Unit 4 课时 3 语法-【宝典训练】2023-2024学年九年级上册英语高效课堂课件(沪教牛津版)

Unit 4　Problems and advice logo 课时 3 语法 目 录 01 课时精讲 02 课时过关 01 课时精讲 单元语法讲解：句子结构 句子成分(Sentence Elements)是指句子的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。英语中一般包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、表语七种。 主语(Subjects)：一个句子中所要表达，描述的人或物，是句子叙述的主体。可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来充当。例如： 返回目录 第 ‹#› 页 课时 3 语法 1.English is an important language in the world.(名词作主语) 英语是世界上一门重要的语言。 2.I don't know that boy.(代词作主语)我不认识那个男生。 3.One and two is three.(数词作主语)一加二等于三。 4.The old need taking good care of.(The＋形容词，表示一类人，充当主语)老年人必须被照顾好。 5.To see is to believe.(不定式作主语)眼见为实。 6.Swimming is great fun.(动名词作主语)游泳很有意思。 7.What you said is exactly right.(从句作主语)你说的话完全正确。 返回目录 第 ‹#› 页 课时 3 语法 谓语(Predicates)：用来说明主语做了什么事或处于什么状态。谓语由动词来担任，一般放在主语的后面。例如： 1.I am very glad to see you here.(系动词作谓语)我很开心在这里见到你。 2.The boy needs more care.(实义动词作谓语)这个男孩需要更多的关心。 3.I am doing my homework now.(实义动词，be＋v.-ing形式作谓语)我现在做作业。 4.I must learn to look after myself.(情态动词＋实义动词，作谓语)我必须学会照顾自己。 返回目录 第 ‹#› 页 课时 3 语法 5.They have gone to Beijing.(助动词＋过去分词，作谓语)他们已经去了北京。 6.They didn't understand you.(助动词＋实义动词，作谓语)他们不明白你的意思。 7.Tim was punished because of carelessness.(be＋过去分词，作谓语)蒂姆因为粗心而受罚了。 注　　意：助动词必须跟实义动词连用，整个部分作谓语。 返回目录 第 ‹#› 页 课时 3 语法 宾语(Objects)：动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句(宾语从句中的that常省略)等来充当。此外，英语中还包括直接宾语(Direct Objects)和间接宾语(Indirect Objects)。例如： 1.Children need love.(名词作宾语)孩子需要爱。 2.The father didn't find them.(代词作宾语)爸爸没有找到他们。 3.I just mean two.(数词作宾语)我只是说二。 返回目录 第 ‹#› 页 课时 3 语法 4.All should help the elderly.(The＋形容词，表一类人，作宾语)大家都应该帮助老年人。 5.They want to find the wallet.(不定式作宾语)他们想找到钱包。 6.She enjoys swimming.(动名词作宾语)她喜欢游泳。 7.Nobody knows (that)he is short of money now.(从句作宾语)没人知道他现在缺钱用。 8.The boy showed me the ticket.(me是间接宾语，the ticket为直接宾语)男孩把票给我看了。 9.I agree with you.(代词作介词with的宾语)我同意你。 返回目录 第 ‹#› 页 课时 3 语法 定语(Attributes)：用于描述名词、代词、短语或从句的性质、特征范围等情况的词叫作定语。定语可由名词、形容词、动名词和形容词作用的词、短语充当。如果定语是单个词，定语一般放在被修饰词的前面，称为前置定语。如果是词组，定语放在被修饰词的后面，称为后置定语。例如： 1.These are good apples.这些是好苹果。(形容词作前置定语) 2.School teachers can help you.学校老师会帮你。(名词作前置定语) 3.The drinking water is valuable.饮用水很宝贵。(动名词作前置定语) 4.The man with a blind eye is a thief.那个瞎了一只眼的男子是小偷。(介词短语作后置定语) 5.This is a car that/which is made in China.这是一辆中国制造的小车。(从句作定语) 返回目录 第 ‹#› 页 课时 3 语法 状语(Adverbials)：说明事物发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件或伴随情况、程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可由副词、短语以及从句来充当。例如： 1.I didn't go there.(地点副词)我没有去那。 2.I will visit Beijing tomorrow.(时间副词)明天我要去北京旅游。 3.He made it because of hard work.(表原因的短语)由于勤奋，他成功了。 4.He did that just for you.(表目的的介词短语)他只是为了你才做那事的。 5.Jack goes to school with Rose.(介词短语)杰克和露丝一块上学的。 返回目录 第 ‹#› 页 课时 3 语法 6.The old man is badly ill.(副词)老人家病得很重。 7.Because he is ill , he stays at home.(从句)因为生病，所以他待在家了。 8.They work hard in order to change their life.(短语in order to do sth.)为了改变生活，他们努力工作。 9.They are very happy.(程度副词)他们非常开心。 返回目录 第 ‹#› 页 课时 3 语法 补语(Complements)：补充说明结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分。可回答“怎么样”“几次”“什么地方”“什么时候”“什么结果”等问题。补语通常放在中心语后头。补语多用形容词、数量词、介宾结构来充当。此外，表达各种关系的词组也常作补语。 1.修饰宾语。与宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。例如： I painted the fence green.(形容词作补语；主谓关系：The fence was green.) I found the fashion out of date.(副词短语，相当于形容词；主谓关系：The fashion was out of date.) I found the situation to be terrible.(不定式作补语) I tell him to work harder.(不定式作补语) 返回目录 第 ‹#› 页 课时 3 语法 2.注意区分状语和补语： 修饰动词：He ran fast out of the room.(fast作方式状语) 修饰全句：The shop is open from 10：00 to 21：00.(修饰全句，作状语) 修饰形容词：We are ready to read. (不定式修饰形容词ready，作状语) 表语：用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当。表语常位于系动词be、become、appear、seem、look、sound、feel、get、smell等词之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的，那么这个充当表语的句子就叫作表语从句。例如： 返回目录 第 ‹#› 页 课时 3 语法 1.They felt sad.(形容词作表语)他们感到伤心。 2.He is just a kid.(名词作表语)他只是个孩子。 3.Alan is always the first to arrive.(数词作表语)艾伦总是第一个到。 4.They are away now.(副词作表语，be动词后不跟地点副词)他们现在离开了。 5.Peter is for you.(介词短语作表语)彼得支持你。 6.This afternoon my job is to look after my sister.(不定式作表语)今天下午我的工作是照顾妹妹。 7.His hobby is running.(动名词作表语)他的爱好是跑步。 8.My dream is that I can become a doctor.(从句作表语)我的梦想是能成为医生。 返回目录 第 ‹#› 页 课时 3 语法 注意区分下面两种情况： 1.He is doing his homework.(表时态，作谓语) 2.The fish was cooked well.(表语态，作谓语) 英语简单句子的结构类型有： 1.主语 ＋ 谓语 ( S ＋ V ) She is smiling now.现在她在微笑。 2.主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 宾语( S ＋ V ＋ O ) He broke a piece of glass.他打碎了一块玻璃。 返回目录 第 ‹#› 页 课时 3 语法 3.主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 间接宾语(指人) ＋ 直接宾语(指物) ( S ＋ V ＋ IO ＋ DO ) She showed us many pictures.＝She showed many pictures to us.她给我们很多照片看。 4.主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语( S ＋ V ＋ O ＋ C ) We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.我们应该保持教室干净、整洁。 5.主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 ( S ＋ V ＋ C )　系动词指：be动词、感官系动词、变化系动词 The food tastes good.这食物尝起来很好。 6.There be 句型 There are a lot of apples on the trees.树上有很多苹果。 返回目录 第 ‹#› 页 课时 3 语法 02 课时过关 Ⅰ.选择填空 (　　)1.Our school is not far from my home. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 (　　)2.They pushed the door open. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语补足语 (　　)3.All the students think highly of his teaching. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 返回目录 C C A 第 ‹#› 页 课时 3 语法 (　　)4.It's a great pleasure to talk with you. A．主语 B．谓语 C．定语 (　　)5.Tom felt very happy today. A．主语 B．谓语 C．表语 (　　)6.Mary's father bought her several interesting books last Sunday. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 (　　)7.Please __________ your book here tomorrow morning. A．take B．carry C．bring 返回目录 C C C C 第 ‹#› 页 课时 3 语法 (　　)8.You __________ well and we are all pleased with your __________. A．behave; behave B．behave; behavior C．behaviour; behave (　　)9.They __________ on May 28; they have __________ for 2 days. A．arrived, come back B．reached; returned C．arrived, been back (　　)10.Thanks __________ the teacher's help, I passed the exam. A．for B．to C．with 返回目录 B C B 第 ‹#› 页 课时 3 语法 Ⅱ.句子填空：根据句意，用所给词的正确形式填空 1.Lucy dances ______ (well) in her class. 2.It's __________ (polite) to fight with others. 3.Most of the students are _________ (satisfy) with their new beautiful school. 4.She was so tired that she fell ________ (sleep)． 5.My sister doesn't like shopping, she would rather _______ (watch) a film. 6.We must try out best to stop ___________ (pollution) the rivers. 返回目录 best impolite satisfied asleep watch polluting 第 ‹#› 页 课时 3 语法 7.It's hard for her to make a ________ (live) in a big city. 8.Please tell me ___________ (care) what happened just now. 9.His small room seemed very _________ (crowd) with so many visitors. 10.More _____________(important), the little child can make sentences with these words quickly. 返回目录 living carefully crowded importantly 第 ‹#› 页 课时 3 语法 Ⅲ.语法填空 Kevin had a Geography lesson last week, and he learnt that if all the ice on the earth melted, sea level around the world would rise, and many cities would 1.______________ (flood) and disappear.After class, he worried so much 2.____________ he dreamt about a great flood happening in his city that night. 3.__________ (luck), it was just a dream. Actually, 4.___________ (nature) disasters happen from time to time.For example, the people of Canada will never forget the terrible ice storm that happened in Montreal, Canada in 1998. 返回目录 be flooded that Luckily natural 第 ‹#› 页 课时 3 语法 It was a dark day when rain began to fall.However, it was not ordinary rain—it turned to ice as it 5.________ (fall) through the cold air.When people woke 6.______ the morning of 5th January, they found they had no electricity in their homes.The roads were covered in ice.Families had to stay inside and burn wood to keep warm.On the second day, the ice kept 7.___________ (fall)．Branches and whole trees, even more power lines fell down and the roads became even more dangerous to walk or drive on.By 8._______ third day, many families had no food to eat. 返回目录 fell on falling the 第 ‹#› 页 课时 3 语法 It rained for six days.Finally, the ice storm stopped.However, the trouble didn't end.The 9.___________ (melt) ice fell from the roofs of buildings and trees like knives. Most of the power lines were so 10._________ (bad) damaged that they could not be repaired. In addition, many homes were damaged and many people especially the farmers lost their businesses. 返回目录 melting badly 第 ‹#› 页 课时 3 语法 本节内容到此结束！ logo $$