语法专题 专题14 构词法-【精彩三年】2024年中考英语语法专题配套PPT

语法专题 专题十四 构词法 目录 CONTENTS 在语境中体悟语法 在系统中梳理语法 01 02 03 在自测中提升语法 在语境中体悟语法 01 在语境中体悟语法 阅读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑词语的汉语意思，并试着猜测这些词的构词法。 Recently, many people think it's risky to use credit card numbers online. However, from time to time, we all use passwords and ID numbers on the Internet. We think we are safe, but that may not be true! A new kind of attack is being used by dishonest people to steal IDs and credit card numbers from web surfers. This new kind of attack is called “phishing”． 在语境中体悟语法 Phishing sounds the same as the word “fishing”， and it means that a thief is trying to trick people into giving away valuable information. Like real fishermen, phishers use bait(诱饵) in the form of great online deals or services. For example, phishers might use false e­mails and websites to trick people into revealing(透露) credit card numbers, account usernames, and passwords. They imitate well­known banks, online sellers, and credit card companies. Successful phishers may make as many as 5% of the people believe and give away their personal information. 在语境中体悟语法 It's really a big problem! Actually, tricking 5% of the online population is huge. Now more than 4.6 billion people have access(进入权) to the Internet, and 75% of those Internet users live in the wealthiest countries on Earth. It has been reported that phishers send more than 40 billion false messages each year. Even by tricking only 5% of the people, phishers can make a lot of money. Amy, 18, from California, received an e­mail. A man told Amy that she could get a million dollars in her account as a reward if she sent a thousand dollars to him. Amy did as the man 在语境中体悟语法 said at once. The “thief” used Amy's Social Security number to get credit cards in her name and transferred her money. How can people avoid being cheated online? Above all, they have to learn to recognize the e­mail that has been sent by a phisher. Always be careful with any e­mail with urgent(紧急的) requests for personal information. Phishers typically write upsetting or exciting but false statements in their e­mails so that people will reply right away. Never give away personal information to phishers. And if an offer sounds too good to be true, it is. 在语境中体悟语法 [用法体悟] 1．online汉语意思__________构词法_________ 2．password汉语意思________构词法_____________ 3．dishonest汉语意思______________构词法___________ 4．surfer汉语意思__________构词法__________ 5．valuable汉语意思______________构词法__________ 6．fisherman汉语意思__________构词法__________ 在线上 合成法 密码 合成法 不诚实的 派生法 冲浪者 派生法 有价值的 派生法 渔夫 合成法 在语境中体悟语法 7．service汉语意思________构词法____________ 8．website汉语意思________构词法____________ 9．username汉语意思____________构词法____________ 10．well­known汉语意思__________构词法____________ 11．seller汉语意思________构词法_____________ 12．personal汉语意思__________构词法____________ 13．really汉语意思 ___________ 构词法 ___________ 服务 派生法 网站 合成法 用户名 合成法 著名的 合成法 卖家 派生法 个人的 派生法 真正地 派生法 在语境中体悟语法 14．transfer汉语意思_______构词法___________ 15．upsetting汉语意思______________构词法__________ 转移 派生法 令人不快的 派生法 在系统中梳理语法 02 在系统中梳理语法 一、合成法 由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，如 chop＋stick→chopstick筷子； text＋book→textbook课本； moon＋cake→mooncake月饼； rest＋room→restroom 卫生间等。 在系统中梳理语法 二、派生法—前缀 在一个单词前面加上一个词缀构成新词，词义发生改变。 在系统中梳理语法 三、派生法—后缀 在一个单词后面加上一个词缀构成一个新词，词性发生改变。 在系统中梳理语法 在系统中梳理语法 四、转化法 一个单词由一种词类转换为另一种词类。 1．名词转化为动词，如show n．展览；展示→show v．表演；展出；water n．水→water v．浇水。 2．形容词转化为动词，如slow adj.慢的→slow v．放慢；busy adj. 忙的→busy v．忙着做某事。 3．动词转化为名词，如break v．(使)破，裂；弄坏→break n．休息；look v．看→look n．看，瞧。 在系统中梳理语法 五、缩写和简写(仅做理解的三级语法项目) 在自测中提升语法 03 在自测中提升语法 Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思及词性。 1．production________(　　) 2．improvement_______________(　　) 3．absence__________(　　) 4．freedom_________(　　) 5．preschool___________(　 　) 6．transplant__________(　　) 生产 n. 改进；提高 n. 缺席 n. 自由 n. 幼儿园 n. 移植 v. 在自测中提升语法 7．arrival__________(　　) 8．citizen_______(　　) 9．income________(　　) 10．world­famous______________(　 　) 11．widen_________(　　) 12．backwards_______(　　) 13．terribly______________(　 　) 到达 n. 市民 n. 收入 n. 世界著名的 adj. 加宽 v. 向后 adv. 非常；很 adv. 在自测中提升语法 14．wooden___________(　 　) 15．acceptable_____________(　 　) 16．motherly___________________(　 　) 17．endless______________(　 　) 18．tiring________________(　 　) 木头的 adj. 可接受的 adj. 母亲的；慈母般的 adj. 无止境的 adj. 令人困倦的 adj. 在自测中提升语法 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空。 1．—Will you please help me to carry this box? —With _______________(please). I'm more than happy to do it. 2．Later, tea was brought to some countries in __________(east) Europe. 3．We can see lots of symbols of the 19th _____________(Asia) Games in Hangzhou. 4．The local government is paying more attention to ________________ (environment) protection. pleasure eastern Asian environmental 在自测中提升语法 5．One day, when I came back from school, I found my grandpa was sitting ____________(quiet) in a chair, doing nothing. 6．If you repeat what you are saying ____________(loud), and it isn't helping your deaf friend, try to write it down or use signals instead. 7．He was often seen watching plants ____________(close) and thinking of ways to improve them. 8．Over a hot pot, people can talk about not just food, but ___________ (friend). quietly loudly closely friendship 在自测中提升语法 9．Matt, it's nice of you to lend a helping hand to ______________(home) animals. 10．With the rapid __________________(develop) of technology, smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think. homeless development 在自测中提升语法 Ⅲ.语法填空并猜出画线词的汉语意思。 When she was 14 years old, Remya Jose's life was turned upside down by a family crisis(危机). Remya, who lived in a small village in India, 1._________________(learn) that her mother was ill and her father would have to spend his time caring for her. As a result, she and her twin sister had to do most of the housework—including washing clothes. To make things even more difficult, the Jose family couldn't afford an electric learned/learnt 在自测中提升语法 washing__machine. Instead, the two girls would have to do the washing all by hand in the local river, and then 2._____________(careful) carry everything back to their home—a task that took several hours. Being a good student 3.________________(interest) in engineering,_ Remya wanted to make a washing machine which could be used without electricity. She started studying electric washers to learn how they worked. Remya then designed a machine that used bicycle pedals(踏板) and chain. To find those items, she and her father went to a local carefully interested 在自测中提升语法 auto__shop. Workers there not only gave her the parts, but they helped her make the machine! Here's how the machine works: Remya used a cylinder(圆筒) to hold the clothes and put it in a cube(立方体). Next, she connected the bicycle pedals and the chain to the cylinder. As Remya pushed the pedals with her legs, the cylinder cleaned the clothes just like a regular washing machine. Remya's 4._____________(invent) worked! She had created her own invention 在自测中提升语法 human­powered washing machine—and now a task that used to take several hours took only 30 minutes. Remya's washing machine 5.__________________(choose) from among 25，000 entries as 6._____________(India) best innovation! She was given India's National Award and honored by the nation's former president. The story of this young woman's 7._____________(create) invention spread around the world. “Remya Jose made a 8.______________(different)，” said Jeanine Thomas of The Borden was chosen India's creative difference 在自测中提升语法 Project. “Her invention saves time and money for the world's poor. Her story shows that with creativity,__one individual can improve the lives of many.” 9．washing machine _____________ 10．engineering ___________________ 11．electricity ______ 12．auto shop _____________ 13．human­powered _____________ 洗衣机 工程；工程学 电 汽车商店 人力的 在自测中提升语法 14．former _________________ 15．creativity _____________ 昔日的，前…… 创造力 感谢聆听，再见！ $$