-editing is difficult to handle. C. it is stressful to check one’s phone and to interact with fans all the time. D. the income is unstable and the career prospects are uncertain. 36. According to the article, what is Meghan Young’s attitude toward her career as a full-time influencer? A. Bored. B. Worried. C. Satisfied D. Confident. 37. According to the article, which of the following statements is true? A. Meghan Young’s decision to be a full-time influencer was supported by her parents. B. It happens frequently that Meghan Young doesn’t get paid on time. C. It is impossible for Instagram influencers to put down their phones. D. In order to increase their influence, creators have to keep a good relationship with fans. 【答案】34 D 35. B 36. C 37. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了梅根·杨作为Instagram一位专业的明星，在从事全职的社交媒体影响者这一工作的优势和所要面对的难题。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“But her legal skills haven’t gone to waste. ”（但她的法律技能并没有白白浪费。）“Once the posts are public, businesses sometimes don’t pay on time. That's when she needs to follow up.”（一旦帖子公开，企业有时就不会按时付款。那就是她需要跟进的时候。）可知，第三段的主要内容是讲述了梅根·杨的法律技能如何帮助她的工作。故选D项。 【35题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“And the work is still unfinished even after she’s done take the photos. When Young returns from her adventures, she carefully edits the images and writes captions to go along with them. ”（即使在她拍完照片之后，这项工作仍然没有完成。当杨从她的冒险中回来时，她仔细地编辑这些图片，并为它们配上文字说明。）可知选项B不是难题；以及第三段中“Once companies express an interest in working with her, there’s the tough task of negotiating the terms (条款) of the deal.”（一旦公司表达了与她合作的兴趣，谈判协议条款就成了一项艰巨的任务。）第四段中“But if she doesn’t reply, people will stop commenting.Without that engagement on her posts, brands won’t want to keep paying her. Therefore, she had to accept the fact that she’ll be tethered (拴住) to her phone as long as she’s in this line of work.”（但如果她不回复，人们就会停止评论。如果没有她的参与，各大品牌将不想继续支付她的报酬。因此，她不得不接受这样一个事实：只要她还在从事这一行，她就得整天跟手机打交道。）以及可知选项A、C和D都是社交媒体影响者面临的问题。故选B项。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Yet Young says it’s all been worth it, because the sponsorship allow her to spend much of her life in the mountains.”（但杨说，这一切都是值得的，因为有了赞助，她可以在山里度过生命中的大部分时间。）可知，梅根·杨对她的全职影响者职业是满意的态度。故选C项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“But if she doesn’t reply, people will stop commenting. Without that engagement on her posts, brands won’t want to keep paying her.”（但如果她不回复，人们就会停止评论。如果没有她的参与，各大品牌将不想继续支付她的报酬。）可知，为了增加影响力，创作者必须与粉丝保持良好的关系。故选D项。 C Why is the sky blue? There are various popular explanations to this question, though they have been proved false. There is, however, one current answer provided by modern science. It is the result of electromagnetic scattering(电磁散射) concerning sunlight and those extremely tiny pieces, namely particles, in Earth’s atmosphere. To understand it you must understand how light waves work. The distance from one point to the next on light waves is called the wavelength, which determines the colour of the light. Sunlight looks like a white light, yet it is more than that. In fact, it is formed by different colours mixed together, travelling in a straight line. When it knocks into something, it will break into waves, the lengths of which vary according to the thing it knocks into. One short light wave corresponds to the colour of blue. When a gas particle gets hit by a light wave, it can take in some of the energy of the wave and radiates(发射). Due to their frequency, blue light waves are much more easily taken in. But the blue light taken in never radiates in one direction only. Instead, it shoots off in all directions. So the sky is blue because you are seeing the scattered light as it bounces(反弹) around the atmosphere. At sunrise or sunset, the sky turns red and orange also because of a scattering process. When the sun is near the horizon, it passes through more atmosphere. During the process, the longer light waves pass through thinner layers of the atmosphere, and become visible in orange and red. One false explanation claims that the sky is blue because it reflects the colour of the blue ocean. The truth is what causes the ocean to look blue is the same thing that causes the sky to look blue. 38. The colour of light depends on ______. A. electromagnetic scattering B. the length of its wave C. the layers of the atmosphere D. the object the gas particle knocks into 39. From the passage we can learn that ______ A. the light from the sun has different colours B. the light taken in usually radiates in one direction C. blue light waves are much more difficult to take in D. the light from the sun becomes white when it runs into an object 40. Why does the sky look red or orange at sunset? A. The light waves are shorter at that time. B. The scattered light passes through more atmosphere. C. The scattered light bounces around the atmosphere. D. The shorter waves pass through thinner layers of the atmosphere. 41. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the blue sky? A. Blue light waves are much more easily taken in. B. The colour of the light has an effect on the colour of the sky. C. The sky is blue because it shows the colour of the oceans. D. The particles in the atmosphere affect the colour of the sky. 【答案】38. B 39. A 40. B 41. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了光波的运动，天空为什么是蓝色的等。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The distance from one point to the next on light waves is called the wavelength, which determines the colour of the light.(光波上从一点到下一点的距离称为波长，它决定了光的颜色。)”可知，光的颜色取决于光波的长度。故选B项。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sunlight looks like a white light, yet it is more than that. In fact, it is formed by different colours mixed together, travelling in a straight line. (阳光看起来像一道白光，但它不止于此。事实上，它是由不同的颜色混合在一起，沿直线行进而形成的。)”可知，来自太阳的光有不同的颜色。故选A项。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“At sunrise or sunset, the sky turns red and orange also because of a scattering process. When the sun is near the horizon, it passes through more atmosphere. During the process, the longer light waves pass through thinner layers of the atmosphere, and become visible in orange and red. (日出或日落时，天空也会因为散射过程而变成红色和橙色。当太阳接近地平线时，它会穿过更多的大气层。在这一过程中，较长的光波穿过较薄的大气层，呈现出橙色和红色。)”可知，因为散射光通过更多的大气层，所以日落时天空看起来是红色或橙色的。故选B项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“One false explanation claims that the sky is blue because it reflects the colour of the blue ocean. The truth is what causes the ocean to look blue is the same thing that causes the sky to look blue. (一种错误的解释认为，天空是蓝色的，因为它反映了蓝色海洋的颜色。事实是，海洋看起来是蓝色的原因和天空看起来是蓝色的原因是一样的。)”可知，“天空是蓝色的，因为它显示了海洋的颜色”是不正确的。故选C项。 D Initial conversations can have a huge impact on how relationships develop over time. People are often stuck in the impressions they think they might have made the minute they finish speaking with someone for the first time: “Did they like me or were they just being polite?” “Were they deep in thought or deeply bored?” To find out whether these worries are necessary we have conducted nearly 10 years of research. In our studies, participants in the UK talked with someone they had never met before. Afterward, they were asked how much they liked their conversation partner and how much they believed that their conversation partner liked them. This allowed us to compare how much people believed they were liked to how much they were actually liked. Time and time again, we found that people left their conversations with negative feelings about the impression they made. That is, people systematically underestimate how much their conversation partners like them and enjoy their company — a false belief we call the “liking gap”. This bias (偏见) may seem like something that would occur only in initial interactions, but its effects extend far beyond a first impression. Surprisingly, the liking gap can constantly affect a variety of relationships, including interactions with coworkers, long after the initial conversations have taken place. Having a larger liking gap is associated with being less willing to ask workmates for help, less willing to provide workmates with open and honest feedback, and less willing to work on another project together. There are numerous strategies to minimize your biased feelings. One place to start is shifting your focus of attention. Try to direct your attention to your conversation partner, be genuinely curious about them, ask them more questions, and really listen to their answers. The more you’re zeroed in on the other person, and the less you’re focused on yourself, the better your conversation will be and the less your mind will turn to all the things you think you didn’t do well. 42. Why did the author carry out 10 years of research? A. To dismiss national concerns. B. To check out a potential bias. C. To enhance human communication. D. To develop harmonious relationships. 43. What is one effect of people’s liking gap? A. Fewer chances of new projects. B. Underestimation of their ability. C. Bad relationships with people around. D. Low willingness to interact with others. 44. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A. Restate opinions. B. Deliver warnings. C. Give suggestions. D. Make a summary. 45. Which might be the best title for the text? A. Liking Gap May Influence Work Performances B. First Impressions Rely On Initial Conversations C. People Probably Like You More Than You Think D. How People Like You Matters Less Than You Assume 【答案】42. B 43. D 44. C 45. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了什么是“好感认知差距”以及这种心态对人们社交关系的影响。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Initial conversations can have a huge impact on how relationships develop over time. People are often stuck in the impressions they think they might have made the minute they finish speaking with someone for the first time: “Did they like me or were they just being polite?” “Were they deep in thought or deeply bored?”(最初的对话会对关系的发展产生巨大的影响。人们常常会陷入自己第一次和别人说话时留下的印象中：“他们是喜欢我还是只是出于礼貌？”“他们是在沉思还是很无聊？”)”以及第二段“To find out whether these worries are necessary, we have conducted nearly 10 years of research.(为了弄清楚这些担忧是否有必要，我们进行了近10年的研究)”可知，作者进行10年的研究是为了找出潜在的偏见。故选B。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Having a larger liking gap is associated with being less willing to ask workmates for help, less willing to provide workmates with open and honest feedback, and less willing to work on another project together.(好感认知差距越大，就越不愿意向同事寻求帮助，越不愿意向同事提供公开和诚实的反馈，越不愿意一起完成另一个项目)”可知，好感认知差距的一个影响是与他人互动的意愿低。故选D。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are numerous strategies to minimize your biased feelings. One place to start is shifting your focus of attention. Try to direct your attention to your conversation partner, be genuinely curious about them, ask them more questions, and really listen to their answers. The more you’re zeroed in on the other person, and the less you’re focused on yourself, the better your conversation will be and the less your mind will turn to all the things you think you didn’t do well.(有很多策略可以减少你的偏见。可以从转移你的注意力开始。试着把你的注意力转移到你的谈话对象身上，真诚地对他们感到好奇，问他们更多的问题，并认真倾听他们的回答。你越关注对方，越少关注自己，你们的对话就会越好，你也就越不会去想那些你认为自己做得不好的事情)”可知，作者在最后一段想给出建议。故选C。 【45题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Time and time again, we found that people left their conversations with negative feelings about the impression they made. That is, people systematically underestimate how much their conversation partners like them and enjoy their company — a false belief we call the “liking gap”.(我们一次又一次地发现，人们在结束谈话时对自己留下的印象感到消极。也就是说，人们系统性地低估了交谈对象对自己的喜爱程度和对陪伴的享受程度——这种错误的信念我们称之为“好感认知差距”)”结合文章主要说明了什么是“好感认知差距”以及这种心态对人们社交关系的影响。可知，C选项“人们可能比你想象的更喜欢你”最符合文章标题。故选C。 第Ⅱ卷 Ⅴ．完成句子(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 根据所给提示(句子语境、首字母、中文、单词基本形式等)，填入所缺词语的适当形式，使句子完整、意思通顺、语法正确。 46. In addition, important a______ have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】advances##dvances 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：此外，由于计算机能力的提高，医学和环境科学也取得了重要进展。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此处为复数名词advances“进步，提高”作主语，满足句意要求。故填advances 47. He raised the kite with a piece of string tied to it. A metal key ______ (attach) to the string. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was attached 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：他用一根绑在风筝上的绳子把风筝举起来。一把金属钥匙被系在绳子上。根据上句raised可知，句子应用一般过去时描述过去的情况，attach与主语A metal key之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语A metal key是单数，be动词使用was。故填was attached。 48. Multiple generations of schoolchildren have been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to ______ (look) for the truth. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】looking 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：几代学童都对他的勇敢和寻找真相的科学方法感到惊讶。approach to doing sth.为固定搭配，表示“做某事的方法”，介词to后接动名词形式作宾语。故填looking。 49. Yesterday I went to an amazing Chinese art festival. There were different stands ________artists could demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.  （用适当的词填空） 【答案】where　 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。 句意：昨天我去参加了一个很棒的中国艺术节。那里有不同的摊位，在那里艺术家们可以展示他们的技艺，并教给参观者。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词为stands，定语从句中缺少地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 50. Night-Shining White, now kept in New York’s Metropolitan Musem of Art is r______ as one of the most significant horse paintings in the history of Chinese art. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】regarded##egarded 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：《照夜白图》现藏于纽约大都会艺术博物馆，被认为是中国艺术史上最重要的马画之一。根据句意和所给首字母，应是动词regard意为“将……认为，把……视为”符合语境，和主语Night-Shining White之间是被动关系，用被动语态，空前已有be动词，所以空处应填过去分词形式，构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填regarded。 51. ______(短语：日复一日), Han Gan painted the horses, his brush presenting every detail that he saw with his own eyes. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】Day after day 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：Han Gan日复一日地画着马，他的画笔描绘着他亲眼所见的每一个细节。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为固定短语Day after day“日复一日”，满足句意要求。故填Day after day。 52. Research also suggests that our desire to s______ risks can be connected to how much we expect to benefit from the result. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】seek## eek 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究还表明，我们寻求风险的愿望可能与我们期望从结果中受益的程度有关。根据单词首字母以及句意“寻求”以及句子结构可知，此处缺少动词seek构成不定式充当desire的后置定语，故填seek。 53. He refers to the personalities of these people as “Type T”, with the “T” s______ for “thrill”. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】standing## tanding 【解析】 【详解】考查with复合结构。句意：他把这些人的性格称为“T型性格”，其中“T”代表“刺激”。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，设空处为动词stand，动词短语stand for意为“代表”，此处为with复合结构，宾语the “T”与动词短语stand for “thrill”之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词作宾补。故填standing。 54. They are captured and taken inside the submarine, where they meet the man ______ (短语：负责), Captain Nemo. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】in charge 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：他们被捕获并带进潜艇，在那里他们遇到了负责人，尼莫船长。in charge为固定短语，表示“负责”，介词短语作后置定语，修饰名词man。故填in charge。 55. Looking ______ my newspaper, I’m shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】through 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意：翻阅我的报纸，我被亚洲一场飓风摧毁一座城镇的照片震惊了。look through为固定短语，表示“浏览，翻阅”，符合语境。故选through。 56. Caused by exceptionally heavy snowfall within a short period of time, the avalanches destroyed buildings and forests, and c______ over 256 lives. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】claimed##laimed 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：由于短时间内异常强烈的降雪，雪崩摧毁了建筑物和森林，造成256人死亡。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此处为动词claim“使丧生，致命”，满足句意要求，结合and连接的动词destroyed可知，此处应为一般过去时。故填claimed。 57. There was water everywhere but we couldn’t drink any of it o________ we’d get really sick. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】otherwise##therwise 【解析】 【详解】考查连词（句子副词）。句意：到处都是水，但我们不能喝，否则我们会生病的。根据单词首字母和句意“否则，要不然”可知，此处应用连词otherwise连接后文。故填otherwise。 58. We have to be very sensitive and work ______ (close) with the doctors and nurses, who keep us updated on each patient. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】closely 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：我们必须非常敏感，并与医生和护士密切合作，他们让我们了解每一位患者的最新情况。设空处需要副词作状语修饰动词work。故填closely。 59. Yesterday, I stepped on a banana skin and fell over in front of the whole class. I was the ______ (短语：笑柄)of the class. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】laughing stock 【解析】 【详解】考查名词短语。句意：昨天，我踩到了香蕉皮，在全班同学面前摔倒了。我是班上的笑柄。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词短语laughing stock“笑柄”作表语，满足句意要求。故填laughing stock。 60. Both Twain and Lin understood that humour isn’t just about laughter, but is a way of life and a tool that can be used to i______(照亮) the world. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】illuminate##lluminate 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：Twain和Lin都明白，幽默不仅仅是笑声，而是一种生活方式，一种可以用来照亮世界的工具。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此处为动词illuminate“照亮”，满足句意要求，结合空前to不定式可知，为动词原形。故填illuminate。 Ⅵ．书面表达(共1小题;满分15分) 61. 假如你是李华，听说你的好友魏方所在的班，在天津一中校长杯足球联赛中荣获冠军。请你根据以下内容，给他写一封祝贺信。内容包括： ①表达你的愉悦心情； ②向他表示祝贺； ③请他介绍成功的经验。 注意： ①词数100左右； ②开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数； ③可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：校长杯足球联赛 the Principal Cup Football League Dear Wei Fang, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Wei Fang, Hearing that your class won the championship in the Principal Cup Football League, I am writing to express my heartfelt congratulations to you. You don’t know how excited I was when I heard the good news. As your best friend, I am proud of you! It is not surprising that you won the game after your hard work. Can you share with me how you won the championship? I would appreciate it if you could write back to me and give me your advice. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给好友魏方写一封祝贺信，祝贺他所在班级在天津一中校长杯足球联赛中荣获冠军。 【详解】1.词汇积累 表达：express→convey 激动的：excited→thrilled 好的：good→nice 建议：advice→suggestion 2.句式拓展 同义句替换 原句：You don’t know how excited I was when I heard the good news. 拓展句：You have no idea how excited I was when I heard the good news. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Hearing that your class won the championship in the Principal Cup Football League, I am writing to express my heartfelt congratulations to you. (运用了非谓语动词现在分词作状语和that引导宾语从句) 【高分句型2】It is not surprising that you won the game after your hard work. (运用了it作形式主语，that引导主语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 天津一中2023-2024-2高一年级 英语学科期末质量调查试卷 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)、第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，共100分，考试用时90分钟。第Ⅰ卷1至5页，第Ⅱ卷为第6页。考生务必将答案涂写答题卡的规定位置上，答在试卷上的无效。 祝各位考生考试顺利! 第Ⅰ卷 Ⅰ．听力(共20小题;每小题0.5分，满分10分) 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What will Mary do tonight? A．Have dinner with her colleagues. B．Have dinner with the man. C．Go to see a movie. 2．Where does the conversation probably take place? A．In a hotel. B．In a hospital. C．In a classroom. 3．Why does the woman work overtime? A．To wait for a call. B．To fix her computer. C．To meet a customer. 4．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．Wanting promotion. B．Changing their jobs. C．Going back to school. 5．How would Laura most probably go to work? A．By car. B．By bus. C．By bike. 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答6至7小题。 6．Why does the man drive so fast? A．To get to work on time. B．To stay away from an accident. C．To show off his good driving skills. 7．What will the man have to do if he gets a ticket? A．Drive more slowly. B．Keep silent while driving. C．Let the woman be the driver. 听第7段材料，回答8至9小题。 8．What does the man think of fishing? A．It clears his mind. B．It brings him great fun. C．It takes much patience. 9．What does the man like most about fishing? A．Reading books while fishing. B．Reading nature while fishing. C．Fishing together with his daughter. 听第8段材料，回答10至12小题。 10．Why did the woman’s husband go to Philippines? A．To give lectures. B．To provide help. C．To do business. 11．How many days will the woman’s husband stay in Philippines? A．14 days. B．16 days. C．18 days. 12．What are the Philippines suffering from now? A．Floods. B．An earthquake. C．A terrible disease. 听第9段材料，回答13至16小题。 13．What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A．Classmates. B．Teacher and student. C．Librarian and library user. 14．What is harming the environment in Yucatan according to the man? A．Tourism. B．Mining. C．Agriculture. 15．How did the man first know about the environmental damage in Yucatan? A．From a lecture. B．From his brother. C．From a magazine. 16．What in the magazine are useful to the man? A．The photos. B．The interviews. C．The news stories. 听第10段材料，回答17至20小题。 17．When can people hear the speaker? A．In the morning. B．In the afternoon. C．In the evening. 18．Which is the best show according to the speaker? A．News Today. B．Nighttime. C．The Children’s Room. 19．On which channel can people ask questions and get money? A．11． B．6． C．3. 20．What does the speaker most probably do? A．A newspaper reporter. B．A TV host or hostess C．A radio manager. Ⅱ．单项选择(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 1. —What are you going to do this weekend? —______. If I have time, I may go climbing with my cousin. A. No comment B. It depends C. Nothing serious D. It’s up to you 2. It’s unbelievable that Susan lied to me last night. I just want to ______ why she did it. A make up B. account for C. refer to D. figure out 3. As far as I know, the exciting sports meeting held last week was ______ by a food company. A. criticized B. exhibited C. demonstrated D. sponsored 4. According to a new study, the statement that boys are always better at maths than girls is not ______. A. virtual B. reliable C. significant D. sensitive 5. The heavy rain came so suddenly that many people had to take ______ in the mall after shopping. A. tubes B. threats C. charge D. shelter 6. The selection standards for female employees in this company are the same as those for male employees ______ professional qualifications. A. in need of B. in case of C. in return for D. in terms of 7. Lily spends an hour reading books every night before she goes to bed, so________ she makes some progress in writing. A. occasionally B. gradually C. initially D. extremely 8. Mrs. Sun ______ a book about Chinese lecture last year, but I didn’t know whether she has finished it. A. would write B. wrote C. had written D. was writing 9. ______ impressed me most was that those disabled athletes tried their best to compete in the games. A. That B. It C. What D. Which 10. There is comedy in the texts of Ancient Greece, and medieval writings are filled with jokes. ______ these same jokes might not be as funny to us now as they were then, their authors understood that humour could not only entertain but also throw new light on sensitive or emotive issue. A. Unless B. Since C. While D. If 11. Jim’s brother looked at him angrily, with his arms ____ across his chest. A. folding B. having folded C. folded D. to fold 12. Although the scientist is over 80 years old, he still devotes himself to his research, ______ moved many people greatly. A. which B. what C. that D. where 13. Unusual animal behaviour ______ indicate whether it’s cold, wet weather that’s on the way or a hot, dry period. A. should B. need C. must D. can 14. Last year, hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew ______ crowds, discomfort and danger. A. is going to include B. are going to include C. included D. would include 15. Up to now, more than one article on environmental protection ______ in the local newspaper. A. has published B. have published C. has been published D. have been published Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) Sadly, for too few schools make science attractive. Textbooks are as dull as dictionaries. As a result, too many children think that science is only for people as clever as Einstein. But actually children start out as ____16____ scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there’s no ____17____ for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children’s ____18____ . Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven year olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, “Now that we’re finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about ____19____?” After a long pause, a boy raised his hand. “Have you ever seen a grasshopper (蚱蜢) ____20____? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why? ” This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours. Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults ____21____ wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical, complete and creative answers. Thirdly, watch your ____22____. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don’t ____23____ with “That’s right” or “Very good”. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior. But in talking about science, quick ____24____ can signal that discussion is over. _____25_____, keep things going by saying “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before”, or coming up with more questions or ideas. Never _____26_____ a child to “Think”. It doesn’t _____27_____. Children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What’s more, this can turn a conversation into a _____28_____. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target for your disagreement. Lastly, show; don’t tell. _____29_____ impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass (放大镜), and they’ll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. _____30_____ saying that water evaporates (蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop. 16. A. clever B. natural C. professional D. determined 17. A. vision B. need C. desire D. excuse 18. A. curiosity B. fun C. experience D. success 19. A. creatures B. environment C. science D. textbooks 20. A. fight B. fly C. breed D. eat 21. A. typically B. hardly C. purposefully D. originally 22. A. behavior B. language C. tone D. signal 23 A. end up B. jump in C. start out D. go on 24 A. interaction B. decision C. reaction D. praise 25. A. Besides B. Therefore C. Instead D. However 26. A. push B. expect C. allow D. forbid 27. A. make sense B. take place C. make a difference D. work wonders 28. A. debate B. challenge C. performance D. headache 29. A. Accurate B. Objective C. Deep-rooted D. Real-life 30. A. In spite of B. As a result of C. Instead of D. Apart from Ⅳ．阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分) A Are you worried about the planet and tired of waiting around for things to change? Go ahead and take a closer look at the various options available to volunteer for the environment! Sustainable Agriculture If you decide to volunteer for a sustainable agriculture project, you’ll definitely learn some interesting sustainable farming techniques. You will be learning these techniques from locals or teaching them to the local farmers so they can implement these techniques on their own. Best Places to Volunteer: Central or South Africa, India, Nepal, Indonesia and the Philippines. Marine Conservation Volunteers for marine conservation should naturally be attracted to water. It’s important that you don’t fear diving and have a strong interest in learning to dive during your stay. While volunteering, your task as a volunteer will be to help research, maintain and grow the unique marine biology. Best Places to Volunteer: The Bahamas, Cuba, Peru, South Africa, Indonesia, Spain and Italy. Nature Conservation Conservation projects are dedicated to protecting the natural environment of a specific location. Tasks here may vary greatly depending on the program but it will require volunteers to study the environment and learn about the local wildlife species. You’ll be monitoring the environment and retrieving data while taking action to preserve the local species of fauna and flora. Best Places to Volunteer: Madagascar, the Maldives, South Africa, New Zealand and Russia. Renewable Energy and Water Projects focused on energy and water create ways for communities to access sustainable energy and water sources. These programs are dedicated to designing system improvements and creating a sustainable supply of energy and water. It’s important for conservation volunteers to evaluate the needs of the community and implement actions to solve these issues. Best Places to Volunteer: Peru, Costa Rica, El Salvador, India and Cameroon. Requirements: With so many subcategories and such a wide array of organizations, the required skill set will vary for each program. English is the main language on all projects so it’s important that conservation volunteers have a good understanding of English. For projects in South America, you will find it helpful to have a basic knowledge of Spanish. 31. If you want to volunteer for three projects in the same country, which country is the best choice? A. Peru. B. Indonesia. C. South Africa. D. India. 32. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A Volunteers can learn farming techniques by implementing these techniques on their own. B. Volunteers need to study the environment and perform the same natural conservation tasks. C. Volunteers should assess the requirements of the community before implementing actions. D. Volunteers can sign up for marine conservation project even if they are afraid of the water. 33. What is required in common to be a volunteer in any of the above programs? A. Farming techniques. B. Marine biology. C Data retrieving. D. The English language. B MEGHAN YOUNG is a professional Instagram star. She gets paid to climb beautiful mountains, photograph their glittering (闪闪发光的) summits and post about her adventures to her fans. Young graduated from Seattle University’s school of Law in 2015. But she decided she didn’t want to become a lawyer. Her parents were shocked by the decision. “They were worried about what I was going to do,” Young says. “How was I going to find career stability?” But her legal skills haven’t gone to waste. Once companies express an interest in working with her, there’s the tough task of negotiating the terms (条款) of the deal. And the work is still unfinished even after she’s done take the photos. When Young returns from her adventures, she carefully edits the images and writes captions to go along with them. Once the posts are public, businesses sometimes don’t pay on time. That's when she needs to follow up. Her least favorite problem is when she discovers that a company has used her photos in a way that violates the terms of the contract.That usually leads to time-consuming email exchanges. Social media influencing is not as effortless as it seems. The stress it creates even has its own name: creator burnout (精疲力竭) . Young used to obsessively check her post’s performance, which she says will “drive you crazy”, so she stopped. But if she doesn’t reply, people will stop commenting.Without that engagement on her posts, brands won’t want to keep paying her. Therefore, she had to accept the fact that she’ll be tethered (拴住) to her phone as long as she’s in this line of work. Beyond the day-to- day headaches of a career online, social media’s inherent (固有的) uncertainly also poses problems for creators. There are times when Young is staring at the calendar without another project in the works. In the long term, it can be risky to focus a career on a single platform, or even on social media itself. Yet Young says it’s all been worth it, because the sponsorship allow her to spend much of her life in the mountains. Her ideal day starts with unzipping her tent at dawn so she can take pictures of the sunrise reflecting on snowy summits around her. Few jobs in the world would allow her to do that so consistently (一贯地) . 34. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The main work involved in being an Instagram influencer. B. The difficulties that every Instagram star will meet. C. How to deal with dishonest companies. D. How Meghan Young’s legal skills help her work. 35. According to the article, all of the following are problems with being a social media influencer EXCEPT__________. A. there are a lot of tough tasks when dealing with sponsors. B. the work of photo-taking and image-editing is difficult to handle. C. it is stressful to check one’s phone and to interact with fans all the time. D. the income is unstable and the career prospects are uncertain. 36. According to the article, what is Meghan Young’s attitude toward her career as a full-time influencer? A. Bored. B. Worried. C. Satisfied D. Confident. 37. According to the article, which of the following statements is true? A. Meghan Young’s decision to be a full-time influencer was supported by her parents. B. It happens frequently that Meghan Young doesn’t get paid on time. C. It is impossible for Instagram influencers to put down their phones. D. In order to increase their influence, creators have to keep a good relationship with fans. C Why is the sky blue? There are various popular explanations to this question, though they have been proved false. There is, however, one current answer provided by modern science. It is the result of electromagnetic scattering(电磁散射) concerning sunlight and those extremely tiny pieces, namely particles, in Earth’s atmosphere. To understand it you must understand how light waves work. The distance from one point to the next on light waves is called the wavelength, which determines the colour of the light. Sunlight looks like a white light, yet it is more than that. In fact, it is formed by different colours mixed together, travelling in a straight line. When it knocks into something, it will break into waves, the lengths of which vary according to the thing it knocks into. One short light wave corresponds to the colour of blue. When a gas particle gets hit by a light wave, it can take in some of the energy of the wave and radiates(发射). Due to their frequency, blue light waves are much more easily taken in. But the blue light taken in never radiates in one direction only. Instead, it shoots off in all directions. So the sky is blue because you are seeing the scattered light as it bounces(反弹) around the atmosphere. At sunrise or sunset, the sky turns red and orange also because of a scattering process. When the sun is near the horizon, it passes through more atmosphere. During the process, the longer light waves pass through thinner layers of the atmosphere, and become visible in orange and red. One false explanation claims that the sky is blue because it reflects the colour of the blue ocean. The truth is what causes the ocean to look blue is the same thing that causes the sky to look blue. 38. The colour of light depends on ______. A. electromagnetic scattering B. the length of its wave C. the layers of the atmosphere D. the object the gas particle knocks into 39. From the passage we can learn that ______ A. the light from the sun has different colours B. the light taken in usually radiates in one direction C. blue light waves are much more difficult to take in D. the light from the sun becomes white when it runs into an object 40. Why does the sky look red or orange at sunset? A. The light waves are shorter at that time. B. The scattered light passes through more atmosphere. C. The scattered light bounces around the atmosphere. D. The shorter waves pass through thinner layers of the atmosphere. 41. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the blue sky? A. Blue light waves are much more easily taken in. B. The colour of the light has an effect on the colour of the sky. C. The sky is blue because it shows the colour of the oceans. D. The particles in the atmosphere affect the colour of the sky. D Initial conversations can have a huge impact on how relationships develop over time. People are often stuck in the impressions they think they might have made the minute they finish speaking with someone for the first time: “Did they like me or were they just being polite?” “Were they deep in thought or deeply bored?” To find out whether these worries are necessary, we have conducted nearly 10 years of research. In our studies, participants in the UK talked with someone they had never met before. Afterward, they were asked how much they liked their conversation partner and how much they believed that their conversation partner liked them. This allowed us to compare how much people believed they were liked to how much they were actually liked. Time and time again, we found that people left their conversations with negative feelings about the impression they made. That is, people systematically underestimate how much their conversation partners like them and enjoy their company — a false belief we call the “liking gap”. This bias (偏见) may seem like something that would occur only in initial interactions, but its effects extend far beyond a first impression. Surprisingly, the liking gap can constantly affect a variety of relationships, including interactions with coworkers, long after the initial conversations have taken place. Having a larger liking gap is associated with being less willing to ask workmates for help, less willing to provide workmates with open and honest feedback, and less willing to work on another project together. There are numerous strategies to minimize your biased feelings. One place to start is shifting your focus of attention. Try to direct your attention to your conversation partner, be genuinely curious about them, ask them more questions, and really listen to their answers. The more you’re zeroed in on the other person, and the less you’re focused on yourself, the better your conversation will be and the less your mind will turn to all the things you think you didn’t do well. 42. Why did the author carry out 10 years of research? A. To dismiss national concerns. B. To check out a potential bias. C. To enhance human communication. D. To develop harmonious relationships. 43. What is one effect of people’s liking gap? A. Fewer chances of new projects. B. Underestimation of their ability. C. Bad relationships with people around. D. Low willingness to interact with others. 44. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A. Restate opinions. B. Deliver warnings. C. Give suggestions. D. Make a summary. 45. Which might be the best title for the text? A. Liking Gap May Influence Work Performances B. First Impressions Rely On Initial Conversations C. People Probably Like You More Than You Think D. How People Like You Matters Less Than You Assume 第Ⅱ卷 Ⅴ．完成句子(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 根据所给提示(句子语境、首字母、中文、单词基本形式等)，填入所缺词语的适当形式，使句子完整、意思通顺、语法正确。 46. In addition, important a______ have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power. (根据首字母单词拼写) 47. He raised the kite with a piece of string tied to it. A metal key ______ (attach) to the string. (所给词的适当形式填空) 48. Multiple generations of schoolchildren have been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to ______ (look) for the truth. (所给词的适当形式填空) 49. Yesterday I went to an amazing Chinese art festival. There were different stands ________artists could demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.  （用适当的词填空） 50. Night-Shining White, now kept in New York’s Metropolitan Musem of Art is r______ as one of the most significant horse paintings in the history of Chinese art. (根据首字母单词拼写) 51. ______(短语：日复一日), Han Gan painted the horses, his brush presenting every detail that he saw with his own eyes. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 52. Research also suggests that our desire to s______ risks can be connected to how much we expect to benefit from the result. (根据首字母单词拼写) 53. He refers to the personalities of these people as “Type T”, with the “T” s______ for “thrill”. (根据首字母单词拼写) 54. They are captured and taken inside the submarine, where they meet the man ______ (短语：负责), Captain Nemo. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 55. Looking ______ my newspaper, I’m shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town. (用适当的词填空) 56. Caused by exceptionally heavy snowfall within a short period of time, the avalanches destroyed buildings and forests, and c______ over 256 lives. (根据首字母单词拼写) 57. There was water everywhere, but we couldn’t drink any of it o________ we’d get really sick. （根据首字母单词拼写） 58. We have to be very sensitive and work ______ (close) with the doctors and nurses, who keep us updated on each patient. (所给词的适当形式填空) 59. Yesterday, I stepped on a banana skin and fell over in front of the whole class. I was the ______ (短语：笑柄)of the class. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 60. Both Twain and Lin understood that humour isn’t just about laughter, but is a way of life and a tool that can be used to i______(照亮) the world. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) Ⅵ．书面表达(共1小题;满分15分) 61. 假如你是李华，听说你的好友魏方所在的班，在天津一中校长杯足球联赛中荣获冠军。请你根据以下内容，给他写一封祝贺信。内容包括： ①表达你的愉悦心情； ②向他表示祝贺； ③请他介绍成功的经验。 注意： ①词数100左右； ②开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数； ③可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：校长杯足球联赛 the Principal Cup Football League Dear Wei Fang, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$