Unit 1 词汇练习-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期知识&题型大冲关（人教版2019选择性必修第一册）

Unit 1 词汇复习资料 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1. The gases contain a poisonous (物质) that is harmful to people's health. 2. It is necessary to hold an (客观的) attitude towards ratings. 3. It is an important factor in (评估) the effectiveness of the drug. 4. Dogs' owners should be responsible if their pets do an injury to other people or cause damage to their (财产)． 5. The following simple experiment is used to separate different (液体)． 6. We have (获得) permission from the directors to use some of our funds. 7. There is no possibility that he will be (击败) in the game. 8. The water was bubbling and (沸腾) away. 9. Though it sounds simple enough, the youngster had to overcome (众多的) design challenges. 10. Only when our (理论) is combined with practice can the former become reliable knowledge. 11. You'll have a few moments to prepare your speech, so you can make a (草稿) first. 12. The game between humans and their smart (仪器) is amusing and complex. 13. His invention was so practical that he soon got a (专利证书)． 14. After years of preparation she finally makes this (不一般的) work. 15. One thing is certain, all people (偶然碰到) mountains in their life. 16. The (教授) would actually like to see you and answer your questions. 17. The scholars from different countries joined our (学术的)discussion last year. 18. When it comes to market research, a company should collect and (分析) information about what people want and need. 19. I’m very glad to see that your vocabulary is (逐渐地)building up. 20. People working the same hours feel completely different levels of pressure depending on their (激情) 2、 词汇变形 1. committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→ vt.承诺；保证　vi.忠于；全心全意投入 → n．承诺；许诺；奉献→ adj.尽心尽力的; 坚定的; 坚信的 2. academy n．(艺术、文学、科学等的) 研究院；学会→ adj.学业的；学术的 3. botanical adj.植物学的→ n．植物学→ n．植物学家 4. distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→ n．区别→ adj. 与众不同的 5. novel n.(长篇)小说→ n.小说家 6. conclude v.得出结论;结束, 终止→ n.结论; 推论 7. analyse vt.分析→ n．分析 8. object n.物体; 对象→ n.目标; 目的 9. apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然→ adj.显而易见的；显然的 10. scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→ n．科学→ n．科学家 11. politics n.政治学→ n.从政者; 政治家; 政客→ adj. 政治的；政府的 12. relativity n. 相对论；相对性→ adj.相对的→ adv.相对地→ n．亲属 13. gentle adj.温柔的；文静的→ adv.轻轻地；温和地→ n．温顺；亲切 14. gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地→ adj.逐渐的；平缓的 15. consequence n．结果；后果→ adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→ adv.因此；结果 16. remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的→ n．言论；评论→ adv.显著地；非常地 3、 词组积累 1. 2. 导致 3. 承诺；保证 4. 坚决要求 5. 偶然；意外地 6. 陷入困境 7. 抽出；取出 8. 几十万；无数 9. 对……至关重要 10. 毕业于(……学校) 11. ……的负责人 12. 一批；一些 13. 团队努力(的结果) 14. 中医药 15. 对……作出贡献 16. 设法做到某事 17. (开始)掌权；上台 18. 担任；任职 19. 被误认为；被误解为 20. 去世(委婉说法) 21. 结果 22. 总结；概括 23. 流程图 24. 竖着；直立着 25. 以……为目的 26. (正常使用造成)磨损; 损耗 27. 经得起;抵抗;勇敢地面对 4、 5、 语法填空 vital 1. Enough sleep is vital the students’ well­being and health. 2. It is vital (protect) wild animals in modern society. 3. It is of vital (important) to protect wild animals in modern society. 4. It is vital that she (act) to stop the destruction of the rainforests. 5. As far as I’m concerned, it is vital (keep) accurate records. 6. If we are to make a difference in life, it’s vital that we (begin) with small steps. committed 1. I strongly believe that a better world owes to the (committed) and devotion of everyone. 2. As he (commit) to the happiness of the people of the whole nation, he has earned our love and respect. 3. Do you need understanding, support, (commit) or consideration? 4. You don't have to commit yourself (finish) the task now. Just think about it. 5. (commit) to the happiness of the people of the whole nation, he has earned our love and respect. 6. As a patient and (commit) scientist, she is highly thought of all over the world. 7. He (commit) a mistake when attending the English speech contest. 8. After realizing the delay, he committed (he)to doing it at once. distinct 1. 选词填空(distinct/distinctive/distinction) ① The between them is not so , for they are twins. ② The cheongsam(旗袍) is a female dress with Chinese features and enjoys growing popularity in the international world of high fashion. 2. Some of our friends can be similar to us, and some of them can be distinct one another in some ways. 3. It's difficult for me to make a (distinct) between the twins. obtain 1. We should appreciate what we have obtained life and seize every opportunity to help others. 2. The longer this situation obtains, the more extensive the problems become. 3. I really want (obtain) this precious opportunity. acknowledge 1. Upon hearing the fact that I was chosen again, my classmates (acknowledge) that I would undoubtedly emerge as the champion again. 2. He acknowledged (donate) a great deal of money to the flooded area. 3. The candidate waved his hands in (acknowledge) of the cheers of the crowd. 4. People widely acknowledge him (be) the best player in the world. 5. Mary refused to acknowledge (lie) to the head teacher, which made her parents angry. 6. There is almost universal (acknowledge) that China has made great advances in space exploration. defeat 1. 选词填空 (defeat/ beat/ win) Yesterday I John at chess. He only one set, while I two sets. 2. Our team (defeat) last night, which made us sad and disappointed. apparent 1. Not knowing what to do, I just stood there frozen with terror. (apparent), Ellie kept a much more clear head facing this critical situation. 2. The kids (apparent) know the truth. 3. I thought she had retired, but (apparent) she hasn't. insist 1. Therefore, I put the thought to the back of my mind, because I knew he would still insist holding onto his previous idea. 2. I wanted to walk to the station, but he insisted on (drive) me there. 3. The doctor insisted that he (be) seriously ill and that he (operate) on immediately. 4. My best friend Tom insisted driving me to the airport to see me off tomorrow morning. botany 1. As the (botany) analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. 2. What the (botany) tells us after a number of imperfect lectures, the flower proclaimed in a minute. academy 1. He's been informed that he doesn't qualify for the scholarship because of his (academy) background. 2. In Rome, some 170 private palaces, (academy), homes and other buildings will open their doors to visitors. scientific 1. The old scientist told his students that (science) theories must be based on facts. 2. (science) have collected more data than expected. conclusion 1. As is stated above, a (conclude) can be drawn that this volunteer activity is well worth holding again. 2. I've come to the (conclude) that he's not the right person for the job. 3. When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it important points. 4. (conclude), I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting. flee 1. Lubeck (flee) back upstairs to call 911 from his bedroom, but the phone didn't work. 2. She burst into tears and (flee)． 3. He fled to another city after an argument his family. 4. As a young child, he fled his home in Breslau, Germany during World War Ⅱ. circumstance 1. the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident. 2. I can abandon my learning goals under/in no (circumstance). novelist 1. The publication of Great Expectations, which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading (novel)． 2. 写出下列句中黑体部分的含义 ① A novel is a long written story about imaginary people and events. ② Novel things are new and different from anything that has been done, experienced, or made before. passion 1. Most importantly, this activity has stimulated our passion learning poems from different various perspectives. 2. One should always be full passion in his life no matter how old he is. 3. The person passion is our first choice. crucial 1. Systems thinking is crucial to (achieve) targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition. 2. To our minds, education is a fundamental task crucial generations to come. 3. Kindness plays a crucial role the administration and development of charities. come to power 1. The snow had stopped, but sometime later a (power) wind kicked up the flames of our dying fire. 2. I am sorry; it's my power to make such a decision. 3. This kind of animals has some (power) teeth. 4. She always has the power (control) the situation. 5. He has power many people’s lives and property. consequence 1. a consequence of human activities like cutting down bamboos, the pandas are lacking in the food source. 2. (consequence), she understood it and became interested in traditional Chinese culture. 3. The warming of the earth and the (consequence) climatic changes affect us all. 4. It rained yesterday. consequence, the match was cancelled. 5. He was always diligent in his study and (consequence), received high marks. 6. What is a (consequent) of food waste according to the text? take up a position 1. 写出下列句中黑体部分的含义 ① In fact, surfing the Internet takes up most of her time. ② The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week. ③ Peter will take up the management of the finance department. 2. Excuse me for taking so much of your precious time. 3. Law will protect the girls taken by the criminal. 4. The chairman has left, so Tom will take his position. remarkable 1. As long as you work hard, you'll see a slow but (remark) improvement during the next term. 2. The editor (remark) that the article was well written. 3. Don't make rude remarks her appearance. 4. These cars are remarkable the quietness of their engines. 5. Though he was not a trained economist, his achievements were (remark)． sum 1. 写出下列句中黑体词的含义 ① You will be fined the sum of ￡200. ② The sum of 7 and 12 is 19. ③ This is the sum of my achievements so far. 2. Review your study notes and the (sum) every week to help you remember the information. gradual 1. The serious illness (gradual) destroys your nerves, making you weak and unable to walk. 2. Then (gradual) between about AD800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. found 1. It was this thought that led him to leave his money for the (found) of the famous Nobel Prizes. 2. The town (found) by English settlers in 1790. politics 1. Jason is very interested in current affairs and he wants to be a (politics)． 2. The Canadian government is facing another (politic) crisis. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 词汇复习资料 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1. The gases contain a poisonous substance (物质) that is harmful to people's health. 2. It is necessary to hold an objective (客观的) attitude towards ratings. 3. It is an important factor in evaluating (评估) the effectiveness of the drug. 4. Dogs' owners should be responsible if their pets do an injury to other people or cause damage to their properties (财产)． 5. The following simple experiment is used to separate different liquids (液体)． 6. We have obtained (获得) permission from the directors to use some of our funds. 7. There is no possibility that he will be defeated (击败) in the game. 8. The water was bubbling and boiling (沸腾) away. 9. Though it sounds simple enough, the youngster had to overcome numerous (众多的) design challenges. 10. Only when our theory (理论) is combined with practice can the former become reliable knowledge. 11. You'll have a few moments to prepare your speech, so you can make a draft (草稿) first. 12. The game between humans and their smart devices (仪器) is amusing and complex. 13. His invention was so practical that he soon got a patent (专利证书)． 14. After years of preparation she finally makes this extraordinary (不一般的) work. 15. One thing is certain, all people encounter (偶然碰到) mountains in their life. 16. The professor (教授) would actually like to see you and answer your questions. 17. The scholars from different countries joined our academic (学术的)discussion last year. 18. When it comes to market research, a company should collect and analyze (分析) information about what people want and need. 19. I’m very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually (逐渐地)building up. 20. People working the same hours feel completely different levels of pressure depending on their passion (激情) 2、 词汇变形 1. committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→ commit vt.承诺；保证　vi.忠于；全心全意投入 → commitment n．承诺；许诺；奉献→ committed adj.尽心尽力的; 坚定的; 坚信的 2. academy n．(艺术、文学、科学等的) 研究院；学会→academic adj.学业的；学术的 3. botanical adj.植物学的→botany n．植物学→botanist n．植物学家 4. distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→ distinction n．区别→ distinctive adj. 与众不同的 5. novel n.(长篇)小说→ novelist n.小说家 6. conclude v.得出结论;结束, 终止→ conclusion n.结论; 推论 7. analyse vt.分析→analysis n．分析 8. object n.物体; 对象→ objective n.目标; 目的 9. apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然→apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的 10. scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→science n．科学→ scientist n．科学家 11. politics n.政治学→ politician n.从政者; 政治家; 政客→political adj. 政治的；政府的 12. relativity n. 相对论；相对性→relative adj.相对的→relatively adv.相对地→relatives n．亲属 13. gentle adj.温柔的；文静的→gently adv.轻轻地；温和地→gentleness n．温顺；亲切 14. gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地→gradual adj.逐渐的；平缓的 15. consequence n．结果；后果→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.因此；结果 16. remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的→remark n．言论；评论→remarkably adv.显著地；非常地 3、 词组积累 1. 2. lead to导致 3. commit oneself to 承诺；保证 4. insist on 坚决要求 5. by chance = by accident偶然；意外地 6. get stuck 陷入困境 7. draw out 抽出；取出 8. hundreds of thousands of几十万；无数 9. be vital for/to对……至关重要 10. graduate from毕业于(……学校) 11. the head of ……的负责人 12. a collection of一批；一些 13. team effort团队努力(的结果) 14. traditional Chinese medicine中医药 15. make contributions to ... 对……作出贡献 16. manage to do sth设法做到某事 17. come to power (开始)掌权；上台 18. take up a position担任；任职 19. be mistaken for被误认为；被误解为 20. pass away去世(委婉说法) 21. as a consequence 结果 22. sum up 总结；概括 23. flow chart 流程图 24. stand on end 竖着；直立着 25. with the objective of (doin 以……为目的 26. wear and tear (正常使用造成)磨损; 损耗 27. stand up to 经得起;抵抗;勇敢地面对 4、 5、 语法填空 vital 1. Enough sleep is vital for/to the students’ well­being and health. 2. It is vital to protect (protect) wild animals in modern society. 3. It is of vital importance (important) to protect wild animals in modern society. 4. It is vital that she (should) act (act) to stop the destruction of the rainforests. 5. As far as I’m concerned, it is vital to keep (keep) accurate records. 6. If we are to make a difference in life, it’s vital that we (should) begin (begin) with small steps. committed 1. I strongly believe that a better world owes to the commitment (committed) and devotion of everyone. 2. As he is committed (commit) to the happiness of the people of the whole nation, he has earned our love and respect. 3. Do you need understanding, support, commitment (commit) or consideration? 4. You don't have to commit yourself to finish/finishing (finish) the task now. Just think about it. 5. Committed (commit) to the happiness of the people of the whole nation, he has earned our love and respect. 6. As a patient and committed (commit) scientist, she is highly thought of all over the world. 7. He committed (commit) a mistake when attending the English speech contest. 8. After realizing the delay, he committed himself (he)to doing it at once. distinct 1. 选词填空(distinct/distinctive/distinction) ① The distinction between them is not so distinct, for they are twins. ② The cheongsam(旗袍) is a female dress with distinctive Chinese features and enjoys growing popularity in the international world of high fashion. 2. Some of our friends can be similar to us, and some of them can be distinct from one another in some ways. 3. It's difficult for me to make a distinction (distinct) between the twins. obtain 1. We should appreciate what we have obtained from life and seize every opportunity to help others. 2. The longer this situation obtains, the more extensive the problems become. 存在 3. I really want to obtain (obtain) this precious opportunity. acknowledge 1. Upon hearing the fact that I was chosen again, my classmates acknowledged (acknowledge) that I would undoubtedly emerge as the champion again. 2. He acknowledged donating/having donated (donate) a great deal of money to the flooded area. 3. The candidate waved his hands in acknowledgement (acknowledge) of the cheers of the crowd. 4. People widely acknowledge him to be (be) the best player in the world. 5. Mary refused to acknowledge lying (lie) to the head teacher, which made her parents angry. 6. There is almost universal acknowledgement (acknowledge) that China has made great advances in space exploration. defeat 1. 选词填空 (defeat/ beat/ win) Yesterday I defeated/beat John at chess. He won only one set, while I won two sets. 2. Our team was defeated (defeat) last night, which made us sad and disappointed. apparent 1. Not knowing what to do, I just stood there frozen with terror. Apparently (apparent), Ellie kept a much more clear head facing this critical situation. 2. The kids apparently (apparent) know the truth. 3. I thought she had retired, but apparently (apparent) she hasn't. insist 1. Therefore, I put the thought to the back of my mind, because I knew he would still insist on holding onto his previous idea. 2. I wanted to walk to the station, but he insisted on driving (drive) me there. 3. The doctor insisted that he was (be) seriously ill and that he (should) be operated (operate) on immediately. 4. My best friend Tom insisted on driving me to the airport to see me off tomorrow morning. botany 1. As the botanical (botany) analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. 2. What the botanist (botany) tells us after a number of imperfect lectures, the flower proclaimed in a minute. academy 1. He's been informed that he doesn't qualify for the scholarship because of his academic (academy) background. 2. In Rome, some 170 private palaces, academies (academy), homes and other buildings will open their doors to visitors. scientific 1. The old scientist told his students that scientific (science) theories must be based on facts. 2. Scientists (science) have collected more data than expected. conclusion 1. As is stated above, a conclusion (conclude) can be drawn that this volunteer activity is well worth holding again. 2. I've come to the conclusion (conclude) that he's not the right person for the job. 3. When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it with important points. 4. To conclude (conclude), I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting. flee 1. Lubeck fled (flee) back upstairs to call 911 from his bedroom, but the phone didn't work. 2. She burst into tears and fled (flee)． 3. He fled to another city after an argument with his family. 4. As a young child, he fled from his home in Breslau, Germany during World War Ⅱ. circumstance 1. Under/In the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident. 2. I can abandon my learning goals under/in no circumstances (circumstance). novelist 1. The publication of Great Expectations, which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist (novel)． 2. 写出下列句中黑体部分的含义 ① A novel is a long written story about imaginary people and events. (长篇)小说 ② Novel things are new and different from anything that has been done, experienced, or made before. 新的;新奇的;新颖的 passion 1. Most importantly, this activity has stimulated our passion for learning poems from different various perspectives. 2. One should always be full of passion in his life no matter how old he is. 3. The person with passion is our first choice. crucial 1. Systems thinking is crucial to achieving (achieve) targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition. 2. To our minds, education is a fundamental task crucial for generations to come. 3. Kindness plays a crucial role in the administration and development of charities. come to power 1. The snow had stopped, but sometime later a powerful (power) wind kicked up the flames of our dying fire. 2. I am sorry; it's beyond/out of my power to make such a decision. 3. This kind of animals has some powerful (power) teeth. 4. She always has the power to control (control) the situation. 5. He has power over many people’s lives and property. consequence 1. As a consequence of human activities like cutting down bamboos, the pandas are lacking in the food source. 2. Consequently (consequence), she understood it and became interested in traditional Chinese culture. 3. The warming of the earth and the consequent (consequence) climatic changes affect us all. 4. It rained yesterday. In consequence, the match was cancelled. 5. He was always diligent in his study and consequently (consequence), received high marks. 6. What is a consequence (consequent) of food waste according to the text? take up a position 1. 写出下列句中黑体部分的含义 ① In fact, surfing the Internet takes up most of her time. 占据 ② The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week. 继续 ③ Peter will take up the management of the finance department. 开始从事 2. Excuse me for taking up so much of your precious time. 3. Law will protect the girls taken in by the criminal. 4. The chairman has left, so Tom will take over his position. remarkable 1. As long as you work hard, you'll see a slow but remarkable (remark) improvement during the next term. 2. The editor remarked (remark) that the article was well written. 3. Don't make rude remarks on/upon/about her appearance. 4. These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines. 5. Though he was not a trained economist, his achievements were remarkable (remark)． sum 1. 写出下列句中黑体词的含义 ① You will be fined the sum of ￡200. 款项；金额 ② The sum of 7 and 12 is 19. 总和；总数 ③ This is the sum of my achievements so far. 全部 2. Review your study notes and the summary (sum) every week to help you remember the information. gradual 1. The serious illness gradually (gradual) destroys your nerves, making you weak and unable to walk. 2. Then gradually (gradual) between about AD800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. found 1. It was this thought that led him to leave his money for the foundation (found) of the famous Nobel Prizes. 2. The town was founded (found) by English settlers in 1790. politics 1. Jason is very interested in current affairs and he wants to be a politician (politics)． 2. The Canadian government is facing another political (politic) crisis. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$