Unit 4 Lesson 2 Is Predirection Possible(课件)-2023-2024学年剑桥少儿英语三级下册

Is Predirection Possible Reading Explorer 3-4B @PDD 小牛教辅 Before You Read Before You Read The author is generally optimistic that scientists may be able to predict earthquakes in the future. Is Predirection Possible Never before have so many people packed into cities - places such as Los Angeles, Istanbul, Tokyo, and Lima - that are regularly affected by earthquakes. Located near the edge of Earth's huge, shifting plates, these cities face the risk of serious damage and economic disaster from large quakes - as well as the tsunamis, fires, and other kinds of destruction they often cause. We understand earthquakes better than we did a century ago. Scientists would like to be able to predict them, but is this possible? Today, some of the simplest questions about earthquakes are still difficult to answer: Why do they start? What makes them stop? Perhaps the most important question scientists need to answer is this: Are there clear patterns in earthquakes, or are they basically random and impossible to predict? damage n.损坏，破坏 disaster n.灾难 economic disaster 经济灾难 predict v.预测; 预报 random adj.随机的，随意的 Is Predirection Possible In Japan, government scientists say they have an answer to the question. "We believe that earthquake prediction is possible," says Koshun Yamaoka, a scientist at the Earthquake Research Institute at the University of Tokyo. In fact, Japan has already predicted where its next great earthquake will be: the region of Tokai southwest of Tokyo. Here, two plate boundaries have generated huge earthquakes every 100 to 150 years, but there hasn't been a major quake here since 1854. The theory is that stress is building up in this zone, which could lead to a massive quake. Unfortunately, this is more a forecast than a prediction. It's one thing to say that an earthquake is likely to happen in a high-risk area. It's another to predict exactly where and when the quake will occur. theory n.理论; 原理 zone n.区域; 区 massive adj.大量的，巨大的，大规模的 Is Predirection Possible The desire for a precise prediction of time and place has led to another theory: the idea of "preslip." Nacyuki Kato, a scientist at the Earthquake Research Institute, says his laboratory experiments show that before a fault in the Earth's crust finally breaks and causes an earthquake, it slips just a little. If we can detect these early slips taking place deep in the Earth's crust, we may be able to predict the next big quake. precise adj.精确的; 准确的 laboratory n.实验室; detect vt.发现; 查明 slips v.滑倒;溜 If something slips, it slides out of place. Is Predirection Possible Clues in the Desert Scientists working in Parkfield, California, are also trying to see if predicting earthquakes is possible. They've chosen the town of Parkfield not only because the San Andreas Fault runs through it, but because it's known for having earthquakes quite regularly approximately every 22 years. In the late 1980s, scientists in Parkfeld decided to study the fault to see if there were any warning signs prior to a quake. To do this, they drilled deep into the fault and set up equipment to register activity. Then they waited for the quake. Clues in the Desert 沙漠中的线索 deep adj.深（呼吸）的; 深的 adv.深深地; 在深处 fault n.断层 Is Predirection Possible Year after year, nothing happened. When a quake did finally hit on September 28, 2004, it was years off schedule, but most disappointing was the lack of warning signs. Scientists reviewed the data but could find no evidence of anything unusual preceding the quake. It led many to believe that perhaps earthquakes really are random events. Instead of giving up, though, scientists in Parkfield dug deeper into the ground. By late summer 2005, they had reached the fault's final depth of three kilometers, where they continued collecting data, hoping to find a cdue. schedule n.一览表，明细表，清单;日程安排;工作计划 I have a hectic schedule for the next few days. data n.数据;资料 Is Predirection Possible And then they found something. In an article published in the July 2008 journal Nature, the researchers in Parkfield claimed to have detected small changes in the fault shortly before an earthquake hit. What had they noticed? Just before a quake, the cracks in the fault had widened slightly. Scientists registered the first changes 10 hours before an earthquake of 3.0 on the Richter scale hit; they identifed identical signs two hours before a 1.0 quake- demonstrating that perhaps the "pre-slip" theory is correct. In other words,it may in fact be possible to predict an earthquake. cracks n.裂纹; 裂缝 scale n.大小，规模 The Richter scale is a scale used for measuring how severe an earthquake is. Is Predirection Possible Although there is still a long way to go, it appears from the research being done all over the world that earthquakes are not entirely random.If this is so, in the future we may be able to track the Barth's movements and design early-warning systems that allow us to predict when a quake will happen and, in doing so, prevent the loss of life. entirely adv.完全; 完整地; 全部地 track n.轨道; （移动的）路径，路线 1 BOLTED FOUNDATIONS Wood-framed homes can be attached to foundations using long steel bolts. This makes them less likely to collapse. 3 SHOCK ABSORBERS Larger buildings can be separated from their foundations and placed on steel and rubber pads.2 This helps the building better absorb strong shock waves. 2 FLEXIBLE JOINTS Adding flexible joints can allow tunnels to bend. 4 UTILITY PROTECTORS Tubes added around water pipes and electrical cables can move when the ground moves. This prevents damage to key utilities and makes repairs easier. 6 STEEL "SKELETONS" Steel "skeletons" attached to inner walls allow skyscrapers to sway without breaking. 5 MICROPILES AND MESH Micropiles- long pipes- inserted through the foundations, as well as steel mesh wrapped around the columns, can make bridges and overpasses more flexible. Post -Reading Reading Comprehension Reading Comprehension Reading Comprehension Reading Comprehension A C E Reading Skill Reading Skill Reading Skill P-wave = yellow vertical arrow S-wave = red wavy arrow Surface wave = red horizontal arrows Reading Skill I think the safest place to be in an earthquake is under a very heavy structure that cannot move, or inside a very strong building frame, such as underneath a doorway on a lower level, away from any glass. Vocabulary Practice Vocabulary Practice schedule random track massive zone Vocabulary Practice laboratory detect data precise Vocabulary Practice on busy behind Earthquakes Before You Watch shallow magnitude devastating rattled Before You Watch The Earth's crust sits on top of tectonic plates, which move. As the plates push together, they can slip or fall beneath one another. This is what causes an earthquake—and the movement of the Earth sends shockwaves through the rock. While You Watch While You Watch While You Watch I would prioritize ensuring that new buildings are earthquake-proof because that seems like a realistic way to help save lives now. Engineers have already designed proven methods, so I would want to use that technology in my city. null, track 1 2019 316862.28 $$