专题03 阅读理解之应用文-【好题汇编】5年（2020-2024）中考1年模拟英语真题分类汇编（河南专用）

专题03 阅读理解之应用文 考点 五年考情（2020-2024） 语篇特点 体裁上，以广告信息类为主，主要包括启事类应用文、新闻类应用文和识记类应用文。 题材上，主题围绕“人与自我、人与社会、人与自然”三大主题语境。常见的话题以介绍乘车信息、景点指南、赛事须知、设施功能、社会热点、工作项目、演出介绍等为主，这些材料都与日常生活密切相关。 选材上，几乎都出自英美报刊及主流网站，内容贴近生活。 形式上，文章有标题、小标题、粗体、斜体，偶尔也有插图、表格或独立的图片。另外，标题、小标题及重要信息一般会加粗。 语言上，言简意赅，字数少而信息量大。里面有大量的地道表达，使用很多人名、地名和专有名词，缩写词也比较多。 命题特点 命题形式，主要以细节理解题为主。有的可以直接从原文中找到答案，有的是原文的同义替换。考查的都是在真实情境中解决问题的能力。 命题分布，一般设题数量和片段数量基本相当，考点分布比较均匀。在比较长的段落中有时会设置两个题；考点还可能出现在特殊的地方；或文章主体段落以外的地方。 提问形式，题干中多出现what，which，when，where，who，how long，how much等疑问词。 设题特点，段首段尾处常考；表格出现处常考；时间数字处常考。 解题策略 第一步，题目中，确定定位词语。人名、地名、专有名词、时间、数字等容易辨别与扫读出的信息优先划出。独特的名词优先于独特的动词，而独特的动词优先于独特的形容词、副词。一般确定2-4个定位词。 第二步，文章中，选定目标句子。根据定位词找回原文，先读当句，再读下句，最后读上句，实在找不到，再到其它地方寻找。 第三步，对比选项中，锁定最佳选项。找出原文重现或与原文同义转换的选项，简称“一一对应”。 2024年 An old saying used for forecasting (预测) the weather says, “Red sky at night, sailors’ delight. Red sky in the morning, sailors (水手) take warning.” Is the saying true? It turns out that it is. A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming. Forecasting the weather has been practiced for thousands of years. In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. They used signs in nature to forecast the weather. But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance (提前). They use scientific instruments to study weather conditions around the world and make forecasts. Pilots, farmers and many other people depend on these forecasts. Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming. If you are looking for some signs of the weather, pay attention to nature. There are two basic rules used in weather forecasting: Weather generally moves from west to east, and low air pressure (压力) usually means rain or snow. So pay attention to the signs. If rainbows form in the west at sunrise, the sun is on the way. Smell the flowers—their smells are stronger in wet air. What are the ants doing? Are they moving to higher ground? This could mean a drop in air pressure. Are the birds flying low or high? Falling air pressure may influence birds’ ears, so they fly low. And if the sky is red at sunset, you might plan a picnic for the next day! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 11. What is the old saying about? A. The beauty of sunrise. B. The night sky. C. The signs of the weather. D. The sailors’ work. 12. What does the underlined word “meteorologists” mean? A. The persons who give daily weather reports on TV. B. The persons who carry out research on natural history. C. The persons who take an interest in plants and animals. D. The persons who do scientific studies of weather conditions. 13. How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2? A. By listing the reasons for terrible weather. B. By telling a true story about weather forecasting. C. By introducing different ways of forecasting the weather. D. By mentioning the difficulties in forecasting the weather. 14. What do we know from the last paragraph? A. It’ll be sunny if ants move to higher places. B. The smells of flowers are stronger in wet air. C. Birds fly higher because of the low air pressure. D It’ll rain if rainbows form in the west at sunrise. 15. What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A. To encourage people to get close to nature. B. To express the need for weather forecasting. C. To explain nature can tell us about the weather. D. To discuss how important weather forecasting is. 2023年 Energy is the ability to do work. Solar energy comes from the Sun. There is also energy that comes from wind and water. But do you know that energy can come from people, too? When you pedal a bike, you produce energy. You use your legs to push the pedals. Your energy is transferred (转移) to the bike. That makes the bike move. Now imagine riding your bike to create enough power to run a computer. Some students at one school did just that! They jumped on bikes connected to generators (发电机) and pedaled in place. Soon they were producing electricity. This energy is needed to run their computers. Here is how bicycle-powered energy works. When a student pedals the bike, the back wheel spins. The wheel spins the generator. The generator produces electricity. As long as a student pedals the bicycle, electricity moves through the generator. The electricity can be used right away. This energy can also be stored and used later. People use bicycle-powered energy to run small devices (设备) such as small televisions and fans. They often use less than 100 watts per hour. However, it would be a mistake to use pedal power to run a fridge. This large machine often uses more than 700 watts per hour. The electricity for these machines comes from power lines overhead or underground. Pedal power can be seen in schools, gyms, and homes. What a fun way to provide electricity! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 31. How does the writer lead into the topic “bicycle-powered energy” in Paragraph 2? A. By asking a question.  B. By telling a joke. C. By using an old saying.  D. By making a survey. 32. What does the underlined word “spins” mean in the text? A. Falls down suddenly.  B. Breaks up completely. C. Moves up and down slowly.  D. Turns round and round quickly. 33. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A. The future of new energy.  B. The forms of world’s energy. C. Using bicycle-powered energy.  D. Producing bicycle-powered energy. 34. What do we know about bicycle-powered energy? A. It can’t be seen in schools.  B. It comes from wind and water. C. It can be stored and used later.  D. It’s from power lines overhead. 35. In which unit of a textbook can the text be found? A. Unit 1 Friends Forever  B. Unit 2 Dream of the Stars C. Unit 3 The Value of Money  D. Unit 4 The World of Science 2022年 There’s nothing quite like falling sound asleep after a full day of work. Like people, animals need to rest after working hard. Some animals sleep in water. Others dig hoes under the ground. Some even sleep high in trees or under leaves. But they all find a way to rest. Some animals in the sea sleep in strange ways. Fish sleep with their eyes open. They seem to look ahead far into the sea while they rest. Sea otters sometimes sleep in beds of the plants that grow in the sea. This keeps them from moving away. Parrot fish blow something from their mouths when they are ready to sleep. Then a bubble (气泡) will be formed around them. The bubble protects them from harm while they sleep. Some animals sleep under the ground. Chipmunks (花栗鼠) sleep curled up (蜷缩) in a ball. Their beds are made of leaves and grass. In winter, they sleep for two weeks and wake up to eat the stored food. Then they go back to sleep for another two weeks before waking up again. Some desert frogs dig underground holes during the hot, dry season. A frog may stay in its hole for months. High above the ground, monkeys find leafy places in trees each evening before they sleep. The tall trees help to keep monkeys safe during the night. Some insects even sleep under the leaf that will be their next meal. A bee may climb down into a flower to rest. When it climbs out the next morning, it is rested and ready for work. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 11. What animals blow bubbles when they sleep? A. Sea otters.       B. Monkeys.       C. Desert frogs.       D. Parrot fish. 12. What do we know about chipmunks according to the text? A. They rest with their eyes open. B. They never sleep curled up in a ball. C. They wake up now and then in winter. D. They don’t eat any food during the winter. 13 What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. The forest where monkeys sleep safely. B. The animals that sleep above the ground. C. The reason why bees climb down into flowers. D. The ways that keep animals away from danger. 14. What is the structure of the passage? (P-Paragraph) A.        B.        C.        D.  15. What’s the best title for the text? A. Where animals live?       B. Why animals move? C. How animals sleep?       D. What animals feed on? 2021年 Every living thing needs to reproduce. Reproducing means creating more members of your group. In order for plants to reproduce, they have to spread their seeds (种子) to other areas. Plants have developed all kinds of ways to do this. The simplest way is gravity. Many seeds are inside of fruit. When a piece of fruit gets too heavy, it falls from a tree to the ground. Sometimes animals will pick up the fruit and drop it in another area. That helps move the seed even farther away. Apples spread this way. Other plants use wind to spread their seeds. Dandelions are a good example of this. Dandelion seeds are so light that when wind blows, it carries dandelion seeds to new places. Maple (枫树) seeds also use wind. Their seeds are connected with long, thin leaves that look like wings. When the seed falls from the tree, its “wings” help it fly farther from the tree. Some animals help plants spread their seeds. The animals eat the seeds. While the seed is in the animal’s body, it stays whole. When the seed leaves the animal, it’s in a new place. Ants also help spread seeds. Some seeds have a special smell that attracts ants. The ants bring the seeds back to their home, which of course is underground. They only eat part of the seed. They leave the rest of the seed underground. After that, the seed can start growing. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 11. What does the word “gravity” mean in the second paragraph？ A. The action that makes animals drop seeds. B. The help that moves seeds even farther away. C. The need that comes from animals and plants. D. The force that causes fruit to fall to the ground. 12. How do maples spread their seeds? A. They use ants.       B. They use wind. C. They use smells.       D. They use animals. 13. What do ants do to help spread seeds? a. They only eat part of the seed. b. They help seeds fall from the tree. c. They carry seeds to the underground home. d. They pick up the fruit and move it far away. e. They leave the rest of the seed underground. A. b, d, e       B. a, b, d       C. a, c, e       D. b, c, d 14. What is the theme (主题 ) of the text? A. Nature.       B. Culture.       C. Education.       D. Technology. 15. What’s the best title for the text? A. How Plants Spread Seeds?       B. Why Animals Pick Up Seeds? C. How Wind Helps Seeds Spread?       D. Why Seeds Have a Special Trip? 2020年 Cait, 11, was trying to fall asleep when her 8-year-old brother, Doug, came into her room. He looked around, but seemed really out of it. Then Doug went back into the hallway and stood there looking straight up at the light. This was really strange. Cait didn’t know what to do. Just then, Cait’s father appeared and explained Doug was sleepwalking. Not all sleep is the same every night. We experience some deep, quiet sleep and some active sleep, which is when dreams happen. You might think sleepwalking would happen during active sleep but a person isn’t physically active during active sleep. It usually happens in the first few hours of sleep in the period called deep sleep. The truth is that not all sleepwalkers walk. Some simply sit up or stand in bed or act like they’re awake when, in fact, they’re asleep! Most, however, do get up and walk around for a few seconds or for as long as half an hour. Sleepwalkers’ eyes are open, but they don’t see the same way they do when they’re awake. They tend to go back to bed on their own and won’t remember it in the morning. You also might have heard that sleepwalkers can get frightened if you wake them up. That’s true, so what do you do if you see someone sleepwalking? You should call for a grown-up who can lead the person back to bed. And once the sleepwalker is tucked back in bed, it’s time for you to get some sleep, too! 11. What does “out of it” most probably mean in Chinese? A. 茫然不觉 B. 心满意足 C. 垂头丧气 D. 悠然自得 12. When does sleepwalking usually happen? A. During active sleep. B. In the first few hours of sleep. C. When dreams begin. D. When we're trying to fall asleep. 13. Which paragraphs tell what sleepwalkers do? A. ①② B. ②③ C. ③④ D. ④⑤ 14. What should we do if we see people sleepwalking? A. Wake them up. B. Walk around with them. C. Do nothing and get your own sleep. D. Ask grown-ups to lead them to bed. 15. Who is the text written for? A. Teachers. B. Doctors. C. Parents. D. Children. 2024年河南省驻马店驿城区中考二模 In recent years, many schools in China have had a high-tech makeover(改革). They have turned from using“old-school"multimedia(多媒体) tools to AI and big data to add value to student learning and life on campus(校园). At the Tianjin Eco-City School Affiliated 成忠Normal University, the Chinese tech company iFlytek's smart campus system(系统) makes learning a fun experience. In the aerospace(航天) classes, students use VR glasses to learn about what's inside a rocket and how it is launched(发射) in a computer game. Also, in swimming classes,“by wearing smart earphones,children can get real-time instructions(指令) from the coach under the water. This makes training safer,"Li Rui, the school's vice-principal, told CCTV. For P. E. classes, Yuwen School in Wuhu, Anhui, has used self-testing tools with AI visual analysis(视觉分析)technology for activities such as standing long jump, sit-ups and shot put(推铅球). With facial recognition technology, students can get voice reports and results on how they did right after each exercise. “Before, when I threw the shot put, the teacher had to use a ruler to measure how far it went.Now, the results just show up on their own. You can also see which parts of your exercise need improvement,"Wu Shengguo from the school told Dajiang Evening News. Apart from learning, students can also enjoy meals made by smart canteens(食堂).In June,Yingkou No.1 Middle School in Liaoning introduced a smart canteen with an “ online meal selection_and facial recognition meal pickup system. To meet the different needs of students, the canteen offers over.400 dishes, with six to seven choices for each meal. Parents and students can choose meals in advance(提前) from the online platform(平台). And they use facial recognition technology to pick up their meal. It helps the school plan and prepare meals, cutting down on food and kitchen waste.根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 31. Which of these are used in the aerospace classes? A. A model rocket. B.VR glasses. C.Smartphones. D. Earphones. 32. How do students feel about the swimming classes? A. It's like studying in the classroom in real. time. B. They can't hear the instructions clearly. C. The training process is much safer. D.They find it hard to stay underwater for long. 33. How can facial recognition technology help students with their P.E. classes? A. Students can learn how to improve their exercise from it. B. It can check whether the student is using a self-testing tool. C. It provides more information for better health choices. D. It's used to measure the balls' weight. 34. What does the underlined word“selection"in Paragraph 5 mean in Chinese? A.发现 B.购买 C.选择 D.付账 35.What is the passage mainly about? A. The birth of global village. B. The improvement of technology in China. C. New technology used in schools. D. Student comfort in everyday school life. 2024年河南省十二县一区中考二模 Have you ever been in a bad situation? How would you feel in this situation? In fact, every- one has to go through sadness. If someone around is listening to you and comforting you, I believe you will feel much better. Now,imagine that a robot comes to you and pats(轻拍)you on the shoulder with its hand when you feel sad. What do you think about it? Scientists recently did research on robot touch. They found that just like human touch, a touch from a robot can also help people feel better. The hands of robots are soft, and they do not give people the metallic mechanical(金属机械)feeling. So when comfort is needed, perhaps robots will be a good choice. The study asked 48 students to talk with a robot. The robot gave them advice on what courses to choose in school. At the end of the chat, the robot would either pat a student's hand three times or simply move its hand toward students in the other group. Interestingly, while most students smiled or even laughed at this movement at first, none of them pulled away.Compared with the control group, the students who were patted felt happier. They also showed more inter- est in the courses suggested by the robot. This research shows that the touch of the robot can really help humans,especially those who live alone. These people need someone who can accompany(陪伴)them or talk to them. Be- sides, it will be good for their mental(精神)and physical health. So the technology will be helpful. It can persuade(说服)human beings to make some decisions. For example, they can persuade patients to do more exercise. The finding will help scientists to develop better robots in the future. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 31. Why does the writer begin the text by asking questions? A. To explain a fact. B. To express agreement. C. To give opinions. D. To catch readers' interest. 32. According to Paragraph 2，why can the touch of a robot make people feel better? A. Because people like robots. B. Because robots never feel tired. C. Because the hands of robots are made soft. D. Because robots can give people the metallic mechanical feeling. 33. According to Paragraph 3,what didn't the robot do? A. It talked with students. B. It gave students advice. C. It patted students' hands.D. It smiled or laughed at students. 34. Who is the touch of the robot especially helpful to? A. an outgoing boy who has lots of friends B. an old man who lives alone C. a young girl who is always happy D. a woman who likes to help others 35. What's the main idea of the text? A. Robots will take the place of humans. B. Robots can make us feel better by touching. C. Robots can do something bad for people. D. Robots are cleverer than humans. 2024年河南省安阳一模 Once you begin to eat potato chips, you may keep eating until the bag is empty. Have you ever experienced this? Why can't you stop eating these salty chips? Scientists said it is because of a kind of neuron(神经元). Scientists at the Beth Israel Medical Center in Boston have found that some neurons can make us want to eat salt. The neurons take note of whether our bodies need sodium (钠), a main part of salt. Then, they send signals (信 号)to our brain to encourage us to eat more salt. How do these neurons work? Scientists did tests on mice. They found that when mice need sodium, their body gives off a kind of hormone(荷尔蒙). It then makes these neurons become active. More research showed that adding salt to meals makes people enjoy their food more. This may cause people to continue eating even if they are full. Scientists from Deakin University in Australia asked healthy people to eat the same food for lunch for four weeks. The amount of salt in the food was changed each week. At the same time, the scientists recorded how much these people ate. They also asked the people how they felt about the meals; for example, if they felt happy or were still hungry after eating. The results showed that salt made people eat 11 percent more food. When eating low-salt meals, they had better control over how much they ate. “But when we add salt to that food, all of a sudden those controls are gone,” a researcher said. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 27. How does the writer lead into the topic in Paragraph 1? A. By telling a joke. B. By doing a survey. C. By making a study. D. By giving an example. 28. Why may we find it hard to stop eating potato chips? A. Because potato chips don't have much sodium. B. Because some neurons send signals for salty foods. C. Because potato chips send hungry signals to our brain. D.Because people's brains will be more active with more salt. 29.What did the scientists from Deakin University find? A. Mice also need salt. B.More salt makes people eat more. C.Not all people like salty food. D. People are not happy when they eat less. 30. What advice might the writer give? 31. A People should eat more chips. B. Salt can make food more delicious. C. Low-salt meals can help us stay healthy. D.More salt should be taken in to stay healthy. 31. In which part of newspaper can the text be found? A. Star Stories B.School Time C.Language Learning D.Science World 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解之应用文 考点 五年考情（2020-2024） 语篇特点 体裁上，以广告信息类为主，主要包括启事类应用文、新闻类应用文和识记类应用文。 题材上，主题围绕“人与自我、人与社会、人与自然”三大主题语境。常见的话题以介绍乘车信息、景点指南、赛事须知、设施功能、社会热点、工作项目、演出介绍等为主，这些材料都与日常生活密切相关。 选材上，几乎都出自英美报刊及主流网站，内容贴近生活。 形式上，文章有标题、小标题、粗体、斜体，偶尔也有插图、表格或独立的图片。另外，标题、小标题及重要信息一般会加粗。 语言上，言简意赅，字数少而信息量大。里面有大量的地道表达，使用很多人名、地名和专有名词，缩写词也比较多。 命题特点 命题形式，主要以细节理解题为主。有的可以直接从原文中找到答案，有的是原文的同义替换。考查的都是在真实情境中解决问题的能力。 命题分布，一般设题数量和片段数量基本相当，考点分布比较均匀。在比较长的段落中有时会设置两个题；考点还可能出现在特殊的地方；或文章主体段落以外的地方。 提问形式，题干中多出现what，which，when，where，who，how long，how much等疑问词。 设题特点，段首段尾处常考；表格出现处常考；时间数字处常考。 解题策略 第一步，题目中，确定定位词语。人名、地名、专有名词、时间、数字等容易辨别与扫读出的信息优先划出。独特的名词优先于独特的动词，而独特的动词优先于独特的形容词、副词。一般确定2-4个定位词。 第二步，文章中，选定目标句子。根据定位词找回原文，先读当句，再读下句，最后读上句，实在找不到，再到其它地方寻找。 第三步，对比选项中，锁定最佳选项。找出原文重现或与原文同义转换的选项，简称“一一对应”。 2024年 An old saying used for forecasting (预测) the weather says, “Red sky at night, sailors’ delight. Red sky in the morning, sailors (水手) take warning.” Is the saying true? It turns out that it is. A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming. Forecasting the weather has been practiced for thousands of years. In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. They used signs in nature to forecast the weather. But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance (提前). They use scientific instruments to study weather conditions around the world and make forecasts. Pilots, farmers and many other people depend on these forecasts. Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming. If you are looking for some signs of the weather, pay attention to nature. There are two basic rules used in weather forecasting: Weather generally moves from west to east, and low air pressure (压力) usually means rain or snow. So pay attention to the signs. If rainbows form in the west at sunrise, the sun is on the way. Smell the flowers—their smells are stronger in wet air. What are the ants doing? Are they moving to higher ground? This could mean a drop in air pressure. Are the birds flying low or high? Falling air pressure may influence birds’ ears, so they fly low. And if the sky is red at sunset, you might plan a picnic for the next day! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 11. What is the old saying about? A. The beauty of sunrise. B. The night sky. C. The signs of the weather. D. The sailors’ work. 12. What does the underlined word “meteorologists” mean? A. The persons who give daily weather reports on TV. B. The persons who carry out research on natural history. C. The persons who take an interest in plants and animals. D. The persons who do scientific studies of weather conditions. 13. How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2? A. By listing the reasons for terrible weather. B. By telling a true story about weather forecasting. C. By introducing different ways of forecasting the weather. D. By mentioning the difficulties in forecasting the weather. 14. What do we know from the last paragraph? A. It’ll be sunny if ants move to higher places. B. The smells of flowers are stronger in wet air. C. Birds fly higher because of the low air pressure. D It’ll rain if rainbows form in the west at sunrise. 15. What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A. To encourage people to get close to nature. B. To express the need for weather forecasting. C. To explain nature can tell us about the weather. D. To discuss how important weather forecasting is. 【答案]11.C12.D 13.C 14.B 15.C [解析] 【导语]本文主要介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气。 【11题详解] 细节理解题。根据“A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming.”可知，日落时的红色天空可能意味着太阳落山的西方天空晴朗。日出时天空呈红色通常意味着晴朗的天气已经过去，因此暴风雨可能即将来临。所以这句谚语是关于天气的迹象，故选C。 [12题详解] 词句猜测题。根据“But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance(提前).”可知，提前发布准确的预报的应该是气象学家，故选D。 【13题详解] 细节理解题。根据“In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. ... Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming.”可知，希腊人利用自然界的迹象来预报天气，气象学家使用科学仪器研究世界各地的天气状况并做出预测，也可以看一下智能手机或打开电视来了解天气。所以作者在第二段通过介绍不同的天气预报方法展开他的观点，故选C。 【14题详解] 细节理解题。根据“Smell the flowers--their smells are stronger in wet air."可知，闻闻花--它们的气味在潮湿的空气中更强烈。故选B。 [15题详解] 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气，是在解释自然可以告诉我们天气情况。故选C. 2023年 Energy is the ability to do work. Solar energy comes from the Sun. There is also energy that comes from wind and water. But do you know that energy can come from people, too? When you pedal a bike, you produce energy. You use your legs to push the pedals. Your energy is transferred (转移) to the bike. That makes the bike move. Now imagine riding your bike to create enough power to run a computer. Some students at one school did just that! They jumped on bikes connected to generators (发电机) and pedaled in place. Soon they were producing electricity. This energy is needed to run their computers. Here is how bicycle-powered energy works. When a student pedals the bike, the back wheel spins. The wheel spins the generator. The generator produces electricity. As long as a student pedals the bicycle, electricity moves through the generator. The electricity can be used right away. This energy can also be stored and used later. People use bicycle-powered energy to run small devices (设备) such as small televisions and fans. They often use less than 100 watts per hour. However, it would be a mistake to use pedal power to run a fridge. This large machine often uses more than 700 watts per hour. The electricity for these machines comes from power lines overhead or underground. Pedal power can be seen in schools, gyms, and homes. What a fun way to provide electricity! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 31. How does the writer lead into the topic “bicycle-powered energy” in Paragraph 2? A. By asking a question.  B. By telling a joke. C. By using an old saying.  D. By making a survey. 32. What does the underlined word “spins” mean in the text? A. Falls down suddenly.  B. Breaks up completely. C. Moves up and down slowly.  D. Turns round and round quickly. 33. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A. The future of new energy.  B. The forms of world’s energy. C. Using bicycle-powered energy.  D. Producing bicycle-powered energy. 34. What do we know about bicycle-powered energy? A. It can’t be seen in schools.  B. It comes from wind and water. C. It can be stored and used later.  D. It’s from power lines overhead. 35. In which unit of a textbook can the text be found? A. Unit 1 Friends Forever  B. Unit 2 Dream of the Stars C. Unit 3 The Value of Money  D. Unit 4 The World of Science 31. A 写作技巧题。文章首段介绍了来源于太阳的太阳能和来源于风和水的能源，第二段首句“But do you know that energy can come from people, too?”承上启下，通过一个问题引出能源还能来自人类，接下来便介绍了人踩踏自行车发电的现象，故选A。 32. D 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“When a student pedals the bike”再结合常识我们不难猜测，当学生踩踏自行车的时候，后轮会快速旋转，故选D。 33. C 段意归纳题。通读第五段内容可知，本段主要介绍了自行车发的电主要用于小的设备，如小型电视机和风扇，而不能用于冰箱等大型设备。由此可知本段主要介绍自行车发的电的利用方法。故选C。 34. C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The electricity can be used right away. This energy can also be stored and used later.”可知选C。 35. D 推理判断题。本文介绍了利用自行车发电的现象，最可能选自科学世界，故选D。 2022年 There’s nothing quite like falling sound asleep after a full day of work. Like people, animals need to rest after working hard. Some animals sleep in water. Others dig hoes under the ground. Some even sleep high in trees or under leaves. But they all find a way to rest. Some animals in the sea sleep in strange ways. Fish sleep with their eyes open. They seem to look ahead far into the sea while they rest. Sea otters sometimes sleep in beds of the plants that grow in the sea. This keeps them from moving away. Parrot fish blow something from their mouths when they are ready to sleep. Then a bubble (气泡) will be formed around them. The bubble protects them from harm while they sleep. Some animals sleep under the ground. Chipmunks (花栗鼠) sleep curled up (蜷缩) in a ball. Their beds are made of leaves and grass. In winter, they sleep for two weeks and wake up to eat the stored food. Then they go back to sleep for another two weeks before waking up again. Some desert frogs dig underground holes during the hot, dry season. A frog may stay in its hole for months. High above the ground, monkeys find leafy places in trees each evening before they sleep. The tall trees help to keep monkeys safe during the night. Some insects even sleep under the leaf that will be their next meal. A bee may climb down into a flower to rest. When it climbs out the next morning, it is rested and ready for work. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 11. What animals blow bubbles when they sleep? A. Sea otters.       B. Monkeys.       C. Desert frogs.       D. Parrot fish. 12. What do we know about chipmunks according to the text? A. They rest with their eyes open. B. They never sleep curled up in a ball. C. They wake up now and then in winter. D. They don’t eat any food during the winter. 13 What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. The forest where monkeys sleep safely. B. The animals that sleep above the ground. C. The reason why bees climb down into flowers. D. The ways that keep animals away from danger. 14. What is the structure of the passage? (P-Paragraph) A.        B.        C.        D.  15. What’s the best title for the text? A. Where animals live?       B. Why animals move? C. How animals sleep?       D. What animals feed on? 【分析]这篇短文主要讲述了不同的动物的睡眠方式，有些动物在水里睡觉，有些动物在地下挖洞， 有些动物甚至睡在高高的树上或树叶下。 【解答](1)细节理解题。根据Parrot fish blow something from their mouths when they are ready to sleep.Then a bubble will be formed around them.(鹦嘴鱼准备睡觉时，会用嘴吹东西。然后在它们周围形成一个气泡。)可知，鹦嘴鱼睡觉时吹泡泡。故选D。 (2)细节判断题题。根据In winter,they sleep for two weeks and wake up to eat the stored food.(在冬天，它们要睡上两个星期，然后醒来吃储存的食物。)可知，花栗鼠在冬天并不是一直冬眠，偶尔会想来，因此选项C(它们时不时地醒来。)是正确的。故选C。 (3)段落大意题。根据High above the ground(在地面之上)以及猴子、昆虫和蜜蜂等例子可知，这一段讲述了的是睡在地上的动物。故选B。 (4)文章结构题。通读全文，可知第一段引出动物们有各种各样的睡眠方式，是总括段。第二段讲述了海里的一些动物，第三段讲述了睡在地下的动物，第四段讲述了睡在地上的动物，因此本文是总分的关系。故选A。 (5)最佳题目题。通读全文，可知这篇短文讲述了不同的动物的睡眠方式，有些动物在水里睡觉，有些动物在地下挖洞，有些动物甚至睡在高高的树上或树叶下。因此，选项C(动物是怎样睡觉的)是最佳的题目。故选C。 2021年 Every living thing needs to reproduce. Reproducing means creating more members of your group. In order for plants to reproduce, they have to spread their seeds (种子) to other areas. Plants have developed all kinds of ways to do this. The simplest way is gravity. Many seeds are inside of fruit. When a piece of fruit gets too heavy, it falls from a tree to the ground. Sometimes animals will pick up the fruit and drop it in another area. That helps move the seed even farther away. Apples spread this way. Other plants use wind to spread their seeds. Dandelions are a good example of this. Dandelion seeds are so light that when wind blows, it carries dandelion seeds to new places. Maple (枫树) seeds also use wind. Their seeds are connected with long, thin leaves that look like wings. When the seed falls from the tree, its “wings” help it fly farther from the tree. Some animals help plants spread their seeds. The animals eat the seeds. While the seed is in the animal’s body, it stays whole. When the seed leaves the animal, it’s in a new place. Ants also help spread seeds. Some seeds have a special smell that attracts ants. The ants bring the seeds back to their home, which of course is underground. They only eat part of the seed. They leave the rest of the seed underground. After that, the seed can start growing. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 11. What does the word “gravity” mean in the second paragraph？ A. The action that makes animals drop seeds. B. The help that moves seeds even farther away. C. The need that comes from animals and plants. D. The force that causes fruit to fall to the ground. 12. How do maples spread their seeds? A. They use ants.       B. They use wind. C. They use smells.       D. They use animals. 13. What do ants do to help spread seeds? a. They only eat part of the seed. b. They help seeds fall from the tree. c. They carry seeds to the underground home. d. They pick up the fruit and move it far away. e. They leave the rest of the seed underground. A. b, d, e       B. a, b, d       C. a, c, e       D. b, c, d 14. What is the theme (主题 ) of the text? A. Nature.       B. Culture.       C. Education.       D. Technology. 15. What’s the best title for the text? A. How Plants Spread Seeds?       B. Why Animals Pick Up Seeds? C. How Wind Helps Seeds Spread?       D. Why Seeds Have a Special Trip? 【答案】11. D    12. B    13. C    14. A    15. A 【解析】 【分析】本文主要介绍了植物传播种子的方式。 【11题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“When a piece of fruit gets too heavy, it falls from a tree to the ground”可知，植物最简单的传播方式就是当果实过于沉重时，从树上掉到地上的这种力量帮助植物传播种子，故选D。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Maple (枫树) seeds also use wind”可知，枫树用风来传播种子，故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据“The ants bring the seeds back to their home, which of course is underground”“They only eat part of the seed”及“They leave the rest of the seed underground”可知，蚂蚁帮助传播种子的方式是：蚂蚁把种子带回它们地下的家；它们只吃一部分种子；它们把剩下的种子留在地下，故选C。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了大自然中植物传播种子的方式，故选A。 【15题详解】 最佳标题。根据“Plants have developed all kinds of ways to do this”及全文的内容，可知，本文主要介绍了植物传播种子的方式，所以A选项“植物如何传播种子”符合本文标题，故选A。 2020年 Cait, 11, was trying to fall asleep when her 8-year-old brother, Doug, came into her room. He looked around, but seemed really out of it. Then Doug went back into the hallway and stood there looking straight up at the light. This was really strange. Cait didn’t know what to do. Just then, Cait’s father appeared and explained Doug was sleepwalking. Not all sleep is the same every night. We experience some deep, quiet sleep and some active sleep, which is when dreams happen. You might think sleepwalking would happen during active sleep but a person isn’t physically active during active sleep. It usually happens in the first few hours of sleep in the period called deep sleep. The truth is that not all sleepwalkers walk. Some simply sit up or stand in bed or act like they’re awake when, in fact, they’re asleep! Most, however, do get up and walk around for a few seconds or for as long as half an hour. Sleepwalkers’ eyes are open, but they don’t see the same way they do when they’re awake. They tend to go back to bed on their own and won’t remember it in the morning. You also might have heard that sleepwalkers can get frightened if you wake them up. That’s true, so what do you do if you see someone sleepwalking? You should call for a grown-up who can lead the person back to bed. And once the sleepwalker is tucked back in bed, it’s time for you to get some sleep, too! 11. What does “out of it” most probably mean in Chinese? A. 茫然不觉 B. 心满意足 C. 垂头丧气 D. 悠然自得 12. When does sleepwalking usually happen? A. During active sleep. B. In the first few hours of sleep. C. When dreams begin. D. When we're trying to fall asleep. 13. Which paragraphs tell what sleepwalkers do? A. ①② B. ②③ C. ③④ D. ④⑤ 14. What should we do if we see people sleepwalking? A. Wake them up. B. Walk around with them. C. Do nothing and get your own sleep. D. Ask grown-ups to lead them to bed. 15. Who is the text written for? A. Teachers. B. Doctors. C. Parents. D. Children. 【答案】11. A    12. B    13. C    14. D    15. D 【解析】 文章讲述了晚上梦游的事情，同时指出了梦游发生的时间和表现，如果遇到梦游的人，要找一个成年人带梦游的人回去睡觉。 【11题详解】 词意猜测题。根据下文中“Cait’s father appeared and explained Doug was sleepwalking. Sleepwalkers’ eyes are open, but they don’t see the same way they do when they’re awake.”可知，道格正在梦游，梦游者的眼睛是睁开的，但与他们醒着的时候看东西的方式不同，所以虽然道格环顾四周，但是他毕竟是在梦游，此处划线部分out of it的意思是“茫然不觉”，表示“他看东西的方式和醒着的时候不一样”。故选A。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It usually happens in the first few hours of sleep in the period called deep sleep.”可知，梦游通常发生在睡眠的最初几个小时。故选B。 【13题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Some simply sit up or stand in bed or act like they’re awake when, in fact, they’re asleep! Most, however, do get up and walk around for a few seconds or for as long as half an hour.”和第四段中“Sleepwalkers’ eyes are open, but they don’t see the same way they do when they’re awake.”可知，这两段介绍了梦游者会做什么，有些人只是坐起来，或者站在床上，或者表现得好像他们是醒着的，大多数人都会站起来走动几秒钟，或者长达半个小时。故选C。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“You should call for a grown-up who can lead the person back to bed.”可知，如果你看到有人在梦游，你应该找个成年人带他回去睡觉。故选D。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中,作者提到的如何应对梦游“You should call for a grown-up who can lead the person back to bed.”你应该找一个成年人把梦游的人领回到床上，因此可知这里的“you”指的是孩子，因为需要找一个成年人，所以这篇文章是给孩子们写的。故选D。 2024年河南省驻马店驿城区中考二模 In recent years, many schools in China have had a high-tech makeover(改革). They have turned from using“old-school"multimedia(多媒体) tools to AI and big data to add value to student learning and life on campus(校园). At the Tianjin Eco-City School Affiliated 成忠Normal University, the Chinese tech company iFlytek's smart campus system(系统) makes learning a fun experience. In the aerospace(航天) classes, students use VR glasses to learn about what's inside a rocket and how it is launched(发射) in a computer game. Also, in swimming classes,“by wearing smart earphones,children can get real-time instructions(指令) from the coach under the water. This makes training safer,"Li Rui, the school's vice-principal, told CCTV. For P. E. classes, Yuwen School in Wuhu, Anhui, has used self-testing tools with AI visual analysis(视觉分析)technology for activities such as standing long jump, sit-ups and shot put(推铅球). With facial recognition technology, students can get voice reports and results on how they did right after each exercise. “Before, when I threw the shot put, the teacher had to use a ruler to measure how far it went.Now, the results just show up on their own. You can also see which parts of your exercise need improvement,"Wu Shengguo from the school told Dajiang Evening News. Apart from learning, students can also enjoy meals made by smart canteens(食堂).In June,Yingkou No.1 Middle School in Liaoning introduced a smart canteen with an “ online meal selection_and facial recognition meal pickup system. To meet the different needs of students, the canteen offers over.400 dishes, with six to seven choices for each meal. Parents and students can choose meals in advance(提前) from the online platform(平台). And they use facial recognition technology to pick up their meal. It helps the school plan and prepare meals, cutting down on food and kitchen waste.根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 31. Which of these are used in the aerospace classes? A. A model rocket. B.VR glasses. C.Smartphones. D. Earphones. 32. How do students feel about the swimming classes? A. It's like studying in the classroom in real. time. B. They can't hear the instructions clearly. C. The training process is much safer. D.They find it hard to stay underwater for long. 33. How can facial recognition technology help students with their P.E. classes? A. Students can learn how to improve their exercise from it. B. It can check whether the student is using a self-testing tool. C. It provides more information for better health choices. D. It's used to measure the balls' weight. 34. What does the underlined word“selection"in Paragraph 5 mean in Chinese? A.发现 B.购买 C.选择 D.付账 35.What is the passage mainly about? A. The birth of global village. B. The improvement of technology in China. C. New technology used in schools. D. Student comfort in everyday school life. [主旨大意]本文通过列举高校高科技改革的多个例子，表明中国的许多学校正在从使用“老派的”工具转为人工智能和大数据，为学生的学习和学校生活增加价值。 31.B【解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the aerospace(航天)classes, students useVR glasses to learn about what's inside a rocket..”可知,在航天课堂上,学生们使用VR眼镜了解火箭内部的情况……这说明在航天课堂上学生会用VR眼镜。故选B。 32.C【解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“.. in swimming classes,‘by wearing smart earphones, children can get real-time instructions(指令) from the coach under the water. This makes training safer ”可知，在游泳课上，通过佩戴智能耳机，孩子们可以获得水下教练的实时指令，这使训练更加安全。由此可知，在游泳课上，学生们会觉得训练课程比较安全。故选C。 33.A【解析]细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For P.E.classes... ... With facial recognition technology, students can get voice reports and results on how they did right after each exercise”和第四段中的“You can also see which parts of your exercise need improvement”可知,在体育课时，通过面部识别系统，学生们能够知道怎样去改进他们的锻炼。故选A。 34.C【解析]词义猜测题。通读第五段内容可知，主要讲的是使用智能食堂的方法，也就是说怎样在网上选择饭菜，因此selection意思为“选择”。故选C。 35.C【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，文中通过列举多个例子，表明中国的许多学校都进行了高科技改造，使学生的学校生活更轻松。因此可以概括为学校使用的新技术。故选C。 2024年河南省十二县一区中考二模 Have you ever been in a bad situation? How would you feel in this situation? In fact, every- one has to go through sadness. If someone around is listening to you and comforting you, I believe you will feel much better. Now,imagine that a robot comes to you and pats(轻拍)you on the shoulder with its hand when you feel sad. What do you think about it? Scientists recently did research on robot touch. They found that just like human touch, a touch from a robot can also help people feel better. The hands of robots are soft, and they do not give people the metallic mechanical(金属机械)feeling. So when comfort is needed, perhaps robots will be a good choice. The study asked 48 students to talk with a robot. The robot gave them advice on what courses to choose in school. At the end of the chat, the robot would either pat a student's hand three times or simply move its hand toward students in the other group. Interestingly, while most students smiled or even laughed at this movement at first, none of them pulled away.Compared with the control group, the students who were patted felt happier. They also showed more inter- est in the courses suggested by the robot. This research shows that the touch of the robot can really help humans,especially those who live alone. These people need someone who can accompany(陪伴)them or talk to them. Be- sides, it will be good for their mental(精神)and physical health. So the technology will be helpful. It can persuade(说服)human beings to make some decisions. For example, they can persuade patients to do more exercise. The finding will help scientists to develop better robots in the future. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 31. Why does the writer begin the text by asking questions? A. To explain a fact. B. To express agreement. C. To give opinions. D. To catch readers' interest. 32. According to Paragraph 2，why can the touch of a robot make people feel better? A. Because people like robots. B. Because robots never feel tired. C. Because the hands of robots are made soft. D. Because robots can give people the metallic mechanical feeling. 33. According to Paragraph 3,what didn't the robot do? A. It talked with students. B. It gave students advice. C. It patted students' hands.D. It smiled or laughed at students. 34. Who is the touch of the robot especially helpful to? A. an outgoing boy who has lots of friends B. an old man who lives alone C. a young girl who is always happy D. a woman who likes to help others 35. What's the main idea of the text? A. Robots will take the place of humans. B. Robots can make us feel better by touching. C. Robots can do something bad for people. D. Robots are cleverer than humans. 【语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了机器人的触摸能够帮助人类，对人类的身心健康有好处。 31.D解析:细节理解题。根据“Have you ever been in a bad situation? How would you feel in this case? In fact, everyone has to go through sadness. If someone around is listening to you and comforting you, I believe you will feel much better. Now, imagine that a robot comes to you and pats you on the shoulder with its hand when you feel sad. What do you think about it?”可知,文章首段提出了几个与人们息息相关的问题，由此可猜测，这些问题是为了引起读者的阅读兴趣。故选D。 32.C细节理解题。根据“The hands of robots are soft, and they do not give people the metallic mechanical feeling.”可知,机器人的手很柔软，可以像人手一样抚慰他人。故选C。 33.D细节理解题。根据“The study asked 48 students to talk with a robot. The robot gave them advice on what courses to choose in school. At the end of the chat， the robot would either pat a student's hand three times or simply move its hand toward students in the other group.”可知,机器人和学生们交谈,给予学生建议,并拍了学生的手。故选D。 34.B细节理解题。根据“This research shows that the touch of the robot can really help humans, especially those who live alone.”可知,研究表示,机器人的触摸对独居的人很有帮助。故选B。 35.B主旨大意题。根据“Scientists recently did research on robot touch. They found that just like human touch, a touch from a robot can also help people feel better.”可知,本文主要介绍了机器人的触摸能够帮助人类，对人类的身心健康有益。故选B。 2024年河南省安阳一模 Once you begin to eat potato chips, you may keep eating until the bag is empty. Have you ever experienced this? Why can't you stop eating these salty chips? Scientists said it is because of a kind of neuron(神经元). Scientists at the Beth Israel Medical Center in Boston have found that some neurons can make us want to eat salt. The neurons take note of whether our bodies need sodium (钠), a main part of salt. Then, they send signals (信 号)to our brain to encourage us to eat more salt. How do these neurons work? Scientists did tests on mice. They found that when mice need sodium, their body gives off a kind of hormone(荷尔蒙). It then makes these neurons become active. More research showed that adding salt to meals makes people enjoy their food more. This may cause people to continue eating even if they are full. Scientists from Deakin University in Australia asked healthy people to eat the same food for lunch for four weeks. The amount of salt in the food was changed each week. At the same time, the scientists recorded how much these people ate. They also asked the people how they felt about the meals; for example, if they felt happy or were still hungry after eating. The results showed that salt made people eat 11 percent more food. When eating low-salt meals, they had better control over how much they ate. “But when we add salt to that food, all of a sudden those controls are gone,” a researcher said. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 27. How does the writer lead into the topic in Paragraph 1? A. By telling a joke. B. By doing a survey. C. By making a study. D. By giving an example. 28. Why may we find it hard to stop eating potato chips? A. Because potato chips don't have much sodium. B. Because some neurons send signals for salty foods. C. Because potato chips send hungry signals to our brain. D.Because people's brains will be more active with more salt. 29.What did the scientists from Deakin University find? A. Mice also need salt. B.More salt makes people eat more. C.Not all people like salty food. D. People are not happy when they eat less. 30. What advice might the writer give? 31. A People should eat more chips. B. Salt can make food more delicious. C. Low-salt meals can help us stay healthy. D.More salt should be taken in to stay healthy. 31. In which part of newspaper can the text be found? A. Star Stories B.School Time C.Language Learning D.Science World [解析] 【导语]本文主要讲述了一旦你开始吃薯条，你就可能一直吃，直到吃完。这是为什么呢，科学家说这是由于一种神经元。文章介绍了关于盐分的科学研究。 [27题详解] 细节理解题。根据第一段的内容，作者通过描述一个我们可能都有过的经历，引出了文章的主题，故选D。[28题详解] 细节理解题。根据“Scientists at the Beth Israel Medical Center in Boston have found that some neurons can make us want to eat salt. The neurons take note of whether our bodies need sodium (钠), a main part of salt. Then, they send signals (信号) to our brain to encourage us to eat more salt.”可知，我们很难停止吃薯片，主要是因为一些神经元让我们想吃盐。故选B。 [29题详解] 细节理解题。根据“The results showed that salt made people eat 11 percent more food and calories.”和“More research showed that adding salt to meals makes people enjoy their food more.”可知，盐更多会让人吃得更多，故选 B。 [30题详解] 细节理解题。根据“The results showed that salt made people eat 11 percent more food and calories. When eating low-salt meals, they had better control over how much they ate.”可知，盐使人们多摄入11%的食物和卡路里。在吃低盐餐时，他们可以更好地控制自己的食量。因此低盐饮食可以帮助我们保持健康。故选C。 [31题详解] 推理判断题。根据“How do these neurons work? Scientists did experiments on mice.”可知，本文用科学研究来 证明观点，因此会出现在科学杂志上。故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$