语法专题 专题06 介词-【精彩三年】2024年中考英语语法专题配套PPT

语法专题 专题六 介词 目录 CONTENTS 在语境中体悟语法 在系统中梳理语法 01 02 03 在自测中提升语法 在语境中体悟语法 01 在语境中体悟语法 阅读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑介词的用法 [2023·嘉兴中考改编]On the fifth day of our Italian journey, we arrived at our hotel earlier than usual. Dad offered to take us to the ancient city of Pompeii. I didn't really want to go because I had no interest in old cities. We traveled there by train.On the way，Dad told us something about the history.Many years ago，Pompeii was a large city near a volcano(火山). The volcano broke out and completely covered the city in ash(灰). About twenty thousand people were killed. But the buildings remained there. 在语境中体悟语法 And now，2，000 years later，people around the world come here to see how people lived all those years ago. [用法体悟] 短文中主要出现了________ 介词(如______)和________ 介词(如______)。(提示：常见的介词类型有方位介词、时间介词、方式介词等) 时间 on 方式 by 在系统中梳理语法 02 在系统中梳理语法 在系统中梳理语法 时间介词 时间介词 示例 表示“在……之时” in表示某年、某季节、某月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚 in summer, in January, in 2022, in the morning on表示具体的某一天及某一天的早、中、晚 on August 8th, on__Monday, on New Year's Day, on a cold morning, on Saturday afternoon at表示某一时刻或比较短暂的时间 at 5：10, at night, at this time, at the end of．.. 注意：在this, that, last, next, every等词之前不能加介词，如I went to Hangzhou last Sunday. 在系统中梳理语法 表示“在……之后” after接时间段，只能用于一般过去时；after接时间点，可以用于一般将来时 ①He came back after three days. ②He will arrive after four o'clock. in接时间段，用于一般将来时 He will come back in a week. 表示 “在……之前” before接点时间或具有点时间意义的名词 He will come back before the class. for表示一段时间。可以指过去、现在或将来， 着重说明“多久(how long)” My uncle has lived in Washington for more than two years. since意为“自……以来”。多与完成时连用， 其后跟时间点 Paul has worked in the capital since he was eighteen. 在系统中梳理语法 by意为“到……为止”。表示时间上的界限， 常与完成时和将来时连用 ① We had learnt 2，000 words by the end of last term. ②It is said that there will be about nine billion people in the world by the year 2050. from．..to．..表示从某一时间点到另一时间点的一段时间 My brother worked in this factory from 2004 to 2009. until/till表示某动作或状态延续到某一时间。 not．..until意为“直到……才” ① My brother came to this factory in 2004 and worked there until 2009. ②The bus didn't stop until the light turned red. during意为“在……期间”， 后接时间段 The baby always wakes up during the midnight. 在系统中梳理语法 [自测]填入合适的时间介词。 1．______ nine o'clock 2．______ Monday 3．______ Friday morning 4．______ the afternoon of this Tuesday 5．______ 1990 6．______ night at on on on in at 在系统中梳理语法 7．______ the evening 8．______ March 1st 9．______ this time 10．__________ last Monday in on at since 在系统中梳理语法 方位介词 1．图解方位介词 在系统中梳理语法 2.易混淆的介词 方位介词 方位介词 例句  表示“在……” in 表示在某地区范围内，接大地点 He arrived in Wenzhou yesterday. at 表示在某地区范围内，接小地点 He arrived at school at eight o'clock. on 表示接壤 Russia is on the north of China. to 表示在……范围之外，不接壤 The village lies about ten kilometers to the east of the city. 图示：   在系统中梳理语法 表示“在……前” in front of表示在某人或某物前面(范围之外) The blackboard is in__front__of__ the teacher's desk. in the front of表示某一物体或空间的前部(范围之内) I was sitting in__the__front__of the cinema but then someone sat in__front__of me. 表示“越过” across表示从表面穿过 We should be careful when we go across the street. through表示从内部穿过 It's dangerous to go through the forest in the dark. over表示从上方越过 We both jumped over the river. past表示从某物旁边经过 We walked past the hospital. 在系统中梳理语法 表示“在……之间” between表示在两者之间 Our school is between the hospital and the bookstore. among表示在三者及三者以上之间 Mike is sitting among the students, so it's not easy to find him. 表示“在……对面” across from/opposite ① The man sitting opposite us looked very familiar. ②The hospital is across__from the bank. 在系统中梳理语法 方式介词 方式介词 例句 by表示以……方式、手段或泛指使用某种交通工具 ①Why don't we go there by bus? ②You can learn English well by using it every day. with表示借助于具体的手段或工具 He wrote the letter with a pen. in表示以……方式；用……语言(语调、笔墨、颜色) Say it in English. through表示通过某种方式 He won what he wanted through hard work. 注意：in/on＋修饰语(冠词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等)＋表示交通工具的单数名词。on多用于开放性或半封闭式的交通工具前，而in多用于封闭式的交通工具前。例如：on my bike骑(我的)自行车；in the car开汽车。 在系统中梳理语法 其他常见介词 其他常见介词 例句 except意为“除……外”，指不包括后面所提到的人或物在内 Everyone is very excited except him. besides意为“包括”， 指“除了……外还有……” Besides reading, I also like watching movies. including意为“包括，包含”，指所提到的人或物是整体中的一部分 Three people were killed in the traffic accident, including a baby. as意为“作为……” Let me speak to you as a mother. like意为“像……一样” Let me speak to you like a mother. beyond意为“超出” The worker's deed was beyond his duty. without意为“没有” He can't achieve his dream without his teachers' help. towards意为“朝，向” The dog ran towards her owner happily. 在系统中梳理语法 其他常见介词 例句 against意为“反对；靠着” ① The Monkey King keeps fighting against the bad. ② Don't stand against the windows. It's dangerous. for意为“为了；给，对” I bought this jacket for my father. of表示所属关系 Tina regards Sam as the best friend of hers. instead of意为“代替；而不是” My bike was broken, so I rode hers instead__of mine. 在系统中梳理语法 介词与其他词类的搭配 介词和动词、形容词、名词等常常构成固定搭配，也就是说，在某些动词、形容词、名词的后面，常常要用固定的介词。 在系统中梳理语法 在自测中提升语法 03 在自测中提升语法 Ⅰ.根据句意及所给汉语提示填空。 1．We went for a walk _____________(除……之外) my sister because she'd like to watch TV at home. 2．The height of Qomolangma is 8，848.86 meters ___________(在……以上) sea level. 3．Would you please pass me the sugar ____________(代替) of salt? 4．You need to pay $450 a month, _____________(包括) electricity. 5．She spoke _____________(反对) the decision to close the college. except above instead including against 在自测中提升语法 6．I sit ___________(在……旁边) Jim in my classroom. 7．I think I should be allowed to make decisions ________(为了) myself. 8．The local community center is open ___________(从……开始) Mondays to Saturdays. 9．Could you please give me a hand? I can't complete the task on time _____________(没有) your help. 10．The small river that runs _____________(穿过) our village brought me lots of pleasure in my childhood. beside for from without through 在自测中提升语法 Ⅱ.根据句意，用适当的介词完成句子。 1．Some of the medicines we have today come ___________ traditional Chinese medicine. 2．This is because in Chinese culture, long noodles are a symbol ______ long life. 3．As well as this, we have a doctor of our own to ask ____________ any medical problems we have! 4．The fridge stays cool, thanks ______ air from under the ground. from of about to 在自测中提升语法 5．Later, the Greeks were well­known for their literature(文学) and science, but their “books” looked very different ________ the books of today. 6．My boss had been in the same class ______ me at school! 7．They can work, shop or play games ______ any time and any place. 8．As the market opens up, I think people are going to be able to spend more money ______ consumer goods. 9．The pay phone is__________ from the library. from as at on across 在自测中提升语法 10．After sharing the retouched photos on moments, you get lots of likes. Is that great? Maybe not. It's almost __________ a competition. 11．The little girl was sitting ______ her father's shoulders. 12．Sure, TV can sometimes be fun, especially when you're tired ______ the end of the day. 13．He had no raincoat to protect himself __________ the rain. 14．Children share the house _________ their parents, so they must share the jobs around the house, too. like on at from with 在自测中提升语法 15．Like Ned Ludd, they dislike the changes that are brought _________ technology. by 在自测中提升语法 Ⅲ.用正确的介词完成下面的短文。 It was the summer holiday and our family rented an apartment 1._______ a week near the beach. We all went to the beach 2.______the first day and it was fantastic! I did lots of surfing. The sea was really warm! While Mom and Dad were reading their books, my brother Paul was building a big sandcastle (沙堡).He was happy for hours! On the evening we arrived, my parents were cooking supper when suddenly the computer stopped working. There was no electricity for on 在自测中提升语法 3.______ the apartment! We had to eat our supper in the dark! The electricity didn't come on again 4.____________ late at night. The next day, we went to the market. We were shopping when suddenly dark clouds came 5._________ and it started to rain hard. Dad drove us back to the apartment. When we got back, the rain was coming 6.________ Paul's bedroom and his bed was very wet. So 7.________ the rest of the holiday he had to share my bedroom. 8．______ the end of the holiday, Mom and Dad were cleaning the in until/till over into for At 在自测中提升语法 apartment when suddenly Dad shouted, “Oh, no！” Paul and I ran 9.________ the kitchen. How strange it was! Paul's milk was drunk and my apples were eaten 10._______ a family of mice! We packed up our things and left the apartment very quickly! We were all really glad to get home. into by 感谢聆听，再见！ $$