Module 5 Unit 3 Language in use-【宝典训练】2023-2024学年九年级下册英语高效课堂课件(外研版)

Module 5　Look after yourself Unit 3 Language in use 目 录 01 第一部分 语法归纳 02 第二部分 语法专练 01 第一部分 语法归纳 时态 【概念】英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的动词形式表示，这种不同的动词形式称为时态。 时态种类：(基本时态) 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 1．一般现在时 (1)定义 一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态及客观现实和普遍真理。 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (2)句型结构 be动词的变化 肯定句：主语＋be(am、is、are)＋其他 I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。 否定句：主语＋ be ＋ not ＋其他 He is not a worker. 他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be ＋主语＋其他 —Are you a student？ —Yes, I am./No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词＋一般疑问句 Where is my bike？ 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 行为动词的变化(当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为do) 肯定句：主语＋动词原形 (＋其他) We often play basketball after school. 否定句：主语＋ don't＋动词原形(＋其他) We don't play basketball after school. 一般疑问句：Do ＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？ Do you often play basketball after school? Yes, we do./No, we don't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词＋以do开头的一般疑问句？ What do you often do after school？ 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 当主语为第三人称单数时 ，助动词为does 肯定句：主语＋动词三单式 (＋其他) He swims well. 否定句：主语＋ doesn't＋动词原形(＋其他) He doesn't swim well. 一般疑问句：Does ＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？ Does he swim well？ Yes, he does./No, he doesn't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词＋以does开头的一般疑问句？ How does your father go to work？ 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (3)用法 a)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语：every…， sometimes，often，always，usually, twice a week, at…， on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. He watches TV once a week. b)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. The light travels faster than the sound. 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 c)表示格言或警句中。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 Pride goes before a fall. Columbus proved that the earth is round… d)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 e)表永远性的动作或状态。 He lives in the country. f)在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时 I'll go with you if you are free tomorrow. g)在以here、there开头的句子中常用一般现在时代替现在进行时 Here comes the train. 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 比较：①Now I put the sugar in the cup. ②I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用现在进行时。 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (4)第三人称单数变化形式 a)一般情况动词在词尾加-s come—comes speak—speaks work—works live—lives b)以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词在词后加-es do—does go—goes finish—finishes brush—brushes fix—fixes pass—passes watch—watches c)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词变y为i加-es Study—studies carry－carries cry—cries d)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词直接加-s play—plays stay—stays 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 2．一般过去时 (1)用法 ①在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, yesterday morning, last night (week, month, year…), a moment ago, a week ago, three years ago…， just now, in those days等。 Where did you go just now？ I was a student 6 years ago. I went to Beijing last year. They saw a film last night. 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 ②表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. ③用于虚拟条件句中，表示与现在事实相反的情况 If I were you, I would take a small present. 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (2)句型结构 ①be动词的变化 肯定句：主语＋be(was/were)＋其他 I was at home last night. They were busy yesterday. 否定句：主语＋ be＋not(wasn't/weren't)＋其他 I wasn't at home last night. They weren't busy yesterday. 一般疑问句：Be(Was/Were) ＋主语＋其他？ Was he at home last night？ Were they busy yesterday？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词＋一般疑问句？ Why wasn't he at home last night？ What were they busy with yesterday？ 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 ②行为动词的变化 肯定句：主语＋动词的过去式 I watched a film last Sunday. 否定句：主语＋didn't＋动词原形 I didn't watch a film last Sunday. 一般疑问句：Did＋主语＋动词原形？ Did you watch a film last Sunday？ Yes, I did./No, I didn't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词＋ 以did 开头的一般疑问句？ What did you do last Sunday？ 疑问词当主语时：疑问词＋动词过去式？ Who went home yesterday？ 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (3)动词过去式变化规则 ①一般情况下的词加-ed work—worked call—called laugh—laughed explain—explained finish—finished knock—knocked ②以不发音的字母e结尾的单词直接加-d live—lived change—changed smoke—smoked die—died graduate—graduated 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 ③以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词，变y为i加-ed study—studied carry—carried cry—cried try—tried marry—married ④以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词直接加-ed play—played stay—stayed ⑤以“一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母”结尾的单词应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ed stop—stopped plan—planned pat—patted 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (4)不规则动词的变化 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 sweep swept teach taught have had go went keep kept think thought do did find found sleep slept buy bought eat ate say said feel felt drink drank is/am was take took read read give gave are were mean meant put put sing sang drive drove meet met 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 cut cut begin began speak spoke make made let let ring rang write wrote see saw fly flew run ran ride rode come came draw drew sit sat hear heard tell told grow grew learn learned/ learnt get got know knew 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (5)常用一般过去时的句型 It is time sb.did sth. “时间已迟了”“早该……了” It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb.did sth. 表示“宁愿某人做某事” I'd rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。 wish、wonder、think、hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等 I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。 Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义：她已不在人间) Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义：她现在还活着) Mrs Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州) Mrs Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去) 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (6)用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气 ①动词want、hope、wonder、think、intend 等 Did you want anything else？ I wondered if you could help me. ②情态动词 could、would Could you lend me your bike？ ③used to used to ＋ do：“过去常常”，表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。 Mother used not to be so forgetful. Scarf used to take a walk.(过去常常散步) 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 3．一般将来时 (1)意义 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。 时间标志：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, soon, next Monday, next year, next weekend, this afternoon, this evening, in a few days …… 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (2)句型结构 一般将来时常用的两种结构 be going to＋动词原形：表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。 shall/will＋动词原形：表示将要发生的动作或情况，没有太多的计划性， 还用来表示意愿 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 be going to ＋动词 原形 肯定句：主语＋be(am /is/ are) going to ＋动词原形＋其他成分 My sister is going to learn English next year.我姐姐准备明年学英语。 否定句：主语＋be(am / is / are)not going to ＋动词原形 ＋其他成分 I am not going to(go to) the cinema tonight.我今天晚上不打算去看电影。 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 be going to ＋动词原形 一般疑问句：Be (am / is / are)＋主语＋going to＋动词原型＋其他成分？ Is your father going to play basketball with you？你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗？No, he isn't.不。 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词(Wh-)＋一般疑问句？ Where are you going to spend Spring Festival？春节你打算在哪过？ 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 注意：be going to 结构后面习惯上不跟 go、come 等表位移的动词，一般用该动词的进行时形式表示。 He's going to New York next week. 下周他要去纽约。 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 will /shall ＋动词原形(在书面语中，主语是第一人称时，常用shall ，在口语中，所有人称都可以用will) 肯定句：主语＋will/shall＋动词原形＋其他成分 I will (shall) write to him next week. 否定句：主语 ＋ will /shall＋ not ＋ 动词原形 ＋其他成分 They won't watch TV this evening. 一般疑问句：will/shall＋主语 ＋动词原形＋其他成分 Will you stay at home with us tomorrow？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句 When will your father be back？ 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 be about to＋动词原形 be about to＋动词原形 (不能和表示将来时的时间状语连用) I am about to leave school. They are about to set out.(　　) They are about to set out soon.( 　) be＋to do be (am/is/are)＋to do We are to discuss the report next Saturday. √ × 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (3)用法 shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替 will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称 Which paragraph shall I read first？ Will you be at home at seven this evening？ be going to do表示将来 a.主语的意图，即将做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow？ b.计划、安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month. c.有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 be ＋to do 按计划或正式安排将发生的事 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. be about to do (注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow、next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用) 意为马上做某事 He is about to leave for Beijing. 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 注意： be going to / will 用于条件句时， be going to表将来， will表意愿 If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 be to和be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。 be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.(客观安排) I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排) Shall I /we …常用来征求对方意见，而问对方是否愿意，或者表示客气的邀请，常用Will you…？他们的回答比较灵活。 Shall we go to the park？ 肯定：Sure, let's go. 否定：No, let's go to the cinema. Will you please come to my birthday party next week？ 肯定Yes, I will. / Sure. 否定 I'm sorry. I'm afraid I can't. 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (4)一般现在时表将来 ①下列动词：come、go、arrive、leave、start、begin、return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. ②倒装句，表示动作正在进行 Here comes the bus. ＝ The bus is coming. There goes the bell. ＝ The bell is ringing. 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 ③在时间或条件句中 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. ④在hope、take care that、make sure that等后 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (5)用现在进行时表示将来 意为：“意图”“打算”“安排”，常用于人。常用词为 come、go、start、arrive、leave、stay等。 I'm leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week? 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 4．过去进行时 (1)意义 表示过去某一时刻或某阶段时间正在进行的动作， 或与过去发生的某事同时发生的动作。 时间标志：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while, at 6：00 yesterday, at this / that time yesterday等。 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (2)基本结构 主语＋be (was/were) ＋doing ＋其他 否定句则在was/were后加一个not，疑问句将was/were提前则可。 【例】肯定句：He was reading a book at 5：00 pm yesterday. 否定句：He was not reading a book at 5：00 yesterday. 一般疑问句：Was he reading a book at 5：00 yesterday？(Yes, he was./ No, he wasn't.) 特殊疑问句：What was he doing at 5：00 yesterday? 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (3)用法 ①过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作 时间状语：(just)then, at this/that time, yesterday afternoon, at nine, last night, (at)this time yesterday 但在不少情况下，没有表示时间的状语，这时需要通过上下文来表示。 ①What were you doing at nine last night? 昨晚九点的时候，你在做什么？ ②I was watching TV at home yesterday afternoon.我昨天下午正在家里看电视。 ③They were playing football at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他们在踢足球。 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 ②过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作 常与those days、the whole morning、from 8：00 to 12：00 last night等时间状语连用。 ①From 1983 to 1998, he was teaching at Yale.从1983到1998年，他正在耶鲁大学教书。 ②They were building a bridge last winter.去年冬天他们正在造一座桥。 ③He was writing a book those days.那几天他正在写一本书。 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 ③过去进行时与频度副词always、forever、continually、constantly等连用时表示过去经常反复的动作，常常带有埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱等情绪 ①My sister was always forgetting things.(表示埋怨) ②He was always helping others.(表示赞扬) 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 ④过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作 现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作，常用在间接引语中 ①Lucy arrived in Beijing last Friday.But she was leaving for Hong Kong the next morning. 上周五Lucy到达北京，但第二天早晨就要动身去香港了。 ②She asked him if he was coming back for lunch. 她问他午饭是否准备回来吃。 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (4)过去进行时和一般过去时的区别 ①过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作。也就是说用一般过去时，只表示有过这件事；用过去进行时，则强调动作的连续性。 I wrote a letter this morning.今天上午我写了一封信。(信写完了) I was writing a letter this morning.今天上午我在写一封信。(信不一定写完) 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 The children watched TV yesterday evening.昨天晚上孩子们看了电视。(强调过去发生了这件事) The children were watching TV yesterday evening.昨晚孩子们都在看电视。(强调昨晚看电视这一动作的持续性) 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 ②表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。 I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 ③一般过去时与always、constantly、forever、continually等连用，表示“过去经常性、习惯性的动作”；而过去进行时与always、constantly、forever、continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情色彩。 He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。 He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 ④有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为 I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。 I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我的建议。 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (5)使用过去进行时应注意的几点 动词hope、want、wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。如： I was wondering whether you could come to join us. 我想你能否过来跟我们一起活动。 I was hoping you could send me home. 我希望你能送我回家。 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (6)下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时 ①表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时 Tom was getting up at six o'clock every day that week. 汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。 ②与always连用表示赞美、厌烦等感情色彩时 John was always coming to school late. 约翰上学总是迟到。 Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people. 雷锋总是为人民做好事。 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 ③用来描写故事发生的情景时 It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross the river.那是一个漆黑的夜晚，风刮得很厉害，雨下得很大，一个解放军战士突然出现在河岸上，他想过河去。 ④when作并列连词，表示“(这时)突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。 I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。 We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 ⑤go、come、leave、start、arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义 I was leaving for Wuhan that day. 那天我正要去武汉。 She was coming later. 她随后就来。 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (7)when、while 的用法 when和while与过去进行时有着密切的关系，他们作从属连词时都有“当……的时候”之意，用法稍有不同： ①when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是短暂性动词或延续性动词，而while引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词只能是延续性动词。 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 ②when引导的从句谓语动词如果是短暂性动词则用一般过去时，主句是延续性动词则用过去进行时，从句动作发生在主句动作的时间段之内(长动作用过去进行时，短动作用一般过去时)；如果主句和从句两个谓语动词都是延续性动词则全部用过去进行时，这时when和while都可以用。 ③when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 ④when和while两个词还可以用作并列连词，但意思不同，when相当于“在那时”，等于at that time或just then；而while则相当于“而；却；但是”；相当于but，表示对比关系。(这一点暂时可以不掌握) 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 【例】I was playing computer games when my father got home. ＝When my father got home, I was playing computer games. Mother was cooking when/while I was doing my homework. ＝ When/While I was doing my homework, mother was cooking ． 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 5．现在完成时 (1)意义 表示说话之前已完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在的情况仍有影响 标志词：already, yet, just, ever, never, before, in the past, recently ①I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作业了。(过去某时开始做，到现在已完成) ②He has already come. 他已经来了。(过去某时开始离开某地到这来，现在已在这) 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just 时，在转换成否定句时，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet。 ①I have already seen the film. I haven't seen the film yet. ②He has just come. He hasn't come yet. 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态 标志词：for, since, since…ago, up to now, by…，so far ①I have studied English for six years. 我已经学了六年英语了。 (六年前开始学英语，一直学到现在， 也可能继续学也可能就此不学了。) ②I have lived in Shenyang since 1990. 我从1990年就在沈阳住。 (从1990年开始住在沈阳一直住到现在，也可能继续住也可能就此为止。) 【注意】当表示一段时间，现在完成时可以用for 或since引导的状语。 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (2)基本结构 助动词have/has ＋ done (当主语是第三人称单数时用has，其余人称用have) 1)肯定式：主语 ＋ have / has ＋ 过去分词 2)否定式：主语 ＋ have / has ＋ not ＋ 过去分词 3)一般疑问句： Have / Has ＋ 主语 ＋ 过去分词 Yes, 主语 ＋ have/has.(肯定)/No, 主语 ＋ haven't/hasn't.(否定) 4)特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋过去分词 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (3)过去分词的构成 ①规则变化同过去式的构成 ②不规则变化如下 do－did－done 　 go－went－gone 　 eat－ate－eaten 　 come－came－come have－had－had write－wrote－written be－was/were－been see－saw－seen hear－heard－heard swim－swam－swum 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 drink－drank－drunk give－gave－given forget－forgot－forgotten take－took－taken keep－kept－kept sleep－slept－slept teach－taught－taught buy－bought－bought tell－told－told make－made－made cut－cut－cut hurt－hurt－hurt read－read－read let－let－let 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (4)注意 ①“have/has got ” 形式上是一种完成时，但和have/ has 为同一意思“有”。 Have you got pen-friends? Yes, I have.你有笔友吗？是的，我有。 Has he got a lot of work to do? No, he hasn't.他有许多工作要做吗？不，他没有。 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 ②have/has gone to、have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别 have/has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人还未回来 have/has been to 曾经去过，人已经回来了 have/has been in 已经在，常与一段时间连用 He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去过沈阳。 He has been in Shenyang for ten years. 他在沈阳10年了。 Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去沈阳了吗？ 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 ③have/has been to常和once、twice、never、ever连用；have/has gone to则不可以 ─Has Tom ever been to Paris? 汤姆去过巴黎吗？ ─Yes, he's been there several times.是的，他去过好几次了。 ─Where have they gone? 他们去哪里了？ ─They've gone to Shenyang. 他们去沈阳了。 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 ④含有终止意义或短暂意义的动词不能与 for、since 引导的一般时间状语连用。这类动词有：come、go、start、leave、die、buy、finish、join、borrow、stop等。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的非延续性动词。 arrive, come→be here buy → have begin, start→be on die → be dead go out → be out join → be in borrow→keep finish/end→be over close →be closed leave, move → be away fall asleep → be asleep 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 ⑤非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 (　　)I have received his letter for a month. (　　)I haven't received his letter for almost a month. ⑥在表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时 in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years；during the last three months; for the last few centuries; through centuries；throughout history 等。 × √ 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (5)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 一般过去时 现在完成时 表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作 现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响 常与具体的时间状语连用 常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语 时间状语： yesterday、last week、…ago、in1980、in October、just now等具体的时间状语 时间状语 for、since、so far、ever、never、just、yet、till / until、up to now、in past years、always等不确定的时间状语 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 一般过去时 现在完成时 共同的时间状语： this morning、tonight，this April、once，before、already、recently，lately 常用的非持续性动词有come、go、leave、start、die、finish、become、get married等 表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live、teach、learn、work、study、know. 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了) I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了) Why did you get up so early？(强调起床的动作已发生过了) She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来的。 He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years ago.( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为) 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (6)用于现在完成时的句型 1)It is the first / second time that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2)This/It is the best (worst, most interesting ) ＋名词 ＋that后面跟现在完成时 This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 02 第二部分 语法专练 Ⅰ.语法单句特训 (　　)1．Father usually ________ his newspaper after dinner. A．read B．reads C．reading D．is reading (　　)2．Look! The boy ________ with his mother in the pool. A．is swimming B．was swimming C．are swimming D．were swimming B A 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (　　)3．If it ________ tomorrow, I will go by car. A．rain B．will rain C．rains D．would rain (　　)4．Jane ________ a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai. A．buys B．is buying C．bought D．will buy C C 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (　　)5．He turned off the light and then ________． A．leaves B．has left C．will leave D．left (　　)6．I believe that those mountains ________ with trees in a few years' time. A．are covered B．will be covered C．are covering D．will cover D B 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (　　)7．The Smiths ________ in China for 8 years. A．has lived B．lived C．have been D．live (　　)8．—Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? —I will. I ________ her several times. A．met B．have met C．had met D．will meet C B 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 (　　)9．Mary ________ a dress when she cut her finger. A．made B．is making C．was making D．makes (　　)10．I ________ my clothes, and the phone rang. A．wash B．washed C．am washing D．was washing C D 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 Ⅱ.语法选择 It was one of the hottest days of the dry season. We had not seen rain 1 almost a month. Every day, my husband tried to get water to the field. 2 we saw some rain soon, we would lose everything. (　　)1．A．in B．about C．for (　　)2．A．If B．Unless C．Because C B 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 One day, I was making lunch in the kitchen when I saw my 3 son, Billy, walking towards the woods. He was walking with effort and trying to be as still (平稳地) as he could. Minutes later, he was once again walking towards the woods. This activity went for an hour. Finally, I 4 help following him and saw the most amazing sight. (　　)3．A．six years old B．six-years-old C．six-year-old (　　)4．A．mustn't B．can't C．couldn't C C 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 Several larger deer 5 in front of him. Billy walked right up to them. I almost screamed to him to get away. But the deer neither hurt him nor even moved as Billy got down. And then I saw a baby deer that was thirsty 6 on the ground. It lifted its head to lap (舔) up the water in my 7 hands. When the water was gone, Billy ran back to get more. (　　)5．A．has stood B．stand C．stood (　　)6．A．lie B．lying C．to lie (　　)7．A．boy B．boys C．boy's C B C 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 I stood on the edge of the woods, watching the kind boy working 8 hard to save another life. As my tears began to hit the ground, they were suddenly joined by 9 drops. The rain that day saved our farm, just like the actions of one little boy saved 10 dying little deer. (　　)8．A．so B．such C．too (　　)9．A．another B．others C．other (　　)10．A．an B．the C．a A C B 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 Ⅲ. 短文填空 请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。 fall　will　listen　catch　or　also　than　 while　die　let　must　hear Once Effendi had a joke with the Prime Minister (首相). He said the Minister 1．_________ die the next day. The next day, the Minister really 2．_______ off the horse and died. When the king 3．__________ of this, he got angry and sent his men to 4．___________ Effendi at once. would fell heard catch 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 When Effendi came, the king shouted aloud, “Effendi, since you knew when my minister would die, you must 5．_______ know the date of your own death. Say it out, 6．_____ you will die today.” Effendi looked at the king for a 7．___________， he answered, “I'll die two days earlier 8．________ you.” The king was afraid that he would 9．_________ if he killed Effendi. He thought he must keep Effendi alive as long as he could. So he 10．_________ him go. also or while than die let 第 ‹#› 页 Unit 3 　Language in use 返回目录 本节内容到此结束！ logo $$