01 名词---2024年新九年级英语暑假语法知识抢先记（通用版）

2024年新九年级英语暑假语法知识抢先记（通用版） 01 名词 知识导图 考点一 可数名词及其单复数 1.概念:一般来说,可以用数目来计算的事物或人的名词,称为可数名词。 2.可数名词复数的规则变化 规则 读音 例子 1.一般情况下,直接在名词后加-s 在清辅音后读/s/ book→books, tip→tips 在浊辅音以及元音后读/z/ car→cars,pig→pigs 在t后,一起读/ts/ coat→coats,student→students 在d后,一起读/dz/ word→words,hand→hands 2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词后加-es 发音为/ɪz/ glass→glasses, box→boxes, 3.以f(e)结尾的词,变f(e)为v,再加-es 发音为/vz/ leaf→leaves, knife→knives 4.以y结尾的名词 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es 一般ies读/ɪz/ baby→babies, city→cities 以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,在词尾加-s 发音为/z/ toy→toys,boy→boys, 5.以o结尾的名词 以“辅音字母+o”结尾的本族词,加-es 发音为/z/ hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes 以“元音字母+o”结尾或以“辅音字母+o”结尾的外来词、缩写词等,加-s 发音为/z/ photo→photos, piano→pianos 2、 可数名词复数的不规则变化 （1）改变名词中的元音字母或其他变化形式 ：man→men, foot→feet, tooth→teeth （2）单复数形式相同： sheep, deer, fish, Chinese （3）只能用复数形式,与谓语动词的复数形式连用：trousers, clothes, glasses, sunglasses （4）形式上为复数,但意义为单数,与谓语动词的单数形式连用：news,maths （5）一些集体名词形式上为单数,意义上为复数：people, police, cattle(家畜), staff(工作人员) （6）集体名词表示由若干个体组成的集合体。集体名词作主语,如视为整体,谓语动词用单数;如视为个体成员,谓语动词用复数：family, class, team, group, army （7）复数形式表示特殊含义：times(时代), drinks(饮料), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑,智力), greens(青菜) （8）表示“某国人”变复数，口诀:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面：中日不变:Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese英法变: Englishman→Englishmen, Frenchman→Frenchmen; 其余s加后面: American→Americans, German→Germans 9. 由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数时,常将最后一个名词变复数。但如果第一个名词是man 或woman时,两个名词都要变复数：two girl students　　five apple trees ten women teachers three men nurses 考点二 不可数名词 1.概念:物质名词和抽象名词无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词。不可数名词通常无复数形式。 2.在没有量词的情况下,不可数名词前不能用a,an这两个不定冠词。 3.常见的不可数名词: 饮食：milk, water, tea, wine, food, beef, rice, bread, salt, corn, soup, oil, meat, pork, wheat, juice, coffee, beer, cheese, butter 材料：wood, gold, glass, silk, plastic, cotton, wool, metal 自然：earth, light, rain, wind, ice, grass, weather, snow, fire, universe, sunshine 其他：advice, confidence, time, money, news, housework, homework, knowledge, music, help, information, trouble, fun, success, surprise, progress, pity, pleasure, treasure, shame 4.某些名词表示物质或抽象概念时是不可数的,而在表示个体概念时是可数的。如: A glass is made of glass.玻璃杯是由玻璃制成的。(句中的第一个glass表示“玻璃杯”,是个体名词,是可数的。第二个glass意为“玻璃”,是物质名词,是不可数的。) 名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数 paper 报纸,试卷,论文 纸张 chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 weight 砝码,秤砣 体重 fish 鱼 鱼肉 orange 橘子 橙色,橙汁 exercise 练习 锻炼 room 房间 空间 experience 经历 经验 5.不可数名词的量 不可数名词要表示“一件”“一个”等量的概念时,要用“数词+表示量的名词+of+不可数名词”来表示。如: a piece of paper一张纸　　 two pieces of paper 两张纸　　 a cup of tea 一杯茶 　 five cups of tea 五杯茶 　　 a bottle of juice 一瓶果汁 　 　 four bottles of juice 四瓶果汁 考点三 名词所有格 （1）名词所有格形式的构成：a.单数名词后加’s,其读音与名词复数结尾的读音相同 b.以s结尾的复数名词后加’ c.不以s结尾的复数名词后加’s （2）表示有生命名词的所有格,单数形式是加’s,复数形式加’(s):students’ rooms 学生的房间 father’s shoes 父亲的鞋 (3) 表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格等名词的所有格用’s或s’：one hour’s walk一小时的步行ten miles’ journey十英里的旅程 two pounds’ weight两磅的重量 (4) 无生命名词的所有格则用of结构：a map of China 一张中国地图 the end of this term这学期末 (5) 表示共同所有的名词,只需在最后一个名词后加’s ：Tom and Mike’s room汤姆和迈克共有的一间房 (6) 表示分别所有的名词,需在每个名词后都加’s：Mary’s and Jenny’s bikes玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车 （7）双重所有格：a friend of my mother’s我妈妈的一个朋友a picture of Tom’s汤姆的一张图片 （8）表示商铺、某人的家、诊所或餐馆等时,名词所有格后的名词可以省略:at my uncle’s在我叔叔的家里 at the doctor’s在医生的诊所里 分层优练 夯实基础 1.Miss Li has lots of teaching _______.She has her own ways to make classes lively and interesting.  A.exercise　 B.excitement　 C.experience　 D.environment 2.--—I find there are more and more overweight children in our school. —Exactly, so we should have good eating 　　　　.  A.tasks 　 B.choices　 C.grades　 D.habits 3.The______rang and Pat answered it.It was his son calling from New York.  A.telephone　 B.doorbell　 C.clock 　 D.bike 4.—Do you know March 21st is World Sleep Day? Sleep is important to us. —Yes.A good sleep gives us________and makes us happy.  A.truth　 B.fame　 C.energy　 D.culture 5.—Jack, I have no idea for the report. —Me neither.Why don’t we ask the teacher for_________?  A.help　 B.jokes　 C.food 　 D.tickets 6.My grandma is good at paper-cutting.She can cut out pictures in the______of cartoon characters.  A.ability　 B.weight　 C.shape 　 D.quality 7.This year, the family went camping on________Day, June 1st.  A.Child 　 B.Child’s　 C.Children　 D.Children’s 8.With the introduction of the “double reduction” policy (双减政策), one of the_______that the students have less homework.  A.changes; is　 B.change; is　 C.changes; are 9._________father is a pilot.He has been to many countries around the world.  A.Tony and Peter’s　 B.Tony’s and Peter　 C.Tony’s and Peter’s 10.All ________received fresh flowers on Women’s Day.  A.woman teacher　 B.woman teachers　 C.women teachers　 D.women teacher 二、小语篇特训 (1)语法选择 Chinese people in different areas celebrated the 　1　 in a number of different 　2　. A flag-raising ceremony was held in Hong Kong and Macao. A dragon boat race was held in Guangxi. A light show was held in Qingdao and New York. All Chinese people celebrated the National Day to express their 　3　 for the motherland.  ( )1.A.national Day B.national day C.National Day ( )2.A.way B.ways C.way’s ( )3.A.love B.lovely C.loving (2)完形填空 In Paris during the summer of 1840, I met a strange and interesting young man named August Dupin.Dupin was the last member of a family which once had great 　4　.But he himself was far from rich.  We first met in an old book shop.A few more meetings by accident at such 　5　 followed.Soon, we began to talk.I was surprised at how widely he had read.He seemed to have a great 　6　 about everything.I felt that the 　7　 of such a man would be,for me,riches without price.  I soon noticed that Dupin had an amazing way of understanding people.Using it gave him great 　8　.He told me once,with a soft laugh, that he could see through the windows what most men had over their hearts.  ( )4.A.weight 　 B.wealth 　 C.health 　 D.victory ( )5.A.books 　 B.roads 　 C.shops 　 D.homes ( )6.A.feelings B.thought 　 C.knowledge D.opinions ( )7.A.work 　 B.money 　 C.service D.friendship ( )8.A.luck 　 B.trouble 　 C.pleasure 　 D.praise (3)短文填空 Mum and I were just going out when it began to rain.We had to stay at 9.　 　, and I felt quite bored.Mum got an 10.　　 .She suggested teaching me to make dumplings.I thought it could be fun, so I said OK.Mum cut the meat and cabbages into small pieces quickly.Then she showed me how to mix them with salt and oil.“Mixing is the most important of all the steps,” With her 11.　 　, everything was ready.Dad came back home from his office.Together the three of us wrapped (包) the 12.　 　. At last, we cooked and ate them.They were so delicious that I ate more than twenty.That was the first time I learnt to make dumplings.It was enjoyable!  语篇提升 一、语法选择 One day, David and Sharon decided to go for a walk in the snow. “Oh David, look at that wonderful view of our garden! We’re so lucky to live in such 　1　 beautiful place, aren’t we?” shouted Sharon.  “Yes, I think so, but it could be even 　2　,” answered David.“What do you mean?” asked Sharon.  “Well, look at those little birds.I’m not so sure 　3　 or not they like the trees in snow.The poor little things can’t find anything to eat.We 　 4 　 the view now, but the birds are so cold and hungry!” said David.  “I understand! You’re right, David.We should do something 　 5　 those hungry birds,” said Sharon.After a while, David said, “Why don’t we make 　6　 delicious bird food and put it outside so that the birds can enjoy it?”  Both of them got busy in the kitchen making food 　7　 the birds.The food was good enough to keep the birds going when the ground 　8　 in snow and they couldn’t find any food.Sure enough, the birds came flying to the 　9　 home-made house, which they hung from the trees in David’s garden.　10　 warm winter for the birds! All winter long, the birds were well-fed and everyone was happy again.  ( )1.A.a B.an　 C.the　 ( )2.A.good　 B.better 　 C.best　 ( )3.A.why　 B.how　 C.whether　 ( )4.A.enjoyed 　 B.are enjoying C.will enjoy　 ( )5.A.help　 B.to help　 C.helping　 ( )6.A.many　 B.any　 C.some　 ( )7.A.to B.with　 C.for ( )8.A.is covered　 B.is covering　 C.was covered　 ( )9.A.child　 B.children　 C.children’s　 ( )10.A.How　 B.What a　 C.What an 二、完形填空 Your brain doesn’t have to do anything extra (额外的) to tell the truth.You think of what you want to say, and you say it.But lying 　11　 much more work.  Here’s an 　12　 of what goes into a simple lie.Imagine you’re late for class and the teacher asks why and you decide to lie.You now have to either came up with a 　13　 or remember the story you 　14　 as you were rushing to class.So you say, “I had to stop by the 　15　 and borrowed a book.” Your teacher asks, “The book I recommended (推荐) last period?”  You must decide how to answer 　16　.If you say yes, the teacher might ask you to show her the book.Or she might 　17　 you to read it in class.If you say it is a 　18　 book, she might ask which book you’ve checked out.So you have to be ready with the 　19　 of another book and make sure it’s a book the school library owns.  You give your 　20　 a ton of extra work! Why not just tell the truth? It’s much easier.  ( )11.A.refuses　 B.avoids　 C.takes　 D.fixes ( )12.A.example　 B.ability　 C.interview　 D.agreement ( )13.A.class　 B.book　 C.story　 D.poem ( )14.A.listened to B.made up C.wrote down D.left behind ( )15.A.store　 B.gate　 C.station　 D.library ( )16.A.recently　 B.secretly　 C.angrily 　 D.quickly ( )17.A.expect　 B.help　 C.hate　 D.pay ( )18.A.boring　 B.personal C.cheap　 D.different ( )19.A.cover　 B.name　 C.price　 D.size ( )20.A.book　 B.exam　 C.brain　　 D.class 三、短文填空 Zhang Junli, an amazing woman, is from Taiyuan, Shanxi Province.She has overcome life’s greatest difficulties to become one of the most famous 21.　 in China.She has been paralyzed (瘫痪的) 22.　 　 over 30 years.When Zhang was six, she had a serious illness.At eight, she could not move 90% of her body. She can only move 23. shoulders and neck a little now.24.　 , being paralyzed never prevented her from trying to follow her dreams.Zhang 25.___________　 　 up drawing at a young age and started learning painting in 2015.Though it is 26.__________　 　 for her to pick up a paintbrush, her love for painting is always pushing her to challenge herself.  “Painting has changed me.The first time I picked up a brush, I felt 27.　 　 I liked to draw,” says Zhang.“The world is so beautiful.Even if I am in poor health, I don’t want to 28.　 　 up the chance to live.”Now Zhang has created thousands 29.____________　 　 pencil sketches (素描).She also has an online shop 30.　 　 Zhang Junli’s Paintings, where she sells her works.  参考答案： 夯实基础 一、1~5　CDACA　6~10　CDAAC 二、(1)1~3　CBA(2)4~8　BCCDC(3)9.home　10.idea　11.help　12.dumplings 语篇提升 一、1.A 考查冠词。such+ a/an +可数名词单数表示“如此……的一个……”，beautiful是以辅音音素开头的，故选A。 2.B 考查形容词比较等级。even+形容词比较级表示“更……”，故选B。 3.C 考查宾语从句引导词。whether or not是否，句意：我不确定他们是否喜欢…… 4.B 考查动词时态。提示词now可知此处用现在进行时，故填B。 5.B 考查动词不定式。此处用动词不定式表目的，句意：我们应该为这些饥饿的鸟做点什么。 6.C 考查形容词。many只能修饰可数名词复数，any多用在否定句和疑问句中，故选C。 7.C 考查介词。for为了，句意：他们俩在厨房忙着为鸟准备食物，故选C。 8.C 考查被动语态。从句的主语与谓语是被动关系，主语是第三人称单数，时态与前后一致用一般过去时，故选C。 9.C 考查名词所有格。此空填名词所有格，故选C。 10.B 考查感叹句。what+ a/an +可数名词单数表示“多么……的一个……”，warm是以辅音音素开头的单词，故选B。 二、11.C 考查动词辨析。take花费，句意：说谎需要花费额外的工夫。 12.A 考查名词辨析。example例子，下文提到的是 “lying takes much more work”这个观点的例子，故选A。 13.C 考查名词辨析。此处是原词复现，下文提到“the story”，故此处选C。 14.B 考查动词短语辨析。make up编造，句意：……或者记得你在赶去上课途中编造的故事。 15.D 考查名词辨析。根据下文提示“borrowed a book”可知从此应填library。 16.D 考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，在被老师质问的情况下要快速地回答，故填quickly。 17.A 考查动词辨析。expect期待，句意：或者她会期待你在课堂上朗读这本书。 18.D 考查形容词辨析。根据下文“which book you’ve checked out”可知答案选D。 19.B 考查名词辨析。name名字，句意：因此你不得不准备好另一本书名……，故选B。 20.C 考查名词辨析。brain大脑，根据上文可知，编造一个谎言需要用更多的谎言去圆，因此是给大脑增加了很多额外的工作，故选C。 三、21.painters 考查名词和固定搭配。one of +最高级+名词复数表示“最……的……之一”根据下文可知，Zhang Junli热爱画画，是一名画家，故填painters。 22.for 考查介词。本句时态为现在完成时，时间标志词应填for，表示持续一段时间。 23.her 考查介词。空后为名词，修饰名词用形容词性物主代词，表示她的用her。 24.However 考查连词。上文提到Zhang的疾病和身体状况，下文句意是瘫痪无法阻止她追逐自己的梦想，空在句首且空后有逗号，故填However。 25.took 考查动词和固定搭配。take up doing sth. 开始做某事，此句时态为一般过去时，故填took。 26.hard/difficult 考查形容词。句意：虽然对于她来说拿起画笔是很难的，但是她对绘画的热爱总是驱使着她挑战自我。 27.that 考查宾语从句引导词。句意：我觉得我喜欢绘画。 28.give 考查动词和固定搭配。固定搭配：give up放弃，句意：我不想放弃活下去的机会。 29.of 考查介词和固定搭配。固定搭配：thousands of数以千计的。 30.called/named 考查动词。此处是定语后置，意为名叫Zhang Junli’s Paintings的网店。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$